WO2019209140A1 - Contactless electrical energy transmission system for vehicle doors - Google Patents

Abstract

A contactless electrical energy transmission system for vehicle doors comprises a frame and a leaf, and a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The transmitter unit is coupled to the frame and contains a power supply and a resonant circuit. The receiver unit is coupled to the leaf and to a working system unit and contains a resonant circuit. The resonant circuit of the transmitter unit and the resonant circuit of the receiver unit are set to operate in a resonant mode. The transmitter unit contains a square pulse generator, an automatic frequency control unit and a power amplifier. The receiver unit is coupled to the working system unit via a diode bridge and is additionally coupled to an energy storage means. Flat induction coils, the rear sides of which are shielded by a ferromagnetic material, or coils on a pot core made of a ferromagnetic material, or a combination of coils on a pot core and flat induction coils are used as induction coils of the resonant circuits.

Description

 TITLE OF THE INVENTION: NON-CONTACT ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE DOORS

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

 The invention relates to a non-contact and wireless method for transmitting electric energy to movable body elements (door leaves, doors, hoods, covers) of public land transport, as well as transferring energy to sliding doors of cars, vans, minivans, etc., with the possibility of accumulation this energy in batteries, capacitor, supercapacitor and other elements capable of receiving, storing and giving energy to provide power for all kinds of electrical, electromechanical and electron devices and components.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

To date, in public land transport and on the sliding doors of cars, the wired method of transmitting electricity to moving body elements is most often used. This is necessary to provide power, for example, to the sensitive edge (resistive sensor) of the door, which is one of the main elements of the passenger anti-pressure system, as well as, for example, an information board or display, or backlight. In this case, the wire is laid from the energy consumer located on the movable body element (eg door leaf) to the controller block located on the fixed part of the vehicle (doorway, driver’s workstation, etc.). Where the door leaves or the doors themselves have the kinematics of the open-close movement parallel to the body (for example, a minibus, minivan) or inside the body (subway), the wired method is widely used by means of the so-called loop. But due to the large number of cycles of opening and closing, as well as temperature operating conditions, wear and tear of the loop occurs over time. If the kinematics of opening and closing the door, door leaf is movement in several planes at once, such as medium and large capacity on most city buses, then laying the wire becomes difficult and not technological, and in some cases contradicts the requirements of the technical regulation "GOST R41 .36-2004 (UNECE Regulation N36) Uniform provisions concerning the certification of high-capacity passenger vehicles with regard to the general construction ", namely" 5.5.6.4. All the wires must be well protected and firmly attached so that they cannot be broken, frayed or worn. "When laying the wires, they are protected with a corrugated metal sheath, but as mentioned above, taking into account all factors, namely difficult operating conditions (count - in cycles of opening / closing, temperature range), design features (kinematics of the movement of opening / closing) the amplitude and range of the bending of the wire during the movement of the leaves and / or doors, it becomes clear that this o unreliable method, since due to constant bending loads and vibrations, wire wear and its failure occurs.

 It is possible to use a non-contact method for transmitting electricity by electromagnetic induction described in patents RU2561456C2, E102004017341 and EP3061895A1. Although all the indicated technical solutions in their description have non-contact energy transfer, in fact they are not, as they are nothing more than a transformer and have a metal core between the transmitting and receiving coils, that is, a mechanical connection, which significantly limits the possibilities and types techniques on which this method can be applied. It can be most suitable in cases where the door or door leaves have the kinematics of the movement of opening / closing strictly relative to one axis or loop on which it is fixed. For example, swing type doors.

 An alternative to the above methods may be powering the consumers from an energy storage device, for example, a battery that is mounted on movable body elements (door leaves, doors, hoods, covers, etc.). But this option for providing energy to consumers has a drawback for public land transport and cars. Namely, the battery, capacitor or supercapacitor must be periodically changed or recharged.

In order to solve the problem of transferring electric energy to moving body elements (door leaves, doors, hoods, covers, etc.), as well as sliding doors of automobiles, a contactless transmission of electric energy from a distance is created, literally, based on the principle of induction. This technology is mainly used in the field of consumer electronics, for example, for charging smartphones and similar devices, where the so-called Qi standard is used for these purposes. In the Qi standard, power transmission usually occurs between two coils that are in fixed communication with each other under non-resonant conditions and the distance and mutual arrangement of coils. This technology of energy transfer is practically not feasible on moving body elements (door leaves, doors) of public land transport and sliding doors of cars, since taking into account the design features of moving body elements and operating conditions, it is impossible to ensure the exact mutual arrangement of coils and a distance of less than 5 mm between them.

 In the technical solution described in the application EP3059359 (A1) and adopted as a prototype, the main problems are as follows. To increase the efficiency of energy transfer, cores are used in the form of an (E) -profile and / or (U) -profile made of sintered ferrite. That is, the electromagnetic field is concentrated in the core of the transmitting coil and transmitted through its ends to the ends of the core of the receiving coil. In this case, it should be noted that a clear positioning of the ends of the core relative to each other is extremely important, since with a slight axial displacement of the ends of the core relative to each other, a significant decrease in the efficiency of energy transfer occurs. As follows from the application EP3059359 (A1), the distance between the ends of the cores of the transmitting and receiving coils should be within 4-10 mm. It is indicated that the maximum energy transfer efficiency occurs at a distance of up to 8mm. Given the design features of the fastening of movable body elements (door leaves), operating conditions, as well as the fact that, judging by the description, the invention is intended mainly for use in door and window frames, which are usually made of plastic or wood, then As public land transport and cars are made of a variety of metal alloys (at least their frame (bearing) parts), it is impossible to apply the indicated technical solution on public ground transport. Also, in the application EP3059359 (A1) it is indicated that when changing the distance, in order to maintain the efficiency of energy transfer, it is necessary to increase the power of the transmitting circuit, which is achieved by increasing the number of turns of the transmitting and receiving coils and replacing the frequency-setting capacitor, which is selected experimentally.

 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

 Taking into account the design and operational features of the moving body elements of public ground transport, the task was to increase the distance of energy transfer to at least 20 mm.

This task is achieved by a system of contactless transmission of electricity for the doors of the vehicle, containing at least one frame and at least at least one leaf associated with at least one frame of at least one transmitter unit containing a power source and an oscillating circuit, and associated with at least one leaf of at least one receiver unit associated with a working system unit and including an oscillating circuit, in which, according to the proposal, the oscillatory circuit of the transmitter unit and the oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit are configured to operate in resonant mode, while the transmitter unit contains a rectangular pulse generator, an auto-tuning unit frequency frequency, which automatically compensates for frequency deviations from the resonance of the coordinated transmitting and receiving circuits caused by temperature changes in system components, in particular semiconductor, due to operation in a wide temperature range (from -40 ° С to + 60 ° С), and a power amplifier made with the ability to change the gain without changing the parameters of the coils; the receiver unit is connected to the working system unit through a diode bridge and is additionally connected to an energy storage device.

 The problem is also solved by uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field between the coordinated circuits, which is achieved by using flat inductor coils (transmitting and receiving) or coil coils on cup cores made of ferromagnetic material and selecting their optimal quality factor and inductance. This allows you to achieve the most efficient energy transfer at a distance of up to 30 mm, namely to provide several amperes with power to any device with a large current consumption (for example, a bulletin board, displays, motorized locks) or to quickly charge an energy storage device, for example, a rechargeable battery, a supercapacitor capacitor or a combination thereof. The claimed invention allows the transfer of electrical energy with negligible losses at a distance of up to 60 mm between the transmitting and receiving coils. To increase the efficiency of energy transfer at a distance of more than 25 mm, it is possible to use the wire "littsendrat" for winding flat coils (see, for example: http://bourabai.ru/toe/litzendraht.htm). This is a conductor of a special design, which consists of a large number of thin veins, isolated from one another. The cores are interlaced so that each runs along the surface and anywhere in the cross section throughout the length of the wire. In such a conductor, current flows along the surface of each core, as a result, the working cross-sectional area of the conductor increases significantly.

It should be noted that the use of planar coils or coils on cup cores made of a ferromagnet allows the transmitter and receiver coils to be located not in a strict mutual arrangement. For efficient transmission It is enough energy to locate the receiving coil in the operating range of the transmitting coil, without reference to the transmitting center line. That gives an obvious design plus when installed on moving body parts of vehicles.

 It should also be noted that it is possible to use various combinations of types and materials of coils. For example, a transmitter on a cup core is made of ferrite, and a receiver is flat on a litzendrat.

 As already mentioned above, in most cases, movable body elements (door leaves, doors, hoods, covers), and even more so body frame (bearing) parts of public land transport and cars, are made of various metal alloys. This material, being in the range of the transmitting and receiving coils, changes their inductance, which leads to a mismatch of the transmitting and receiving circuits, which results in an extremely inefficient transmission of electricity. This problem is especially noticeable in the case of using flat coils and can be solved by shielding the reverse planes of the transmitting and receiving coils with ferromagnet material. For example, it may be film ferrite. This solution allows you to place both the receiving and transmitting flat coils in the immediate vicinity of the metal, while maintaining maximum efficiency in the transmission of electrical energy over a long distance. If coils on cup cores made of a ferromagnet are used, then additional shielding is not required regardless of the proximity of the metal. It should be noted that the process of energy transfer is also possible if there is any radio-transparent and non-conductive material between the transmitting and receiving coils. For example, door leaf and / or car door gasket.

 The frequency of the transmitted alternating current lies in the range from 70 kHz to ZOOkHz. In this frequency range, the excitation of audible and annoying mechanical vibrations is largely prevented, while the power loss is still limited to an acceptable level. Most electronic, electrical, and electromechanical devices (operating system unit) require DC power for proper operation. For this, a diode bridge is installed in the circuit after the receiving oscillating circuit, which converts the induced alternating current into direct current.

To ensure uninterrupted power, for example, of a resistive sensor, it is preferable to use a drive in the form of a supercapacitor (ionistor). This prevents power interruption when opening the door leaf and / or door. It is advisable to use a supercapacitor of at least 5 Farads (25 mW / h). Compared to a battery, a supercapacitor is able to receive and deliver stored energy faster. As for the maximum possible charge-discharge cycles, the life of the supercapacitor is also significantly longer than the life of the rechargeable battery. It is also worth mentioning that most batteries are not suitable for the temperature regime of operation, in this case we are talking about sub-zero temperatures (up to -40 ° C).

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

 The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a general view of the swing doors of a vehicle.

 In FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a general view of the sliding doors of a vehicle.

 In FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a transmitter.

 In FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the receiver.

 In FIG. 5, 6, 7 show, enlarged, the relative position of the transmitter unit and the receiver unit with different types of coils.

 The following items are indicated in the drawings:

 1. The power source.

 2. Rectangular pulse generator.

 3. Block of automatic frequency control.

 4. Magnetic (electromagnetic) field.

 5. Power amplifier.

 6. The oscillatory circuit of the transmitter unit.

 7. Transmitting inductor flat or cup-shaped ferrite

core.

 8. The capacitor of the oscillatory circuit of the transmitter unit.

 9. Film ferrite.

 10. The doorway.

 11. The oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit.

 12. The receiving inductor is flat or on a cup ferrite core.

 13. The capacitor of the oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit.

14. The diode bridge. 15. Resistive sensor.

 16. Door leaf.

 17. The housing of the transmitting coil is made of plastic.

 18. The housing of the receiving coil is made of plastic.

 19. The supercapacitor (ionistor).

 20. The block of the working system.

 On the doorway 10 of public land transport and / or a car (minibus, minivan), a transmitting coil 7 is fixed in a place suitable from the point of view of technological attachment. In this case, the parts of the transmitter unit that create alternating current for the transmitting coil 7 can be installed remotely from the coil 7 itself, for example, in the technological hatch located on top of the doorway (Fig. 1). The receiving coil 12 is mounted on a movable body element - the door leaf 16 (or door, hood, cover) of public ground transport and / or on the sliding door of a car (minivan, minibus) opposite the transmitting coil 7 in a parallel plane. At the same time, parts of the receiver unit can also be mounted remotely from the receiving coil 12.

 When applying voltage from the power source 1 to the transmitting coil 7, an electromagnetic field is generated, which in turn induces an alternating current in the receiving coil 12.

 Due to the design features of fastening the door leaves of public land transport and the operating conditions of the door leaf 16 when closing do not always occupy the same position of complete closure. This means that the mutual positioning of the transmitting and receiving coils 7 and 12, as well as the distance between them, can vary, due to which the power transmission efficiency may change. To reduce these losses, flat coils (Fig. 5, 6) or cup coils of a ferromagnet (Fig. 6, 7) with a fairly uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field are used in the receiver and transmitter blocks. To compensate for the deviation of the frequency from the resonance of the coordinated circuits caused by temperature changes in the system components, in particular semiconductor, in the hot or cold season of the vehicle, an automatic frequency control unit 3 is used.

To ensure uninterrupted and autonomous power supply to electrical consumers (working system unit 20) located on the door leaf 16, a supercapacitor 19 is installed in the charge receiving unit, which is capable of storing energy. Also receiver block has the ability to self-test through the use of a microcontroller and a radio module (not shown).

 The power source 1 has a capacity sufficient to ensure operability with the necessary parameters of all functional blocks and nodes. The rectangular pulse generator 2 creates a signal consisting of a sequence of pulses of the same length and the same amplitude. At this stage, there are no requirements for high power of the generated pulses, since in the future they will be amplified to the level necessary for energy transfer. The stability of the pulse repetition period, that is, their frequency, is ensured by the automatic frequency adjustment module 3. Thus, even with inaccurate parameters of the generator circuit elements, the nominal values change due to temperature effects or temperature drift, as well as due to the action of external electromagnetic fields or powerful electromagnetic sources signals, or due to any other external influences causing the deviation of the parameters of the generator circuit 2, the functioning module of the frequency adjustment 3 p Allows you to receive pulses at the output of the block with a strictly specified period necessary for wireless contactless energy transfer. A power amplifier 5 is necessary to raise the voltage and current of rectangular pulses to a level that will provide sufficient electromagnetic field 4 for the energy transfer generated by the device. The electromagnetic field 4 itself is created by the oscillating circuit 6, shown in detail in figure 2, consisting of an inductor 7, a capacitor 8, which provides a resonant mode of operation together with the coil, and a ferrite screen 9, isolating the electromagnetic power lines created by the coil 7 from external metal objects, which allows you to effectively and without significant distortion and loss to transmit energy in a wireless non-contact way to the door leaf 16 (including sliding).

The receiver unit (Fig. 3), the contactless electric power transmission system consists of an oscillating circuit 11, which receives the electromagnetic signal of the transmitter unit in resonant mode. The oscillatory circuit 11 of the receiver unit consists of an inductor 12 and a capacitor 13, which ensures the resonant operation of circuit 1 1. The electromagnetic field 4 created by the energy transmitter unit creates a current in the oscillatory circuit 11 of the receiver unit, which is amplified due to the resonant operation mode. The alternating current arising in this way is supplied to the diode bridge 14, which rectifies it. The resulting constant voltage is used to power the unit of the working system 20 (control device, controller, sensors 15, indicating devices or other consumers of electric energy), as well as to accumulate charge in the supercapacitor 19. The accumulated charge can be used to provide power to the working system 20 in those periods when there is no energy transfer, for example, when the receiving coil 12 is mounted on a movable element (sash 16), is shifted and out of the range of the electromagnetic field created by the transmitting coil 7 or when the transmitter unit is disconnected from the power source 1. As soon as the initial conditions b FLS recovered (reception coil 12 reaches the region of action of the electromagnetic field transmitting kagushki 4 7, the wireless contactless power transmission resumes.

 The coordination of the transmitting 6 and receiving 1 1 circuits at the operating frequency of the energy transfer specified by the generator 2 is ensured by the selection of a capacitor 8 in the circuit of the transmitting inductor 7 and a capacitor 13 in the circuit of the receiving inductor 12. Together, the system is from a square-wave generator of a given frequency 2, an automatic module frequency adjustment 3, the oscillatory circuit 6 of the transmitter unit and the oscillatory circuit 11 of the receiver unit forms a matched resonant system that creates an electromagnetic field at the resonance frequency, performs the transfer of energy from the transmitting to the receiving part. Due to the use of flat coils 7, 12 and ferrite shielding (Fig. 5) or coils 7, 12 on a cup core made of ferromagnetic material (Fig. 6, 7), the lines of force of the electromagnetic field are distributed evenly in the section of the plane of the transmitting coil over its area, and its tension decreases with increasing distance between the transmitting 6 and receiving 11 oscillatory circuit. This allows you to place the receiving coil 12 in any place of the projection of the transmitting coil 7 on a plane parallel to the receiving coil.

 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A prototype of the inventive contactless transmission of electrical energy was installed on the movable leaf of the door of the bus LiAZ 5292, to provide power to the sensitive edge of the leaf (protection against jamming). In this case, the design of the flaps and the opening allows you to set the transmitting and receiving units in the upper part of the opening at a distance of about 25-30 mm between the transmitting and receiving coils (as in Fig. 1). The charge unit was mounted in the technological hatch, and the transmitting coil 7 - on the doorway above the unit 12 receiving the charge installed in the upper part of the sash. In this case, flat coils with a ferrite substrate were used, while the round transmitting coil has a diameter 43 mm, is two-layer and has an inductance of 24 μH, and the receiving one has a rectangular shape with dimensions of 40 ^x 30 mm and has an inductance of 13 μH. The resonant frequencies of the transmitting and receiving loops are consistent with a frequency of 200 kHz. This is ensured by capacitors in the oscillatory circuits of the transmitter and receiver with a capacity of 33 nF and 47nF, respectively. The charge unit is powered by an on-board network of 24 Volts and consumes about 3 Amps. In this case, a current is induced in the receiving unit, which makes it possible to provide a working system with power of about 10 watts.

Claims

Claim.  1. A contactless power transmission system for vehicle doors, comprising at least one frame and at least one leaf associated with at least one frame, at least one transmitter unit comprising a power source and an oscillating circuit, and associated with at least at least one leaf, at least one receiver unit associated with the working system unit and including an oscillatory circuit characterized in that the oscillatory circuit of the transmitter unit and the oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit To operate in resonance mode, the transmitter unit contains a square-wave pulse generator, a self-tuning unit and a power amplifier, and the receiver unit is connected to the working system unit via a diode bridge and is additionally connected to an energy storage device, while the oscillator circuit of the transmitter unit is used as inductor coils and The oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit uses flat inductors, and the reverse planes of the coils are shielded by a material from a ferromagnet, or as inductors the oscillatory circuit of the transmitter unit and the oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit used a coil on a cup core made of ferromagnetic material, or a combination of a coil on a cup core made of ferromagnetic material and a flat inductor, the reverse plane of which is screened ferromagnet material.  2. The system but also. 2, characterized in that for the winding of the inductors used wire "litseidrat".  3. The system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains a supercapacitor as an energy storage device.