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WO2019211795A1 - Extraction assistée par micro-ondes à écoulement continu de biomasse de cannabis - Google Patents

Extraction assistée par micro-ondes à écoulement continu de biomasse de cannabis Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019211795A1
WO2019211795A1 PCT/IB2019/053608 IB2019053608W WO2019211795A1 WO 2019211795 A1 WO2019211795 A1 WO 2019211795A1 IB 2019053608 W IB2019053608 W IB 2019053608W WO 2019211795 A1 WO2019211795 A1 WO 2019211795A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biomass
slurry
cannabis
solvent
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/IB2019/053608
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English (en)
Inventor
Steven Splinter
Tomasz Popek
Harmandeep KAUR
Anna BAKOWSKA-BARCZAK
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Radient Technologies Inc
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Radient Technologies Inc
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Publication of WO2019211795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019211795A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/348—Cannabaceae
    • A61K36/3482—Cannabis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0207—Control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0211—Solvent extraction of solids in combination with an electric or magnetic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0292—Treatment of the solvent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0215—Solid material in other stationary receptacles
    • B01D11/0223—Moving bed of solid material
    • B01D11/0226—Moving bed of solid material with the general transport direction of the solids parallel to the rotation axis of the conveyor, e.g. worm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/028—Flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is generally related to a method and apparatus for processing cannabis biomass to increase yield and purity of cannabis extract and a composition of cannabis biomass of less than 0.3% concentration of one or more cannabinoids.
  • Cannabis is a genus belonging to the family of cannabaceae. Three common species include Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. The genus has been indigenous to Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Cannabis has a long history being used for medicinal, therapeutic, and recreational purposes. The importance of cannabis in therapeutics is emphasized by the ever-increasing number of research publication related to the new indications for cannabis. For example, pharmaceutical research companies are presently developing new natural cannabinoid formulations and delivery systems to meet various regulatory requirements. Cannabis is known, for example, to be capable of relieving nausea (such as that accompanying chemotherapy), pain, vomiting, spasticity in multiple sclerosis, and increase hunger in anorexia.
  • cannabis or “cannabis biomass” encompasses the Cannabis sativa plant and also variants thereof, including subspecies sativa, indica and ruderalis, cannabis cultivars, and cannabis chemovars (varieties characterised by chemical composition), which naturally contain different amounts of the individual cannabinoids, and also plants which are the result of genetic crosses.
  • cannabis chemovars variants characterised by chemical composition
  • the term “cannabis biomass” is to be interpreted accordingly as encompassing plant material derived from one or more cannabis plants.
  • Decarboxylation may be hastened by heating the cannabis biomass, such as when the cannabis biomass is smoked or vaporized.
  • the principle cannabinoids present in cannabis are the D-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic add (D-9-THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA).
  • D-9-THCA does not have its own psychoactive properties as is, but may be decarboxylated to D-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D-9- THC), which is the most potent psychoactive cannabinoid among known cannabinoids.
  • the neutral form of CBDA is cannabidiol (CBD), which is a major cannabinoid substituent in hemp cannabis.
  • CBD is non-psychoadive and is widely known to have therapeutic potential for a variety of medical conditions.
  • the proportion of cannabinoids in the plant may vary from species to species, as well as vary within the same species at different times and seasons.
  • the proportion of cannabinoids in a plant may further depend upon soil, climate, and harvesting methods.
  • the proportion of the cannabinoids present in a plant variety the psychoactive and medicinal effects obtained from different plant varieties may vary.
  • a specific variety of cannabis may be considered more effective or potent than others (c.g., in providing the desired physiological effect at a desired level in an individual).
  • some specific combinations of pharmacologically active compounds in a cannabis variety may be more desirable in comparison to other varieties.
  • the retention of the full mix of cannabinoids present in the original plant may be desirable for some varieties, while other varieties may be preferred in altered form due to the variances in the specific cannabinoid composition and concentrations. Such variance is further exacerbated by the presence of certain terpenoid or phenolic compounds, which may have pharmacological activity of their own and which may be desired at different concentrations in different combinations.
  • compounds may be extracted from cannabis by using conventional methods of extraction, such as maceration, decoction, or solvent extraction.
  • conventional methods may suffer from various limitations and disadvantages (e.g., extraction times may be very high so as to be impractical to scale).
  • subjecting the biomass to a prolonged extraction process may risk modification of the plant profile, negative effects on terpenes, or otherwise cause other undesirable effects that lower the quality or purity of the end product.
  • Traditional methods of extraction may therefore hamper quality and purity of the final product.
  • final concentrated or purified active compounds are often diluted or dispersed into an oil, fat or other lipid-based excipient or carrier to a desired concentration for certain uses (e.g., in a pharmaceutical, food, or cosmetic formulation).
  • SFE supercritical fluid extraction
  • Other methods such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) make use of supercritical fluids to selectively remove compounds from solid, semisolid, and liquid matrices in a batch process.
  • SFE is, however, dangerous and requires very high pressures to be employed (> 70 atm).
  • SFE is also inefficient and therefore not conducive to high throughputs, as well as environmentally damaging (e.g., producing large amounts of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide as a by-product).
  • Cannabis smoking has been the topic of a number of clinical and basic research studies, which have focused on the mechanism of the addictive processes and the health hazards associated with cannabis use.
  • cannabisbinoids e.g. A9-THC
  • An efficient solvent extraction method may extract over 95% of the active compounds, leaving 2.5 mg - 10 mg remaining in the biomass.
  • the amount of the D-9-THC in the depleted cannabis mass may be comparable to industrial hemp, a variety of cannabis sativa, which may contain less than 0.3% D-9-THC by weight, or 3 mg D-9-THC per gram. Further, as per cannabis industry, a common dosage of D-9- THC should be equal or greater than 10 mg.
  • the depleted cannabis biomass may contain less D-9-THC than may be required for a normal dose of the D-9-THC, and is functionally inactive.
  • Conventional methods of extracting compounds from cannabis biomass, including SFE may not be sufficiently efficient so as to deplete the cannabis biomass of D-9- THC to a residual level such that the extracted biomass is comparable to industrial hemp and is functionally inactive.
  • a cultivar of cannabis containing approximately 10% of D-9- THC, and for which approximately 20% of the cannabis biomass is comprised of extractable resin an extraction efficiency (percent recovery of available D-9-THC) of 90% would result in a depleted cannabis biomass containing approximately 1.25% of D-9-THC and so still may be functionally active.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for processing cannabis biomass to increase yield and purity of cannabis extract.
  • the method comprises providing a raw cannabis biomass containing target compounds for extraction.
  • the raw cannabis biomass may be ground or pulverized to obtain a prepared cannabis biomass.
  • Slurry may be prepared by adding a solvent to the prepared cannabis biomass.
  • the solvent may be selected based on different dielectrics and solvent parameter properties.
  • the slurry may be heated in a continuous flow microwave assisted extraction apparatus to obtain an extract.
  • the microwave-assisted extraction apparatus may include one or more sensor that may monitor the temperature, pressure, and/or residence time of the slurry.
  • Successively, the spent biomass and the extract may be separated from the slurry.
  • the extract may be treated to obtain a final formulation containing the target compounds in sufficiently high yield and high purity.
  • the spent biomass may be processed to yield less than 0.3% concentration of cannabinoids naturally produced by plants.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram representation of an exemplary system for extracting pharmacologically active ingredients with increased yield and purity from a cannabis biomass.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for extracting
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram representation of an exemplary extraction process where various sensors are placed at different locations thereof.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram representation of exemplary post-extraction processing of separated spent biomass from solvent using a variety of mechanical separation processes.
  • FIG. 5 is a table of test data of concentrations of target compounds present in raw biomass of different cultivars of cannabis.
  • FIG. 6 is a table of test data obtained for different solvent to biomass ratios used for optimal extraction of target compounds from the biomass, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a table of test data of concentrations of THC found in the biomass at different stages of processing.
  • FIG. 8A is a table of test data of concentrations of cannabinoids obtained at different temperature related to the processing.
  • FIG. 8B is a table of test data of concentrations of CBDA obtained at different extractor residence time values related to the processing.
  • FIG. 9 is a table showing an analysis of the concentration of compounds present in various samples of decarboxylated cannabis biomass.
  • FIG. 10 is a table showing an analysis of the concentration of compounds present in spent biomass after extraction for the decarboxylated cannabis biomass.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provides a method for processing cannabis biomass to increase yield and purity of cannabis extract.
  • the method comprises providing a raw cannabis biomass containing target compounds for extraction.
  • the extract may be treated to obtain a final formulation containing the target compounds in sufficiently high yield and high purity.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram representation of an exemplary system 100 for extracting pharmacologically active compounds from biomass
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 200 for extracting pharmacologically active compounds from biomass.
  • System 100 of FIG. 1 includes a raw biomass holding chamber 102, into which a raw biomass may be provided in step 202 of FIG. 2.
  • the raw biomass may contain target compounds for extraction.
  • the raw biomass may be present in the form of dried, ground, non- decarboxylated or decarboxylated flowers (buds) of cannabis plant. Any part of the cannabis biomass that contains cannabinoids can be used or included in the raw biomass that is provided to raw biomass holding chamber 102.
  • the average particle size of the raw biomass may range between 0.5 - 10 mm.
  • the raw biomass may contain target compounds that need to be extracted.
  • the raw biomass may be heated to approximately 125° C for approximately 45 minutes to decarboxylate the cannabinoid carboxylic acids into neutral cannabinoid forms.
  • the mass of decarboxylated cannabis following such treatment may get reduced ( e.g ., 11.7% weight loss).
  • the raw biomass may be dried, non- decarboxylated cannabis biomass.
  • the raw biomass may be fresh, non- dried, non-decarboxylated cannabis biomass.
  • the raw biomass may be sampled and analyzed in sampling chamber 120.
  • the raw biomass may be analyzed to determine cannabinoid content and a cannabinoid profile (of the specific cannabinoids and concentrations thereof) of the sampled raw biomass.
  • the raw biomass may be sampled and analyzed using several methods. Such analysis may be performed using an Ultra High-performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) detection technique. Further, a terpene profile of the raw biomass may be determined using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection (GC-MS).
  • UPLC-MS Ultra High-performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry
  • a terpene profile of the raw biomass may be determined using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection (GC-MS).
  • the sampling and analysis techniques may help in determining the cannabinoid content and the cannabinoid profile of the raw biomass (i.e., THC
  • the raw biomass may be ground into small particles to obtain a prepared biomass in biomass preparation chamber 104.
  • the prepared biomass may then be provided from biomass preparation chamber 104 to a prepared biomass holding chamber 106.
  • the prepared biomass may be used to form a slurry in step 208.
  • the slurry may be formed in a slurry formation chamber 108 where one or more solvents may be added to the prepared biomass from a solvent holding chamber 110.
  • the solvent added to the prepared biomass may be selected with different dielectric and solvent parameter properties.
  • the solvent may be selected from an alcohol group, alkane group, and ketone group, or mixtures of such with water, stored in a solvent holding chamber 110.
  • the prepared biomass may be combined with the solvent to form the slurry.
  • the solvent-to-biomass ratio may be maintained at approximately 5-10 1/kg to ease pumping operation of the slurry. In an embodiment, the solvent-to-raw biomass ratio may be maintained as low as possible.
  • the slurry may be transferred from the slurry formation chamber 108 to an extraction chamber 112 where such slurry is subject to heat at step 210.
  • the slurry may be transported using a set of mechanical conveyors (e.g ., slurry pump, screw conveyor or worm gear).
  • the slurry may be subjected to a thermal process, such as provided by a microwave generator 114.
  • the slurry may be transported into an extraction chamber 112 through a tube.
  • Extraction chamber 112 may include a portion that is microwave transparent, which may allow microwaves (e.g ., generated using a magnetron of microwave generator 112) to pass through and heat the slurry inside the extraction chamber 112.
  • the slurry may be heated within the extraction chamber 112 to a certain temperature by exposing the slurry to the microwave to a predefined time with a predefined microwave energy density range.
  • the slurry may be heated to a temperature range of 20 - 75° C with a contact time of 1 - 30 minutes, and microwave energy density range of 0.1 - 10 kW/kg.
  • Such heating may facilitate the extraction of various (pharmacologically active) compounds from the prepared biomass into the solvent.
  • the conditions of temperature, time and microwave energy density may be determined by the results of the sampling and analysis of the biomass and carefully controlled to maximize purity and yield of the cannabis extract.
  • the now- spent biomass and solvent(s) may be transferred to separation chamber 116, where the slurry is subject to filtration and separation at step 212.
  • separation chamber 116 Such filtration and separation within filtration unit 116 may result in isolating the slurry components from each other: the spent biomass and the solvent(s) containing the extracted compounds.
  • the spent biomass and the solvent(s) containing the extracted compounds may be transferred into spent biomass storage unit 118 and solvent recovery chamber 122, respectively.
  • the separation process may be performed using one or more of several methods, such as filtration, centrifugation, and other similar processes.
  • the spent biomass may be sampled at step 214.
  • Sampling of the spent biomass may be performed in a sampling chamber 120.
  • the spent biomass may be sampled and analyzed to determine remaining cannabinoid content and cannabinoid profile.
  • the spent biomass may be sampled and analyzed using several methods. The analysis may be performed using an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry detection (UPLC-MS). Further, terpene profile of the spent biomass may be determined using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection (GC-MS).
  • UPLC-MS Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry detection
  • terpene profile of the spent biomass may be determined using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection (GC-MS).
  • GC-MS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection
  • the sampling and analytical techniques may help in determining cannabinoid content and profile of the spent biomass (e.
  • the waste spent biomass may be incinerated or mixed with a deactivating agent for disposal.
  • the disposal may be done using a disposal system 128.
  • clay may be used as the deactivating agent.
  • An extract/solvent mixture may first be separated from the spent biomass, and the solvent may then be separated from the extract/solvent mixture and recovered by a solvent recovery chamber 122 at step 216. As a result, a desolventized extract may be obtained.
  • the solvent may be recovered from the extract/solvent mixture by a distillation or evaporation process, so that the solvent may be used in another extraction process. In a preferred embodiment the solvent may be removed using a thin film vacuum evaporation process such as wiped film evaporation.
  • the active compounds may then be combined with a carrier fluid 130 or excipients or other additives (e.g ., medium chain triglycerides) to form a formulated extract.
  • a carrier fluid 130 or excipients or other additives e.g ., medium chain triglycerides
  • the formulation— combination of the extracts with a carrier fluid or excipients— may be performed in a formulation chamber 124.
  • the final formulated extract may be obtained at step 218.
  • the resulting formulation product may then be provided to a product holding chamber 126.
  • the heated formulated extract may be formulated into final formulated extract using at least one of a plurality of formulation methods.
  • the inactive acidic cannabinoids may be activated (decarboxylated) by heating the final formulated extract.
  • sampling of the formulation product may be performed at step 220.
  • Sampling of the formulated extract may be performed in the sampling chamber 120.
  • the formulated extract may comprise A-9-THC, A-9-THCA, CBDA, CBD, other cannabinoids, terpenes, or other medicinal value compounds.
  • the final formulated extract may be sampled and analyzed using several techniques. In a preferred embodiment, analysis of the final formulated extract may be performed to determine cannabinoid content and cannabinoid profile. The analysis may be performed using an Ultra High Performance Liquid
  • UPLC-MS Mass Spectrometry detection
  • Terpene profile of the final formulated extract may be determined using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection (GC-MS).
  • GC-MS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection
  • the sampling and analytical techniques may help in determining the content and profile of the final formulated extract (i.e. THC, THCA, CBD, CBDA or total cannabinoids).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates various sensors placed at different locations during the extraction process.
  • the sensors may be placed at various stages of processing to assess temperature, pressure, elapsed time, and other parameters.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a portion of the process depicted in FIG. 1 and potential placement of example monitoring devices.
  • Temperature of slurry entering the slurry formation chamber 108 may be monitored using a slurry temperature sensor 302.
  • pressure of the incoming slurry may be monitored using an incoming slurry pressure sensor 304.
  • the slurry may be heated to a certain temperature by exposing the slurry to the microwave 114, for a predefined time, with a predefined microwave energy range in the extractor 112.
  • the extractor residence time sensor 306 may monitor an amount of time for which the slurry may be heated in the extractor 112.
  • An extractor output temperature sensor 308 may monitor temperature of the slurry and an extractor output pressure sensor 310 may monitor pressure of the slurry, before the slurry is filtered and separated by the filtration unit 116.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates various post-extraction processing to separate spent (already extracted) biomass from solvent using a variety of mechanical separation processes.
  • the spent biomass may be separated from the solvent using a mechanical separation process 402.
  • the mechanical separation process may include filtration, centrifugation, or any similar method known in the art.
  • a spent biomass 404 may be obtained from the mechanical separation 402.
  • the spent biomass may contain some residual solvent and potentially target compounds. These compounds may be removed using solvent washing, solvent evaporation or chemical neutralization 406.
  • the solvent used for washing may be subjected to additional processes to recover target compounds.
  • the spent biomass may further be processed using vacuum and temperature treatments 408, such as drying and lyophilization (e.g. freeze-drying), to obtain a final spent biomass product 410.
  • the final spent biomass product 410 may be utilized in agricultural or industrial applications requiring non-toxic material that is absorbent and highly fibrous like animal litter, animal feed, and mulch.
  • the solvent may contain the extracted target compounds; these may undergo a chemical or physical treatment 412 for improving purity through removal of less desirable compounds.
  • the solvent may be removed by a solvent recovery process 414 using chemical, pressure, or temperature-based methods, such as vacuum distillation or vacuum evaporation.
  • a formulation 416 obtained post solvent recovery 414 may then contain the target compounds at high purity.
  • compounds may be combined with appropriate diluents, carrier materials, excipients, scents, flavorings, or other elements to create a formulated extract 418 for the desired application.
  • THC may be present in a concentration of, for example, 20 g/1 directly following the extraction step.
  • the THC may be present in a concentration of, for example, 70% w/w.
  • the THC may be diluted into a medium-chain triglyceride carrier oil to concentration of, for example, 30 g/1 ⁇
  • FIG. 5 illustrates test data of concentrations of target compounds present in raw biomass of different cultivars (also referred to as strains) of cannabis.
  • the target compounds in the raw biomass may be measured using a variety of analytic testing devices, including gas chromatographs, high performance liquid chromatographs, or mass spectrometers.
  • Raw biomass may constitute dried, fresh, or frozen cannabis biomass.
  • the cannabis biomass may be comprised of cannabis flowers, leaves, stems or roots or some combination of these.
  • cannabis may be harvested from various cultivars and locations and under different conditions. To ensure high purity of target compounds, the biomass may be sampled and inspected using chemical, mechanical, or optical methods.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates test data related to various samples collected from different cultivars (strains).
  • Cultivar A collected from locationl, on 23 April may contain a concentration of 5.3% THCA w/w (w/w represents the % weight of the compound divided by the total weight) 0.1% THC w/w, and total cannabinoid concentration of 6.5% w/w.
  • Cultivar A collected from location 1, on 04 July may contain a concentration of 4.1% THCA w/w, 0.04% THC w/w, and total cannabinoid concentration of 4.2% w/w.
  • Cultivar B collected from location 1, on 16 October may contain a concentration of 13.7% THCA w/w, 0.7% THC w/w, and total cannabinoid concentration of 14.8% w/w.
  • Cultivar C collected from location 1, on 6 November may contain a concentration of 11.7% THCA w/w, 0.2% THC w/w, and total cannabinoid concentration of 12.4% w/w.
  • Cultivar D collected from location 1, on 14 November may contain a concentration of 14% THCA w/w, 0.2% THC w/w, and total cannabinoid concentration of 14.7% w/w.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates test data obtained for different solvents and solvent-to-biomass ratios used for optimal extraction of target compounds from the biomass.
  • Extraction of the target compounds from the biomass may occur in a solvent.
  • the solvent may be varied to ensure high-yield, high-quality extraction of the target compounds from the specific biomass type.
  • alcohols may be used to extract compounds.
  • the solvent may be for example ethanol (C2H5OH), isopropyl alcohol (IP A, C3H7OH), and the like.
  • the solvent may be an alkane, such as liquefied butane or pentane.
  • FIG. 6 also illustrates various solvents used with the samples collected from various locations.
  • Cultivar A collected from location 1, on 23 April was extracted with ethanol as a solvent.
  • 4 grams of biomass mass used with 24 mL of solvent volume resulted in a recovery of 70% of the available THCA present in the biomass.
  • Cultivar A collected from locationl, on 30 April was extracted with ethanol as the solvent.
  • 4 grams of biomass used with 32 mL of solvent volume resulted in a recovery of 90% of available THCA.
  • Cultivar A collected from location 1, on 23 April was extracted with pentane as a solvent.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates test data of concentrations of THC found in the biomass at different stages of processing.
  • Samples taken from various inputs and outputs of the process may be analyzed.
  • Optical, chemical, or mechanical methods may be utilized to assess purity of the target compounds.
  • Raw biomass may indicate harvested organic materials; spent biomass may indicate organic matter subjected to extraction and separated from the solvents; formulation may indicate final target compounds following removal of both spent biomass and residual solvent.
  • a sample of material collected at any of these process stages may be assessed for a compound of interest.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates THC content concentrations found in samples collected at different stages of the processing. In one case, 14% concentration of THC was found to be present in the raw biomass. In another case, 0.8% concentration of THC was found to be present in the spent biomass. In another case, 72% concentration of THC was found to be present in the final formulation.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates test data of concentrations of THCA or CBDA obtained at different temperatures related to the processing, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates test data of concentrations of THCA or CBDA obtained at different extractor residence time values related to the processing. Sensors may monitor temperature, flow rate, or residence time. Extractor residence time may indicate a total amount of time for which a specific volume of slurry is exposed to the microwave extraction process. The presence of extractor residence time monitoring sensors may ensure residence time is optimized for both high levels of extraction and maximum throughput without damage to any target compounds.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates % cannabinoid recovery at various input slurry temperatures and extractor output temperatures.
  • sample Run 06 at an input slurry temperature of 23°C and an extractor output temperature of 23°C, 86% of THCA recovery was determined.
  • sample Run03 at an input slurry temperature of 23°C and an extractor output temperature of 27°C, 93% of THCA recovery was determined.
  • sample Run07 at an input slurry temperature of 23°C and an extractor output temperature of 40°C, 85% of CBDA recovery was determined.
  • an input slurry temperature of 22°C and an extractor output temperature of 60°C 91% of THC recovery was determined.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates CBDA % recovery at different extractor residence times.
  • pressure sensors may be located at various points within the process.
  • pressure of the slurry may be measured before the slurry enters into microwave extractor and again after the extraction run is complete. A net change in the pressure may be calculated from the sensor readings. Pressure adjustments may be made to prevent process upsets and improve product consistency.
  • extraction of the target compounds may be performed in a microwave extractor, where power of the microwaves could be adjusted.
  • the biomass-solvent slurry flows through a chamber while being subjected to the microwaves.
  • duration of the slurry residence time in the extractor may be a function of both the slurry flow rate and length and volume of the chamber through which the slurry travels.
  • Adjustment of the microwave parameters, the flow rate, or the chamber dimensions may be utilized to permit maximum extraction of the target compounds, while limiting extraction of less desirable compounds and minimizing run time.
  • sampling and analysis of the spent biomass may be performed to determine the cannabinoid content and the cannabinoid profile in the composition of the extracted (spent) cannabis biomass.
  • the composition of the cannabis biomass may include one or more cannabinoids having a total concentration of less than 0.3%.
  • the cannabinoids may be naturally produced by plants, and may be selected from a group consisting of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), and Cannabichromene (CBC).
  • the composition may include one or more terpenoids having a total concentration of less than 3%.
  • the one or more terpenoids may be naturally produced by the plants, and may be selected from a group consisting of Limonene, Humulene, Pinene, Linalool, Caryophyllene, and Myrcene, for example.
  • the composition may contain low terpenes (i.e., the one or more terpenoids) in order to have low odor and/or flavor.
  • the composition may include one or more flavonoids naturally produced by the plants having a total concentration of less than 3%.
  • the composition of the cannabis biomass may include 20 - 80% concentration of original chlorophyll, cellulose, and non-active compounds. It should be noted that the composition of the cannabis biomass may include cannabis sativa biomass depleted of A-9-T1TC below a specific threshold.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a table showing an analysis of the concentration of compounds present in various samples of decarboxylated cannabis biomass a comparison made between concentrations of compounds present in various samples of non-decarboxylated cannabis biomass at a biomass preparation step.
  • the various samples may include sample 1, sample 2, and sample 3.
  • Sample 1 of the cannabis biomass may have been analyzed by U1TPLC to contain 10.88% of THCA, 2.36% of THC, 11.90% of Total THC equivalents, 0.48% of CBDA, non- detectable CBD and 0.42% of Total CBD equivalents.
  • sample 2 of the cannabis biomass may have been analyzed to contain 9.46% of THCA, 1.79% of THC, 10.09% of Total THC equivalents, 3.63% of CBDA, 0.52% of CBD and 3.71% of Total CBD equivalents.
  • sample 3 of the cannabis biomass may have been analyzed to contain 7.50% of THCA, 2.68% of THC, 9.26% of Total THC equivalents, 2.93% of CBDA, 1.06% of CBD and 3.62% of Total CBD equivalents. It should be noted that the total THC equivalents (and similarly, Total CBD equivalents) may be calculated using the following formula:
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a table showing an analysis of spent biomass after extraction for the decarboxylated cannabis biomass sample 1 and 2.
  • a slurry may be formed from the decarboxylated biomass in a slurry formation unit by adding ethanol to the prepared biomass. Successively the slurry may be transferred to an extractor.
  • the ethanol to biomass ratio may be maintained at approximately 10 1 per kg and the residence time maintained at approximately 18 minutes by controlling the mass flow of the biomass and the solvent to the extractor.
  • Heating of the slurry may be affected by application of microwave energy. The microwave energy density may be carefully controlled. Post heating the slurry, the spent biomass and extract mixture may be separated by stages of centrifugation and filtration.
  • the spent biomass may be washed with additional ethanol solvent during centrifugation.
  • the analysis of the spent biomass sample 1 for the non-decarboxylated cannabis biomass may have been analyzed by UHPLC to contain 0.17% of THCA, 0.14% of THC, 0.29% of Total THC equivalents, 0.09% of CBDA, 0.06% of CBD and 0.14% of Total CBD equivalents.
  • the analysis of the spent biomass sample 2 for the non-decarboxylated cannabis biomass may have been analyzed by UHPLC to contain 0.18% of THCA, 0.14% of THC, 0.30% of Total THC equivalents, 0.09% of CBDA, 0.06% of CBD and 0.14% of Total CBD equivalents.
  • the concentration of THC is less than 0.3% which for cannabis may be considered non-psychoactive, for example, industrial hemp (i.e. a cultivar of cannabis sativa that naturally produces less than 0.3% A-9-THC).
  • the extraction efficiency necessary to achieve a residual concentration of THC in the spent biomass may be greater than 95%.
  • the composition of the cannabis biomass may be an intermediate product for one or more use cases such as, but not limited to, a placebo cigarette with characteristics of cannabis plant without any active compounds (i.e., negligible quantities of A-9-THC), and a carrier mass for a specific concentration and/or blends of the one or more cannabinoids, the one or more terpenoids, and the one or more flavonoids, by 'spiking' the composition with the extracted compounds.
  • the composition of the cannabis biomass may be used as adjuvant drugs for anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment, especially for chronic and terminal pain, neuropathic pain symptoms in humans and in animals.
  • the composition may be used as a raw material for various goods such as paper, fabrics, rope, and livestock feed, etc. by further processing the composition. Further, the composition may be sufficiently depleted of TFIC that it may not be considered to be a controlled substance.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour extraire des ingrédients pharmacologiquement actifs avec un rendement et une pureté accrus à partir de biomasse de cannabis. Le procédé consiste à fournir une biomasse de cannabis brute contenant des composés cibles pour l'extraction. La biomasse de cannabis brute peut être broyée ou pulvérisée pour obtenir une biomasse de cannabis préparée. La bouillie peut être préparée par ajout d'un solvant à la biomasse de cannabis préparée. Le solvant peut être sélectionné sur la base de différents diélectriques et de propriétés de paramètre de solvant. La bouillie peut être chauffée dans un appareil d'extraction assisté par micro-ondes à écoulement continu pour obtenir un extrait. L'appareil d'extraction assisté par micro-ondes peut comprendre un ou plusieurs capteurs qui peuvent surveiller la température, la pression et/ou le temps de séjour de la bouillie. Par la suite, la biomasse épuisée et l'extrait peuvent être séparés de la bouillie. L'extrait peut être traité pour obtenir une formulation finale contenant les composés cibles avec un rendement et une pureté suffisamment élevés. La biomasse épuisée peut être traitée pour obtenir une concentration inférieure à 0,3 % de cannabinoïdes produits naturellement par des plantes.
PCT/IB2019/053608 2018-05-03 2019-05-02 Extraction assistée par micro-ondes à écoulement continu de biomasse de cannabis Ceased WO2019211795A1 (fr)

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US12383567B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2025-08-12 Jazz Pharmaceuticals Research Uk Limited Use of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy
WO2021123804A1 (fr) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 GW Research Limited Formulations orales de cannabinoïdes
KR20210086104A (ko) * 2019-12-31 2021-07-08 한국과학기술연구원 칸나비스 식물로부터 칸나비놀을 연속으로 제조하는 방법 및 그 용도
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US10919828B1 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-02-16 Aicardo Roa-Espinosa Process for manufacturing cannabidiol
WO2022050831A1 (fr) * 2020-09-04 2022-03-10 Iturbe Huitron Daniel Processus d'extraction de composé bioactifs dérivés de matière organique d'origine végétale

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