WO2020121060A1 - Building block (variants) - Google Patents
Building block (variants) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020121060A1 WO2020121060A1 PCT/IB2019/001330 IB2019001330W WO2020121060A1 WO 2020121060 A1 WO2020121060 A1 WO 2020121060A1 IB 2019001330 W IB2019001330 W IB 2019001330W WO 2020121060 A1 WO2020121060 A1 WO 2020121060A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- recesses
- building block
- block according
- channels
- protrusions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H33/00—Other toys
- A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
- A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
- A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
- E04B2002/0221—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of conical shape
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
- E04B2002/0245—Pegs or pins
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
- E04B2002/0247—Strips or bars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to construction, in particular to building blocks for mortarless laying and construction of buildings, structures, structures and small architectural forms.
- the invention can be used to erect masonry without using a solution.
- the prior art building block for building an external wall containing a solid body with front, rear, two end, upper and lower surfaces, as well as many protrusions and recesses on the upper and lower surfaces for fixing and aligning adjacent blocks with the formation of uniform joints that subsequently filled with a solution (see patent US5934037, cl.
- a building construction system including a plurality of building blocks, which are mutually fixed with each other using nuts and bolts, in which the bolt consists of the corresponding lower and upper parts, and one set of fastening parts can be located in the countersunk area along with the bolt and go through the entire structure, and the other on the outer surface of the lower part of the bolt area.
- the external thread of one bolt engages with the internal thread of the other, and the blocks may contain internal thread in recessed holes for installing the bolts so that the upper part of the bolts is flush with the upper part of the blocks meshed (see GB2528090 , CL E04B2 / 18, publ. 01/13/2016).
- the prior art method of construction without a solution of the foundation and walls including the use of mounting rods based on the first set of mechanical fasteners, according to which the wall is constructed by vertically laying a plurality of wall blocks on threaded rods and fastening them using mechanical fastening, while many of the connectors are attached to the threaded rods of the reinforcement of the wall structure, and many rods are attached to the connectors of the upper part of the walls horizontally, forming a network of rods that connect the walls (see US8225578, CL E04B1 / 38, published 24.07.2012).
- interlocking building blocks are that they largely occupy their design position independently and do not require mortar, which allows for the rapid erection of structures with mostly unskilled labor.
- all the described building blocks and systems have been developed taking into account a specific industrial purpose and do not allow a wide variation in the shape of the final structure.
- a building block made in the form of a polyhedron, on each vertical and each horizontal face of which there are formed protrusions and recesses that mesh with the protrusions and recesses of adjacent blocks (see patent CN204919955, class E04B2 / 08, published December 30, 2015).
- the known device allows to increase the design not only in the vertical, but also in two horizontal directions, while maintaining the accuracy and strength of the connection.
- the known device does not provide the possibility of additional mounting blocks between themselves and, therefore, cannot be used for the construction of structures of complex geometry.
- the technical problem is the creation of a building block, which allows you to erect buildings and structures in a short time without the use of highly skilled labor and the involvement of mechanization.
- the invention is aimed at expanding a number of possible options for mounting blocks together.
- the problem is solved by the fact that in the building block, made in the form of a polyhedron, reciprocal protrusions and recesses are formed on each vertical and each horizontal face, which mesh with the protrusions and recesses of adjacent blocks, these protrusions and recesses are made in the form of truncated cones along the axes of which in the block are made mainly communicating with each other channels.
- at least four protrusions or recesses are formed on each vertical and each horizontal face of the block.
- the protrusions and recesses are made in the form of truncated cones with an angle of not more than 45 degrees.
- the building block can be made in the form of a straight parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.
- the building block can be made in the form of many cubes or parallelepipeds, or combinations thereof, interconnected and forming a single whole multifaceted product of complex geometry.
- the building block can be equipped with inclined sections placed at an angle of 10 - 90 degrees with the formation of a cross-shaped structure, while the protrusions and recesses are also formed at the ends of the inclined sections.
- recesses can be formed in the shape of half a truncated cone, forming complete cones assembled with recesses of adjacent blocks, while channel-shaped recesses can be made on the surface of these faces, forming channels together with adjacent blocks along the recesses axes .
- recesses can be formed in the shape of a quarter of a truncated cone, forming complete cones assembled with recesses of adjacent blocks, while channel-shaped recesses can be made along the edges of these faces, forming channels together with adjacent blocks along the recesses .
- the block can be equipped with inserts installed in the recesses and forming protrusions and partially included in the corresponding channels.
- the block can be equipped with inserts with channels with the possibility of installing fasteners in them to fasten the blocks together.
- the problem posed is solved by the fact that in a building block made in the form of a polyhedron, on each vertical and each horizontal face of which there are formed recesses in the shape of cylinders and / or truncated cones along the axes of which in the block made channels, at least in part of these recesses mounted fasteners in the form of disks, on both sides of which along the axis are fixed rods that are fixed in these channels of adjacent blocks.
- the channels in cross section are made in the form of a circle, oval, square, rectangle, triangle.
- the recesses formed on the edge of the vertical or horizontal faces in the shape of half a truncated cone form complete cones with recesses of adjacent blocks.
- the building block can be made preferably in the form of a cube or in the form of a straight parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.
- the building block can be made in the form of many cubes or parallelepipeds, or combinations thereof, interconnected and forming a single whole multifaceted product of complex geometry.
- the building block can be equipped with inserts with the possibility of installing fasteners in them to fasten the blocks together.
- a structure can be formed that is closed around the perimeter by combining the fourth block with three neighboring blocks along a linear path passing through the connection point of three faces at an angle to each of the side faces of these three blocks in the range from 1 to 89 degrees, preferably at an angle of 45 degrees.
- Figure 1 presents a General view of the building block (the first basic embodiment in the form of a cube with the location of the protrusions and recesses of four on each face); figure 2 - embodiment with an additional fifth recess on one face;
- figure 4 is the same in section
- figure 5 the second basic embodiment with five recesses on all faces
- figure 6 is a second embodiment with half-recesses and undercuts on one face
- FIG. 9 is a block embodiment in the form of a parallelepiped
- figure 10 is a variant of a block of a T-shaped
- figure 11 is a variant of the block with inclined sections
- Fig - an example of the formation of the structure by combining the fourth block with three neighboring blocks in a linear trajectory passing through the junction of three faces at an angle (the angle is shown by an arrow)
- the proposed building block 1 is made in the form of a polyhedron on each vertical and each horizontal face of which reciprocal protrusions 2 and recesses 3 (four or five pieces) are formed, which mesh with the protrusions and recesses of adjacent blocks.
- the block can be made in the form of a cube, a straight parallelepiped, T-shaped or provided with inclined sections 4.
- the block is made in the form of two parallelepipeds, the longitudinal axes of which are placed at an angle of 10 - 90 °, connected crosswise in the form one whole.
- mating protrusions 2 and recesses 3 are also formed.
- the combination of protrusions 2 and recesses 3 can be selected on each face of block 1 in advance, or for a specific installation site.
- the protrusions 2 and the recesses 3 are made in the form of truncated cones, along the axes of which the channels 5 communicating with each other are made in the block.
- recesses 6 can be formed in the shape of half a truncated cone, forming complete cones with similar recesses of adjacent blocks 1.
- channel-shaped recesses 7 are formed on the surface of the corresponding faces, forming channels along the axis of the recesses 6 assembled with adjacent blocks 1.
- recesses 8 can be formed along the corners of the faces in the shape of a quarter of a truncated cone, forming complete cones in assembly with the recesses of adjacent blocks .
- Block 1 can also be equipped with fasteners 10 installed in the recesses 3 and partially included in the corresponding channels 5.
- the proposed block 1 does not contain protrusions, it only has recesses 3 in the shape of cylinders and / or truncated cones, along the axes of which channels 5 are made in the block.
- Fasteners 10 in the form of disks are installed in part or in all such recesses 3 on both sides of which, along the axis, rods are fixed that are fixed in the indicated channels of 5 adjacent blocks 1.
- additional recesses 6, 8 and channel-shaped recesses 7, 9 the same modifications are possible for this option as for the previous one.
- the blocks between themselves connect using a fastener 10 mounted in the channel 5 and fixing their position.
- a fastener 10 mounted in the channel 5 and fixing their position.
- blocks with inclined sections 4 Linking the blocks 1 together and connecting them with fasteners or fixing material, assemble the required design. In this case, the blocks 1 are laid relative to the axis of the center of the masonry in one of the directions and build up without displacement.
- the present invention allows for the implementation of solutionless construction of rigidly connected masonry of vertical, inclined, domed, pyramidal and any other design.
- the unit has the ability to attach trim elements and various communications in the grooves on the side faces.
- the proposed design allows you to expand a number of possible options for mounting blocks between each other both simply due to gravity and friction, and using local fasteners, studs, or a combination thereof.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Description
С Т Р О И Т Е Л Ь Н Ы Й Б Л О К ( В А Р И А Н Т Ы ) S T R O T E L N Y B L O K (V A R I A N T S)
ОБЛАСТЬ ТЕХНИКИ FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
Настоящее изобретение относится к строительству, в частности к строительным блокам для безрастворной кладки и возведения зданий, строений, сооружений и малых архитектурных форм. The present invention relates to construction, in particular to building blocks for mortarless laying and construction of buildings, structures, structures and small architectural forms.
Изобретение может быть использовано для возведения кладки без использования раствора. The invention can be used to erect masonry without using a solution.
ПРЕДШЕСТВУЮЩИЙ УРОВЕНЬ ТЕХНИКИ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Использование традиционных строительных блоков, кирпичей, растворов и конструкций приводит к известным ограничениям, связанным с современным строительством. Эти ограничения включают в себя: потребность в квалифицированной рабочей силе для достижения постоянного, воспроизводимого результата; ограничения в скорости, при которой ограничивающим фактором становятся требования к времени отверждения раствора и ограничения в несущей способности конструкции в связи с изменением жесткости соединения блоков между собой. The use of traditional building blocks, bricks, mortars and structures leads to well-known limitations associated with modern construction. These constraints include: the need for a skilled workforce to achieve a permanent, reproducible result; restrictions in speed at which the requirements for the curing time of the solution and limitations in the bearing capacity of the structure in connection with a change in the stiffness of the connection of the blocks between themselves become a limiting factor.
Использование бетонных сборных панелей получило распространение в последние годы, в попытке нивелировать некоторые из этих ограничений. Применение таких панелей имеет свои недостатки, в том числе трудности в адаптации панелей к определенному месту установки, а также необходимость механизации погрузки, перевозки и установки панелей. The use of concrete prefabricated panels has become widespread in recent years, in an attempt to level out some of these limitations. The use of such panels has its drawbacks, including difficulties in adapting the panels to a specific installation site, as well as the need for mechanization of loading, transportation and installation of panels.
Еще одной альтернативой традиционным системам строительства с использованием строительных блоков и кирпичной кладки, можно считать самофиксирующиеся строительные блоки. Another alternative to traditional building systems using building blocks and masonry, self-locking building blocks can be considered.
Из уровня техники известен строительный блок для построения внешней стены, содержащий твердое тело с передней, задней, двумя торцевыми, верхней и нижней поверхностями, а также множество выступов и выемок на верхней и нижней поверхностях для фиксации и выравнивания смежных блоков с образованием равномерных стыков, которые впоследствии заполняют раствором (см. патент US5934037, кл. The prior art building block for building an external wall, containing a solid body with front, rear, two end, upper and lower surfaces, as well as many protrusions and recesses on the upper and lower surfaces for fixing and aligning adjacent blocks with the formation of uniform joints that subsequently filled with a solution (see patent US5934037, cl.
Е04В2/08, опубл. 10.08.1999). E04B2 / 08, publ. 08/10/1999).
Из уровня техники известна -система строительства здания, включающая множество строительных блоков, которые взаимно фиксируют между собой с помощью гаек и болтов, в которой болт состоит из соответствующих нижних и верхних деталей, причём один набор закрепляющих деталей может быть расположен в потайной области вместе с болтом и проходить через всю конструкцию, а другой - на наружной поверхности нижней части области болта. В ходе сборки наружная резьба одного болта входит в зацепление с внутренней резьбой другого, при этом блоки могут содержать внутреннюю резьбу в утопленных отверстиях для установки болтов таким образом, чтобы верхняя часть болтов была на одном уровне с верхней частью блоков в зацеплении (см. патент GB2528090, кл. Е04В2/18, опубл. 13.01.2016). From the prior art, a building construction system is known, including a plurality of building blocks, which are mutually fixed with each other using nuts and bolts, in which the bolt consists of the corresponding lower and upper parts, and one set of fastening parts can be located in the countersunk area along with the bolt and go through the entire structure, and the other on the outer surface of the lower part of the bolt area. During assembly, the external thread of one bolt engages with the internal thread of the other, and the blocks may contain internal thread in recessed holes for installing the bolts so that the upper part of the bolts is flush with the upper part of the blocks meshed (see GB2528090 , CL E04B2 / 18, publ. 01/13/2016).
Из уровня техники известен способ строительства без раствора фундамента и стен, включающий использование монтажных стержней, базирующихся на первом наборе механического крепления, согласно которому стену конструируют путем вертикальной укладки множества стеновых блоков на резьбовые стержни и их крепления с использованием механического крепления, при этом множество соединителей прикреплено к резьбовым стержням армирования стеновой конструкции, а множество стержней прикреплено к соединителям верхней части стен горизонтально, образуя сеть стержней, которые соединяют стенки (см. патент US8225578, кл. Е04В1/38, опубл. 24.07.2012). The prior art method of construction without a solution of the foundation and walls, including the use of mounting rods based on the first set of mechanical fasteners, according to which the wall is constructed by vertically laying a plurality of wall blocks on threaded rods and fastening them using mechanical fastening, while many of the connectors are attached to the threaded rods of the reinforcement of the wall structure, and many rods are attached to the connectors of the upper part of the walls horizontally, forming a network of rods that connect the walls (see US8225578, CL E04B1 / 38, published 24.07.2012).
Преимуществом взаимофиксирующихся строительных блоков является то, что они в значительной степени самостоятельно занимают проектное положение и не требуют строительного раствора, что позволяет обеспечить быстрое возведение конструкций в основном неквалифицированной рабочей силой. Однако, все описанные строительные блоки и системы были разработаны с учетом конкретного промышленного назначения и не позволяют в широких пределах варьировать форму конечной конструкции. The advantage of interlocking building blocks is that they largely occupy their design position independently and do not require mortar, which allows for the rapid erection of structures with mostly unskilled labor. However, all the described building blocks and systems have been developed taking into account a specific industrial purpose and do not allow a wide variation in the shape of the final structure.
Наиболее близким по технической сущности к предлагаемому изобретению является строительный блок, выполненный в виде многогранника, на каждой вертикальной и каждой горизонтальной грани которого образованы ответные выступы и выемки, входящие в зацепление с выступами и выемками смежных блоков (см. патент CN204919955, кл. Е04В2/08, опубл. 30.12.2015). Известное устройство позволяет наращивать конструкцию не только в вертикальном, но и в двух горизонтальных направлениях, сохраняя при этом точность и прочность соединения. Однако, известное устройство не обеспечивает возможность дополнительного крепления блоков между собой и, вследствие этого, не может быть использовано для возведения конструкций сложной геометрии. Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a building block made in the form of a polyhedron, on each vertical and each horizontal face of which there are formed protrusions and recesses that mesh with the protrusions and recesses of adjacent blocks (see patent CN204919955, class E04B2 / 08, published December 30, 2015). The known device allows to increase the design not only in the vertical, but also in two horizontal directions, while maintaining the accuracy and strength of the connection. However, the known device does not provide the possibility of additional mounting blocks between themselves and, therefore, cannot be used for the construction of structures of complex geometry.
РАСКРЫТИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Технической проблемой является создание строительного блока, который позволяет в короткие сроки возводить здания и сооружения без использования высококвалифицированной рабочей силы и привлечения механизации. The technical problem is the creation of a building block, which allows you to erect buildings and structures in a short time without the use of highly skilled labor and the involvement of mechanization.
Изобретение направлено на расширение ряда возможных вариантов крепления блоков между собой. The invention is aimed at expanding a number of possible options for mounting blocks together.
По первому варианту исполнения проблема решается тем, что в строительном блоке, выполненном в виде многогранника, на каждой вертикальной и каждой горизонтальной грани образованы ответные выступы и выемки, входящие в зацепление с выступами и выемками смежных блоков, указанные выступы и выемки выполнены по форме усечённых конусов, вдоль осей которых в блоке выполнены преимущественно сообщающиеся друг с другом каналы. На каждой вертикальной и каждой горизонтальной грани блока предпочтительно образовано, по меньшей мере, по четыре выступа или выемки. Выступы и выемки выполнены в виде усеченных конусов с углом не более 45 градусов. According to the first embodiment, the problem is solved by the fact that in the building block, made in the form of a polyhedron, reciprocal protrusions and recesses are formed on each vertical and each horizontal face, which mesh with the protrusions and recesses of adjacent blocks, these protrusions and recesses are made in the form of truncated cones along the axes of which in the block are made mainly communicating with each other channels. Preferably, at least four protrusions or recesses are formed on each vertical and each horizontal face of the block. The protrusions and recesses are made in the form of truncated cones with an angle of not more than 45 degrees.
Строительный блок может быть выполнен в виде прямого параллелепипеда, Т-образным, L- образным. The building block can be made in the form of a straight parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.
Строительный блок может быть выполнен в виде множества кубов или параллелепипедов, или их комбинации, соединенных между собой и образующих единое целое многогранное изделие сложной геометрии. Строительный блок может быть снабжен снабжён наклонными участками размещёнными под углом 10 - 90 градусов с образованием крестообразной конструкции, при этом на торцах наклонных участков также образованы ответные выступы и выемки. The building block can be made in the form of many cubes or parallelepipeds, or combinations thereof, interconnected and forming a single whole multifaceted product of complex geometry. The building block can be equipped with inclined sections placed at an angle of 10 - 90 degrees with the formation of a cross-shaped structure, while the protrusions and recesses are also formed at the ends of the inclined sections.
На краю вертикальных и/или горизонтальных граней могут быть образованы выемки по форме половины усечённого конуса, образующие в сборе с выемками смежных блоков полные конусы, при этом на поверхности указанных граней могут быть выполнены каналообразные углубления, образующие в сборе со смежными блоками каналы вдоль осей выемок. По углам вертикальных и/или горизонтальных граней могут быть образованы выемки по форме четверти усечённого конуса, образующие в сборе с выемками смежных блоков полные конусы, при этом вдоль рёбер указанных граней могут быть выполнены каналообразные углубления, образующие в сборе со смежными блоками каналы вдоль осей выемок. On the edge of the vertical and / or horizontal faces, recesses can be formed in the shape of half a truncated cone, forming complete cones assembled with recesses of adjacent blocks, while channel-shaped recesses can be made on the surface of these faces, forming channels together with adjacent blocks along the recesses axes . At the corners of the vertical and / or horizontal faces, recesses can be formed in the shape of a quarter of a truncated cone, forming complete cones assembled with recesses of adjacent blocks, while channel-shaped recesses can be made along the edges of these faces, forming channels together with adjacent blocks along the recesses .
Блок может быть снабжён вставками, установленными в выемках и формирующими выступы и частично входящими в соответствующие каналы. The block can be equipped with inserts installed in the recesses and forming protrusions and partially included in the corresponding channels.
Блок может быть снабжён вставками с каналами с возможностью установки в них крепежных элементов для скрепления блоков между собой. The block can be equipped with inserts with channels with the possibility of installing fasteners in them to fasten the blocks together.
По второму варианту исполнения поставленная проблема решается, тем, что в строительном блоке, выполненном в виде многогранника, на каждой вертикальной и каждой горизонтальной грани которого образованы выемки по форме цилиндров и/или усечённых конусов, вдоль осей которых в блоке выполнены каналы, по меньшей мере, в части указанных выемок установлены крепёжные элементы в виде дисков, с обеих сторон которых вдоль оси закреплены стержни, фиксируемые в указанных каналах смежных блоков. According to the second embodiment, the problem posed is solved by the fact that in a building block made in the form of a polyhedron, on each vertical and each horizontal face of which there are formed recesses in the shape of cylinders and / or truncated cones along the axes of which in the block made channels, at least in part of these recesses mounted fasteners in the form of disks, on both sides of which along the axis are fixed rods that are fixed in these channels of adjacent blocks.
Каналы в сечении выполнены в виде круга, овала, квадрата, прямоугольника, треугольника. The channels in cross section are made in the form of a circle, oval, square, rectangle, triangle.
Выемки, на краю вертикальных или горизонтальных граней образованные по форме половины усечённого конуса, образуют в сборе с выемками смежных блоков полные конусы. The recesses formed on the edge of the vertical or horizontal faces in the shape of half a truncated cone form complete cones with recesses of adjacent blocks.
Строительный блок может быть выполнен выполнен предпочтительно в форме куба или в виде прямого параллелепипеда, Т-образным, L- образным. The building block can be made preferably in the form of a cube or in the form of a straight parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.
Строительный блок может быть выполнен в виде множества кубов или параллелепипедов, или их комбинации, соединенных между собой и образующих единое целое многогранное изделие сложной геометрии. The building block can be made in the form of many cubes or parallelepipeds, or combinations thereof, interconnected and forming a single whole multifaceted product of complex geometry.
Строительный блок может быть снабжен вставками с возможностью установки в них крепежных элементов для скрепления блоков между собой. The building block can be equipped with inserts with the possibility of installing fasteners in them to fasten the blocks together.
Из указанных строительных блоков может быть образована конструкции, замкнутая по периметру посредством совмещения четвертого блока с тремя соседними блоками по линейной траектории, проходящей через точку соединения трех граней, под углом к каждой из боковых граней указанных трех блоков в диапазоне от от 1 до 89 градусов, предпочтительно под углом 45 градусов. From these building blocks, a structure can be formed that is closed around the perimeter by combining the fourth block with three neighboring blocks along a linear path passing through the connection point of three faces at an angle to each of the side faces of these three blocks in the range from 1 to 89 degrees, preferably at an angle of 45 degrees.
КРАТКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ФИГУР ЧЕРТЕЖЕЙ Сущность предлагаемого изобретения поясняется чертежами и описанием предпочтительных вариантов воплощения со ссылками на сопровождающие чертежи: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings and a description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:
На фиг.1 представлен общий вид строительного блока (первый базовый вариант исполнения в виде куба с расположением выступов и выемок по четыре на каждой грани); на фиг.2 - вариант исполнения с дополнительной пятой выемкой на одной грани; Figure 1 presents a General view of the building block (the first basic embodiment in the form of a cube with the location of the protrusions and recesses of four on each face); figure 2 - embodiment with an additional fifth recess on one face;
на фиг.З - второй базовый вариант исполнения только с углублениями на всех гранях (до установки крепёжных элементов); in Fig. 3 - the second basic embodiment only with recesses on all faces (before the installation of fasteners);
на фиг.4 - то же в разрезе; figure 4 is the same in section;
на фиг.5 - второй базовый вариант исполнения с пятью углублениями на всех гранях; figure 5 - the second basic embodiment with five recesses on all faces;
на фиг.6 - второй вариант исполнения с полувыемками и выточками на одной грани; figure 6 is a second embodiment with half-recesses and undercuts on one face;
на фиг.7 - второй вариант исполнения с полу- и четверть выемками и выточками на всех гранях и рёбрах; in Fig.7 - the second embodiment with half and a quarter of the recesses and recesses on all faces and ribs;
на фиг.8 - пример сборки конструкции из кубических блоков по первому варианту исполнения; on Fig - an example of the assembly of structures from cubic blocks according to the first embodiment;
на фиг. 9 - вариант блока в форме параллелепипеда; in FIG. 9 is a block embodiment in the form of a parallelepiped;
на фиг.10 - вариант блока Т-образной формы; figure 10 is a variant of a block of a T-shaped;
на фиг.11 - вариант блока с наклонными участками; figure 11 is a variant of the block with inclined sections;
на фиг.12 - пример сборки конструкции из блоков с наклонными участками. on Fig - an example of the assembly of structures from blocks with inclined sections.
На фиг 13 - пример образования конструкции путем совмещения четвертого блока с тремя соседними блоками по линейной траектории проходящей через точку соединения трех граней под углом (угол показан стрелкой) On Fig - an example of the formation of the structure by combining the fourth block with three neighboring blocks in a linear trajectory passing through the junction of three faces at an angle (the angle is shown by an arrow)
По первому варианту предлагаемый строительный блок 1 выполнен в виде многогранника на каждой вертикальной и каждой горизонтальной грани которого образованы ответные выступы 2 и выемки 3 (по четыре или пять штук), входящие в зацепление с выступами и выемками смежных блоков. В зависимости от конечного проекта блок может быть выполнен по форме куба, прямого параллелепипеда, Т-образным или снабжён наклонными участками 4. В последнем случае блок выполнен в виде двух параллелепипедов, продольные оси которых размещены под углом 10 - 90°, соединенных крестообразно в виде одного целого. На торцах участков 4 также образованы ответные выступы 2 и выемки 3. Комбинация выступов 2 и выемок 3 может быть подобрана на каждой грани блока 1 заранее, либо под конкретное место его установки. According to the first embodiment, the proposed building block 1 is made in the form of a polyhedron on each vertical and each horizontal face of which reciprocal protrusions 2 and recesses 3 (four or five pieces) are formed, which mesh with the protrusions and recesses of adjacent blocks. Depending on the final project, the block can be made in the form of a cube, a straight parallelepiped, T-shaped or provided with inclined sections 4. In the latter case, the block is made in the form of two parallelepipeds, the longitudinal axes of which are placed at an angle of 10 - 90 °, connected crosswise in the form one whole. At the ends of sections 4, mating protrusions 2 and recesses 3 are also formed. The combination of protrusions 2 and recesses 3 can be selected on each face of block 1 in advance, or for a specific installation site.
Выступы 2 и выемки 3 выполняют по форме усечённых конусов, вдоль осей которых в блоке выполнены сообщающиеся друг с другом каналы 5. На краю граней могут быть образованы выемки 6 по форме половины усечённого конуса, образующие в сборе с аналогичными выемками смежных блоков 1 полные конусы. При этом на поверхности соответствующих граней выполняют каналообразные углубления 7, образующие в сборе со смежными блоками 1 каналы вдоль осей выемок 6. Кроме того, по углам граней могут быть образованы выемки 8 по форме четверти усечённого конуса, образующие в сборе с выемками смежных блоков полные конусы. При этом вдоль рёбер этих граней выполнены каналообразные углубления 9, образующие в сборе со смежными блоками каналы вдоль осей выемок 8. Конусная поверхность выступов 2 и выемок 3, 6, 8 позволяет легко соединять блоки 1 между собой, обеспечивая при этом точное центрирование и объединение каналов 5 в единую сеть, которая в случае необходимости может быть за одну операцию заполнена фиксирующим материалом. Кроме того, сообщение каналов 5 между собой обеспечивает возможность использования сквозных шпилек различной модификации. Блок 1 так же может быть снабжён крепёжными элементами 10, установленными в выемках 3 и частично входящими в соответствующие каналы 5. The protrusions 2 and the recesses 3 are made in the form of truncated cones, along the axes of which the channels 5 communicating with each other are made in the block. At the edge of the faces, recesses 6 can be formed in the shape of half a truncated cone, forming complete cones with similar recesses of adjacent blocks 1. At the same time, channel-shaped recesses 7 are formed on the surface of the corresponding faces, forming channels along the axis of the recesses 6 assembled with adjacent blocks 1. In addition, recesses 8 can be formed along the corners of the faces in the shape of a quarter of a truncated cone, forming complete cones in assembly with the recesses of adjacent blocks . Moreover, along the edges of these faces are made channel-shaped recesses 9, forming in assembled with adjacent blocks, the channels along the axes of the recesses 8. The conical surface of the protrusions 2 and the recesses 3, 6, 8 makes it easy to connect the blocks 1 to each other, while ensuring accurate centering and combining of the channels 5 into a single network, which, if necessary, can be in one The operation is filled with fixing material. In addition, the communication channels 5 among themselves provides the possibility of using end-to-end studs of various modifications. Block 1 can also be equipped with fasteners 10 installed in the recesses 3 and partially included in the corresponding channels 5.
По второму варианту предлагаемый блок 1 не содержит выступов, в нём выполнены только выемки 3 по форме цилиндров и/или усечённых конусов, вдоль осей которых в блоке выполнены каналы 5. В части или во всех таких выемках 3 установлены крепёжные элементы 10 в виде дисков, с обеих сторон которых вдоль оси закреплены стержни, фиксируемые в указанных каналах 5 смежных блоков 1. В части дополнительных выемок 6, 8 и каналообразных углублений 7, 9 для этого варианта возможны те же модификации, что и для предыдущего. In the second embodiment, the proposed block 1 does not contain protrusions, it only has recesses 3 in the shape of cylinders and / or truncated cones, along the axes of which channels 5 are made in the block. Fasteners 10 in the form of disks are installed in part or in all such recesses 3 on both sides of which, along the axis, rods are fixed that are fixed in the indicated channels of 5 adjacent blocks 1. In terms of additional recesses 6, 8 and channel-shaped recesses 7, 9, the same modifications are possible for this option as for the previous one.
Конструкцию из предлагаемых блоков возводят следующим образом. The design of the proposed blocks is erected as follows.
Устанавливают первый блок 1 на перекрытие и монтируют последовательно следующие блоки. При установке совмещают боковую грань каждого последующего блока с боковой гранью предыдущего блока, при этом по первому варианту выступы 2 размещают в выемках 3 без зазора, так, чтобы получалась единая конструкция. По второму варианту блоки между собой соединяют при помощи крепёжного элемента 10, устанавливаемого в канал 5 и фиксирующего их положение. Для формирования наклонной балки используют блоки с наклонными участками 4. Компонуя блоки 1 между собой и соединяя их крепёжными элементами или фиксирующим материалом, собирают требуемую конструкцию. При этом блоки 1 укладывают относительно оси центра кладки по одному из направлений и наращивают без смещения. Install the first block 1 on the overlap and install the following blocks sequentially. During installation, the lateral face of each subsequent block is combined with the lateral face of the previous block, while in the first embodiment, the protrusions 2 are placed in the recesses 3 without a gap, so that a single structure is obtained. According to the second option, the blocks between themselves connect using a fastener 10 mounted in the channel 5 and fixing their position. For the formation of an inclined beam using blocks with inclined sections 4. Linking the blocks 1 together and connecting them with fasteners or fixing material, assemble the required design. In this case, the blocks 1 are laid relative to the axis of the center of the masonry in one of the directions and build up without displacement.
ПРОМЫШЛЕННАЯ ПРИМЕНИМОСТЬ INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
Таким образом, предлагаемое изобретение позволяет осуществлять безрастворное возведение жёстко связанной кладки вертикального, наклонного, куполообразного, пирамидального и любого другого исполнения. Кроме того, блок имеет возможность прикрепления элементов отделки и различных коммуникаций в пазы на боковых гранях. При этом предлагаемая конструкция позволяет расширить ряд возможных вариантов крепления блоков между собой как просто за счёт сил тяжести и трения, так и с помощью локальных крепёжных элементов, шпилек, или их сочетания. Thus, the present invention allows for the implementation of solutionless construction of rigidly connected masonry of vertical, inclined, domed, pyramidal and any other design. In addition, the unit has the ability to attach trim elements and various communications in the grooves on the side faces. At the same time, the proposed design allows you to expand a number of possible options for mounting blocks between each other both simply due to gravity and friction, and using local fasteners, studs, or a combination thereof.
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201980065215.2A CN112789385A (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2019-12-06 | Building blocks (variants) |
| EP19858639.8A EP3896236A1 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2019-12-06 | Building block (variants) |
| US17/282,227 US20210348384A1 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2019-12-06 | Building block (variants) |
| GB2104141.3A GB2591907B (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2019-12-06 | Building block (variants) |
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| RU2018143701 | 2018-12-10 | ||
| RU2018143701A RU2712905C1 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2018-12-10 | Building block |
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| WO2020121060A1 true WO2020121060A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
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| PCT/IB2019/001330 Ceased WO2020121060A1 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2019-12-06 | Building block (variants) |
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| US (1) | US20210348384A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3896236A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN112789385A (en) |
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| RU (1) | RU2712905C1 (en) |
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| RU2769077C1 (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-03-28 | Компания Домидо Лимитед | Self-centering insert sealing element |
| US12440778B2 (en) | 2023-04-14 | 2025-10-14 | Jungle Jim's Accessory Products, Inc. | Framing system for a construction set |
| IT202300013164A1 (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2024-12-26 | David Raccah | MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR BUILDING, CRAFTS AND COLLECTIBLES |
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| WO1999005370A1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-02-04 | Vitali Kobakhidze | Interlocking building block system and methods of constructing walls, including with a thermal insulation |
| US6088987A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-07-18 | Simmons; Scott | Modular building materials |
| US8225578B2 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2012-07-24 | Mohammad Reza Azizi Ronagh | Flexible interlocking mortarless wall unit and construction method |
| WO2013022902A2 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Tie-Cast Systems, Inc. | Masonry reinforcement system |
| CN204919955U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-30 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | Embedded building block of slotting reaches damping infilled wall that contains this building block |
| WO2018222542A1 (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-12-06 | Lange Fredric A | Cube based building block system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4297816A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1981-11-03 | George Kella | Interlocking construction block |
| RU2074296C1 (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1997-02-27 | Евгений Викторович Лапин | Building block |
| CN2233433Y (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1996-08-21 | 丁正乙 | Jointing building block |
| WO2008127980A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-23 | Microth, Inc. | Interlocking spatial components |
| RU69893U1 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2008-01-10 | Александр Иванович Будченко | BUILDING BLOCK |
| US20170016228A1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2017-01-19 | University Of Manitoba | Surface Reinforced Concrete Masonry Units |
| RU157900U1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-12-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Иж-Арболит" | BUILDING BLOCK |
-
2018
- 2018-12-10 RU RU2018143701A patent/RU2712905C1/en active
-
2019
- 2019-12-06 EP EP19858639.8A patent/EP3896236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-12-06 CN CN201980065215.2A patent/CN112789385A/en active Pending
- 2019-12-06 GB GB2104141.3A patent/GB2591907B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2019-12-06 US US17/282,227 patent/US20210348384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-12-06 WO PCT/IB2019/001330 patent/WO2020121060A1/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6088987A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-07-18 | Simmons; Scott | Modular building materials |
| WO1999005370A1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-02-04 | Vitali Kobakhidze | Interlocking building block system and methods of constructing walls, including with a thermal insulation |
| US8225578B2 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2012-07-24 | Mohammad Reza Azizi Ronagh | Flexible interlocking mortarless wall unit and construction method |
| WO2013022902A2 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Tie-Cast Systems, Inc. | Masonry reinforcement system |
| CN204919955U (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-30 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | Embedded building block of slotting reaches damping infilled wall that contains this building block |
| WO2018222542A1 (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-12-06 | Lange Fredric A | Cube based building block system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2591907B (en) | 2023-02-08 |
| GB2591907A (en) | 2021-08-11 |
| CN112789385A (en) | 2021-05-11 |
| RU2712905C1 (en) | 2020-01-31 |
| GB202104141D0 (en) | 2021-05-05 |
| US20210348384A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
| EP3896236A1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
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