WO2020022665A1 - 고분자 전해질 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
고분자 전해질 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020022665A1 WO2020022665A1 PCT/KR2019/008106 KR2019008106W WO2020022665A1 WO 2020022665 A1 WO2020022665 A1 WO 2020022665A1 KR 2019008106 W KR2019008106 W KR 2019008106W WO 2020022665 A1 WO2020022665 A1 WO 2020022665A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
- C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte having excellent fluidity and ion conductivity and a method of manufacturing the same.
- lithium ion secondary batteries having a high energy density are mainly used.
- the mainly used liquid electrolyte has problems such as leakage, explosion risk.
- a safety circuit device is required, and an increase in weight is inevitable by sealing the battery with a metal outer can to prevent leakage.
- there is a limit in battery design because the battery becomes thick.
- lithium ion secondary batteries that use liquid as an electrolyte cannot satisfy all requirements such as miniaturization, weight reduction, and flexibility.
- lithium polymer batteries have a high average voltage and high energy density, and in addition to the characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery which does not have a memory effect, it is possible to prevent leakage of electrolyte to the outside of the battery, thereby improving the stability of the battery. Because it is integrated, surface resistance is reduced, which is advantageous for high efficiency charging and discharging with relatively low internal resistance. In addition, by thinning the electrolyte film can be made into a flexible device and any shape of the battery, it is possible to make the thickness of the battery thinner without using a metal outer can. Accordingly, batteries of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and digital cameras, which have increased reliability, miniaturization, and high capacity consumer demand, are expected to be replaced by lithium polymer batteries. In addition, lithium polymer batteries are expected to be applied to high-capacity lithium secondary batteries, such as hybrid electric vehicles, and are attracting attention as next generation batteries.
- the separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is made of a polymer, and this polymer separator can also serve as an electrolyte.
- ion conduction is performed by internal ion transfer of a stable polymer electrolyte as a solid phase.
- the polymer electrolyte used in the lithium polymer battery is an intrinsic solid polymer electrolyte and a polymer film in which ions of the dissociated salt are transferred by the segmental motion of the polymer by adding an electrolytic salt to a polymer containing hetero elements such as O, N, and S. Impregnating a liquid electrolyte in the inside and immobilizing it with an electrolytic salt, a gel polymer electrolyte showing ionic conductivity has been studied in two parts.
- the gel-type polymer electrolyte remains difficult to secure the stability of the battery due to the leakage of the existing liquid electrolyte when used, the difficulty of the battery manufacturing process remains a problem.
- Intrinsic solid polymer electrolytes have been studied since 1975, when P. V. Wright discovered the conduction of sodium ions in polyethylene oxide (PEO).
- the intrinsic solid polymer electrolyte has high chemical and electrochemical stability, and has the advantage of using a high capacity lithium metal electrode, but has a problem of low ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- Ion conductivity in intrinsically solid polymer electrolytes was found to be closely related to the local degree of motion of the polymer chains, and various methods to lower the high crystallinity of PEO-based polymer electrolytes have been studied to freely dissociate ions. .
- Korean Patent No. 1232607 relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane for a lithium secondary battery including an organic-inorganic composite copolymer, wherein the organic-inorganic composite copolymer is polymerized by reversible addition segment chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) to form a polymer electrolyte membrane. Can be formed.
- RAFT reversible addition segment chain transfer polymerization
- Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2017-0083387 relates to an electrolyte including a block copolymer, which may also be obtained by a RAFT reaction.
- the block copolymer is obtained by a RAFT (Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization) reaction, and discloses using monomers, chain transfer agents, ionic liquids, lithium salts and initiators as raw materials.
- RAFT Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization
- Patent Document 1 Korean Registered Patent No. 1232607
- Patent Document 2 Korean Patent Publication No. 2017-0083387
- RFT Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization
- a polymer electrolyte membrane was prepared using sorbate ion liquid together. It was confirmed that the polymer electrolyte membrane thus prepared was excellent in ion conductivity and fluidity of the electrolyte membrane itself, and was advantageous in improving battery performance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polymer electrolyte membrane as described above.
- a polymer comprising a monomer containing an ethylene oxide (ethylene oxide, EO) repeating unit; Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agent (RAFT agent), in which styrene groups are introduced at both ends; And a sorbate ionic liquid (SIL) containing a lithium salt and a glyme-based material or an amide-based material.
- ethylene oxide ethylene oxide, EO
- RAFT agent Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agent
- SIL sorbate ionic liquid
- the polymer electrolyte 40 to 60% by weight of a polymer containing a monomer containing the ethylene oxide repeating unit; 3 to 10% by weight of the RAFT agent; And 30 to 50 wt% of a sorbate ionic liquid containing the lithium salt and the glyme-based material.
- the monomer containing the ethylene oxide repeating unit may be one or more selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA) and polyethylene glycol methyl methacrylate (poly (ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate, PEGMEMA).
- PEGMEA polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate
- PEGMEMA polyethylene glycol methyl methacrylate
- the RAFT agent may be introduced with a styrene functional group having a C ⁇ C double bond at both ends.
- the RAFT agent may be crosslinked with the polymer.
- the molar ratio of the lithium salt and the glyme-based material may be 1: 0.1-3, and the molar ratio of the lithium salt and the amide-based material may be 1: 1-6.
- the glyme-based material may be one or more selected from the group consisting of monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme.
- the lithium salt is LiSCN, LiN (CN) 2 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C, LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiSbF 6 and LiPF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 and LiB ( C 2 O 4 ) 2 It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the solvate ionic liquid may be impregnated in the chain of the polymer or included in swelled form.
- the polymer electrolyte may be a polymer electrolyte membrane in a network form.
- the present invention also provides a monomer containing an (S1) ethylene oxide repeating unit; RAFT agent; Solvate Ionic Liquid (SIL) containing lithium salts and glyme or amide materials; And an initiator; (S2) removing oxygen from the mixed solution obtained in the step (S1); And (S3) applying and curing the mixed solution from which oxygen is removed in step (S2) on a substrate to provide a method for producing a polymer electrolyte.
- S1 ethylene oxide repeating unit
- RAFT agent Solvate Ionic Liquid (SIL) containing lithium salts and glyme or amide materials
- an initiator S2 removing oxygen from the mixed solution obtained in the step (S1)
- S3 applying and curing the mixed solution from which oxygen is removed in step (S2) on a substrate to provide a method for producing a polymer electrolyte.
- step (S1) 40 to 60% by weight of a monomer containing an ethylene oxide repeating unit; 3 to 10 weight percent RAFT agent; 30 to 50% by weight of a sorbate ionic liquid containing lithium salt and glymeic material; And 0.1 to 1% by weight of the initiator; may be mixed.
- the curing may be thermal curing or photocuring.
- the present invention also provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a polymer electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte according to the present invention can be prepared in the form of a polymer membrane having a homogeneous and low-crosslinked network shape by RAFT polymerization using a RAFT agent, thereby improving the mobility reduction of the polymer chain, and Using a polymer electrolyte can solve the problem of leakage of the battery assembly.
- ionic conductivity may be improved by using a sorbate ionic liquid in preparing the polymer electrolyte.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a sorbate ionic liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows a 1 H-NMR graph of the RAFT agent (Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization agent) synthesized in Preparation Example 1 of the present invention.
- Figure 3a is a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) graph for the solvate ionic liquid (SIL) synthesized in Preparation Example 2 of the present invention
- Figure 3b is a brush synthesized in Preparation Example 2 of the present invention The photograph shows the results of the ignition test on the bait ionic liquid.
- Figure 4 is a photograph showing the results of visually confirming the form of the polymer electrolyte prepared in Examples 1, 3 Comparative Examples 1,2 of the present invention.
- Example 5 is a graph showing the results of measuring the voltage stability of the polymer electrolyte prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte prepared by reversible addition fragment fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), and to a polymer electrolyte having a uniform, low crosslinked network form and high ion conductivity.
- RAFT reversible addition fragment fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
- the polymer electrolyte of the present invention is a polymer comprising a monomer containing an ethylene oxide repeat unit; Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agent (RAFT agent), in which styrene groups are introduced at both ends; And a sorbate ionic liquid (SIL) containing a lithium salt and a glyme-based material or an amide-based material.
- RAFT agent Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agent
- SIL sorbate ionic liquid
- the polymer electrolyte may include a random copolymer including the SIL and a repeating unit having ethylene oxide and styrene.
- the polymer including the monomer containing the ethylene oxide repeating unit may be included in 40 to 60% by weight, preferably 43 to 57% by weight, more preferably 45 to 55% by weight based on the total weight of the polymer electrolyte. If it is less than the above range, leakage may occur, and if it is above the above range, ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte may decrease.
- the RAFT agent may function as a crosslinker and a chain transfer agent during the preparation of the polymer electrolyte, thereby enabling the formation of a uniform and low-cost network electrolyte polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the RAFT agent may be included in the polymer electrolyte in a crosslinked state with the polymer containing the ethylene oxide monomer, thereby enabling formation of a polymer electrolyte membrane having a uniform and inexpensive network form.
- the RAFT agent may be included in 3 to 10% by weight, preferably 4 to 9% by weight, more preferably 5 to 8% by weight based on the total weight of the polymer electrolyte. If it is less than the above range, leakage may occur, and if it is above the above range, ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte may decrease.
- the RAFT agent is one selected from the group consisting of 3,4-divinylbenzyl trithiocarbonate (DVBTC) represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and (Trithiocarbonate) represented by the following Chemical Formula 2.
- DVDTC 3,4-divinylbenzyl trithiocarbonate
- Trithiocarbonate represented by the following Chemical Formula 2.
- the Solvate Ionic Liquid may function to improve the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte.
- the sorbate ionic liquid may be impregnated in the chain of the polymer containing the ethylene oxide repeat unit or contained in swelled form.
- the sorbate ionic liquid may be included in an amount of 30 to 50 wt%, preferably 25 to 45 wt%, more preferably 30 to 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the polymer electrolyte. If it is less than the above range, leakage may occur, and if it is above the above range, ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte may decrease.
- the sorbate ionic liquid may contain a lithium salt and a glyme-based material, or may contain a lithium salt and an amide-based material.
- the molar ratio of the glyme-based material to the lithium salt is 1: 0.1 to 3, preferably 1: 0.1 to 2, more preferably 1: 0.5 to 1.5.
- Solvent ionic liquids cannot be formed if the molar ratio of the glymeic material to the lithium salt is below or above the above range.
- the glyme-based material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme.
- the glyme based material contains oxygen to coordinate lithium salts.
- the lithium salt is LiSCN, LiN (CN) 2 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C, LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiSbF 6 , LiPF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 and LiB ( C 2 O 4 ) 2 It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the lithium salt is LiN (SO 2 F) 2 Or LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 In this case, it may be more advantageous to improve the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the polymer electrolyte.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a sorbate ionic liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sorbate ionic liquid has a structure in which lithium 11 of a lithium salt is coordinated with oxygen of the glyme-based material 10 and a structure in which anion X ⁇ 12 of the lithium salt is present.
- X ⁇ may be, for example, FSI ⁇ (fluorosulfonylimide) or TFSI ⁇ ((trifluoromethane) sulfonimide).
- tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether is illustrated as an example of a glyme type material. Containing such sorbate ionic liquid causes excessive formation of coordination bonds between the monomer polymer containing ethylene oxide repeat unit and lithium ions as compared with the case where the electrolyte does not contain sorbate ionic liquid, thereby preventing the movement of lithium. Can be prevented effectively.
- an electrolyte having excellent electrochemical stability and lithium ion mobility on the surface of a lithium cathode electrode may be obtained by coordinating a combination of lithium and a glyme-based material to obtain an electrolyte having excellent ion conductivity.
- the solvate ionic liquid has an excellent effect of stabilizing the lithium metal surface as one of the Lewis bases, and has an excellent effect of inhibiting lithium dendrite formation on the lithium metal negative electrode surface.
- the sorbate ionic liquid contains a lithium salt and an amide substance
- the molar ratio of the lithium salt and the amide substance is 1: 1 to 6, preferably 1: 2 to 6, and more preferably 1: 3 to 5 may be. If the molar ratio of the amide-based material to the lithium salt is less than or above the above range, it is impossible to form a sorbate ionic liquid.
- the amide-based material is N-methylacetamide (NMAC), acetamide, N-methylpropionamide, N-ethylacetamide, propionamide, formamide, N-methylformamide, N-ethylformamide , N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and N, N-diethylacetamide may be at least one selected from the group consisting of: N- Methylacetamide.
- the polymer electrolyte according to the present invention may be a polymer electrolyte membrane in the form of a network.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane having a uniform and inexpensive network form may be formed.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a polymer electrolyte having high ion conductivity with a uniform, low-crosslinked network form using RAFT polymerization.
- Method for producing a polymer electrolyte according to the present invention (S1) monomer containing an ethylene oxide (ethylene oxide, EO) repeat unit; RAFT agent; And Solvate Ionic Liquid (SIL) containing lithium salts and glyme-based or amide-based materials; And mixing the initiator; (S2) removing oxygen from the mixed solution obtained in the step (S1); And (S3) applying the mixed solution from which oxygen is removed in step (S2) onto the substrate to cure.
- S1 monomer containing an ethylene oxide (ethylene oxide, EO) repeat unit
- RAFT agent RAFT agent
- SIL Solvate Ionic Liquid
- step (S1) a monomer containing an ethylene oxide repeating unit; RAFT agent; Solvate Ionic Liquid (SIL) containing lithium salts and glyme or amide materials; And an initiator; can be mixed.
- RAFT agent Solvate Ionic Liquid (SIL) containing lithium salts and glyme or amide materials
- SIL Solvate Ionic Liquid
- the monomer containing the ethylene oxide repeating unit is specifically, polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, PEGMEA) and polyethylene glycol methyl methacrylate (poly (ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate, PEGMEMA) It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of, preferably PEGMEA.
- the monomer containing the ethylene oxide repeating unit is the total weight of the four mixed materials, that is, the monomer containing the ethylene oxide repeating unit, the RAFT agent, the sorbate ionic liquid and the initiator containing the lithium salt and the glyme based material. 40 to 60% by weight, preferably 43 to 57% by weight, more preferably 45 to 55% by weight. If the amount is less than the above ranges may be formed, the leakage may occur, the ion conductivity of the polymer electrolyte may be lowered if the above ranges
- the initiator may allow the RAFT polymerization reaction to be initiated.
- the initiator is azobis (isobutyronitrile) [AIBN (Azobis (isobutyronitrile)], benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, Dilauryl peroxide, di-t-butyl Di-tert-butylperoxide, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl-hexanoate, Cumyl hydroperoxide, Hydrogen peroxide , 2,2-azobis (2-cyanobutane) [2,2-Azobis (2-cyanobutane)], 2,2-azobis (methylbutyronitrile) [2,2-Azobis (Methylbutyronitrile)] and It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of azobisdimethyl valeronitrile [AMVN (Azobisdimethyl-Valeronitrile)], preferably azobis (isobutyronitrile) [AIBN (Azobis (isobutyronitrile)].
- AIBN
- the initiator is 0.1 to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the four mixed materials, i.e. monomers containing ethylene oxide repeat units, RAFT agents, sorbate ionic liquids containing lithium salts and glyme-based materials and initiators , Preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. If it is less than the above range RAFT polymerization reaction may not be initiated, even if it exceeds the above range, RAFT polymerization reaction does not start more smoothly, there is no benefit from the above range.
- step (S2) oxygen may be removed from the mixed solution obtained in step (S1). Since the oxygen serves to remove radicals required for the polymerization reaction, it is preferable to remove oxygen from the mixed solution.
- the method for removing oxygen may be a bubbling or freeze-pump-thaw method, and preferably, oxygen may be removed by nitrogen bubbling.
- step (S3) the mixed solution from which oxygen is removed in step (S2) may be applied and cured on a substrate.
- the method of applying the oxygen-free mixed solution on the substrate may be selected from the group consisting of a spray method, a screen printing method, a doctor blade method, and a slot die method, but may be used in the art to apply a solution on a substrate. If so, it is not limited to this.
- the polymer electrolyte specifically, the polymer electrolyte membrane formed on the substrate may be peeled off.
- the substrate may preferably be a release film.
- the release film is not particularly limited as long as it is a release film used in the art, for example, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutyrene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate; Polyimide resins; Acrylic resins; Styrene resins such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile-styrene; Polycarbonate resins; Polylactic acid resins; Polyurethane resins; Polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers; Vinyl resins such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride; Polyamide resins; Sulfone resins; Polyether ether ketone resins; Allyl resins; Alternatively, a release film formed of a mixture of the above resins may be used.
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutyrene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate,
- the curing may be thermosetting or photocuring.
- the thermosetting may be to be cured by heating to a temperature of 50 to 80 °C, preferably 55 to 75 °C, more preferably 60 to 70 °C.
- the thermosetting temperature is less than the above range, curing is not performed as desired, so that the polymer electrolyte may not be obtained.
- the thermosetting temperature is above the above range, physical properties of the polymer electrolyte itself may be modified.
- the photocuring may be UV curing.
- the present invention also relates to a lithium secondary battery comprising the polymer electrolyte as described above.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte interposed therebetween, wherein a polymer electrolyte as described above may be used as the electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte exhibits high lithium ion conductivity while satisfying both electrochemically excellent voltage stability and cation transport rate, and thus can be preferably used as an electrolyte of a battery, thereby improving performance of the battery.
- the electrolyte may further include a material used for this purpose in order to further increase the lithium ion conductivity.
- the polymer electrolyte further includes an inorganic solid electrolyte or an organic solid electrolyte.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is a ceramic-based material, a crystalline or amorphous and crystalline materials can be used, Thio-LISICON (Li 3. 25 Ge 0 .25 P 0.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte such as a
- organic solid electrolytes examples include polymer derivatives such as polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate ester polymers, poly-agitation lysine, polyester sulfides, polyvinyl alcohols, and polyvinylidene fluoride. What mixed lithium salt can be used. At this time, these may be used alone or in combination of at least one.
- the specific application method to the polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a method known by those skilled in the art may be selected or selected and applied.
- the lithium secondary battery in which the polymer electrolyte is applicable as an electrolyte is not limited to a positive electrode or a negative electrode, and is particularly applicable to lithium-air batteries, lithium oxide batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium metal batteries, and all-solid-state batteries that operate at high temperatures. .
- Oxides, sulfides or halides may be used, and more specifically, TiS 2 , ZrS 2 , RuO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , Mo 6 S 8 , V 2 O 5, etc. may be used, but is not limited thereto. no.
- Such a positive electrode active material may be formed on a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- carbon on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel, The surface-treated with nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may use various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric having fine irregularities formed on a surface thereof so as to increase the adhesion with the positive electrode active material.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode mixture layer having a negative electrode active material formed on the negative electrode current collector, or uses a negative electrode mixture layer (for example, lithium foil) alone.
- the type of the negative electrode current collector or the negative electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a known material may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and for example, carbon on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel , Surface-treated with nickel, titanium, silver, and the like, aluminum-cadmium alloy, and the like can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector like the positive electrode current collector, may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a nonwoven fabric having fine irregularities formed on a surface thereof.
- the negative electrode active material is one selected from the group consisting of crystalline artificial graphite, crystalline natural graphite, amorphous hard carbon, low crystalline soft carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, super-P, graphene, fibrous carbon Carbon-based material, Si-based material, LixFe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Sn x Me 1 - x Me ' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe Me ': Al, B, P, Si, Group 1, 2, 3, Periodic Table of Elements, Halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8) Metal composite oxides; Lithium metal; Lithium alloys; Silicon-based alloys; Tin-based alloys; SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb
- the negative electrode active material is Sn x Me 1 - x Me ' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, group 1, 2, 3 of the periodic table)
- Metal complex oxides such as an element, a halogen, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 and An oxide such as Bi 2 O 5 may be used, and a carbon-based negative active material such as crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon or a carbon composite may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- the electrode mixture layer may further include a binder resin, a conductive material, a filler and other additives.
- the binder resin is used for bonding the electrode active material and the conductive material and the current collector.
- binder resins include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetra Fluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, various copolymers thereof, and the like.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- sulfonated-EPDM styrene-butadiene rubber
- fluorine rubber various copolymers thereof, and the like.
- the said conductive material is used in order to improve the electroconductivity of an electrode active material further.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- Examples of the conductive material include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon blacks such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and summer black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride powder, aluminum powder and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Polyphenylene derivatives and the like can be used.
- the filler is optionally used as a component for inhibiting the expansion of the electrode, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the filler include olefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; Fibrous materials, such as glass fiber and carbon fiber, are used.
- the shape of the lithium secondary battery as described above is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, jelly-roll type, stack type, stack-fold type (including stack-Z-fold type), or lamination-stack type. It may be stack-foldable.
- the electrode assembly After preparing an electrode assembly in which the negative electrode, the polymer electrolyte, and the positive electrode are sequentially stacked, the electrode assembly is placed in a battery case, and then sealed by a cap plate and a gasket to manufacture a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery can be classified into various batteries such as lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-air battery, lithium-oxide battery, lithium all-solid battery according to the cathode / cathode material used, and are cylindrical, square and coin type depending on the shape. It can be classified into pouch type, and can be divided into bulk type and thin film type according to the size. Since the structure and manufacturing method of these batteries are well known in the art, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can be used as a power source for devices requiring high capacity and high rate characteristics.
- the device include a power tool moving by being driven by an electric motor; Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and the like; Electric two-wheeled vehicles including electric bicycles (E-bikes) and electric scooters; Electric golf carts; Power storage systems, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- trithiocarbonate (3,4-divinylbenzyl trithiocarbonate, DVBTC), which is a RAFT agent, was synthesized.
- the reaction was terminated by putting the solution in progress in excess deionized water (DI water) refrigerated.
- DI water deionized water
- the solution was mixed with 300 mL of ethyl acetate (ethyl acetate, EtAC, Sigma-Aldrich), and a yellow funnel of the EtAC layer was collected using a separatory funnel, and magnesium sulfate (magnesium sulfate) was obtained. sulfate, MgSO 4 ) to remove residual moisture.
- reaction was separated by filtration and the EtAc was removed using a rotary evaporator, followed by vacuum drying (at room temperature, 24 h) to remove residual solvent.
- RAFT agent (3,4-divinylbenzyl trithiocarbonate, DVBTC) in the form of a yellow oil.
- Figure 2 shows a 1 H-NMR graph of the RAFT agent (Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization agent) synthesized in Preparation Example 1 of the present invention.
- NMAC N-methylacetamide
- LiTFSI trifluoromethane
- DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter
- Figure 3a shows a DSC graph for the sorbate ionic liquid synthesized in Preparation Example 2 of the present invention.
- the DSC measurement over ⁇ 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. showed no phase change of the synthesized SIL (Li [NMAC] [TFSI]), and it was confirmed that the thermal stability was excellent.
- Figure 3b is a photograph showing the results of the ignition test for the sorbate ionic liquid synthesized in Preparation Example 2 of the present invention.
- the ignition test for the synthesized SIL (Li [NMAC] [TFSI]) using the torch did not ignite, and it was confirmed that the flame retardancy was excellent therefrom.
- polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA, Sigma-Aldrich, Mn: 480) as a monomer; DVBTC synthesized in Preparation Example 1 as a RAFT agent; SIL synthesized to contain NMAC and LiTFSI according to the same method as Preparation Example 2; And mixing the mixed solution by using a vortex for 1 minute so that the initiator can be completely dissolved after measurement in 20 mL of reaction vial such that AIBN (Azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as a initiator has a total of 2 g.
- AIBN Azobis (isobutyronitrile)
- the SIL was synthesized according to the same method as Preparation Example 2, but synthesized to satisfy the composition ratio as shown in Table 1.
- the mixed solution was bubbled with nitrogen for 2 minutes to remove residual oxygen from the mixed solution.
- the mixed solution from which the residual oxygen was removed was applied onto a release film (Polyester film (SKC, SH71S, 100 ⁇ m)) and thermoset.
- thermosetting method was carried out in two steps as follows.
- Step 1 After heating the temperature of the hot plate in the glove box to 65 ° C., the mixed solution was applied using a dropper onto the release film.
- Step 2 Using the release film, the mixed solution was spread evenly and heat cured for 24 h.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane was peeled off from the release film.
- Example 1 the polymerization reaction in preparing the polymer electrolyte is shown in Scheme 2 below.
- the polymerized polymer electrolyte is a typical cross-linked form of PEGMEA (-) and RAFT agent (---).
- a polymer electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, but using a photocuring method according to the composition as described in Table 1 above.
- the SIL was synthesized according to the same method as Preparation Example 2, but synthesized to satisfy the composition ratio as described in Table 1 above was used.
- the photocuring method was carried out in two steps as follows.
- Step 1 The mixed solution was applied using a dropper onto the release film and then the mixed solution was spread evenly on the release film.
- Step 2 The release film to which the mixed solution was applied was placed in a UV black light chamber and subjected to UV curing for 1 h.
- a polymer electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, but according to the composition as described in Table 1 above.
- the SIL was synthesized according to the same method as Preparation Example 2, but synthesized to satisfy the composition ratio as shown in Table 1.
- the polymer electrolytes prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated by measuring ion conductivity, voltage stability, and cation transport rate in the following manner.
- Ion conductivity is measured using a potentiostat after producing a coin cell in the form of SUS (Steel Use Stainless) / Polymer Electrolyte / SUS. Measured by applying a voltage of.
- Figure 4 is a photograph showing the results of visually confirming the form of the polymer electrolyte prepared in Examples 1, 3 Comparative Examples 1,2 of the present invention.
- Examples 1, 3 and Comparative Example 2 is in the form of a polymer electrolyte membrane
- Comparative Example 1 can be seen that the polymer electrolyte membrane is not formed in the form of a viscous liquid (viscous liquid).
- Voltage stability was measured by using a potentiostat after producing a coin cell in the form of Li metal / polymer electrolyte / SUS, and a scanning speed of 5 mV / s in the range of -0.5 to 8V. It was measured by (scan rate).
- Example 5 is a graph showing the results of measuring the voltage stability of the polymer electrolyte prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.
- the polymer electrolyte of Example 3 has an oxidation reaction at a 4.2 V level, and thus has excellent voltage stability.
- the cation transport rate was made of a coin cell in the form of Li metal / polymer electrolyte / Li metal, followed by applying a voltage of 10 mV and measuring current change for 20 h.
- the cation transport rate (t Li + ) was calculated as the ratio of the amount of current in the steady state (I S ) and the amount of current in the initial state (I 0 ) according to Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 it can be seen that the cation transport rate of the polymer electrolyte prepared in Example 3 is 0.39.
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Abstract
Description
| (단위: 중량%) | 단량체 | RAFT agent(제조예1) | SIL(제조예2) | 개시제 | 경화방식 | |
| PEGMEA | DVBTC | NMAC | LiTFSI | |||
| 실시예 1 | 54.74 | 4.97 | 20.09 | 19.72 | 0.48(AIBN) | 열경화 |
| 실시예 2 | 57.42 | 3.93 | 19.31 | 18.96 | 0.38(Irgacure 819) | 광경화 |
| 실시예 3 | 58.68 | 2.01 | 19.74 | 19.37 | 0.19(Irgacure 819) | 광경화 |
| 비교예 1 | 57.74 | 4.98(2-(도데실티오카르보노티오일티오)-2-메틸프로피온산) | 20.09 | 19.72 | 0.48(Irgacure 819) | 광경화 |
| 비교예 2 | 48.32(PEO) | - | 20.18 | 31.49 | - | - |
| σ (S/cm) | 고분자 전해질의 형태 | |
| 실시예1 | 4.5 x 10-5 | Free-standing film |
| 실시예2 | 1.9 x 10-4 | Free-standing film |
| 실시예3 | 2.1 x 10-4 | Free-standing film |
| 비교예 1 | - | 가교되지 않은 고분자 전해질 (점성액 형태) |
| 비교예 2 | 1.8 x 10-5 | Free-standing film |
Claims (16)
- 에틸렌 옥사이드(ethylene oxide, EO) 반복단위를 함유하는 단량체를 포함하는 중합체;양 말단에 스티렌기가 도입된, 가역적 첨가 분절 사슬 이동 중합제(Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization agent, RAFT agent); 및리튬염과 글라임계 물질 또는 아미드계 물질을 함유하는 솔베이트 이온성 액체(Solvate Ionic Liquid, SIL);를 포함하는 고분자 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 에틸렌 옥사이드 반복단위를 함유하는 단량체를 포함하는 중합체 40 내지 60 중량%;상기 RAFT agent 3 내지 10 중량%; 및상기 리튬염과 글라임계 물질 또는 아미드계 물질을 함유하는 솔베이트 이온성 액체 30 내지 50 중량%;를 포함하는, 고분자 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 에틸렌 옥사이드 반복단위를 함유하는 단량체는 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 메틸 에테르 아크릴레이트(PEGMEA) 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 메틸 메타크릴레이트(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate, PEGMEMA)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 RAFT agent는 양 말단에 C=C 이중결합을 가지는 스티렌 작용기가 도입된 것인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 RAFT agent는 상기 중합체와 가교된 것인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 솔베이트 이온성 액체에서, 상기 리튬염과 글라임계 물질의 몰비는 1 : 0.1 내지 3이고, 상기 리튬염과 아미드계 물질의 몰비는 1 : 1 내지 6인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 글라임계 물질은 모노글라임, 디글라임, 트리글라임 및 테트라글라임으로 구성된 군에서 선택된 1종 이상인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 아미드계 물질은 N-메틸아세트아미드(N-methylacetamide, NMAC), 아세트아미드, N-메틸프로피온아미드, N-에틸아세트아미드, 프로피온아미드, 포름아미드, N-메틸포름아미드, N-에틸포름아미드, N,N-디메틸포름아미드, N,N-디에틸포름아미드, N,N-디메틸아세트아미드 및 N,N-디에틸아세트아미드로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 LiSCN, LiN(CN)2, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCF3SO3, LiN(SO2F)2, Li(CF3SO2)3C, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, LiSbF6, LiPF3(CF2CF3)3, LiPF3(C2F5)3, LiPF3(CF3)3 및 LiB(C2O4)2 로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 솔베이트 이온성 액체는 상기 중합체의 사슬 내부에 함침되어 있거나, 또는 스웰링된 형태로 포함된 것인, 고분자 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 고분자 전해질은 네트워크(network) 형태의 고분자 전해질막인, 고분자 전해질.
- (S1) 에틸렌 옥사이드(ethylene oxide, EO) 반복단위를 함유하는 단량체; RAFT agent; 리튬염과 글라임계 물질 또는 아미드계 물질을 함유하는 솔베이트 이온성 액체(Solvate Ionic Liquid, SIL); 및 개시제;를 혼합하는 단계;(S2) 상기 (S1) 단계에서 얻은 혼합액으로부터 산소를 제거하는 단계; 및(S3) 상기 (S2) 단계에서 산소가 제거된 혼합액을 기재 상에 도포하여 경화시키는 단계;를 포함하는, 고분자 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 (S1) 단계에서, 에틸렌 옥사이드 반복단위를 함유하는 단량체 40 내지 60 중량%; RAFT agent 3 내지 10 중량%; 리튬염과 글라임계 물질 또는 아미드계 물질을 함유하는 솔베이트 이온성 액체 30 내지 50 중량%; 및 개시제 0.1 내지 1 중량%;를 혼합하는 것인, 고분자 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 (S3) 단계에서, 상기 경화는 열경화 또는 광경화인, 고분자 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항의 고분자 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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| JP2021503689A JP7053945B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 | 2019-07-03 | 高分子電解質及びこの製造方法 |
| ES19840098T ES3028095T3 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2019-07-03 | Polymer electrolyte and manufacturing method therefor |
| EP19840098.8A EP3764450B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2019-07-03 | Polymer electrolyte and manufacturing method therefor |
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| JP7053945B2 (ja) | 2022-04-12 |
| EP3764450A4 (en) | 2021-06-23 |
| KR20200011691A (ko) | 2020-02-04 |
| KR102244912B1 (ko) | 2021-04-26 |
| ES3028095T3 (en) | 2025-06-18 |
| HUE071219T2 (hu) | 2025-08-28 |
| EP3764450A1 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
| CN111886743A (zh) | 2020-11-03 |
| EP3764450B1 (en) | 2025-04-23 |
| CN111886743B (zh) | 2024-07-05 |
| JP2021518048A (ja) | 2021-07-29 |
| US20210028488A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
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