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WO2021254910A1 - Vitre composite - Google Patents

Vitre composite Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021254910A1
WO2021254910A1 PCT/EP2021/065814 EP2021065814W WO2021254910A1 WO 2021254910 A1 WO2021254910 A1 WO 2021254910A1 EP 2021065814 W EP2021065814 W EP 2021065814W WO 2021254910 A1 WO2021254910 A1 WO 2021254910A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
intermediate layer
thermoplastic intermediate
wedge
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2021/065814
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stephan GIER
Valentin SCHULZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority to CN202180002556.2A priority Critical patent/CN114144246A/zh
Publication of WO2021254910A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021254910A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10577—Surface roughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/263—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite pane, in particular for a head-up display, a method for its production and its use.
  • Vehicle includes, among other things, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machines and also work equipment.
  • Composite panes are also used in other areas. These include, for example, building glazing or information displays, e.g. in museums or as advertising displays.
  • a composite pane generally has two panes that are laminated onto an intermediate layer.
  • the disks themselves can have a curvature and are generally of constant thickness.
  • the intermediate layer usually comprises a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), of a predetermined thickness, e.g. 0.76 mm.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • Composite panes are often used as a head-up display (HUD) to display information.
  • An image is projected onto the laminated glass panes by means of a projection device in order to show information into the field of vision for the viewer.
  • the projection device is arranged on the dashboard, for example, so that the projected image is reflected in the direction of the viewer on the closest glass surface of the laminated glass pane inclined towards the viewer (cf. e.g. EP 0420228 B1 or DE 102012 211 729 A1).
  • part of the light enters the laminated glass panes and is now, for example, at the outer boundary layer of the From the viewer's point of view, the glass surface lying further out is reflected and then emerges from the laminated glass pane in an offset manner.
  • the effect of ghost images in relation to the image to be displayed.
  • a pure classical compensation of ghost images leads to an overcompensation for double images in transmission to be observed. This leads to the fact that the respective viewer is irritated or, in the worst case, receives incorrect information.
  • This problem can be solved by arranging the surfaces of the panes no longer parallel, but at a fixed angle. This is achieved, for example, in that the intermediate layer is wedge-shaped with a continuously linear and / or non-linear increasing and / or decreasing thickness. In vehicle construction, the thickness is typically varied so that the smallest thickness is provided at the lower end of the laminated glass pane towards the engine compartment, while the thickness increases towards the roof.
  • a wedge-shaped composite pane can also be implemented by arranging an intermediate layer of constant thickness between two glass panes, at least one of which has a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • EP 3 248 949 A1 and US Pat. No. 7,122,242 B2 disclose processes for the production of float glass panes with a wedge-shaped cross section, as well as composite panes comprising two float glass panes and an intermediate layer, at least one of the float glass panes having a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • JP 2017-105665 discloses a composite pane comprising two glass panes and an intermediate layer therebetween, wherein at least one of the glass panes has a wedge-shaped cross section and the intermediate layer can have a wedge angle.
  • WO 2020/094419 A1 discloses a composite pane comprising an outer pane and an inner pane and an intermediate stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section, the outer pane and / or the inner pane having a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • WO 2020/0944220 A1 discloses a composite pane which comprises an outer pane, an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the outer pane and / or the inner pane being designed in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process and has a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the disk surfaces, which extend along a first disk direction and are arranged alternately in a second disk direction perpendicular to the first disk direction.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is produced in the extrusion process, has an essentially constant thickness over the length and the width and has a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the surfaces, which extend along a third direction and in a fourth direction perpendicular to the third direction Direction are arranged alternately.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are arranged at an angle of 45 ° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and / or inner pane formed in the form of a flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section made in the float process.
  • WO 2020/094421 A1 discloses a composite pane, at least comprising an outer pane with an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges, an inner pane with an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane with an upper edge and one bottom edge and two side edges.
  • the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connection line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a fourth direction of the shortest connection line between the lower edge and the upper edge.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a sixth direction, the sixth direction being rotated at an angle a different from 0 ° to a seventh direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge.
  • a composite pane is known from WO 2014/174308 A1 which has a darkening strip in the form of a cover print.
  • the darkening band extends in the circumferential area (i.e. in the circumferential outer edge area) of the pane and is made from an opaque ceramic ink that is applied to the pane.
  • the cover print hides the top view of any adhesive bead or sections of a frame, such as the body of a vehicle, when the composite pane is arranged in a vehicle or in building glazing.
  • the cover print conceals or conceals coating-free sections or coating-free edge areas, in particular the sun protection coating.
  • the ceramic ink is burned onto the surface at higher temperatures (usually 450 ° C to 700 ° C, for example when bending the glass pane) and forms a glass-like coating (or an enamel).
  • This form of applying the masking print to a glass pane is difficult or not possible in the case of surface-coated glass.
  • undesirable discoloration or defects in the cover print or in the coatings can occur.
  • Burning in the ceramic ink at higher temperatures can lead to optical distortions in peripheral areas and in the area of sensor windows.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing an improved composite pane with an opaque layer. Another object of the invention is to specify a cost-effective, variably usable manufacturing method.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a composite pane according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 14. Preferred designs emerge from the subclaims.
  • the composite pane according to the invention comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a printed opaque layer in at least one area.
  • the printed opaque layer can also be referred to as an opaque print.
  • Such opaque layers are well known to the person skilled in the art, for example from US9623634 B2. WO2018 / 122770 A1. WO2019 / 038043 A1, EP 1 322482 B2, US2014212639 A1.
  • the opaque layer differs from a conventional cover print, which is printed on a surface of the glass panes (for example by screen printing) and is baked in at high temperatures in one process step.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer offers the advantage over a masking print applied to the outer pane or the inner pane that the optics of the composite pane is improved in the edge areas and in the area of sensor windows and the printing of a coated pane can be avoided.
  • the opaque layer is essentially completely opaque to visible light.
  • the opaque layer preferably has a transmission T ⁇ 0.2 and in particular T ⁇ 0.1.
  • the opaque layer is preferably black, but can also have any other color.
  • the opaque layer preferably contains colored pigments or dyes, particularly preferably inorganic or organic colored pigments or dyes, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon black (called carbon black), iron oxide pigments and mixed-phase oxide pigments.
  • the mixed-phase oxide pigments include, for example, titanate pigments and spinel pigments.
  • the color pigments or dyes are advantageously applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer in a water- or solvent-based composition and preferably dried.
  • the color pigments or dyes can be sprayed, screen printed, Inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes can be applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the composition with which the opaque layer is printed on contains in particular no glass-forming oxides or glass frits or other constituents which, after drying and after lamination, lead to a glass-like layer.
  • the opaque layer is not glass-like and contains no enamel or is not enamel.
  • the composite pane according to the invention has an upper pane edge and a lower pane edge and two lateral side edges.
  • the upper edge of the pane denotes that side edge of the composite pane which is intended to point upwards in the installed position.
  • the lower edge of the pane denotes that side edge which is intended to point downwards in the installed position.
  • the upper pane edge is often also referred to as the roof edge and the lower pane edge is often also referred to as the engine edge.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outer and an inner surface, an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges.
  • the upper edge denotes that edge of the composite pane which is intended to point upwards in the installed position.
  • the lower edge denotes that edge which is intended to point downwards in the installation position.
  • the outside surface denotes that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position.
  • the interior-side surface denotes that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position.
  • the interior surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face one another and are connected to one another by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has one wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge.
  • both the outer disk and the inner disk are wedge-shaped, i.e. in this embodiment the outer disk has a wedge-shaped cross-section and the inner disk also has a wedge-shaped cross-section.
  • only one of the two panes of the composite panes has a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • only the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section and the inner pane does not have a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • only the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section and the outer pane does not have a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • the cross-section means the cross-section in the vertical course between the lower edge and the upper edge.
  • the thickness increases from the lower edge of the pane to the upper edge of the pane. The thicker first end is thus located on the upper edge of the pane and the thinner second end on the lower edge of the pane of the composite pane.
  • the printed opaque layer is arranged in an edge region surrounding the composite pane.
  • the width of the edge area is preferably 20 mm to 150 mm. It is also possible for individual sections of the circumferential edge area to be wider than other sections.
  • the printed opaque layer can be arranged in a 20 mm wide border area on the side edges and on the upper edge and the printed opaque layer can be arranged in a 100 mm wide border area on the lower edge.
  • the composite pane has at least one sensor window for an optical sensor and the opaque layer printed on is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window.
  • the imprinted opaque layer can also be arranged both in an edge area surrounding the composite pane and in an area surrounding the sensor window.
  • the opaque layer is preferably printed on a maximum of 30%, particularly preferably a maximum of 10%, very particularly preferably a maximum of 5% of the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a surface roughness Rz of a maximum of 45 ⁇ m (micrometers), preferably of a maximum of 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably has a surface roughness of 20 ⁇ m to 45 ⁇ m with a thickness of 0.76 mm or 0.84 mm and preferably a surface roughness of 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m with a thickness of 0.38 mm or 0.50 mm on.
  • the surfaces of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are preferably not embossed. Such smooth film surfaces can be printed with particularly precise and sharp edges.
  • Rz is defined here as the mean roughness depth, i.e. the sum of the height of the largest profile peak and the depth of the largest profile valley within a single measurement section Ir.
  • the opaque layer has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m (micrometers) to 40 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • Opaque layers with such thicknesses are easy to produce, have sufficient covering power and can be laminated into a composite pane without additional leveling layers or leveling foils.
  • the opaque layer can be printed on any surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer or on any surface of individual films of a film composite, in particular also on several surfaces.
  • the opaque layer is preferably printed onto that surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer which faces in the direction of the outer pane.
  • the opaque layer it is also possible for the opaque layer to be printed on that surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer which points in the direction of the inner pane.
  • the opaque layer is printed on several surfaces, then preferably in staggered sections. This has the advantage that the total thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer with the opaque layer remains smaller and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is easier to laminate.
  • the sum of the wedge angle of the outer pane and the wedge angle of the inner pane is preferably 0.05 mrad to 0.9 mrad. This means that if only one of the two disks has a wedge-shaped cross section, it preferably has a wedge angle of 0.05 mrad to 0.9 mrad.
  • the wedge angle of the composite pane according to the invention is preferably 0.1 mrad to 1.0 mrad, particularly preferably 0.15 mrad to 0.75 mrad, very particularly preferably 0.3 mrad to 0.7 mrad.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), acrylates or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and plasticizers.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PU polyurethane
  • acrylates or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and plasticizers.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be a functional intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustic damping properties, an intermediate layer that reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer that is at least partially colored and / or an intermediate layer that is at least partially tinted.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a belt filter film.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a functional intermediate layer with acoustic damping properties.
  • acoustic intermediate layer typically consists of at least three layers, the middle layer having a higher plasticity or elasticity than the outer layers surrounding it, for example as a result of a higher proportion of plasticizers.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a functional intermediate layer with acoustic damping properties and the thickness of the middle layers is 0.10 mm and the thickness of the outer layers is in each case 0.20 mm. In another Embodiment, the thickness of the middle layer is 0.08 mm to 0.12 mm and the thickness of the outer layers in each case 0.32 mm to 0.38 mm.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a functional intermediate layer with a color function.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is colored or tinted.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be tinted or colored over the entire surface.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also have a color gradient or a colored pattern.
  • the coloring or tint is designed in such a way that the composite pane in the spectra I range from 380 nm to 780 nm has a light transmission of greater than 70%.
  • the coloration or tint can also be made darker and the composite panes thus have a light transmission of 70% or less in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm. It goes without saying that in embodiments in the case of a windshield, the transmission outside the field of vision, in particular in the region adjoining the roof edge, can also be less than 70%.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is a colored intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section
  • the light transmission through the thermoplastic intermediate layer is constant over the entire width and the entire height, that is to say over the entire surface thereof.
  • the constant light transmission despite a wedge-shaped cross-section is achieved by the dye concentration in the first colored thermoplastic layer increasing from the thicker end of the first colored thermoplastic layer to its thinner end.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is a functional intermediate layer with a solar function, in particular with properties that absorb infrared radiation, such as, for example, a PVB film in which indium tin oxide (ITO) particles are contained.
  • a solar function in particular with properties that absorb infrared radiation, such as, for example, a PVB film in which indium tin oxide (ITO) particles are contained.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is designed as an element reflecting infrared radiation, for example as a bilayer reflecting infrared radiation comprising a first layer and a carrier film arranged thereon with a coating reflecting infrared radiation or a layer reflecting infrared radiation Trilayer comprising a first layer, a second layer and a carrier film with an infrared radiation reflective coating arranged between them.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a functional intermediate layer in which two or more functional properties are combined, for example acoustic damping properties with a color function and / or a solar function.
  • the composite pane according to the invention can comprise one or more additional intermediate layers, in particular functional intermediate layers, these additional intermediate layers preferably being of essentially constant thickness. That is, the one or more additional intermediate layers do not have a wedge angle.
  • an essentially constant thickness of a layer is to be understood as meaning that the thickness of the layer is constant over the length and width within the framework of normal manufacturing tolerances. This preferably means that the thickness varies by no more than 5%, preferably by no more than 3%.
  • This at least one additional intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. If the composite pane according to the invention has two or more additional intermediate layers, it is also possible for at least one of the additional intermediate layers to be arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one of the additional intermediate layer to be arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • An additional intermediate layer can in particular be an element reflecting infrared radiation, an ultraviolet radiation absorbing layer, a tinted or colored layer, a barrier layer or a combination of these. If several additional intermediate layers are present, these can also have different functions.
  • the outer pane and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • the outer pane and / or the inner pane is in particular a wedge-shaped float glass produced using the float glass process Cross-section. It can, for example, be a quartz glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass or preferably a soda-lime glass.
  • the inner pane has an essentially constant thickness and can be made from soda-lime glass using the float glass process, as is customary for window panes.
  • the inner pane can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass.
  • the inner pane can also not be manufactured using the float glass process and can be manufactured from rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the outer pane has an essentially constant thickness and can be made from soda-lime glass using the float glass process, as is customary for window panes.
  • the outer pane can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass.
  • the outer pane can also not be manufactured using the float glass process and can be manufactured from rigid, clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the outer pane and / or the inner pane is a flat glass, in particular a float glass produced in a float glass process.
  • the outer pane and / or the inner pane can have anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, electrically heatable coatings, sun protection coatings and / or low-E coatings.
  • the thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane preferably have a thickness of 1 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, the thickness being the greatest thickness in each case in the case of wedge-shaped panes.
  • the outer pane is 2.1 mm thick at the thicker first end and the inner pane is 1.6 mm thick at the thicker first end. It can be on the outer pane or in particular the inner pane can also be thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section. That is, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a thicker first end and a thinner second end. The increase in thickness from the second end to the first end can be continuously linear or non-linear.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section can be a wedge-shaped extruded thermoplastic intermediate layer or a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane in the composite pane according to the invention are arranged in such a way that the ends with the greater thickness are arranged one above the other and the ends with the smaller thickness are arranged one above the other.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section can have a wedge angle in the range from 0.01 mrad to 0.15 mrad, preferably 0.01 mrad to 0.1 mrad.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section is for example 0.76 mm to 0.84 mm at the thicker first end and for example at least 0.55 mm, preferably at least 0.65 mm, at the thinner second end.
  • Thermoplastic films in particular PVB films, are sold in standard thicknesses such as 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm and 0.84 mm. However, thermoplastic films, in particular PVB films in thicknesses of 1.14 mm or 1.52 mm, are also sold. Thermoplastic films with acoustic damping properties are sold, for example, in thicknesses of 0.50 mm and 0.84 mm. From all these films, wedge-shaped, stretched thermoplastic intermediate layers can advantageously be produced by stretching.
  • molten glass is fed from one side onto a bath of liquid tin (float bath). For example, the temperature at the entrance to the tin bath is approx. 1000 ° C.
  • the lighter molten glass floats on the tin and spreads evenly on the tin surface.
  • the solidified glass is continuously pulled out in the form of a ribbon and then cooled. After sufficient cooling, glass panels are cut to the desired size from the glass ribbon, from which glass panes for windshields, for example, can then be cut out.
  • the distribution of the glass melt on the tin bath determines an equilibrium thickness of the glass.
  • the glass is pulled out of the tin bath by actively driven (top) rollers, whereby the glass ribbon is stretched.
  • the thickness of the glass can be adjusted via the speed of the rollers, whereby a higher speed is set for the production of thinner glasses and a correspondingly lower speed of the rollers is set for thicker glasses. If, for example, the speed of the rollers in the lateral areas of the glass ribbon is greater than in the middle of the glass ribbon, a glass ribbon with a plano-convex cross-section can be produced from which wedge-shaped panes can be cut.
  • both glass surfaces have elongated elevations and depressions in a parallel arrangement, which each extend in the pulling direction of the glass ribbon from the tin bath.
  • the elongated elevations and depressions correspond to wave crests and wave troughs, which are arranged alternately perpendicular to the direction of pull.
  • the glass panes are cut out of the tin bath with their longer dimensions in the direction of pull of the glass ribbon, so that the float lines extend parallel to the longer dimensions of the glass panes.
  • Thermoplastic intermediate layers that are produced by extrusion processes are also typically characterized by an undesirable waviness caused by production. This manifests itself in the form of changes in thickness (elongated elevations and depressions) perpendicular to the extrusion direction.
  • the elongated elevations (wave crests) and depressions (wave troughs) describe the production-related, actually undesirable surface waviness.
  • the distance between adjacent elevations or the distance between adjacent depressions is typically greater than or equal to 50 mm.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with the manufacturing-related waviness of a pane can lead to a disadvantageous impairment of the optical properties of a laminated glass in which this thermoplastic intermediate layer is laminated between a first pane and a second pane.
  • This effect is particularly pronounced when the manufacturing-related undulations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the first disk and the second disk are unfavorably superimposed. If, for example, in the case of windshields in motor vehicles, the head is tilted from one side to the other or from top to bottom, objects can appear distorted when viewed through a locally different optical refractive power.
  • the outer pane and / or the inner pane is designed in the form of flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section produced in the float process and has a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions on the pane surfaces, which extend along a third direction and in one direction Third direction perpendicular fourth disk direction are arranged alternately and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is produced in the extrusion process, has a substantially constant thickness over the length and width and on the surfaces of a plurality of elongated elevations and elongated depressions, which extend along a fifth direction and are arranged alternately in a sixth direction perpendicular to the fifth direction, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged such that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer into a m at an angle of 45 ° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and / or inner pane formed in the form of a flat glass manufactured in the float process with
  • This embodiment thus relates to a composite pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two lateral pane edges, at least comprising an outer pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges, an inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges; and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge, two side edges, the outer pane having a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a printed opaque layer in at least one area, the outer pane and / or the inner pane in the form of a flat glass produced in the float process is formed with a wedge-shaped cross-section and has a plurality of elongated elevations and
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer With such an arrangement of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the optical properties of this embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention are compared to the optical properties of a composite pane in which the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 0 ° to the elongated elevations of the flat glass produced in the float process wedge-shaped cross-section formed outer disk and / or inner disk are arranged, improved.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged in the composite pane according to the invention in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are arranged at an angle of 45 ° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and / or inner pane formed in the form of a flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section made in the float process means that in the event that the outer pane is designed in the form of a flat glass produced in the float process with a wedge-shaped cross-section and the inner pane is in the form of a flat glass produced in the float process with an essentially constant thickness, the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer in one Angle of 45 ° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane are arranged.
  • the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 45 ° up to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the inner pane.
  • the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 45 ° up to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and at an angle of 45 ° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the inner pane.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 60 ° to 90 °, in particular at an angle of 75 ° to 90 °, to the elongated elevations in the form of a float process
  • Flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section formed outer pane and / or inner pane are arranged.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is particularly preferably arranged in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are arranged at an angle of 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane and / or inner pane formed in the form of a flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section formed in the float process. It goes without saying that when specifying the dimensions of the angle, both the clockwise and the counterclockwise angle can be meant.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction, the seventh direction at an angle a different from 0 ° to an eighth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is rotated.
  • this embodiment relates to a composite pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two lateral pane edges, at least comprising an outer pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges, an inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges and one between the outer pane and the inner pane arranged thermoplastic intermediate layer with an upper edge of a lower edge, two side edges, wherein the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the largest linear Has a thickness increase along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a printed opaque layer in at least one area, and the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction, the seventh direction being rotated by an angle a different from 0 ° to an eighth direction of
  • the wedge angle K4 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer can thus be finely adjusted along the eighth direction.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer in the composite pane according to the invention has the greatest linear increase in thickness along a seventh direction, which is rotated by the angle ⁇ different from 0 ° to the eighth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, in The composite pane according to the invention also rotates the manufacturing-related waviness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer to the manufacturing-related waviness of the outer pane designed as a disc with a wedge-shaped cross-section and / or to the manufacturing-related waviness of the inner pane designed as a disc with a wedge-shaped cross-section by the angle a.
  • the manufacturing-related waviness of the wedge-shaped outer pane and / or inner pane is not superimposed with the manufacturing-related waviness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the optical properties of the composite pane according to the invention are therefore improved compared to the optical properties of a composite pane in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer exhibits the greatest linear increase in thickness along the shortest connecting line from the lower edge to the upper edge.
  • the angle a is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °, preferably greater than 0 ° and less than 45 °, particularly preferably greater than 0 ° and less than 30 ° and very particularly preferably greater than 0 ° and smaller than 15 °.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is designed as a multilayer film composite, at least comprising a first film with a thickness of at most 50 ⁇ m and a second film with a thickness of more than 50 ⁇ m, the first film having the printed opaque layer.
  • the first film and the second film can be arranged in the film composite in such a way that the opaque layer is arranged between the first film and the second film or, alternatively, in such a way that the opaque layer is printed on that surface of the first film that is in the film composite is not arranged adjacent to the second film.
  • the surface roughness of the first film is preferably a maximum of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the height of the outer pane and the inner pane ie in the case of a windshield the distance between the roof edge of the composite pane and the motor edge of the composite pane is preferably between 0.8 m and 1.40 m, particularly preferably between 0.9 m and 1.25 m It goes without saying that the height of the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the optional additional intermediate layers is therefore preferably between 0.8 m and 1.40 m, particularly preferably between 0.9 m and 1.25 m.
  • the composite pane according to the invention can be a vehicle pane.
  • a vehicle window is provided for separating a vehicle interior from an external environment.
  • a vehicle window is therefore a window that is inserted into a window opening in the vehicle body or is intended for this purpose.
  • a composite pane according to the invention is in particular a windshield of a motor vehicle.
  • inner pane denotes that pane which is intended to face the interior of the vehicle in the installed position.
  • outer pane denotes that pane which is intended to face the external surroundings of the vehicle in the installed position.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane can, independently of one another, be clear and colorless, but also tinted, cloudy or colored.
  • the total transmission through the composite pane is greater than 70%, in particular if the composite pane is a windshield.
  • the term overall transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmission of motor vehicle windows specified by ECE-R 43, Annex 3, Section 9.1.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane can for example consist of non-toughened, partially toughened or toughened glass.
  • the opaque layer can also be imprinted in such a way that the imprint is also semitransparent at least in sections, for example as a point grid, hole grid, stripe grid or checkered grid.
  • the print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semitransparent covering.
  • the opaque layer consists of different materials and has a different microstructure than with a conventional cover print that is printed on a surface of the glass panes (for example by screen printing) and in one process step at high temperatures is burned in (for example when bending the pane of glass).
  • Such cover prints consist of a ceramic ink and contain glass-forming oxides or glass frits which, after baking, form a glass-like coating on the glass pane.
  • This glass-like coating has a firm and intimate connection with the surface of the glass pane. If the laminated pane is dismantled with the application of high forces, such a cover pressure cannot be removed from the glass surface.
  • the opaque layer bonds firmly to the thermoplastic intermediate layer before and during lamination.
  • the temperatures are not sufficient to create a permanent connection with any adjacent glass pane. Therefore, when the composite pane is dismantled, the opaque layer including the intermediate layer can be detached from the glass panes.
  • the composite pane according to the invention is preferably curved in one or more directions of the space, as is customary for motor vehicle windows, typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m.
  • the laminated glass can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.
  • the composite pane according to the invention can be used as a head-up display (HUD) for displaying information.
  • HUD head-up display
  • Another aspect of the invention is a composite pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two side pane edges, which comprises a laminated stacking sequence, at least comprising an outer pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges; an inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges; and a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane and having an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges; wherein the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear thickness increase along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge having; and wherein, prior to lamination, the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a printed opaque layer in at least one area.
  • the invention also relates to a projection arrangement for a head-up display (HUD) at least comprising a composite pane according to the invention and a projector.
  • HUD head-up display
  • the projector irradiates an area of the windshield where the radiation is reflected in the direction of the viewer (driver), creating a virtual image that the viewer perceives from behind the windshield.
  • the area of the windshield that can be irradiated by the projector is referred to as the HUD area.
  • the beam direction of the projector can typically be varied by mirrors, in particular vertically, in order to adapt the projection to the body size of the viewer.
  • the area in which the viewer's eyes must be with a given mirror position is known as the eyebox window.
  • This eyebox window can be shifted vertically by adjusting the mirror, the entire area accessible through this (that is, the overlay of all possible eyebox windows) being referred to as the eyebox.
  • a viewer located inside the eyebox can perceive the virtual image. Of course, this means that the viewer's eyes must be located within the eyebox, not the entire body.
  • the preferred configurations of the composite pane according to the invention described above also apply accordingly to the projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention and a projector.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two lateral pane edges, at least one outer pane with an upper edge, one lower edge and two side edges and one inner pane with an upper edge, one lower edge and two side edges being provided , wherein the outer pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear thickness increase along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the Has upper edge, an opaque layer is printed at least in one area on a thermoplastic intermediate layer, then a stacking sequence of the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane gebi and in a final step the stacking
  • the method comprises in the step of printing the opaque layer on the thermoplastic intermediate layer at least the application of a water- or solvent-based color pigments or dyes-containing composition to the thermoplastic intermediate layer in at least one area and the drying of the applied composition.
  • Spray processes, screen printing processes, inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes are particularly suitable for applying the composition.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and by the same tool), because this means that the shape of the panes is optimally matched to one another for the subsequent lamination.
  • Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are, for example, 500 ° C to 700 ° C.
  • the method according to the invention can additionally comprise the steps of providing at least one additional intermediate layer and arranging this independently of one another between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the at least one additional intermediate layer has an essentially constant thickness. In the Providing an additional intermediate layer, this can thus be arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. If more than one additional intermediate layer is provided, these can thus be arranged either between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer, or additional layers can be added both between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer and between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer Intermediate layers are arranged.
  • the lamination of the stacking sequence can be carried out using common lamination processes.
  • so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130 ° C. to 145 ° C. for about 2 hours.
  • autoclave-free processes are also possible.
  • Vacuum bags or vacuum ring processes known per se work, for example, at around 200 mbar and 80 ° C to 110 ° C.
  • the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Systems of this type are known for the production of panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a press shop.
  • the temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice.
  • vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heatable and evacuable chambers in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 ° C to 170 ° C.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is an intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • the method according to the invention is a method for producing a composite pane with a desired wedge angle K1, where at least:
  • an outer pane and an inner pane are provided, the outer pane and / or the inner pane having a wedge-shaped cross section and the sum KS of the wedge angle K2 of the outer pane and the wedge angle K3 of the inner pane is smaller than the desired wedge angle K1; (c) the difference KD between the desired wedge angle K1 and the sum KS is determined;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is provided with a wedge-shaped cross section, the wedge angle K4 of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer corresponding to the difference KD;
  • the wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged flat between the outer pane and the inner pane;
  • the embodiment of a method according to the invention described above offers the advantage that the wedge angle can be finely adjusted by introducing a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section, ie a wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the wedge angle of the intermediate layer can be easily adjusted by selecting a suitable extruder or a suitable stretching radius.
  • the production of panes with different wedge angles is significantly more complex, so that usually only panes with a series of specific wedge angles, for example 0.1 mrad, 0.2, mrad, 0.3 mrad, 0, 4 mrad, 0.5 mrad, 0.6 mrad can be produced.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section makes it possible in a simple manner to fine-tune the wedge angle of a composite pane composed of an outer pane and an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, the outer pane and / or the inner pane having a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • a composite pane with a wedge angle of 0.55 mrad an outer pane with a wedge angle of 0.5 mrad, an inner pane of constant thickness (wedge angle equal to 0 mrad) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge angle of 0.05 mrad can be laminated.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section can be a wedge-shaped extruded thermoplastic intermediate layer or a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer can be produced, for example, by stretching a heated thermoplastic intermediate layer of constant thickness over a so-called stretching cone.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer with constant thickness, or at least individual foils of these, can preferably be produced in the extrusion process. Since the stretching radius correlates with the wedge angle to be achieved, the person skilled in the art can produce a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer with a previously determined wedge angle by varying the stretching radius. The person skilled in the art knows which stretching cone must be used in the stretching process as a function of the wedge angle desired for the stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the method according to the invention comprises at least the following steps:
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer (c) printing an opaque layer on at least one area of the thermoplastic intermediate layer
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer between the outer pane and the inner pane in such a way that the elongated elevations of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are at an angle of 45 ° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the outer pane, which is made in the form of a flat glass with a wedge-shaped cross-section and is made in the float process / or inner pane are arranged;
  • an outer pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two lateral pane edges and an inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges are provided, the outer pane having a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section is provided as rolled goods
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges, ie a thermoplastic intermediate layer in disk shape, is cut out of the thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross-section as rolled goods in such a way that the thermoplastic intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the greatest linear increase in thickness a seventh direction, the seventh direction different from 0 ° by one Angle ⁇ is rotated to an eighth direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge of the thermoplastic intermediate layer;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer in at least one area
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged flat between the outer pane and the inner pane;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section can also be produced as rolled goods by extrusion of a wedge-shaped thermoplastic intermediate layer or by stretching a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a constant thickness.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and by the same tool), because this means that the shape of the panes is optimally matched to one another for the subsequent lamination.
  • Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are, for example, 500 ° C to 700 ° C.
  • Another aspect of the invention comprises a composite pane according to the invention which is produced by the method according to the invention.
  • the invention therefore comprises a composite pane, obtainable by a method in which at least
  • An outer pane with an upper pane edge, a lower pane edge and two lateral pane edges and an inner pane with an upper edge, a lower edge and two side edges are provided, the outer pane having a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction of the shortest connecting line between the The lower edge and the upper edge and / or the inner pane has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge and the upper edge,
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is printed at least in one area on a thermoplastic intermediate layer, then a stacking sequence is formed from the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane; and below
  • the invention also relates to the use of a composite pane according to the invention as a vehicle pane in means of locomotion for traffic in the country, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and in particular in a windshield, especially for a head-up display in a motor vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of an inventive
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of a further embodiment of an inventive
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the composite pane according to FIG. 1 along the section line A-A ‘;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of individual disks in
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an individual disk produced in the float process with a wedge-shaped cross-section along the section line X-X ‘shown in FIG. 6;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 8 shows a schematic representation of a thermoplastic intermediate layer partially unwound from a roll; 9 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer along the section line Y- shown in FIG.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 10 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer along the section line Y- shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section made of flat glass produced in the float process for
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of a further arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section made of flat glass produced in the float process for
  • FIG. 13 shows an exploded view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention.
  • FIG. 14 shows an exploded view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention.
  • 15 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section made of flat glass produced in the float process for
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer to length from a thermoplastic intermediate layer as roll goods
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 16 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods along the section line Z-Z ‘shown in FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 17 shows an exploded view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention.
  • FIG. 19 shows a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of an inventive
  • the composite pane 1 shown.
  • the composite pane 1 is composed of an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • the outer pane 2 faces the external environment
  • the inner pane 3 faces the vehicle interior.
  • the outer pane 2 has an outside surface I, which faces the external environment in the installed position, and a interior-side surface II, which faces the interior in the installed position.
  • the inner pane 3 has an outside surface III which, in the installed position, faces the external environment, and an inside surface IV which, in the installed position, faces the interior space.
  • the lower pane edge U of the composite pane 1 is arranged downwards in the direction of the motor of the passenger car, the upper pane edge O of the composite pane 1 is arranged upwards in the direction of the roof, the two lateral pane edges S are arranged laterally.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 only in that the thermoplastic intermediate layer has an opaque imprint in a circumferential edge area, ie an opaque layer 5 is printed on the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in a circumferential edge area .
  • an opaque layer 5 is printed on the thermoplastic layer 4 and is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window 6 and in a peripheral edge area.
  • FIG 3 shows an exploded view of the embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention shown in FIG Lower edge U3 and two side edges S3, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 with an upper edge 04, a lower edge U4 and two side edges S4.
  • the outer pane 2 has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction R1 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U2 and the upper edge 02 and the inner pane 3 has a wedge-shaped cross section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a second direction R2 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U3 and the upper edge 03.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass.
  • the outer pane 2 has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker first end; the inner pane 3, for example, has a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker first end.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is formed, for example, as a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm in the initial state before stretching.
  • the opaque layer 5 is black here, for example, and has a thickness of 12 ⁇ m, for example.
  • both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 have a wedge-shaped cross section. Both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 thus have a thicker first end and a thinner second end.
  • the wedge angle of the outer disk 2 is 0.3 mrad, for example.
  • the wedge angle of the inner disk 3 is, for example, 0.3 mrad.
  • the wedge angle of the stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is, for example, 0.05 mrad.
  • the composite pane 1 thus has a wedge angle of 0.65 mrad.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass.
  • the outer pane 2 has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker first end; the inner pane 6, for example, has a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker first end.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is formed, for example, from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer pane 2. This embodiment is preferred since, when viewed from the outside, no thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged in front of the opaque imprint.
  • FIG. 5 a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 have a wedge-shaped cross section. Both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 thus have a thicker first end and a thinner second end.
  • the wedge angle of the outer disk 2 is marked with K2 and is, for example, 0.3 mrad.
  • the wedge angle of the inner pane 3 is marked with K3 and is, for example, 0.3 mrad.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is, for example, a stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer with a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • the wedge angle of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is marked with K4 and is, for example, 0.05 mrad.
  • the composite pane 1 thus has a wedge angle K1 of 0.65 mrad.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass.
  • the outer pane 2 has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker first end
  • the inner pane 3 for example, has a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker first end.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is formed, for example, from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm in the initial state before stretching.
  • the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the inner pane 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of individual panes 14 when cutting out individual panes from flat glass produced in the float process with a wedge-shaped cross section 14 from the glass ribbon 21 produced in the float process, which has a plano-convex cross section.
  • the third direction R3 corresponds to the pulling direction of the glass ribbon 21 in the float process.
  • the fourth direction R4 is perpendicular to the third direction R3.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an individual disk produced in the float process with a wedge-shaped cross-section 14 along the section line XX 'shown in FIG. 6.
  • the individual pane 14 shown in FIG. 7 can be, for example, the outer pane 2 of a laminated glass 1 according to the invention.
  • the individual pane 14 shown in FIG. 7 can also be the inner pane 3 of a laminated glass 1 according to the invention.
  • both the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 can also be designed as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the individual disk shown in FIG. 7 has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm and a wedge angle of 0.7 mrad.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 shows a schematic representation of a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 partially unwound from a roll 15.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is preferably made of PVB.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 can consist of another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is produced by extrusion, the extrusion direction of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 corresponding to the winding or unwinding direction of the roll 15. In Fig. 8, the extrusion or unwinding direction is marked with the arrow R5.
  • FIG. 9 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 according to the section line Y-Y ‘drawn in FIG. 8. It can be seen that the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is essentially constant over the length and the width. The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is 0.76 mm, for example.
  • the surfaces 13, 13 'of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have a plurality of elongated elevations 10 protruding from the surface and elongated depressions 11 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend in the extrusion direction R5 (not shown in FIG. 9).
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged alternately across the extrusion direction, that is to say in the direction R6.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wave-shaped, so that the surfaces 13, 13 'of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have an undulation.
  • FIG. 10 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 along the section line YY shown in FIG. 8.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 comprises a first layer 4a, a second layer 4b and a third layer 4c arranged between the first layer 4a and the second layer 4b, the third layer 4c having acoustic damping properties.
  • the thicknesses of the first layer 4a, the second layer 4b, the third Layer 4c and the total thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are in each case essentially constant over the length and the width.
  • the total thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is, for example, 0.84 mm.
  • the surfaces 13, 13 'of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have a plurality of elongated elevations 10 protruding from the surface and elongated depressions 11 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend in the extrusion direction R5 (not shown in FIG. 10).
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged alternately across the extrusion direction, that is to say in the direction R6.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wave-shaped, so that the surfaces 13, 13 'of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 have an undulation.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section 14 made of flat glass produced in the float process for cutting the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 from FIG. 9 to length to produce an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention cut to length so that the window edges extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle in the installed state are arranged perpendicular to the extrusion direction R5.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are rotated by 90 ° to the direction R3 and thus rotated by 90 ° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the individual disks 14 arranged.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of a further arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross section 14 made of flat glass produced in the float process for cutting the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 from FIG. 9 to length to produce an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention Cut to length in such a way that the window edges, which extend in the transverse direction of the vehicle when installed, are arranged at an angle of 45 ° to the extrusion direction R5.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are rotated by 45 ° to the direction R3 and thus rotated by 45 ° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the individual disks 14 arranged.
  • the composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 arranged between them.
  • elongated elevations 10 and the surface deepening, elongated depressions 11 in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend along a direction which is indicated in FIG. 13 by the arrow R5.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged alternately across the direction R5.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wave-shaped.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are designed as wedge-shaped flat glass 14 produced in the float process and, due to the manufacturing process, have a plurality of elongated elevations 8 protruding from the surface and elongated depressions 9 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend along a direction which is indicated in FIG. 13 by the arrow R3.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged alternately transversely to the direction R3.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 are wave-shaped.
  • the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer pane 2. To simplify the illustration, the opaque layer 5 is not shown in FIG. 13.
  • the composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 and a thermoplastic arranged in between Intermediate layer 4.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a plurality of elongated elevations 10 protruding from the surfaces 13, 13 'and elongated depressions 11 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend along a direction which is indicated in FIG. 10 by the arrow R5.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged alternately across the direction R5.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wave-shaped.
  • the outer pane 2 is designed as a wedge-shaped flat glass 14 produced in the float process and, due to the manufacturing process, has a plurality of elongated elevations 8 protruding from the surfaces 12, 12 'and elongated depressions 9 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend along a direction which is indicated in FIG. 10 by the arrow R3.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged alternately transversely to the direction R3.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 are wave-shaped.
  • the inner pane 3 is designed as a flat glass with a constant thickness 16 produced in the float process.
  • This has float lines, i.e. elevations 19 and depressions 20, which extend along a ninth direction R9 and are arranged alternately across the ninth direction R9, i.e. in a tenth direction R10.
  • the elevations 19 and depressions 20 are wave-shaped.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the outer pane 2 are arranged in such a way that the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are rotated by 45 ° to the direction R3 and R 9 and thus rotated by 45 ° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the outer pane 2 and to the elevations 19 and depressions 20 of the inner pane 3 are arranged.
  • the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is arranged directly adjacent to the outer pane 2.
  • the opaque layer 5 is not shown in FIG. 14.
  • 15 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of individual panes with a wedge-shaped cross-section made of flat glass 14 produced in the float process for cutting a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 from a thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 single layer of thermoplastic material formed, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm at the thicker end.
  • it can consist of another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 is produced by extrusion of a wedge-shaped intermediate layer or by stretching a thermoplastic intermediate layer produced in the extrusion process with an essentially constant thickness, the extrusion direction corresponding to the winding or unwinding direction of the roll 15.
  • the extrusion or unwinding direction is marked with the direction R5 and the direction of the greatest linear increase in the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is marked with the direction R7.
  • the shortest connecting line from the lower edge U4 to the upper edge 04 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is designated in the form of a disk with the direction R8.
  • the direction R7, along which the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has the greatest linear increase in thickness is rotated by an angle ⁇ (not shown in FIG. 15) to the direction R8.
  • the direction R7 is rotated, for example, by 45 ° with respect to the direction R8.
  • FIG. 16 shows a detail of a cross-sectional view of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 according to the section line ZZ 'shown in FIG. 15. It can be seen that the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 increases from Z ′ in the Z direction.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as roll goods 15 is, for example, 0.76 mm at the thickest point.
  • the surfaces 13, 13 'of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods have a plurality of elongated elevations 10 protruding from the surface and elongated depressions 11 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend in the extrusion direction R5 (not shown in FIG. 16).
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged alternately across the extrusion direction, that is to say in the direction R6.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wave-shaped formed so that the surfaces 13, 13 'of the thermoplastic intermediate layer as rolled goods 15 have a waviness.
  • FIG. 17 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the composite pane 1 is composed of an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • the outer pane 2 faces the external environment
  • the inner pane 3 faces the vehicle interior.
  • the lower edge U2 of the outer pane 2, the lower edge U4 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the lower edge U3 of the inner pane 3 are arranged flush one above the other in the composite pane 1, the upper edge 02 of the outer pane 2, the upper edge 04 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the upper edge 03 of the inner pane 3 are also arranged flush one above the other in the composite pane 1.
  • the side edges S2, S3 and S4 of the outer pane 2, the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 are each arranged flush on top of one another.
  • the outer pane 2 has, for example, a wedge angle of 0.3 mrad with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a first direction R1 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U2 and the upper edge 02, with a thickness of 2.1 mm at the thicker end, for example.
  • the inner pane 3 has, for example, a wedge angle of 0.3 mrad with the greatest linear increase in thickness along a second direction R2 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U3 and the upper edge 03, with a thickness of 1.6 mm at the thicker end, for example. But it is also possible that only the outer pane 2 or only the inner pane 3 has a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has a wedge-shaped cross section with the greatest linear increase in thickness along the direction R7 and is formed, for example, from a single layer of thermoplastic material, for example from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm at the thickest point.
  • the direction R7 is rotated by an angle ⁇ to the direction R8 along the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U4 and the upper edge 04.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 has, for example, a wedge angle of 0.03 mrad in the direction R8.
  • the angle a is, for example, 45 ° measured in the clockwise direction.
  • the opaque layer 5 is here for example black and has a thickness of 12 ⁇ m, for example, and is arranged on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which faces in the direction of the outer pane 2.
  • FIG. 18 shows a further exploded view of an embodiment of a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 and a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 arranged in between.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 18 essentially corresponds to that in FIG. 17 embodiment shown.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 due to the manufacturing process, has a plurality of elongated elevations 10 protruding from the surfaces 13, 13 'and elongated depressions 11 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 each extend along a direction which is indicated in FIG. 7 by the arrow R5.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are arranged alternately across the direction R5, i.e. along the direction R6.
  • the elevations 10 and depressions 11 are wave-shaped.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are designed as wedge-shaped flat glass 14 produced in the float process and, due to the manufacturing process, have a plurality of elongated elevations 8 protruding from the surface and elongated depressions 9 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend along a direction which is indicated in FIG. 18 by the arrow R3.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged alternately across the direction R3, i.e. along the direction R4.
  • the elevations 8 and depressions 9 are wave-shaped.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are arranged such that the elevations 10 and depressions 11 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, along run in a direction R5 and are arranged alternately along the direction R6, rotated by 45 ° to the direction R3 and thus rotated by 45 ° to the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3.
  • the opaque layer 5 is printed on the surface of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, which is directly adjacent to the Outer disk 2 is arranged. To simplify the illustration, the opaque layer 5 is not shown in FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 19 shows a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the method comprises first step I, in which an outer pane 2 with an upper edge 02, a lower edge U2 and two side edges S2 and an inner pane 3 with an upper edge 03, a lower edge U3 and two side edges S3 are provided, the outer pane 2 having a wedge-shaped cross section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a first direction R1 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U2 and the upper edge 02 and / or the inner pane 3 has a wedge-shaped cross-section with the largest linear increase in thickness along a second direction R2 of the shortest connecting line between the lower edge U3 and the upper edge 03 has.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is printed onto a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in at least one area.
  • a stacking sequence is formed from the outer pane 2, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the inner pane 3.
  • a fourth step IV the stacking sequence is connected by lamination.
  • Step II preferably comprises at least the application of a composition containing water or solvent-based color pigments or dyes to the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in at least one area and the drying of the applied composition
  • the laminated pane according to the invention and the method according to the invention have clear advantages over a masking print according to the prior art which is applied directly to a glass surface, where it is burned in at higher temperatures and forms a glass-like coating or an enamel.
  • KD Difference between the desired wedge angle of the composite pane and the sum of the wedge angle of the outer pane and the wedge angle of the inner pane K1 - KS O upper edge of the pane U lower edge of the pane S side edge of the pane 02 upper edge of the outer pane U2 lower edge of the outer pane

Landscapes

  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une vitre composite (1) ayant un bord de vitre supérieur (O), un bord de vitre inférieur (U), et deux bords de vitre latéraux (S), ladite vitre composite comprenant au moins : une vitre extérieure (2) ayant un bord supérieur (O2), un bord inférieur (U2), et deux bords latéraux (S2) ; une vitre intérieure (3) ayant un bord supérieur (O3), un bord inférieur (U3), et deux bords latéraux (S3) ; et une couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (4) située entre la vitre extérieure (2) et la vitre intérieure (3) et ayant un bord supérieur (O4), un bord inférieur (U4), et deux bords latéraux (S4), la vitre extérieure (2) présentant une section transversale en forme de coin avec la plus grande augmentation linéaire d'épaisseur le long d'une première direction (R1) de la ligne de raccordement la plus courte entre le bord inférieur (U2) et le bord supérieur (O2) et/ou la vitre intérieure (3) présentant une section transversale en forme de coin avec la plus grande augmentation linéaire d'épaisseur le long d'une seconde direction (R2) de la ligne de raccordement la plus courte entre le bord inférieur (U3) et le bord supérieur (O3). Selon la présente invention, la couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (4) présente, dans au moins une région, une couche opaque imprimée (5).
PCT/EP2021/065814 2020-06-16 2021-06-11 Vitre composite Ceased WO2021254910A1 (fr)

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