RU2691528C1 - Contactless power transmission system for vehicle doors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wireless transmission of electric power to vehicle doors. Proposed system comprises frame and flap, transmitter unit and receiver unit. Transmitter unit is connected to the frame and comprises a power supply and an oscillatory circuit. Receiver unit is connected to the flap and to the working system unit and comprises an oscillatory circuit. Vibratory circuit of transmitter unit and oscillatory circuit of receiver unit are tuned for operation in resonance mode. Transmitter unit comprises a square-wave generator, a frequency-automatic tuning unit and a power amplifier. Receiver unit is connected to the working system unit via the diode bridge and additionally connected to the energy accumulator. At that, as coils of oscillatory circuits of transmitter unit and receiver unit flat inductors are used, which reverse sides are screened by material from ferromagnetic material, either coils on cup-shaped core from ferromagnetic material, or combination of coil on cup core and flat inductance coil is used.EFFECT: technical result consists in increase in electric power transmission distance.3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a contactless and wireless method of transmitting electrical energy to moving body elements (casement doors, doors, hoods, covers) of public land transport, as well as the transfer of energy to sliding doors of cars, minibuses, minivans, etc., with the possibility of accumulation this energy in batteries, capacitor, supercapacitor and other elements capable of receiving, storing and delivering energy to provide power to all kinds of electrical, electromechanical and electron devices and components.

Today, in public ground transportation and on sliding doors of automobiles, the most commonly used method is wire transmission of electricity to moving body elements. This is necessary to provide power to, for example, the sensitive edge (resistive sensor) of the door, which is one of the main elements of the passenger counter-restraint system, as well as, for example, a bulletin board or display, backlight. In this case, the wire is laid from the energy consumer located on the moving body element (eg door leaf) to the controller unit located on the fixed part of the vehicle (doorway, driver’s workplace, etc.). Where the door leaves or the doors themselves have the kinematics of the opening-closing movement parallel to the body (for example, a minibus, minivan) or inside the body (metro), the wired method is widely used by means of a so-called loop. But because of the large number of opening-closing cycles, as well as the temperature conditions of operation, wear and break of the loop occur with time. If the kinematics of opening and closing doors, door leaves is movement in several planes at once, such as on most city buses of medium and large capacity, the laying of the wire becomes difficult and not technological, and in some cases contrary to the requirements of the technical regulations GOST R41 .36-2004 (UNECE Regulation No. 36) Uniform Regulations Concerning the Certification of Large Capacity Passenger Vehicles with Regard to the General Design ", namely" 5.5.6.4. All prov but it must be well protected and firmly attached to preclude the possibility of cutting, abrasion or wear. " When laying the wire, it is protected using a metal corrugated sheath, but as mentioned above, taking into account all factors, namely, difficult operating conditions (number of opening / closing cycles, temperature range), design features (kinematics of opening / closing movement) the amplitude and range of the bending of the wire during the movement of the sashes and / or doors, it becomes clear that this is not a reliable method, because due to constant bending loads and vibrations, the wire is worn out and leaves it from oh.

It is possible to use a contactless method of transmitting electricity by the electromagnetic induction method described in patents RU2561456C2, E102004017341 and EP3061895A1. Although all these technical solutions have in their description contactless energy transfer, in fact they are not, as they are nothing more than a transformer and have a metal core between the transmitting and receiving coils, that is, a mechanical connection, which significantly limits the possibilities and types technology on which this method can be applied. It may be most appropriate in cases where the door or door leaves have the kinematics of the opening / closing movement strictly relative to one axis or hinge on which it is fixed. For example, hinged doors.

An alternative to the above mentioned methods may be the supply of electrical consumers from an energy storage device, such as a battery, which is mounted on moving body parts (door leaves, doors, hoods, covers, etc.). But this option of providing electricity consumers with energy has a disadvantage for public land transport and cars. Namely, the battery, capacitor or supercapacitor must be periodically replaced or recharged.

To solve the problem of transferring electrical energy to moving body parts (door leaves, doors, hoods, covers, etc.), as well as sliding doors of automobiles, there is, literally, non-contact transmission of electrical energy at a distance, based on the principle of induction. This technology is mainly used in the field of consumer electronics, for example, for charging smartphones and similar devices, where the so-called Qi standard is used for these purposes. In the Qi standard, the transmission of electricity usually occurs between two coils that are in fixed communication with each other in non-resonant conditions, and the distance and relative position of the coils are of great importance for the efficiency of energy transfer. This technology of energy transfer is actually not realizable on moving body elements (door leaves, doors) of public ground transportation and sliding doors of cars, since considering the design features of moving body elements and operating conditions, it is impossible to provide an exact mutual arrangement of coils and a distance of less than 5 mm between them.

In the technical solution described in application EP3059359 (A1) and adopted for the prototype, the main problems are as follows. To improve the efficiency of energy transfer, cores are used in the form of (E) -profile and / or (U) -profile made of sintered ferrite. That is, the electromagnetic field is concentrated in the core of the transmitting coil and through its ends is transmitted to the ends of the core of the receiving coil. In this case, it should be noted that a clear positioning of the ends of the core relative to each other is extremely important, since with a slight axial displacement of the ends of the core relative to each other, there is a significant decrease in the efficiency of energy transfer. Also, as follows from the application EP3059359 (A1), the distance between the ends of the cores of the transmitting and receiving coils should be in the range of 4-10 mm. It is indicated that the maximum energy transfer efficiency occurs at a distance of up to 8 mm. Considering the design features of the attachment of movable body elements (door wings), operating conditions, and the fact that judging by the description, the invention is intended mainly for use in door and window frames, which are usually made of plastic or wood, then as public ground transportation and automobiles are made of various metal alloys (at least their frame (bearing) parts), it is impossible to apply this technical solution on public ground transportation. Also in the application EP3059359 (A1) indicated that when the distance changes, to preserve the efficiency of energy transfer, it is necessary to increase the power of the transmitting circuit, which is achieved by increasing the number of turns of the transmitting and receiving coils and replacing the frequency setting capacitor, which is selected empirically.

Taking into account the design and operational features of the moving body elements of public ground transportation, the task was to increase the transmission distance of energy to at least 20 mm.

This task is achieved by a contactless power transmission system for a vehicle door containing at least one frame and at least one flap associated with at least one frame, at least one transmitter unit containing a power source and an oscillating circuit, and associated with at least one leaf, at least one receiver unit connected to the working system unit and including an oscillating circuit, in which, according to the proposal, the oscillating circuit of the transmitter unit and the number The receiver circuit of the receiver unit is tuned to operate in a resonant mode, while the transmitter unit contains a square-wave generator and an auto-tuning unit, which automatically compensates for frequency deviations from resonance of matched transmitting and receiving circuits caused by temperature changes in system components, in particular semiconductor ones, due to wide temperature range (from -40 ° C to + 60 ° C), and a power amplifier, configured to change the gain without changing coil parameters; the receiver unit is connected to the working system unit via a diode bridge and is additionally connected to the energy storage device.

The problem is also solved by a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field between the matched circuits, which is achieved by using flat inductors (transmitting and receiving) or coils on cup cores made of ferromagnetic material and selecting their optimum quality and inductance. This allows you to achieve the most efficient energy transfer at a distance of up to 30 mm, namely, to provide power to several amperes of any device with high current consumption (for example, an information board, displays, motorized locks) or to quickly charge an energy storage device, such as a rechargeable battery, supercapacitor , condenser or combination thereof. The claimed invention allows the transfer of electrical energy with minor losses at a distance of up to 60 mm between the transmitting and receiving coils. To increase the efficiency of energy transfer at a distance of over 25 mm, it is possible to use a "litz wire" for winding flat coils (see, for example: http://bourabai.ru/toe/litzendraht.htm). This is a conductor of a special construction, which consists of a large number of thin veins, isolated from one another. The veins are intertwined so that each passes over the surface and anywhere in the cross section along the entire length of the wire. In such a conductor, the current flows over the surface of each core, as a result, the working cross-sectional area of the conductor increases significantly.

It should be noted that the use of plane coils or coils on a cup core of a ferromagnet allows the transmitting and receiving coils to be located not in a strict mutual arrangement. For efficient energy transfer, it is sufficient to locate the receiving coil in the coverage area of the transmitting coil, without being tied to the transmitting center line. What gives an obvious constructive plus when installed on moving body elements of vehicles.

It should also be noted that it is possible to use various combinations of coil types and materials. For example, the transmitter on the cup core is made from ferrite, and the receiver is flat from the litsendrate.

As mentioned above, in most cases, moving body parts (door leaves, doors, hoods, covers), and moreover body frame elements (carrying) parts of public land transport and cars are made of various metal alloys. This material, being in the zone of the transmitting and receiving coils, changes their inductance, which leads to a mismatch between the transmitting and receiving circuits, resulting in very inefficient transmission of electricity. This problem is especially noticeable in the case of using flat coils and can be solved by shielding the reverse planes of the transmitting and receiving coils with material from a ferromagnet. For example, it can be a film ferrite. This solution allows you to place both the receiving and transmitting flat coils in the immediate vicinity of the metal, while maintaining maximum efficiency of transmission of electric energy at a great distance. If coils on ferromagnetic cup cores are used, then additional shielding is not required regardless of the proximity of the metal. It should be noted that the process of energy transfer is possible even if between the transmitting and receiving coils there will be any radio-transparent and non-conductive material. For example, a sealant of the casement and / or sliding doors of a vehicle

The frequency of the transmitted alternating current lies in the range from 70 kHz to 300 kHz. In this frequency range, the excitation of audible and annoying mechanical vibrations is largely prevented, while the power loss is still limited to an acceptable level. For most electronic, electrical, and electromechanical devices (a working system unit), DC power is required for proper operation. To this end, a diode bridge is installed in the circuit after the receiving oscillatory circuit, which converts the induced alternating current into direct current.

In order to ensure uninterrupted power supply, for example, of a resistive sensor, it is preferable to use a storage device in the form of a super-capacitor (ionistor). This prevents interruption of power when opening the door leaf and / or door. It is advisable to use a supercapacitor of at least 5 Farads (25 mW / h). Compared to a battery, a supercapacitor is able to quickly receive and release stored energy. As for the maximum possible charge-discharge cycles, the life of the super-capacitor also significantly exceeds the service life of the rechargeable battery. It is also worth mentioning that most batteries are not suitable for temperature operation, in this case we are talking about subzero temperatures (down to -40 ° C).

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. Figure 1 shows, by way of example, a general view of the hinged doors of a vehicle.

FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a general view of the sliding doors of a vehicle.

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a transmitter.

FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the receiver unit.

FIG. 5, 6, 7 shows, enlarged, the mutual position of the transmitter unit and the receiver unit with different types of coils.

The drawings indicate the following items:

1. Power supply.

2. The generator of rectangular pulses.

3. Block auto-tuning frequency.

4. Magnetic (electromagnetic) field.

5. Power amplifier.

6. The oscillatory circuit of the transmitter unit.

7. Transmitting inductance coil flat or on a cup ferrite core.

8. The capacitor of the oscillating circuit of the transmitter unit.

9. Film ferrite.

10. Doorway.

11. The oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit.

12. The receiving inductance coil is flat or on a cup ferrite core.

13. Condenser of the oscillating circuit of the receiver unit.

14. Diode bridge.

15. Resistive sensor.

16. Door leaf.

17. The housing of the transmitting coil of plastic.

18. The housing of the host coil of plastic.

19. Supercapacitor (ionistor).

20. Block working system.

At the doorway 10 of public ground transportation and / or a car (minibus, minivan) the transmitting coil 7 is fixed in a suitable place from the point of view of fixability. In this part of the transmitter unit, creating an alternating current for the transmitting coil 7, can be installed remotely from the coil 7 itself, for example, in the process hatch located on top of the doorway (figure 1). The receiving coil 12 is mounted on a movable body element - door leaf 16 (or door, hood, lid) of public ground transportation and / or on a sliding car door (minivan, minibus) opposite the transmitting coil 7 in a parallel plane. In this case, parts of the receiver unit can also be mounted remotely from the receiving coil 12.

When applying voltage from the power source 1 to the transmitting coil 7, an electromagnetic field is generated, which in turn induces an alternating current in the receiving coil 12.

Due to the design features of fastening the casements of the doors of public ground transportation and the operating conditions of the casement of the door 16, when closing, they do not always occupy the same position of complete closing. This means that the mutual positioning of the transmitting and receiving coils 7 and 12, as well as the distance between them, may vary, as a result of which the efficiency of power transmission may change. To reduce these losses, flat coils (Fig. 5, 6) or coils on a cup core from a ferromagnet (Fig. 6, 7), having a fairly uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field, are used in the receiver and transmitter units. To compensate for the frequency deviation from the resonance of the matched circuits caused by temperature changes of the system components, in particular semiconductor, in the hot or cold season of the vehicle operation year, an automatic frequency control unit 3 is used.

To ensure uninterrupted and autonomous power supply of electrical consumers (unit of working system 20) located on the casement door 16, a supercapacitor 19 is installed in the charge receiving unit, which is capable of storing energy. Also, the receiver unit has the ability to self-diagnose through the use of a microcontroller and a radio module (not shown).

The power source 1 has enough power to ensure the health with the required parameters of all functional blocks and nodes. The square wave generator 2 generates a signal consisting of a sequence of pulses of the same length and the same amplitude. At this stage there are no requirements for the high power of the generated pulses, since in the future they will be strengthened to the level necessary for the transmission of energy. The stability of the pulse repetition period, that is, their frequency, is provided by the automatic frequency control module 3. Thus, even with inaccurate parameters of the generator circuit elements, changes in nominal values due to temperature effects or temperature drift, as well as due to the influence of external electromagnetic fields or powerful sources of electromagnetic signals, or due to any other external influences that cause the deviation of the parameters of the oscillator circuit 2, a functioning frequency adjusting module 3 ozvolit receive the output pulses from the block strictly specify necessary for wireless contactless power transmission period. The power amplifier 5 is necessary to raise the voltage and current of rectangular pulses to a level that will provide sufficient for the transmission of energy the strength of the electromagnetic field 4 generated by the device. The electromagnetic field 4 itself is created by an oscillating circuit 6, shown in detail in FIG. 2, consisting of an inductor 7, a capacitor 8 providing a resonant mode of operation coupled with the coil, and a ferrite screen 9 isolating the power electromagnetic lines generated by the coil 7 from external metal objects, which allows efficiently and without significant distortions and losses to transfer energy in a wireless contactless way to the door leaf 16 (including sliding).

The receiver unit (Fig. 3) of the contactless power transmission system consists of an oscillating circuit 11 that receives an electromagnetic signal from the transmitter unit in a resonant mode. The oscillatory circuit 11 of the receiver unit consists of the coil inductance 12 and the capacitor 13, which provides the resonant mode of operation of the circuit 11. The electromagnetic field 4 created by the power transmitter unit creates a current in the oscillatory circuit 11 of the receiver unit, which is amplified by the resonant mode of operation. The resulting alternating current is fed to a diode bridge 14, which rectifies it. The resulting constant voltage is used to power the unit of the working system 20 (control device, controller, sensors 15, display devices or other electricity consumers), as well as to accumulate charge in the supercapacitor 19. The accumulated charge can be used to provide power to the working system 20 during those periods when there is no energy transfer, for example, when the receiving coil 12 mounted on the movable element (flap 16) is displaced and leaves the area of action of the electromagnetic field created by Transmitting coil 7 or when the transmitter unit is disconnected from power source 1. As soon as the initial conditions are restored (receiving coil 12 falls within the range of the electromagnetic field 4 of the transmitting coil 7, the wireless contactless energy transfer will resume.

The consistency of the transmitting 6 and receiving 11 circuits at the operating frequency of energy transfer set by generator 2 is provided by selecting a capacitor 8 in the circuit of the transmitting inductor 7 and a capacitor 13 in the circuit of the receiving inductor 12. Together, the system is from a rectangular generator of a given frequency 2, automatic tuning module frequency 3, oscillatory circuit 6 of the transmitter unit and oscillatory circuit 11 of the receiver unit forms a coherent resonant system creating an electromagnetic field at the resonance frequency, performs the transfer of energy from the transmitting to the receiving part. Due to the use of flat coils 7, 12 and ferrite shielding (Fig. 5) or coils 7, 12 on a cup core of ferromagnetic material (Fig. 6, 7), the lines of force of the electromagnetic field are distributed evenly in the section of the plane of the transmitting coil over its area, and its intensity decreases with increasing distance between the transmitting 6 and receiving 11 oscillatory circuits. This allows you to place the receiving coil 12 in any place of the projection of the transmitting coil 7 on the plane parallel to the receiving coil.

A prototype of the inventive system of contactless transmission of electrical energy was installed on the moving doors of the LiAZ 5292 bus door, to provide power to the sensitive edge of the sash (protection against clamping). In this case, the constructions of the valves and aperture allow you to install the transmitting and receiving units in the upper part of the aperture at a distance of about 25-30 mm between the transmitting and receiving coils (as in Fig. 1). The charge unit was mounted in the process hatch, and the transmitting coil 7 - on the doorway above the unit 12 receiving the charge installed in the upper part of the sash. In this case, flat coils with a ferrite substrate were used, while the transmitting round coil has a diameter of 43 mm, is two-layered and has an inductance of 24 μH, and the receiving one has a rectangular shape with dimensions of 40 × 30 mm and has an inductance of 13 μH. The resonant frequencies of the transmitting and receiving circuits are consistent with a frequency of 200 kHz. This is ensured by capacitors in the oscillating circuits of the transmitter and receiver with a capacity of 33 nF and 47 nF, respectively. The charge unit is powered by the on-board network of 24 V and consumes about 3 A. In the receiving unit, in this case, a current is induced to provide the working system with a power of about 10 watts.

Claims (3)

1. A contactless power transmission system for vehicle doors, comprising at least one frame and at least one casement, connected to at least one frame, at least one transmitter unit, comprising a power source and an oscillating circuit, and connected to at least at least one leaf at least one receiver unit connected to the working system unit and including an oscillating circuit, characterized in that the oscillating circuit of the transmitter unit and the oscillating circuit of the receiver unit are tuned They are used to operate in a resonant mode, the transmitter unit contains a square wave generator, a frequency auto-tuning unit and a power amplifier, and the receiver unit is connected to the working system unit via a diode bridge and is additionally connected to the energy storage unit, as well as the inductance coils of the oscillating circuit of the transmitter unit and the oscillating circuit of the receiver unit is used flat inductors, and the inverse planes of the coils are shielded with a material from a ferromagnet, or as inductors and the oscillatory circuit of the transmitter unit and the oscillatory circuit of the receiver unit used coils on a cup core of ferromagnetic material, or as a coil inductance of the oscillating circuit of the transmitter unit and oscillatory circuit of the receiver block used a combination of coils on a cup core of ferromagnetic material and a flat coil inductance, the reverse plane of which shielded by ferromagnetic material. 2. The system of claim. 1, characterized in that the wire "litsendrat" is used to wind the inductors. 3. The system under item 1 or 2, characterized in that the energy storage device contains a supercapacitor.

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