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WO2018122770A1 - Matériau d'obscurcissement ayant une résistance et une qualité optique supérieures pour stratifié automobile - Google Patents

Matériau d'obscurcissement ayant une résistance et une qualité optique supérieures pour stratifié automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018122770A1
WO2018122770A1 PCT/IB2017/058469 IB2017058469W WO2018122770A1 WO 2018122770 A1 WO2018122770 A1 WO 2018122770A1 IB 2017058469 W IB2017058469 W IB 2017058469W WO 2018122770 A1 WO2018122770 A1 WO 2018122770A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
obscuration
laminate
glass
black
printed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2017/058469
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2018122770A9 (fr
Inventor
Mario Arturo MANNHEIM ASTETE
Vincenzo Mannino
Charles S. VOETZEL
Laura Granados Caro
Philip Denton Gordon
Elena MENDOZA CARRANZA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGP America SA
Original Assignee
AGP America SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/393,584 external-priority patent/US10780674B2/en
Priority claimed from US15/498,852 external-priority patent/US10710340B2/en
Application filed by AGP America SA filed Critical AGP America SA
Publication of WO2018122770A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018122770A1/fr
Publication of WO2018122770A9 publication Critical patent/WO2018122770A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
    • B32B17/10284—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques on intermediate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
    • B32B17/10275—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques on interlayer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate

Definitions

  • the presently disclosed invention is directed to a laminated automotive glazing having an obscuration that has superior optical quality and strength as well as the method used to create said glazing.
  • Black enamel frit obscurations are commonly printed on laminated and tempered automotive safety glazing.
  • the obscuration must be substantially opaque. This is needed to prevent the adhesive, used to mount the glazing to the vehicle, from being seen from the outside of the vehicle. It must also protect the adhesive from the harmful effects of ultra-violet.
  • the obscuration also serves this same function for the equipment attached to the inside surface of the glazing. On heated and coated glazing, the obscuration is used to hide the edge of the coating, bus bars, leads and any other items that would detract from the appearance of the vehicle.
  • the obscuration also has the additional aesthetic requirement that it have a dark black color and a reflective glossy appearance.
  • the obscuration In addition to hiding the adhesive, equipment mounted to the glazing and other items the obscuration must be durable. It must last for the life of the glazing, without fading, having a reduction in adhesion or otherwise failing. Another important functional requirement is that the obscuration must protect the adhesives from the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
  • the obscurations are usually printed on the surface 24 of glass facing the inside of the vehicle.
  • markings required for regulatory compliance date, manufacturer, compliance classification, model, etc.
  • images such as trademarks, barcodes etc.
  • butyl strip system was that the strip was narrow enough to be covered by a molding or trim strip to obscure the butyl and the vehicle mounting flange.
  • the rubber channel also did not require an edge obscuration as the rubber covered both the edge of glass and the flange.
  • Black enamel frit is comprised of pigments, a carrier, binders and finely ground glass. Other materials are also sometimes added to enhance certain properties: the firing temperate, anti- stick, chemical resistance, etc.
  • the black frit is applied to the glass using a silk screen or ink jet printing process prior to heating and bending. During the bending process, the finely ground glass in the frit soften and fuses with the glass surface. The frit is said to be "fired” when this takes place. This is very similar to the process used to apply enamel finishes on bathroom fixtures, pottery, china and appliances. Metals and many other types of materials have an ultimate yield strength at which point the material will fail. However, with glass we can only specify a probability of breakage for a given value of stress. Looking at glass at the molecular level, we would expect the strength to be very high. In fact, what we find in practice is that glass has a very high compressive strength, as expected, but very low tensile strength.
  • the point of failure at first glance might appear to be a random variable.
  • the yield point follows a Weibull distribution and the probability of breakage can be calculated as a function of, stress, duration, surface area, surface defects and the modulus of glass.
  • float glass appears to be near perfect. Any defects that may be present as so small as to not be visible. But, in fact, at the microscopic level, the surface appears rough and can be seen to be dotted with flaws. When the glass is placed in tension, these surface defects tend to open up and expand, eventually leading to failure. Therefore, laminated automotive glass almost always fails in tension. Even when not in tension, the surface defects react with the moisture in the environment and slowly "grow" over time. This phenomenon is known as slow crack growth. As a result, glass weakens as it ages. A fired black frit increases surface defects. This can be seen if the black pigment of a fired black obscuration is chemically dissolved.
  • the surface of glass will have a frosted appearance, similar to sand blasted or chemically etched glass.
  • the frosted appearance is due to the myriad surface defects present from the fused glass. This makes the surface weaker increasing the probability of breakage. Testing has shown that glass with black frit fails at a stress level that is substantially lower than glass that does not have black frit.
  • Obscurations used with glass mounted camera systems are forced to designate a "buffer" zone 15 between the edge of the camera field of view 16 and the edge of the black frit 8 (FIG. 9a) to exclude the burn line. This is an accommodation required due to the limitations of the black frit. The ideal would be to have no buffer zone 15 as the larger obscuration reduces the driver field of view and the natural light entering the vehicle (FIG. 9b).
  • dot fadeout One method used to address the burn line problem is the dot fadeout. Starting at the inner solid edge of the black paint, rows of increasingly smaller dots are painted on the glass. This is the same principle as used in greyscale printing. This reduces the rate of change in the surface temperature, spreading it over a wider area.
  • the dot fadeout also helps to hide the distortion. However, on some parts, even a wide dot fadeout is not sufficient to eliminate all distortion. A wide dot fadeout also may not be possible depending upon the size of the opening and the regulatory requirements for driver vision. Dot fadeout patterns are also undesirable in that they increase the production cost of the glazing.
  • a laminate is comprised of at least two layers of glass.
  • the frit is typically applied to only one of the glass layers. This can result is a slight difference in the shape of the surfaces. When the two surfaces are forced together during lamination, the mismatch results in residual stress in the laminate and optical distortion.
  • the wiper rest position on many vehicles is located out of sight below the hood line.
  • the bottom edge of the windshield is extended to form a "wiper rest” 31 so as to provide a resting surface for the wipers when not in use as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
  • This area is typically obscured with a black enamel frit 31 extending downward and connecting to the black band. The width of this area can be in excess of 15cm.
  • This area is also normally heated, to prevent snow and ice from building up, using a screen print conductive silver on the number four 24 surface of the glass.
  • the rain sensor must have a lens optically coupled to the number four 24 surface of the windshield.
  • An IR LED shines light onto the number one 21 surface.
  • the amount of light reflected back correlates to the amount of water present on the number one 21 surface.
  • the field of view of the lens must be in the area cleared by the wipers in order to function properly. Therefore, the lens is generally mounted on or near the vertical centerline near the top of the wiped area. Power and signal wiring is required for the sensor to work.
  • the senor comprises a housing 12 and a cover 14 all of which need to be hidden from view from the outside of the vehicle to avoid an unsightly clutter appearance.
  • the rear view mirror itself has undergone a major transformation.
  • electro-chromic automatic dimming rear-view mirrors have become a popular option and are standard equipment on many models.
  • the additional components required to provide this functionality make the mirror heavier and therefore require a larger footprint mounting bracket than a standard non-dimming mirror.
  • the rear-view mirror has further evolved as telematics driver aid systems, integrated garage door openers and hands free blue-tooth interfaces have been introduced.
  • the rear view mirror is a convention place to locate control push-buttons and microphones which require additional wires which also must be protected and covered. Power also needs to be provided to the mirror.
  • a cover is often provided to protect the cable and to hide it from the inside of the vehicle.
  • covers 14 and various styling methods can be used to obscure the components and cables from the inside, we also need to maintain clean lines and a good aesthetic when the vehicle is viewed from the exterior.
  • Standard practice has been to extend the black enamel frit band 32 to create an obscuration 8 on the number four 24 surface with openings in the obscuration 30 to provide for the required field of view as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
  • the black enamel frit band 32 is extended downward from the top center black band to create an obscuration 8 on the number two 22 or number four surface 24, distortion and stress can become a major problem FIG. 1. This is because the black frit is extending further from the edge into the area that where more heat must be applied to bend the glass. The large surface area of the obscuration increases the probability of breakage due to the surface defects and stress introduced by the frit. This is also a critical viewing area.
  • a panoramic windshield is a windshield in which the top edge of glass has been extended to include at least a portion of the roof giving the driver a vertical field of vision of at least 45 degrees as defined by the applicable regulatory standards.
  • the problem is even more pronounced as the obscuration 8 extends several cm from the top edge and is located near the weakest point of the windshield. This is also where the highest temperatures are required to bend the glass.
  • a screen print enamel frit provides a high degree of protection from UV which is needed to protect the polyurethane used to bond the glazing to the vehicle opening.
  • Inks printed on the interlayer do not have the same level of opacity and UV blocking ability that the black enamel frits do. They also do not provide the deep black glossy appearance of a fired black frit. This failure is due to the limited types of ink that are available for printing on interlayers.
  • One of the primary functions of the interlayer is to serve as the adhesive to hold the sheets of glass together.
  • the interlayer In the event of an accident, the interlayer holds the shards of glass together and helps to prevent the occupant from being ejected. In the event of an impact from the exterior of the vehicle, the interlayer helps to prevent the projectile from penetrating and entering the cabin. Penetration resistance is a key requirement for regulatory compliance. Any ink applied to the interlayer, must not interfere with this essential safety function. The interlayer must be able to bond to the glass through the print. Adhesion promoters are often needed even with the best ink formulations. This requirement severely limits the type of inks that can be used.
  • Interlayer sheets do not lend themselves well to the automated feed systems of typical printing equipment.
  • the various materials used to produce interlayer sheets are all thermo plastics with glass transition points in the room temperature range or lower. As such, the sheets are limp and difficult to work with.
  • the surface of interlayers for lamination also need to be embossed to facilitate handling and the lamination process. It is difficult to print on an embossed surface.
  • the subject of the immediate invention is a laminated automotive glazing with a least one obscuration produced by printing the obscuration directly onto at least one surface of at least one sheet of a plastic film or on the interlayer itself.
  • thermoplastic interlayer 4 such as a PVB, EVA or PU.
  • a laminating resin can be used.
  • Other markings and images can also be printed on the sheet 17.
  • a wedge interlayer can be used to further improve double image.
  • the unaltered original surface of the interlayer is able to bond to the glass and retains its original adhesion to the glass.
  • the addition of the film 17 increases the penetration resistance of the laminate.
  • the printed area of the sheet does not need to have as high of a level of adhesion to the interlay er as the interlay er needs to have to the glass.
  • the interlayer does not have to maintain adhesion through the print and adhesion promoters are not needed for the film.
  • the primary requirement is that the ink have good adhesion to the film and to the interlayer. This opens the possibility to use a wider range of inks than possible than with inks that need to be printed directly onto an interlayer.
  • Laminates made in this manner are stronger and have superior optical quality, especially in the areas of the laminate used by cameras.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical automotive windshield with a black band obscuration 32, a wiper rest obscuration 31 and an equipment obscuration 34 extending downward from the black band obscuration, having openings 30 to provide a forward field of view for two cameras.
  • FIG. 2 shows an automotive windshield with a black band 32, a wiper rest obscuration 31 and an obscuration 34 separated from the black band, having openings 30 to provide a forward field of view for two cameras 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows a panoramic automotive windshield with a black band 32. , a wiper rest obscuration 31 and an obscuration 34 separated from the black band, having openings 30 to provide a forward field of view for two cameras.
  • FIG. 4 shows the obscuration 8 of the prior art, a black enamel frit applied to the fourth surface 24.
  • FIG. 5 shows the obscuration 8 printed on the film 17 facing the third surface 23.
  • FIG. 6 shows the obscuration 8 printed on both side of the film 17.
  • FIG. 7 consists of:
  • FIG. 7A shows a laminate with interlayers of uniform thickness.
  • FIG. 7B shows a laminate with one interlayer sheet of uniform thickness and one with a wedge angle greater than zero.
  • FIG. 7C shows a laminate with two interlayer sheets having a wedge angle greater than zero.
  • FIG. 8 consists of:
  • FIG. 8A shows the path of light through a laminate with interlayers of uniform thickness.
  • FIG. 8B shows the path of light through a laminate with interlayers having a wedge angle greater than zero.
  • FIG. 9 consists of: FIG. 9A shows a black frit obscuration 8 and the buffer zone 15 between the black frit and camera field of view 16.
  • FIG. 9B shows an obscuration 8 printed on film with no buffer zone 15 between the black frit and camera field of view 16.
  • FIG. 10 shows a graph of the MTF measured in the upper camera area.
  • the invention eliminates the drawbacks associated with the black frit obscurations of the prior art by printing at least some of the obscurations on a plastic film layer which is then laminated as an integral part of the glazing. This allows for a more uniform heat distribution across the part during bending which reduces residual stresses and the associated surface mismatch, warping and distortion caused by the thermal gradients.
  • Film as used in this document shall refer to single ply/layer compositions as well as films comprised of multiple layers.
  • a common plastic used in such films is PET (polyethylene terephthalate) but as can be appreciated can be of any other composition found to be suitable can be used.
  • Some examples include but are not limited to: metal based heat reflecting films, non-metal based heat reflecting films, tint films, and heat absorbing films, Suspended Particle Device (SPD) films, Polymer Dispersed Liquid Chrystal (PDLC) films, conductive coated films, and ordinary PET.
  • SPD Suspended Particle Device
  • PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Chrystal
  • PET based automotive film products in production providing a ready base of field proven performance films that can be used as the film of the invention.
  • One of the most common and oldest has a heat reflecting coating for enhancing solar load control.
  • Others include but are not limited to: films used to improve occupant retention, stiffen the laminate and provide for variable control of visible light transmission.
  • An obscuration 16 can be printed on either or both sides of the film.
  • the obscurations of the immediate invention are not limited to inkjet printing as is the prior art.
  • the obscurations can be printed using inkjet, screen print, pad print or any other conventional printing means.
  • the obscurations can be printed on either or both sides of the film.
  • the unaltered original surface of the interlayer is able to bond to the glass and retains its adhesion to the glass.
  • the addition of the film 17 increases the penetration resistance of the laminate.
  • the printed area of the sheet does not need to have as high of a level of adhesion to the interlayer as the interlayer needs to have to the glass. This opens the possibility of uses a wider range of inks than possible than with inks that need to be printed directly onto an interlayer.
  • UV inks were tested using screen-printing. Solvent inks and UV inks for screen-printing process were evaluated. Both, UV and solvent inks had good durability results. Both inks also presented good adhesion results on PET penetrating into the substrate and creating a permanent bond.
  • the UV ink was selected for prototype production due to the fast cure time, no need to add a catalyst and low volatile content. The UV ink is also ready to use with no need to add any catalyst and is instantly hardened by intense UV light polymerization (curing). The high reactivity of the ink delivered good curing results. UV ink properties give flexibility to work on large and small format printing. Surprisingly, it was found that obscurations printed in this manner also could be printed directly onto the interlayer.
  • the ink modifications included tuning the UV frequency response and removing silicon from the formulation. It was found that the silicon lead to delamination in the areas near the glass edge. Broad band UV was found to cause warping or modulus of the substrate due to over saturation of energy. Restricting the overall bandwidth to a specific wavelength enhanced the ability to cure the ink using less overall energy. The obscuration produced has a dark black color and a shiny gloss comparable to black frit.
  • the printed sheets are then cut to size and assembled into the laminate. For large scale production, roll to roll printing could be used. Protection of the polyurethane adhesive from UV is achieved thorough the opacity of the ink in combination with the use of a UV blocking interlayer. Such UV blocking interlayers are well known in the art and have been in common use for many years. To aid in the alignment of the printed sheet 17 when assembling the laminate, registration marks can be printed on the sheet 17.
  • Another benefit of the process is the ability to fine tune the optical properties and appearance of the laminate.
  • a near limitless range of colors can be produced. Properties in the non- visible portion of the spectrum can also be enhanced. Some performance films are sensitive and degrade over time, with exposure to the near UV. Additives that absorb or reflect the specific wavelengths of interest can be added to the ink to achieve targeted optical properties.
  • any difference in the appearance between the two may be noticeable.
  • separating the equipment obscuration 34 from the black band as shown in FIG. 2, will improve the aesthetic.
  • the transition line between the black band 32 and the wiper rest 31 will not generally be visible.
  • all of the detrimental effects of the black enamel frit on the glass are eliminated resulting in superior optical quality, lower stress, and a lower probability of breakage.
  • the elimination of the non-uniform heating and high thermal gradient present in the black frit areas increases yields through the bending process and also, due to the higher strength and lower surface mismatch, increases yields through the lamination process.
  • Distortion in windshields is measured in terms of refractive power.
  • Refractive power is the change in the angular deviation along over distance. At a high enough level, it can result in noticeable optical distortion.
  • the refractive power is expressed in diopters.
  • ⁇ angle formed between the ray of light 42 and a line perpendicular to the surface of the glazing 50
  • Laminates produced by this invention have significantly lower distortion in the areas near the obscurations as compared to the same and similar laminates produced with screen print black frit.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B Double image, another problem of the prior art, is illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
  • a ray of light 42 enters the surface of the glass at an incident angle 46 and passes through the glazing to the observer 41.
  • the light bends (refracts) as it passes through the glazing.
  • the angle by which the light bends is known as the angular deviation 52. This refraction of the light causes a shifting of the apparent position 43 of the object observed.
  • the separation angle 40 is the angle between the primary 43 and secondary image 44 and the observer 41. If the primary and secondary images are coincident, then the separation angle is zero. Regulatory requirements limit the separation angle to 15 minutes of arc for vision zone A (as defined by United Nations Regulation 42, revision 3) and 25 minutes of arc for vision zone B. However, it is well known that the maximum amount of double imaging imperceptible for the human eye is 7 minutes of arc.
  • the double image angle, ⁇ 40 is calculated as shown in equation 2. It increases with decreasing angle of inclination 56, increasing curvature of the glass surface 24 and with increasing size of the glazing.
  • the double image angle, ⁇ 40 can be reduced by altering the angle between the plies of glass as shown in FIG. 8B. Normally, the glass surfaces are substantially parallel to each other. By creating an angle 45 between the surfaces, the primary and secondary images can be shifted towards convergence.
  • the angle between the plies of glass is adjusted through the use of an interlayer that has a non-uniform thickness, typically tapering from a thickness greater than the standard 0.76 mm at or near the top of the glazing a lesser thickness at the bottom.
  • interlayers are produced through extrusion of the plastic.
  • Such interlayers are known as "wedge" interlayers. They can also be formed, to a lesser extent by shaping (stretching) of the interlayer. Shaping is typically done to create a curved sunshade 6.
  • Table 1 shows the wedge angle and reduction in thickness for a standard 0.76 mm thick interlayer over 1 meter as a function of sunshade radius.
  • wedge interlayer can be shaped to increase the wedge angle. Any combination of wedge and shaped interlayer can be used to obtain the desired results.
  • FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C show: a laminate with two standard interlayers, a laminate with one wedge interlayer and a laminate with two wedge interlayers.
  • Wedge interlayer can be used with a printed obscuration to further reduce double vision.
  • TABLE 1 Sunshade Radius vs. Wedge Angle
  • Enamel frit and printed ink can both be used on the same part and in any combination that is convenient.
  • the obscurations could be printed on the sheet 17, while the other markings and images can be made with a conventional black screen print.
  • the markings and images do not have the same detrimental effect as the obscuration prints, due to their small size and function.
  • Modulation Transfer Function is the most widely used scientific method of describing lens performance.
  • the modulation transfer function is, a measure of the transfer of modulation (or contrast) from the subject to the image. In other words, it measures how faithfully a lens reproduces (or transfers) detail from the object to the image produced by a lens.
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • Spatial frequency is the ability to resolve over distance and as contrast drops this ability gets weaker. Plotting in this X&Y gives us the total systems contrast and its ability to faithfully reproduce into the distance. This is especially important in semi-autonomous or autonomous driving vehicles as the focus will be the horizon and all images in the focal plane will need to be detectable both in shape and in size.
  • the windshield of FIG. 1 comprising a black enamel frit band 32, a black enamel frit wiper rest area 31 one wedge interlayer, and an equipment obscuration 8, 34 printed on one surface of the plastic sheet 17 (FIG. 5).
  • the windshield of FIG. 1 comprising a black enamel frit band 32, a black enamel frit wiper rest area 31 and an equipment obscuration 8, 34 printed on both surfaces of the film 17 (FIG. 6).
  • the windshield of FIG. 1 comprising a wiper rest 31, black band 32 and an equipment obscuration 8, 34 printed on one surface of the film 17 (FIG. 5).
  • the windshield of FIG. 1 comprising a wiper rest 31, black band 32 and an equipment obscuration 8, 34 printed on both surfaces of the film 17 (FIG. 6).
  • the windshield of FIG. 1 comprising a film 17, a wiper rest 31, black band 32 and an equipment obscuration 8, 34 printed on one surface of the film (FIG. 5).
  • a panoramic windshield (FIG. 3) with the equipment obscuration printing on one surface of the film 17 and an enamel frit wiper rest/black band.
  • a panoramic windshield (FIG. 3) comprising and equipment obscuration printed on both surfaces of the film 17 (FIG. 6).

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet de fournir un vitrage automobile stratifié qui présente une zone d'obscurcissement obtenue par impression du matériau d'obscurcissement sur un film stratifié entre au moins deux couches parmi des couches intermédiaires en plastique, ou directement sur la couche intermédiaire plutôt que par impression et cuisson d'une fritte d'émail sur le verre. Il en résulte un stratifié ayant une qualité optique supérieure, une meilleure résistance et une probabilité de rupture inférieure par comparaison avec un stratifié présentant un obscurcissement de fritte d'émail noire.
PCT/IB2017/058469 2016-12-29 2017-12-28 Matériau d'obscurcissement ayant une résistance et une qualité optique supérieures pour stratifié automobile Ceased WO2018122770A1 (fr)

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US15/393,584 US10780674B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2016-12-29 Obscuration having superior strength and optical quality for an automotive laminate
US15/393,584 2016-12-29
US15/498,852 US10710340B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2017-04-27 Obscuration having superior strength and optical quality for an automotive laminate
US15/498,852 2017-04-27

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WO2020165232A1 (fr) * 2019-02-13 2020-08-20 Agc Glass Europe Vitrage automobile ayant une qualité optique supérieure
WO2021254910A1 (fr) 2020-06-16 2021-12-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite
WO2021254976A1 (fr) 2020-06-16 2021-12-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite
WO2021254911A1 (fr) 2020-06-16 2021-12-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Couche intermédiaire multicouche cunéiforme présentant des propriétés d'amortissement acoustique
WO2022153068A1 (fr) * 2021-01-18 2022-07-21 Pilkington Group Limited Procédé de fabrication d'un vitrage et vitrage
WO2022161894A1 (fr) 2021-01-26 2022-08-04 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre de véhicule pour un affichage tête haute
EP3904307A4 (fr) * 2018-12-28 2022-09-21 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Couche intercalaire de verre feuilleté, corps de rouleau, et procédé de fabrication d'un verre feuilleté
WO2022268691A1 (fr) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage feuilleté comportant un film fonctionnel à impression opaque
WO2023041915A1 (fr) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-23 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage feuilleté
WO2024046729A1 (fr) 2022-08-31 2024-03-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite comprenant un élément fonctionnel intégré

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WO2019064279A1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Agp America S.A. Stratifié de verre à obscurcissement d'incrustation présentant une résistance et une qualité optique supérieures
US11618236B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2023-04-04 Agp America S.A. Glass laminate with inlay obscuration having superior strength and optical quality
EP3904307A4 (fr) * 2018-12-28 2022-09-21 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Couche intercalaire de verre feuilleté, corps de rouleau, et procédé de fabrication d'un verre feuilleté
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WO2021254911A1 (fr) 2020-06-16 2021-12-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Couche intermédiaire multicouche cunéiforme présentant des propriétés d'amortissement acoustique
DE202021004143U1 (de) 2020-06-16 2022-10-19 Saint-Gobain Glass France Keilförmige mehrlagige Zwischenschicht mit akustisch dämpfenden Eigenschaften
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WO2021254976A1 (fr) 2020-06-16 2021-12-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite
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WO2021254910A1 (fr) 2020-06-16 2021-12-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite
WO2022153068A1 (fr) * 2021-01-18 2022-07-21 Pilkington Group Limited Procédé de fabrication d'un vitrage et vitrage
WO2022161894A1 (fr) 2021-01-26 2022-08-04 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre de véhicule pour un affichage tête haute
WO2022268691A1 (fr) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage feuilleté comportant un film fonctionnel à impression opaque
DE202022002921U1 (de) 2021-06-25 2024-01-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Verbundscheibe mit Funktionsfolie mit opakem Aufdruck
WO2023041915A1 (fr) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-23 Pilkington Group Limited Vitrage feuilleté
WO2024046729A1 (fr) 2022-08-31 2024-03-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre composite comprenant un élément fonctionnel intégré

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