WO2020125305A1 - Series-connected integrated temperature and vibration sensor employing blazed grating and fiber bragg grating optical fiber - Google Patents
Series-connected integrated temperature and vibration sensor employing blazed grating and fiber bragg grating optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020125305A1 WO2020125305A1 PCT/CN2019/119337 CN2019119337W WO2020125305A1 WO 2020125305 A1 WO2020125305 A1 WO 2020125305A1 CN 2019119337 W CN2019119337 W CN 2019119337W WO 2020125305 A1 WO2020125305 A1 WO 2020125305A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of integrated temperature and vibration sensors, and in particular relates to an optical fiber temperature and vibration series integrated sensor based on a blazed grating and a fiber grating.
- Rail locomotive vehicles need to monitor the running status of bearings, gear boxes, motors and other components through integrated temperature and vibration sensors. Due to the high temperature of the detected part, the existing sensors generally adopt the piezoelectric principle for acceleration monitoring and the platinum resistance for temperature monitoring.
- the Chinese patent with publication number CN01233313 discloses a temperature-vibration digital-analog composite sensor.
- the sensor housing is packaged with a digital temperature-sensitive device, a piezoelectric wafer and a circuit board.
- Bootstrap bias circuit, gain control circuit and voltage-current conversion circuit, the sensor realizes the input and output of temperature signal, vibration signal, automatic control signal and power supply in digital mode and current mode and three-wire system, with strong anti-interference ability and good frequency response
- the advantages of normalization processing that facilitates sensor sensitivity adjustment, etc. have higher reliability and cost performance than existing technologies.
- the connector is prone to malfunction due to water ingress, oxidation, etc.
- the purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, and proposes a zero-point drift, strong anti-electromagnetic interference, no electrical noise, high measurement accuracy, high connection reliability based on blazed grating and optical fiber Grating fiber optic temperature vibration series integrated sensor.
- a fiber optic temperature vibration series integrated sensor based on blazed grating and fiber grating including:
- the outer shell is provided with a fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structure
- One end of the optical cable extends into the housing and leads out an optical fiber, which is the optical fiber and the optical fiber respectively.
- the optical fiber grating is engraved on the optical fiber, and the blazed grating vibration measurement structure is connected to the optical fiber.
- it also includes a bending protection structure connected between the optical cable and the housing.
- the bending protection structure includes a connector tail sleeve, a bending member provided at the lower end of the connector tail sleeve;
- both the connector tail sleeve and the bending part are respectively provided with through holes for the optical cable to pass through, and a bending part connected with the housing is provided outside the bending part.
- the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes:
- the base the blazed grating arranged horizontally on the base, the collimating lens, cantilever beam and the mass arranged perpendicular to the blazed grating;
- the collimating lens is connected to the end of the optical fiber passing through the base and installed on the mass;
- One end of the cantilever beam is connected above the base, and the other end of the cantilever beam is connected to the mass.
- the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes a base, a grating sensing structure hingedly connected to the base, and a collimating lens disposed above the grating sensing structure; both the collimating lens and the mirror are disposed on the base;
- the grating sensing structure includes: a mass block and a blazed grating attached to the upper surface of the mass block; the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base.
- the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged on the upper right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged at the lower part of the right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the upper part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the embodiments of the present invention can produce at least the following technical effects:
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a first structural schematic diagram of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a second structural diagram of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view 3 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view 4 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view 5 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view 6 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram 7 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view 8 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical fiber temperature vibration series integrated sensor based on blazed grating and fiber grating includes:
- the outer shell is provided with a fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structure
- One end of the optical cable extends into the housing and leads out an optical fiber, which is the optical fiber and the optical fiber respectively.
- the optical fiber grating is engraved on the optical fiber, and the blazed grating vibration measurement structure is connected to the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber temperature vibration series integrated sensor based on blazed grating and fiber grating uses a two-core optical cable.
- the optical cable contains a single-core single-mode optical fiber.
- One end of the optical cable extends into the inside of the housing and leads out All the way to fiber;
- a fiber grating is engraved on the upper part of the fiber; a blazed grating vibration measurement structure is connected to the end of the fiber.
- the equivalent pitch of the fiber grating engraved on the fiber changes, which further changes the peak wavelength of the reflection, and further obtains the temperature change to realize the function of temperature measurement.
- the angle between the blazed grating inside the blazed grating vibration measurement structure and the collimating lens on the optical fiber changes, resulting in the reflection peak of the blazed grating
- the wavelength changes to realize the vibration measurement function.
- two independent fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structures are respectively provided on the one-way optical fiber led from one end of the optical cable in the sensor housing, and the fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structures are arranged in parallel to achieve the purpose of integrating fiber temperature and vibration And, this sensor uses the blazed grating vibration measurement structure to perform vibration measurement.
- the zero point drift is small, no maintenance and calibration is required during a long life cycle, and it is resistant to electromagnetic interference. Strong, no electrical noise, high measurement accuracy, and high connection reliability.
- it also includes a bending protection structure connected between the optical cable and the housing.
- the bending protection structure includes a connector tail sleeve, a bending member provided at the lower end of the connector tail sleeve;
- both the connector tail sleeve and the bending part are respectively provided with through holes for the optical cable to pass through, and a bending part connected with the housing is provided outside the bending part.
- the optical cable is a flexible object, and the outer shell is a rigid object. After a long period of contact, the contact and friction between the optical cable and the outer shell will cause the optical cable to be damaged. Therefore, the bending protection structure provided can make the contact between the optical cable and the outer shell excessive. , Reduce the damage of the optical cable, and the connection reliability is high.
- the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes:
- the base the blazed grating arranged horizontally on the base, the collimating lens, cantilever beam and the mass arranged perpendicular to the blazed grating;
- the collimating lens is connected to the end of the optical fiber passing through the base and installed on the mass;
- One end of the cantilever beam is connected above the base, and the other end of the cantilever beam is connected to the mass.
- the blazed grating remains stationary, is horizontally arranged on the base, the optical fiber and the collimating lens are installed on the mass, and are connected with the rigid base through the cantilever beam.
- the light of the optical fiber After being focused by the collimator lens, the light of the optical fiber is irradiated above the blazed grating, reflected by the blazed grating, and then returned to the optical fiber again.
- the mass shifts, resulting in a change in the angle between the fiber and the blazed grating.
- the acceleration change of the fiber axis can be measured.
- the blazed grating can be set at 45 degrees to the optical fiber
- the blazed grating remains stationary, is horizontally mounted on the base, the optical fiber and collimating lens are mounted on the mass, and are connected to the rigid base through the cantilever beam.
- the light of the optical fiber After being focused by the collimator lens, the light of the optical fiber is irradiated above the blazed grating, reflected by the blazed grating, and then returned to the optical fiber again.
- the mass shifts, causing the angle between the fiber and the blazed grating to change.
- the acceleration change of the fiber axis can be measured.
- the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes a base, a grating sensing structure hingedly connected to the base, a collimating lens and a reflecting mirror disposed above the grating sensing structure;
- the collimating lens and the reflecting mirror are both set on the base;
- the grating sensing structure includes: a mass block and a blazed grating attached to the upper surface of the mass block.
- the blazed grating is attached to the upper surface of the mass. Further, in this embodiment, the blazed grating is connected to the rigid base through a preset resistance material plate, and one end of the blazed grating is hingedly fixed to the base through a rotating shaft.
- the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base; as shown in Figure 5, where the grating sensing structure and the optical fiber are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, the light on the optical fiber is emitted onto the blazed grating through the collimating lens, The blazed grating then reflects the light back to the fiber.
- the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
- the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged on the upper right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the blazed grating can be installed with a reflector in front of the fiber collimating lens.
- the angle between the reflector and the blazed grating is 67.5 degrees. After the straight lens is focused, it passes through the mirror to reflect the light onto the blazed grating, and then is reflected again by the blazed grating to return to the original path and return to the optical fiber.
- the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
- the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged at the lower part of the right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the light emitted by the optical fiber is focused by a collimating lens and then passes through a reflector to reflect the light onto the blazed grating, and then reflected by the blazed grating again to return to the original path and return to the optical fiber.
- the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
- the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the upper part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the reflector is placed directly under the collimator lens, and the light of the optical fiber is focused on the collimator lens and irradiated on the mirror, the mirror The light is reflected onto the blazed grating, and the blazed grating returns the received light back to the optical fiber.
- the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
- the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the reflector is located directly under the collimator lens, and the light of the optical fiber is focused on the collimator lens and irradiated on the mirror, the mirror The light is reflected onto the blazed grating, and the blazed grating returns the received light back to the optical fiber of the path.
- the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
- the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, and no reflecting mirror is provided, and the grating sensing structure is arranged under the collimating lens.
- the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
- the relative position of the grating sensing structure and the optical fiber can be set according to the requirements to realize the measurement of the axial vibration of the optical fiber and further the measurement of the acceleration, which has a wide practical range.
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Abstract
Description
本发明属于温度振动一体传感器技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于闪耀光栅和光纤光栅的光纤温振串联一体传感器。The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated temperature and vibration sensors, and in particular relates to an optical fiber temperature and vibration series integrated sensor based on a blazed grating and a fiber grating.
轨道机车车辆需要通过温振一体传感器对轴承、齿轮箱、电机等部件的运行状态进行监测。由于被检测部位的温度较高，现有的传感器一般采用压电原理进行加速度监测，采用铂电阻进行温度监测。Rail locomotive vehicles need to monitor the running status of bearings, gear boxes, motors and other components through integrated temperature and vibration sensors. Due to the high temperature of the detected part, the existing sensors generally adopt the piezoelectric principle for acceleration monitoring and the platinum resistance for temperature monitoring.
例如公开号为CN01233313的中国专利，公开了一种温度振动数模复合传感器,传感器壳体内封装有数字温度敏感器件和压电晶片及电路板,其特征是电路板含有电源电路、阻抗变换电路、自举偏置电路、增益控制电路和电压电流转换电路,传感器以数字方式和电流方式及三线制实现温度信号、振动信号、自动控制信号和电源的输入输出,具有抗干扰能力强、频率响应好和便于传感器灵敏度调节等的归一化处理的优点,较现有技术有更高的可靠性和性能价格比。For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN01233313 discloses a temperature-vibration digital-analog composite sensor. The sensor housing is packaged with a digital temperature-sensitive device, a piezoelectric wafer and a circuit board. Bootstrap bias circuit, gain control circuit and voltage-current conversion circuit, the sensor realizes the input and output of temperature signal, vibration signal, automatic control signal and power supply in digital mode and current mode and three-wire system, with strong anti-interference ability and good frequency response And the advantages of normalization processing that facilitates sensor sensitivity adjustment, etc., have higher reliability and cost performance than existing technologies.
然而现有技术中的温振一体的传感器，存在以下问题：However, the temperature and vibration integrated sensor in the prior art has the following problems:
(1)通过压电晶体测量加速度，压电晶体表面会产生电荷累积，长时间使用会导致零点偏移，需要定期的进行传感器维护，进行电荷的释放与重新校准，给维护带来很大的麻烦。(1) The acceleration is measured by the piezoelectric crystal, and the charge accumulation will occur on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal. Long-term use will lead to zero offset. It is necessary to perform regular sensor maintenance, charge release and re-calibration, which brings great maintenance trouble.
(2)受电磁干扰、采样精度等影响，对弱信号检出能力差，同时列车运行环境中存在强振动，电缆线的振动会带来电噪声耦合，加剧了这种影响，导致传感器的测量精度较差。(2) Affected by electromagnetic interference, sampling accuracy, etc., the ability to detect weak signals is poor. At the same time, there is strong vibration in the train operating environment. The vibration of the cable will bring electrical noise coupling, which exacerbates this effect, resulting in the measurement accuracy of the sensor. Poor.
(3)现有技术中的焊点易因振动而发生故障。(3) Solder joints in the prior art are prone to failure due to vibration.
(4)连接器易因进水、氧化等原因而发生故障。(4) The connector is prone to malfunction due to water ingress, oxidation, etc.
(5)体积大，结构组装困难。(5) Large volume and difficulty in assembling the structure.
综上所述，需要提出一种体积小，结构组装简单的以及零点漂移较小，测量精度高，使用稳定性强的温振一体传感器。In summary, it is necessary to provide a temperature and vibration integrated sensor with small volume, simple structure and assembly, small zero drift, high measurement accuracy, and strong stability.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有的技术存在上述问题，提出了一种零点漂移较小，抗电磁干扰能力强，无电噪声，具有较高的测量精度，连接可靠性高的基于闪耀光栅和光纤光栅的光纤温振串联一体传感器。The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, and proposes a zero-point drift, strong anti-electromagnetic interference, no electrical noise, high measurement accuracy, high connection reliability based on blazed grating and optical fiber Grating fiber optic temperature vibration series integrated sensor.
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：一种基于闪耀光栅和光纤光栅的光纤温振串联一体传感器，包括：The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A fiber optic temperature vibration series integrated sensor based on blazed grating and fiber grating, including:
外壳，其内部设置有光纤光栅和闪耀光栅振动测量结构；The outer shell is provided with a fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structure;
光缆,其一端伸入外壳内部并引出一路光纤，分别为该路光纤和该路光纤，所述光纤光栅刻在该路光纤上，所述闪耀光栅振动测量结构和该路光纤连接。One end of the optical cable extends into the housing and leads out an optical fiber, which is the optical fiber and the optical fiber respectively. The optical fiber grating is engraved on the optical fiber, and the blazed grating vibration measurement structure is connected to the optical fiber.
进一步地，还包括连接在光缆和外壳之间的折弯保护结构。Further, it also includes a bending protection structure connected between the optical cable and the housing.
进一步地，所述折弯保护结构包括连接器尾套，设置在连接器尾套下端的折弯部件；Further, the bending protection structure includes a connector tail sleeve, a bending member provided at the lower end of the connector tail sleeve;
连接器尾套、折弯部件二者的内部分别设有供光缆穿过的通孔，在折弯部件外侧设置有和外壳连接的折弯部。The inside of both the connector tail sleeve and the bending part are respectively provided with through holes for the optical cable to pass through, and a bending part connected with the housing is provided outside the bending part.
进一步地，闪耀光栅振动测量结构包括：Further, the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes:
基座、水平设置在基座上的闪耀光栅，与闪耀光栅垂直设置的准直透镜、悬臂梁和质量块；The base, the blazed grating arranged horizontally on the base, the collimating lens, cantilever beam and the mass arranged perpendicular to the blazed grating;
所述准直透镜和穿过基座的光纤末端连接并安装在质量块上；The collimating lens is connected to the end of the optical fiber passing through the base and installed on the mass;
所述悬臂梁的一端和基座上方连接，所述悬臂梁的另一端和质量块连接。One end of the cantilever beam is connected above the base, and the other end of the cantilever beam is connected to the mass.
进一步地，闪耀光栅振动测量结构包括基座、和基座铰接连接的光栅感应结构、设置在光栅感应结构上方的准直透镜；所述准直透镜和反光镜均设置在基座上；Further, the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes a base, a grating sensing structure hingedly connected to the base, and a collimating lens disposed above the grating sensing structure; both the collimating lens and the mirror are disposed on the base;
所述光栅感应结构包括：质量块和贴在质量块上表面的闪耀光栅；光栅感应结构水平设置在基座上。The grating sensing structure includes: a mass block and a blazed grating attached to the upper surface of the mass block; the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base.
进一步地，光栅感应结构水平设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构右侧的上部以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged on the upper right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
进一步地，光栅感应结构水平设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构的右侧的下部以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged at the lower part of the right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
进一步地，光栅感应结构竖直设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构上部的右侧以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the upper part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
进一步地，光栅感应结构竖直设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构下部的右侧 以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
基于上述技术方案，本发明实施例至少可以产生如下技术效果：Based on the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present invention can produce at least the following technical effects:
(1)传感器的零点漂移较小，在较长的生命周期内无需进行维护和校准；(1) The zero drift of the sensor is small, and maintenance and calibration are not required in a long life cycle;
(2)抗电磁干扰能力强，无电噪声，具有较高的测量精度；(2) Strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, no electrical noise, and high measurement accuracy;
(3)连接可靠性高。(3) High connection reliability.
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明，其中：The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:
图1是本发明一较佳实施例的剖视图。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图一。FIG. 2 is a first structural schematic diagram of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图二。FIG. 3 is a second structural diagram of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图三。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view 3 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图四。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view 4 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图6是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图五。6 is a schematic structural view 5 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图7是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图六。7 is a schematic structural view 6 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图8是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图七。8 is a structural schematic diagram 7 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图9是本发明一较佳实施例中闪耀光栅振动测量结构的结构示意图八。9 is a schematic structural view 8 of a blazed grating vibration measurement structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图中，100、光缆；110、光纤；200、外壳；300、折弯保护结构；400、光纤连接器；500、光纤光栅；600、闪耀光栅振动测量结构；610、光栅感应结构；611、闪耀光栅；612、质量块；613、旋转轴；614、反射镜；700、准直透镜；800、基座；900、悬臂梁。In the picture, 100, optical cable; 110, optical fiber; 200, housing; 300, bending protection structure; 400, fiber optic connector; 500, fiber grating; 600, blazed grating vibration measurement structure; 610, grating induction structure; 611, blaze Grating; 612, mass; 613, axis of rotation; 614, mirror; 700, collimating lens; 800, base; 900, cantilever.
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
下面结合图1至图9对本发明提供的技术方案进行更为详细的阐述。The technical solution provided by the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9.
如图1至图9所示，本基于闪耀光栅和光纤光栅的光纤温振串联一体传感器，包括：As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the optical fiber temperature vibration series integrated sensor based on blazed grating and fiber grating includes:
外壳，其内部设置有光纤光栅和闪耀光栅振动测量结构；The outer shell is provided with a fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structure;
光缆,其一端伸入外壳内部并引出一路光纤，分别为该路光纤和该路光纤，所述光纤光栅刻在该路光纤上，所述闪耀光栅振动测量结构和该路光纤连接。One end of the optical cable extends into the housing and leads out an optical fiber, which is the optical fiber and the optical fiber respectively. The optical fiber grating is engraved on the optical fiber, and the blazed grating vibration measurement structure is connected to the optical fiber.
如图1所示，本基于闪耀光栅和光纤光栅的光纤温振串联一体传感器，其传感器采用两芯光缆，光缆中包含有单芯单模光纤，所述光缆,其一端伸入外壳内部并引出一路光纤；As shown in Figure 1, the optical fiber temperature vibration series integrated sensor based on blazed grating and fiber grating uses a two-core optical cable. The optical cable contains a single-core single-mode optical fiber. One end of the optical cable extends into the inside of the housing and leads out All the way to fiber;
其中光纤上部刻有光纤光栅；光纤末端上连接有一个闪耀光栅振动测量结构。A fiber grating is engraved on the upper part of the fiber; a blazed grating vibration measurement structure is connected to the end of the fiber.
其中当感应的温度发生变化时，刻在光纤上的光纤光栅的等效栅距发生变化，进一步地使得反射峰值波长发生变化，进一步地得到温度的变化，实现温度测量的功能。When the induced temperature changes, the equivalent pitch of the fiber grating engraved on the fiber changes, which further changes the peak wavelength of the reflection, and further obtains the temperature change to realize the function of temperature measurement.
当外界发生振动时，其中外界振动传递到闪耀光栅振动测量结构后，闪耀光栅振动测量结构内部的闪耀光栅与光纤上的准直透镜之间的夹角发生变化，从而导致闪耀光栅的反射峰值的波长发生改变，从而实现振动测量功能。When the external vibration occurs and the external vibration is transmitted to the blazed grating vibration measurement structure, the angle between the blazed grating inside the blazed grating vibration measurement structure and the collimating lens on the optical fiber changes, resulting in the reflection peak of the blazed grating The wavelength changes to realize the vibration measurement function.
本实施例中，通过在传感器外壳内部光缆一端引出的一路光纤上分别设置两个独立的光纤光栅和闪耀光栅振动测量结构，光纤光栅和闪耀光栅振动测量结构并联设置，实现光纤温振一体的目的，并且本传感器利用闪耀光栅振动测量结构进行振动测量，相比现有技术中的压电原理进行振动测量，零点漂移较小，在较长的生命周期内无需进行维护和校准，抗电磁干扰能力强，无电噪声，具有较高的测量精度，并且其连接可靠性高。In this embodiment, two independent fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structures are respectively provided on the one-way optical fiber led from one end of the optical cable in the sensor housing, and the fiber grating and blazed grating vibration measurement structures are arranged in parallel to achieve the purpose of integrating fiber temperature and vibration And, this sensor uses the blazed grating vibration measurement structure to perform vibration measurement. Compared with the piezoelectric principle in the prior art for vibration measurement, the zero point drift is small, no maintenance and calibration is required during a long life cycle, and it is resistant to electromagnetic interference. Strong, no electrical noise, high measurement accuracy, and high connection reliability.
进一步地，还包括连接在光缆和外壳之间的折弯保护结构。Further, it also includes a bending protection structure connected between the optical cable and the housing.
进一步地，所述折弯保护结构包括连接器尾套，设置在连接器尾套下端的折弯部件；Further, the bending protection structure includes a connector tail sleeve, a bending member provided at the lower end of the connector tail sleeve;
连接器尾套、折弯部件二者的内部分别设有供光缆穿过的通孔，在折弯部件外侧设置有和外壳连接的折弯部。The inside of both the connector tail sleeve and the bending part are respectively provided with through holes for the optical cable to pass through, and a bending part connected with the housing is provided outside the bending part.
其中光缆是柔性物体，外壳是刚性物体，经过长时间接触，光缆和外壳之间的接触和摩擦，会导致光缆破损，因此设置的折弯保护结构，能够使得光缆和外壳之间的接触进行过度，减少了光缆的破损程度，连接可靠性高。The optical cable is a flexible object, and the outer shell is a rigid object. After a long period of contact, the contact and friction between the optical cable and the outer shell will cause the optical cable to be damaged. Therefore, the bending protection structure provided can make the contact between the optical cable and the outer shell excessive. , Reduce the damage of the optical cable, and the connection reliability is high.
进一步地，闪耀光栅振动测量结构包括：Further, the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes:
基座、水平设置在基座上的闪耀光栅，与闪耀光栅垂直设置的准直透镜、悬臂梁和质量块；The base, the blazed grating arranged horizontally on the base, the collimating lens, cantilever beam and the mass arranged perpendicular to the blazed grating;
所述准直透镜和穿过基座的光纤末端连接并安装在质量块上；The collimating lens is connected to the end of the optical fiber passing through the base and installed on the mass;
所述悬臂梁的一端和基座上方连接，所述悬臂梁的另一端和质量块连接。One end of the cantilever beam is connected above the base, and the other end of the cantilever beam is connected to the mass.
其中闪耀光栅测量结构，有不同的实施方式，There are different implementations of the blazed grating measurement structure,
如图2所示，本闪耀光栅振动测量结构，闪耀光栅保持不动，水平设置在基座上，光纤及准直透镜安装在质量块上，通过悬臂梁与刚性基座相连。As shown in Fig. 2, in the blazed grating vibration measurement structure, the blazed grating remains stationary, is horizontally arranged on the base, the optical fiber and the collimating lens are installed on the mass, and are connected with the rigid base through the cantilever beam.
光纤的光通过准直透镜的聚焦后，照射在闪耀光栅上方，被闪耀光栅反射后再次回到 光纤中。After being focused by the collimator lens, the light of the optical fiber is irradiated above the blazed grating, reflected by the blazed grating, and then returned to the optical fiber again.
当有垂直于光纤轴向加速度发生时，质量块发生偏移，从而导致该路光纤与闪耀光栅之间的夹角发生变化。从而可以测量光纤轴向的加速度变化。When an acceleration perpendicular to the fiber axis occurs, the mass shifts, resulting in a change in the angle between the fiber and the blazed grating. Thus, the acceleration change of the fiber axis can be measured.
如图3所示，其中闪耀光栅可和光纤呈45度设置，闪耀光栅保持不动，水平设置在基座上，光纤及准直透镜安装在质量块上，通过悬臂梁与刚性基座相连。As shown in Figure 3, where the blazed grating can be set at 45 degrees to the optical fiber, the blazed grating remains stationary, is horizontally mounted on the base, the optical fiber and collimating lens are mounted on the mass, and are connected to the rigid base through the cantilever beam.
光纤的光通过准直透镜的聚焦后，照射在闪耀光栅上方，被闪耀光栅反射后再次回到光纤中。After being focused by the collimator lens, the light of the optical fiber is irradiated above the blazed grating, reflected by the blazed grating, and then returned to the optical fiber again.
当有垂直于光纤轴向加速度发生时，质量块发生偏移，从而导致光纤与闪耀光栅之间的夹角发生变化。从而可以测量光纤轴向的加速度变化。When acceleration occurs perpendicular to the fiber axis, the mass shifts, causing the angle between the fiber and the blazed grating to change. Thus, the acceleration change of the fiber axis can be measured.
进一步地，闪耀光栅振动测量结构包括基座、和基座铰接连接的光栅感应结构、设置在光栅感应结构上方的准直透镜以及反射镜；Further, the blazed grating vibration measurement structure includes a base, a grating sensing structure hingedly connected to the base, a collimating lens and a reflecting mirror disposed above the grating sensing structure;
所述准直透镜和反射镜均设置在基座上；The collimating lens and the reflecting mirror are both set on the base;
所述光栅感应结构包括：质量块和贴在质量块上表面的闪耀光栅。The grating sensing structure includes: a mass block and a blazed grating attached to the upper surface of the mass block.
其中闪耀光栅贴在质量块的上表面，进一步地，本实施例中，闪耀光栅通过预设阻力材料板和刚性基座相连，闪耀光栅的一端，通过旋转轴和基座铰接固定。The blazed grating is attached to the upper surface of the mass. Further, in this embodiment, the blazed grating is connected to the rigid base through a preset resistance material plate, and one end of the blazed grating is hingedly fixed to the base through a rotating shaft.
如图4所示，其中光栅感应结构水平设置在基座上；如图5所示，其中光栅感应结构与光纤呈45度夹角设置，光纤上的光通过准直透镜发射到闪耀光栅上，然后闪耀光栅再把光反射回光纤。As shown in Figure 4, where the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base; as shown in Figure 5, where the grating sensing structure and the optical fiber are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, the light on the optical fiber is emitted onto the blazed grating through the collimating lens, The blazed grating then reflects the light back to the fiber.
当有加速度发生时，质量块与刚性基座发生相对位移，闪耀光栅发生偏转，其与光纤出射光的角度发生变化，从而使得反射到光纤中的光的峰值波长发生变化，进而可以测得光纤轴向的加速度变化。When acceleration occurs, the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
进一步地，光栅感应结构水平设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构右侧的上部以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged on the upper right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
如图6所示，本闪耀光栅可通过光纤准直透镜的前方安装一块反射镜，其中本实施例中，反射镜与闪耀光栅之间的夹角呈67.5度，该路光纤发出的光通过准直透镜聚焦后通过反射镜，将光反射到闪耀光栅上，然后被闪耀光栅再次反射原路返回，回到光纤中。As shown in FIG. 6, the blazed grating can be installed with a reflector in front of the fiber collimating lens. In this embodiment, the angle between the reflector and the blazed grating is 67.5 degrees. After the straight lens is focused, it passes through the mirror to reflect the light onto the blazed grating, and then is reflected again by the blazed grating to return to the original path and return to the optical fiber.
当有加速度发生时，质量块与刚性基座发生相对位移，闪耀光栅发生偏转，其与光纤出射光的角度发生变化，从而使得反射到光纤中的光的峰值波长发生变化，进而可以测得光纤轴向的加速度变化。When acceleration occurs, the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
进一步地，光栅感应结构水平设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构的右侧的下部以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is horizontally arranged on the base, and the reflecting mirror is arranged at the lower part of the right side of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
如图7所示，光纤发出的光通过准直透镜聚焦后通过反射镜，将光反射到闪耀光栅上，然后被闪耀光栅再次反射原路返回，回到光纤中。As shown in FIG. 7, the light emitted by the optical fiber is focused by a collimating lens and then passes through a reflector to reflect the light onto the blazed grating, and then reflected by the blazed grating again to return to the original path and return to the optical fiber.
当有加速度发生时，质量块与刚性基座发生相对位移，闪耀光栅发生偏转，其与光纤出射光的角度发生变化，从而使得反射到光纤中的光的峰值波长发生变化，进而可以测得光纤轴向的加速度变化。When acceleration occurs, the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
进一步地，光栅感应结构竖直设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构上部的右侧以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the upper part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
如图8所示，其中反射镜与闪耀光栅之间呈67.5度夹角，反光镜设置在准直透镜的正下方，光纤的光通过准直透镜的聚焦后，照射在反射镜上，反射镜将光反射到闪耀光栅上，闪耀光栅将接收到的光原路返回重新反射回光纤上。As shown in Figure 8, where the angle between the mirror and the blazed grating is 67.5 degrees, the reflector is placed directly under the collimator lens, and the light of the optical fiber is focused on the collimator lens and irradiated on the mirror, the mirror The light is reflected onto the blazed grating, and the blazed grating returns the received light back to the optical fiber.
当有加速度发生时，质量块与刚性基座发生相对位移，闪耀光栅发生偏转，其与光纤出射光的角度发生变化，从而使得反射到光纤中的光的峰值波长发生变化，进而可以测得光纤轴向的加速度变化。When acceleration occurs, the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
进一步地，光栅感应结构竖直设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构下部的右侧以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
如图9所示，其中反射镜与闪耀光栅之间呈22.5度夹角，反光镜设置在准直透镜的正下方，光纤的光通过准直透镜的聚焦后，照射在反射镜上，反射镜将光反射到闪耀光栅上，闪耀光栅将接收到的光原路返回重新反射回该路光纤上。As shown in Figure 9, where the angle between the mirror and the blazed grating is 22.5 degrees, the reflector is located directly under the collimator lens, and the light of the optical fiber is focused on the collimator lens and irradiated on the mirror, the mirror The light is reflected onto the blazed grating, and the blazed grating returns the received light back to the optical fiber of the path.
当有加速度发生时，质量块与刚性基座发生相对位移，闪耀光栅发生偏转，其与光纤出射光的角度发生变化，从而使得反射到光纤中的光的峰值波长发生变化，进而可以测得光纤轴向的加速度变化。When acceleration occurs, the mass and the rigid base are relatively displaced, the blazed grating is deflected, and the angle of the light emitted from the fiber changes, so that the peak wavelength of the light reflected into the fiber changes, and the fiber can be measured Axial acceleration changes.
进一步地，光栅感应结构竖直设置在基座上，不设置反射镜，光栅感应结构设置在准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, and no reflecting mirror is provided, and the grating sensing structure is arranged under the collimating lens.
如图8所示，没有反射镜，其中As shown in Figure 8, there is no mirror, where
进一步地，光栅感应结构竖直设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构下部的右侧以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
进一步地，光栅感应结构竖直设置在基座上，反射镜设置在光栅感应结构下部的右侧 以及准直透镜的下部。Further, the grating sensing structure is vertically arranged on the base, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the grating sensing structure and the lower part of the collimating lens.
本发明至少具有以下特点：The invention has at least the following characteristics:
(1)传感器的零点漂移较小，在较长的生命周期内无需进行维护和校准；(1) The zero drift of the sensor is small, and maintenance and calibration are not required in a long life cycle;
(2)抗电磁干扰能力强，无电噪声，具有较高的测量精度；(2) Strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, no electrical noise, and high measurement accuracy;
(3)连接可靠性高。(3) High connection reliability.
(4)可以根据需求，设置光栅感应结构和光纤的相对位置，实现光纤轴向振动的测量，进一步地实现对加速度的测量，实用范围较广。(4) The relative position of the grating sensing structure and the optical fiber can be set according to the requirements to realize the measurement of the axial vibration of the optical fiber and further the measurement of the acceleration, which has a wide practical range.
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. A person skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or substitute in a similar manner, but it will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definition of the appended claims Scope.
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| CN109506766A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-22 | 宁波中车时代传感技术有限公司 | It is a kind of to be shaken integrative sensor in parallel based on the optical fiber temperature of balzed grating, and fiber grating |
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| CN101261281A (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-10 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Fiber Acceleration Sensor Based on Ultrashort Cavity Fiber Laser |
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2018
- 2018-12-21 CN CN201811573855.8A patent/CN109506765A/en active Pending
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| CN102062730A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-05-18 | 天津亿利科能源科技发展股份有限公司 | Buried oil pipeline external-corrosion real-time monitoring device based on optical fiber sensor |
| CN102175274A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2011-09-07 | 陕西科技大学 | Multi-physical quantity measurement sensing signal recognition method and device based on distributed FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors |
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| CN107917680A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | A fast recognition method for small angles based on blazed gratings |
| CN109506765A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-22 | 宁波中车时代传感技术有限公司 | It is a kind of based on the optical fiber temperature of balzed grating, and fiber grating shake series connection integrative sensor |
| CN109506766A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-22 | 宁波中车时代传感技术有限公司 | It is a kind of to be shaken integrative sensor in parallel based on the optical fiber temperature of balzed grating, and fiber grating |
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