WO2019171650A1 - 圧電体フィルム、圧電体フィルムの製造方法、および、圧電体デバイス - Google Patents
圧電体フィルム、圧電体フィルムの製造方法、および、圧電体デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric film provided with a fluororesin containing as a main constituent unit a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a piezoelectric material, a method for manufacturing the piezoelectric film, and a piezoelectric device provided with the piezoelectric film.
- Piezoelectric films that include polyvinylidene fluoride as a piezoelectric material include many sensors such as vibration sensors, contact sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and acceleration sensors, and various actuators such as vibration actuators and vibration control actuators. It is used for Patent Document 1 discloses that when manufacturing a polyvinylidene fluoride film, MD (Machine Direction) The uniaxial stretching treatment of the polyvinylidene fluoride sheet in the direction and the polarization treatment of the polyvinylidene fluoride sheet are simultaneously performed. The piezoelectric film manufactured by stretching in the MD direction is excellent in that it has a high piezoelectric constant d31.
- the piezoelectric film manufactured by stretching is usually stored as a product wound in a roll shape, and then pulled out from the roll product when used for processing of a sensor or an actuator.
- the piezoelectric film is heated at a high temperature in a processing step in which a process involving heating such as vapor deposition or lamination is performed.
- a process involving heating such as vapor deposition or lamination is performed.
- the piezoelectric constant d31 is lowered in the piezoelectric film heated at a high temperature.
- a problem occurs in a piezoelectric device provided with such a piezoelectric film having a reduced piezoelectric constant d31.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric film, a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric film, and a piezoelectric device that can suppress a decrease in the piezoelectric constant d31.
- a piezoelectric film for solving the above-described problems is a piezoelectric film including a fluororesin as a piezoelectric material including a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a main constituent unit, and the piezoelectric constant d31 of the piezoelectric film is 20 pC. / N and the extrapolation start temperature at the start of shrinkage determined by TMA measurement is 90 ° C. or higher and 135 ° C. or lower.
- a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric film for solving the above-described problem includes performing a stretching process and a polarization process on a sheet formed of a fluororesin that includes a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a main constituent unit.
- a film forming step of forming a crystalline polymer film having piezoelectricity (hereinafter also simply referred to as “crystalline polymer film”), and the crystalline polymer film is heated to 90 ° C. or higher and 115 ° C. or lower.
- a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric film for solving the above-described problem is a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric film from a crystalline polymer sheet, and is formed from a fluororesin that includes a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a main constituent unit.
- the film is subjected to stretching treatment and polarization treatment, thereby forming a crystalline polymer film having piezoelectricity, and at a temperature higher than 115 ° C. and lower than 150 ° C.
- the piezoelectric film and the method for manufacturing the piezoelectric film even if the piezoelectric film is heated during the processing of the piezoelectric film, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the piezoelectric constant d31 due to the processing.
- the difference in the piezoelectric constant d31 measured before and after the test process may be 20% or less with respect to the piezoelectric constant d31 before the test process.
- the test process is a process of heating the piezoelectric film at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. According to this piezoelectric film, since the attenuation factor of the piezoelectric constant d31 is ensured to be 20% or less, the piezoelectric constant by processing is compared with the configuration in which the piezoelectric film is specified by the piezoelectric constant d31 and the extrapolation start temperature. It is also possible to more reliably suppress the decrease in d31.
- the fluororesin may be a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer. According to this piezoelectric film, it is easy to increase the piezoelectric constant d31 of the piezoelectric film as compared with the configuration in which the fluororesin is a vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- the crystalline polymer film in the secondary heating step, may be heated at the first temperature. According to this method of manufacturing a piezoelectric film, it is possible to share the heating equipment used in the relaxation process and the heating equipment used in the secondary heating process.
- a piezoelectric device for solving the above problems includes the piezoelectric film.
- the method for manufacturing a piezoelectric film, and the piezoelectric device according to the present invention it is possible to suppress a decrease in the piezoelectric constant d31.
- the graph which shows the relationship between the extrapolation start temperature in each Example and a comparative example, and the piezoelectric constant d31.
- a piezoelectric film is wound and conveyed by roll shape as a product, for example.
- a piezoelectric device including a piezoelectric film is manufactured using a piezoelectric film drawn from a piezoelectric film product.
- the piezoelectric film includes, as a piezoelectric material, a fluororesin that includes a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a main constituent unit.
- the fluororesin is a resin containing a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a main structural unit (hereinafter also referred to as “polyvinylidene fluoride resin”).
- polyvinylidene fluoride resin a resin containing a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a main structural unit
- “including a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride as a main structural unit” means that a repeating unit derived from vinylidene fluoride when all the repeating units constituting the resin are 100 mol%. It means that it contains 50 mol% or more.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is preferably a homopolymer, but may be a copolymer.
- the copolymer here means vinylidene fluoride, 1-chloro-1-fluoro-ethylene, 1-chloro-2-fluoro-ethylene, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoropropene. , Hexafluoropropylene, and a copolymer with at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride.
- the inherent viscosity of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is preferably 1.0 dl / g or more.
- the inherent viscosity of the resin is a value measured at 30 ° C. of a dimethylformamide solution having a concentration of 0.4 g / dl.
- the shearing force acting on the sheet by necking stretching can be prevented from breaking the sheet.
- a polyvinylidene fluoride resin having an inherent viscosity of 1.1 dl / g or more and 2.0 dl / g or less can obtain high strength and good stretchability in necking stretching.
- Necking stretching refers to stretching in a form that causes a necking (necking portion) in the thickness and width of the sheet at one point in the direction in which the sheet travels during the stretching process.
- the piezoelectric film may contain components other than fluororesin or additives.
- the resin other than the fluororesin include methacrylic resin, cellulose derivative resin, polyester resin, and polycarbonate resin.
- the additive examples include metal oxide particles, a coupling agent, and a surfactant.
- the metal oxide particles are, for example, alumina particles, magnesium oxide particles, zirconium oxide particles, and yttrium oxide particles.
- the coupling agent has a function of increasing the degree of bonding between the metal oxide particles dispersed in the fluororesin and the piezoelectric material, and examples thereof include organic titanium compounds, organic silane compounds, organic zirconium compounds, and organic aluminum compounds.
- the surfactant has a function of increasing the affinity between the metal oxide particles dispersed in the fluororesin and the piezoelectric material, and is, for example, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or a cationic surfactant. .
- the piezoelectric film satisfies the following [Condition 1] [Condition 2].
- the piezoelectric constant d31 is 20 pC / N or more.
- the extrapolation start temperature at the start of shrinkage is 90 ° C or higher and 135 ° C or lower.
- the extrapolation start temperature at the start of shrinkage is determined by TMA (Thermal Mechanical Analyzer) measurement using a piezoelectric film.
- the extrapolated start temperature (Extrapolated onset temperature) is a temperature based on JIS K0129.
- the extrapolation start temperature is the temperature at the intersection of a straight line obtained by extending the low-temperature base line to the high-temperature side and the tangent drawn at the point where the gradient is maximum on the low-temperature curve of the peak.
- the extrapolation start temperature is a temperature at which the behavior of heat shrinkage appears in the piezoelectric film.
- the piezoelectric film preferably satisfies the following [Condition 3].
- the attenuation factor of the piezoelectric constant d31 in the test process is 20% or less.
- the test process is a test in which the piezoelectric film is heated at 100 ° C. for 24 hours, and the attenuation rate of the piezoelectric constant d31 is the difference between the piezoelectric constant d31 measured before and after the test process with respect to the piezoelectric constant d31 before the test process. Ratio.
- the piezoelectric film may have a surface scratch in a direction that coincides with the direction in which the piezoelectric constant d31 is expressed. Such surface scratches can be obtained by roughening the surface of the heating roll using a conductive heating roll for stretching in the piezoelectric film manufacturing process. The surface scratches provided on the piezoelectric film can increase the adhesion strength between the piezoelectric film and the electrode.
- the thickness of the piezoelectric film is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the piezoelectric device includes various sensors such as a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, a contact sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an acceleration sensor, and various actuators such as a vibration actuator and a vibration control actuator.
- a vibration sensor which is an example of a sensor device, includes a weight that is displaced by vibration and the piezoelectric film that receives the weight load, and includes electrodes on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric film. And a vibration sensor detects the change of the load of the weight displaced according to the received vibration as a voltage signal between the electrodes which pinch
- a contact sensor which is another example of the sensor device, includes a cover film and the piezoelectric film overlapping the cover film, and includes electrodes on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric film. And a contact sensor detects the voltage signal between the electrodes which pinch
- the first method for producing a piezoelectric film uses a crystalline polymer sheet as a starting material.
- the crystalline polymer sheet is formed with a fluororesin as a main component.
- the first method for manufacturing a piezoelectric film includes (A) a film forming step, (B) a first relaxation step, and (C) a secondary heating step. Between the (B) 1st relaxation process and the (C) secondary heating process, a crystalline polymer film is wound up in roll shape, for example, left still for several days at normal temperature.
- the film forming step is a step of forming a crystalline polymer film from the crystalline polymer sheet by performing a stretching treatment and a polarization treatment on the crystalline polymer sheet. .
- the stretching process and the polarization process may be performed simultaneously, or the polarization process may be performed after the stretching process.
- the resin constituting the crystalline polymer sheet is one using the fluororesin described in the item of the piezoelectric film as a main component.
- the “main component” means a component that is contained most in the crystalline polymer sheet among the components used for forming the crystalline polymer sheet.
- the resin constituting the crystalline polymer sheet exhibits piezoelectricity by a polarization treatment that is application of a DC voltage.
- the crystalline polymer sheet before the stretching process and the polarization process are performed is a sheet having no piezoelectricity, and is formed using, for example, a melt extrusion method or a solution casting method.
- the thickness of the crystalline polymer sheet is appropriately adjusted by changing the stretching conditions.
- the thickness of the crystalline polymer sheet is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 2500 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more and 1500 ⁇ m or less.
- the crystalline polymer sheet having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more is unlikely to break the crystalline polymer sheet during the stretching process.
- a crystalline polymer sheet having a thickness of 2500 ⁇ m or less tends to obtain flexibility suitable for transporting the crystalline polymer sheet during the stretching treatment.
- the crystalline polymer sheet is fed to a heating roll having conductivity.
- the crystalline polymer sheet fed to the heating roll is necked and stretched in a region in contact with the heating roll with the stretching direction as the MD direction.
- the temperature of the heating roll is set to room temperature or higher and lower than the melting point of the crystalline polymer sheet, for example, 70 ° C. or higher and 135 ° C. or lower in order to effectively advance necking stretching.
- a DC voltage is applied between the non-contact electrode connected to the DC power source and the grounded heating roll, whereby the drawing treatment of the crystalline polymer sheet and the polarization of the crystalline polymer sheet are performed. Processing is performed simultaneously.
- the draw ratio of the crystalline polymer sheet is, for example, not less than 2.5 times and not more than 6.0 times. If the stretching ratio of the crystalline polymer sheet is 2.5 times or more, necking stretching is easily stabilized. If the draw ratio of the crystalline polymer sheet is 6.0 times or less, it is easy to suppress breakage in the crystalline polymer sheet or the crystalline polymer film.
- (B) 1st relaxation process heats the crystalline polymer film formed at the film formation process, thereby relieving the residual distortion in a crystalline polymer film, and also a crystalline polymer This is a step of heat-setting the film. Compared with the crystalline polymer film before heat setting, the crystalline polymer film after heat setting is less likely to cause heat shrinkage in the processing step where the treatment involving heating is performed.
- a method for heating the crystalline polymer film for example, a method of exposing the crystalline polymer film to hot air, a method of passing the crystalline polymer film through a heating roll, and a combination thereof are used.
- the temperature of the crystalline polymer film in the first relaxation step is the first temperature.
- the first temperature is a temperature of 90 ° C. or higher and 115 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time of the crystalline polymer film in the first relaxation step is, for example, 1 minute or more and 5 minutes or less.
- the secondary heating step uses the crystalline polymer film after heat setting, and heats the crystalline polymer film again as heating to increase the heat resistance of the crystalline polymer film ( Reheating), thereby forming a piezoelectric film from the crystalline polymer film.
- a method for reheating the crystalline polymer film for example, a method of exposing the crystalline polymer film to hot air, a method of passing the crystalline polymer film through a heating roll, and a combination thereof are used.
- the temperature of the crystalline polymer film in the secondary heating process is the second temperature.
- the second temperature is a temperature not lower than the first temperature and not higher than 140 ° C. Therefore, as the second temperature range, 90 ° C. or more and 140 ° C. or less is the widest range.
- the heating time of the crystalline polymer film in the secondary heating step is 15 seconds to 120 seconds, and preferably 20 seconds to 60 seconds. When the second temperature is 140 ° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress the crystalline polymer film from being softened. In the secondary heating step, it is preferable to heat the crystalline polymer film at the second temperature while applying a predetermined tension. If the heating time is 15 seconds or less, desired properties cannot be obtained, and if it is 120 seconds or more, the durability of the crystalline polymer film is restricted.
- the piezoelectric film as a product is usually wound into a roll or drawn out from the roll for the next processing step using the piezoelectric film.
- the crystalline polymer film is drawn out in accordance with a processing step such as a sensor, and heated in accordance with a processing step such as surface vapor deposition or dry laminating.
- a processing step such as a sensor
- a processing step such as surface vapor deposition or dry laminating.
- a secondary heating step is performed on the crystalline polymer film.
- the crystalline polymer film wound by roll shape is pulled out according to a secondary heating process, and is reheated at 1st temperature or more and 140 degrees C or less.
- the shrinkage in the above-described processing step is corrected in advance in the secondary heating step.
- the temperature at which post-shrinkage starts has already increased due to heat setting.
- the crystalline polymer film is reheated at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at the time of heat setting. Therefore, even if the temperature at which the post-shrinkage starts is increased by heat fixation, the post-shrinkage can be corrected.
- the second manufacturing method of the piezoelectric film uses a crystalline polymer sheet as a starting material, as in the first manufacturing method.
- the second method for manufacturing a piezoelectric film includes (A) a film forming step and (B) a second relaxation step.
- the (A) film formation process is the same as the film formation process of a 1st manufacturing method, the description is abbreviate
- (B) 2nd relaxation process is demonstrated in detail.
- the second relaxation step in the second production method is the same treatment as the first relaxation step in heating the crystalline polymer film, but the temperature range of the crystalline polymer film is different. . That is, the temperature of the crystalline polymer film in the second relaxation step is preferably higher than 115 ° C. and lower than or equal to 150 ° C., more preferably higher than 130 ° C. and lower than or equal to 135 ° C. Note that the heating time of the crystalline polymer film in the second relaxation step is preferably, for example, from 10 seconds to 140 seconds, and more preferably from 20 seconds to 140 seconds.
- the temperature in the second relaxation step is not particularly limited as long as it is within the above temperature range. However, if the temperature for heating the crystalline polymer film is 115 ° C. or lower, a secondary heating step is required as in the first production method. Moreover, if the temperature which heats a crystalline polymer film is 150 degreeC or more, restrictions will arise in durability of a crystalline polymer film.
- the (C) secondary heating step performed in the first manufacturing method can be omitted. That is, if it is a 2nd manufacturing method, extrapolation start temperature can also be made into 90 to 135 degreeC, without performing the (C) secondary heating process. Moreover, the attenuation factor of the piezoelectric constant d31 of the crystalline polymer film obtained by the second production method can be reduced.
- Examples 1 to 8 First production method
- a polyvinylidene fluoride sheet (KF # 1100 manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m was used as the crystalline polymer sheet, and the crystalline polymer sheet was subjected to polarization treatment after necking stretching treatment.
- the crystalline polymer sheet was passed through a heating roll heated to a surface temperature of 120 ° C., the direct current voltage was increased from 0 kV to 20 kV, and the polarization treatment was performed after the stretching treatment. And the crystalline polymer film of the Example whose thickness is 27 micrometers was obtained.
- the crystalline polymer film of the example was subjected to the first relaxation step with hot air. Furthermore, 90 degreeC was set as 1st temperature, 2 minutes was set as heating time, the crystalline polymer film exposed to the hot air was passed through the heating roller, and the further 1st relaxation process was performed. And the crystalline polymer film after the 1st relaxation process by a hot air and a heating roller was wound up in roll shape, and left still for 3 days under normal temperature. In the first relaxation step using hot air and a heating roller, a difference was made in the feeding speed of the crystalline polymer film in the first relaxation step so that the tension on the crystalline polymer film was constant.
- the second temperature is set to 90 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less, and the heating time is set to 20 seconds or more and 60 seconds or less, and the secondary heating step is performed on the crystalline polymer film after the first relaxation step. went. And any one of 2nd temperature and heating time was changed, and the piezoelectric material film of 8 types of Examples was obtained.
- the 2nd temperature of Example 1 is 90 degreeC, and heating time is 60 second.
- the second temperature of Example 2 is 100 ° C., and the heating time is 60 seconds.
- the second temperature of Example 3 is 110 ° C., and the heating time is 60 seconds.
- the second temperature of Example 4 is 120 ° C., and the heating time is 60 seconds.
- the second temperature of Example 5 is 125 ° C., and the heating time is 40 seconds.
- the second temperature of Example 6 is 125 ° C., and the heating time is 60 seconds.
- the second temperature of Example 7 is 130 ° C., and the heating time is 60 seconds.
- the second temperature of Example 8 is 130 ° C., and the heating time is 20 seconds.
- the piezoelectric material film of the comparative example was obtained using the same conditions as an Example except not performing a secondary heating process.
- Examples 9 and 10 Second production method
- 135 ° C. is set as the heating temperature in the second relaxation step
- 20 seconds is set as the heating time
- the crystalline polymer film was then subjected to a second relaxation step using hot air.
- the temperature was set to 90 ° C.
- the heating time was set to 2 minutes
- the crystalline polymer film exposed to hot air was passed through a heating roller, and a temperature control process at a further low temperature was performed.
- a piezoelectric film of Example 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 8, except that the secondary heat treatment was not performed.
- Example 9 Further, the temperature of the heating roller in Example 9 was changed from 90 ° C. to 120 ° C., the temperature adjustment process was extended to the second relaxation process, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 9, and the piezoelectric of Example 10 was used. A film was obtained.
- the temperature adjustment step after the second relaxation step suppresses rapid cooling of the crystalline polymer film immediately after the second relaxation step, and generation of wrinkles due to rapid cooling in the thin crystalline polymer film And curbing due to rapid cooling in thick crystalline polymer films.
- the extrapolation start temperature, the piezoelectric constant d31, and the attenuation rate of the piezoelectric constant d31 were measured.
- Test pieces Aluminum electrodes having a thickness of 100 nm or more and 800 nm or less were formed by vapor deposition on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric films of the examples and comparative examples. Next, a test piece having a size of 7 mm ⁇ 30 mm was cut out from the piezoelectric film on which the aluminum electrode was formed as a sample for measuring the piezoelectric constant. Further, a test piece having a size of 3 mm ⁇ 60 mm was cut out from the piezoelectric film as a sample for measuring the extrapolation start temperature.
- Example 1 shows the details of the processing conditions of the secondary heating step, the details of the processing conditions of the second relaxation step, the extrapolation start temperature, the piezoelectric constant d31, and the attenuation rate of the piezoelectric constant d31 Table 1 shows.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the extrapolation start temperature and the attenuation factor of the piezoelectric constant d31 for Examples 1 to 10 and the comparative example.
- the first manufacturing method is expressed as “(1)”, and the second manufacturing method is expressed as “(2)”.
- the processing conditions of the secondary heating process are shown as the heat treatment conditions.
- Examples 9 and 10 using the second manufacturing method the heat treatment conditions are The process conditions of a 2nd relaxation process are shown.
- the piezoelectric constant d31 before the test was 27.9 pC / N
- the piezoelectric constant d31 after the test was 21.6 pC / N
- the extrapolation start temperature was It was 84.8 ° C.
- the attenuation factor of the piezoelectric constant d31 was found to be 22.6%.
- the piezoelectric films (Examples 1 to 8) that have undergone the secondary heating step have a piezoelectric constant d31 after the test of 22.8 pC / N or more and 26.1 pC / N or less, and the extrapolation start temperature is It was confirmed that the temperature was as high as 92.3 ° C.
- the piezoelectric film of Example 9 in which the heating temperature in the second relaxation process was set to 135 ° C. and the secondary heating process was not performed has a piezoelectric constant d31 after the test of 26.8 pC / higher than that of Examples 1 to 8. N, and the piezoelectric film of Example 10 was found to have a piezoelectric constant d31 of 25.3 pC / N higher than Examples 1 to 4, 7, and 8 after the test.
- the piezoelectric films of Examples 9 and 10 were found to have a high extrapolation start temperature as high as 98.8 ° C. or higher and a low attenuation rate of 7.3% or less. That is, Examples 1 to 10 were found to satisfy [Condition 1] [Condition 2] [Condition 3].
- the following effects are acquired. (1) When the piezoelectric film is processed, even if the piezoelectric film is heated, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the piezoelectric constant d31 due to the processing.
- the piezoelectric constant d31 Since the attenuation factor of the piezoelectric constant d31 is ensured to be 20% or less, the piezoelectric constant d31 is reduced by processing compared to the configuration in which the piezoelectric film is specified only by [Condition 1] and [Condition 2]. It becomes possible to suppress more reliably.
- the piezoelectric constant d31 of the piezoelectric film can be increased as compared with the configuration of a vinylidene fluoride copolymer. It is also easy.
- the facility for heating at the first temperature and the facility for heating at the second temperature can be shared.
- the said embodiment can also be changed and implemented as follows.
- first temperatures can be used, and different heating methods can be employed at each first temperature.
- first relaxation step it is also possible to use a first temperature that is equal to each other and employ different heating methods at each first temperature.
- the secondary heating step different second temperatures can be used, and separate heating methods can be employed at each second temperature.
- the storage form of the crystalline polymer film at room temperature is not limited to storage in a rolled state, for example, on a predetermined placement surface It is also possible to store in a state of being placed on top of each other.
- different heating temperatures can be used at temperatures higher than 115 ° C. and lower than 150 ° C., and different heating methods and different heating times can be employed at each heating temperature. Further, in the second relaxation step, it is also possible to use a heating temperature that is higher than 115 ° C. and equal to or lower than 150 ° C. and that is equal to each other, and that different heating methods and different heating times can be adopted at each heating temperature. is there.
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Abstract
Description
方向へのポリフッ化ビニリデンシートの一軸延伸処理と、ポリフッ化ビニリデンシートの分極処理とを同時に行う。MD方向への延伸によって製造された圧電体フィルムは、高い圧電定数d31を有する点で優れている。
圧電体フィルムは、フッ化ビニリデンに由来した繰り返し単位を主たる構成単位として含むフッ素樹脂を圧電材料として含む。フッ素樹脂は、フッ化ビニリデンに由来した繰り返し単位を主たる構成単位として含む樹脂(以下、「ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂」とも称する)である。本明細書等において「フッ化ビニリデンに由来した繰り返し単位を主たる構成単位として含む」とは、樹脂を構成する全ての繰り返し単位を100モル%としたときに、フッ化ビニリデンに由来した繰り返し単位を50モル%以上含むことを意味している。
[条件1]圧電定数d31が20pC/N以上である。
[条件2]収縮開始の補外開始温度が90℃以上135℃以下である。
[条件3]試験処理での圧電定数d31の減衰率が20%以下である。
なお、試験処理は、圧電体フィルムを100℃で24時間加熱する試験であり、圧電定数d31の減衰率は、試験処理前の圧電定数d31に対する、試験処理前後で測定された圧電定数d31の差の比である。
圧電体デバイスは、圧力センサ、振動センサ、接触センサ、超音波センサ、加速度センサなどの各種のセンサや、加振用アクチュエータ、制振用アクチュエータなどの各種のアクチュエータである。
圧電体フィルムの第1製造方法は、結晶性高分子シートを出発原料として用いる。結晶性高分子シートは、フッ素樹脂を主成分として形成される。圧電体フィルムの第1製造方法は、(A)フィルム形成工程と、(B)第1緩和工程と、(C)二次加熱工程とを含む。(B)第1緩和工程と(C)二次加熱工程との間では、結晶性高分子フィルムがロール状に巻き取られ、例えば、常温下で数日間にわたり静置される。
フィルム形成工程は、結晶性高分子シートに対して、延伸処理と分極処理とを行い、それによって、結晶性高分子シートから、結晶性高分子フィルムを形成する工程である。延伸処理と分極処理とは、同時に行ってもよいし、延伸処理を行った後に、分極処理を行うようにしてもよい。
第1緩和工程は、フィルム形成工程で形成された結晶性高分子フィルムを加熱し、それによって、結晶性高分子フィルムにおける残留歪みを緩和させ、また、結晶性高分子フィルムを熱固定する工程である。熱固定後の結晶性高分子フィルムは、熱固定前の結晶性高分子フィルムと比べて、加熱を伴う処理を施される加工工程で熱収縮を生じにくい。結晶性高分子フィルムを加熱する方法としては、例えば、結晶性高分子フィルムを熱風に曝す方法、結晶性高分子フィルムを加熱ロールに通す方法、および、これらの組み合わせが用いられる。
二次加熱工程は、熱固定後の結晶性高分子フィルムを用い、結晶性高分子フィルムの耐熱性を高めるための加熱として、結晶性高分子フィルムを再度加熱し(再加熱し)、それによって、結晶性高分子フィルムから圧電体フィルムを形成する工程である。結晶性高分子フィルムを再加熱する方法としては、例えば、結晶性高分子フィルムを熱風に曝す方法、結晶性高分子フィルムを加熱ロールに通す方法、および、これらの組み合わせが用いられる。
圧電体フィルムの第2製造方法は、第1製造方法と同様に、結晶性高分子シートを出発原料として用いる。圧電体フィルムの第2製造方法は、(A)フィルム形成工程と、(B)第2緩和工程とを含む。なお、(A)フィルム形成工程は、第1製造方法のフィルム形成工程と同様であるため、ここでは、その説明を省略する。以下では、(B)第2緩和工程について詳細に説明する。
第2製造方法における第2緩和工程は、結晶性高分子フィルムを加熱するうえで第1緩和工程と同様の処理ではあるが、結晶性高分子フィルムの温度範囲が異なる。すなわち、第2緩和工程での結晶性高分子フィルムの温度は、115℃よりも高く150℃以下の温度であることが好ましく、130℃よりも高く135℃以下であることがより好ましい。なお、第2緩和工程での結晶性高分子フィルムの加熱時間は、例えば、10秒以上140秒以下であることが好ましく、20秒以上140秒以下であることがより好ましい。
厚みが100μmであるポリフッ化ビニリデン(株式会社クレハ製 KF#1100)のシートを結晶性高分子シートとして用い、結晶性高分子シートに対して、ネッキング延伸処理の後、分極処理を行った。この際、表面温度120℃に加熱された加熱ロールに、結晶性高分子シートを通し、直流電圧を0kVから20kVに増加させて、延伸処理後に分極処理を行った。そして、厚みが27μmである実施例の結晶性高分子フィルムを得た。
実施例1~8において用いられた厚みが27μmである実施例の結晶性高分子フィルムを用いて、第2緩和工程での加熱温度として135℃を設定し、かつ、加熱時間として20秒を設定し、結晶性高分子フィルムに、熱風による第2緩和工程を行った。さらに、温度として90℃を設定し、かつ、加熱時間として2分を設定し、熱風に曝した結晶性高分子フィルムを加熱ローラに通し、さらなる低温での温調工程を行った。この後、二次加熱処理を行わないこと以外は、実施例1~8と同様にして、実施例9の圧電フィルムを得た。また、実施例9における加熱ローラの温度を90℃から120℃に変更して温調工程を第2緩和工程の延長とし、それ以外の条件を実施例9と同じくして、実施例10の圧電フィルムを得た。なお、実施例9,10において、第2緩和工程後の温調工程は、第2緩和工程直後の結晶性高分子フィルムの急冷を抑えて、薄い結晶性高分子フィルムでの急冷による皺の発生や、厚い結晶性高分子フィルムでの急冷による反りの発生を抑える。
各実施例、および、比較例の圧電体フィルムの表面および裏面に、厚みが100nm以上800nm以下のアルミニウム電極を蒸着法によって形成した。次いで、アルミニウム電極が形成された圧電体フィルムから、圧電定数測定用のサンプルとして、7mm×30mmのサイズを有した試験片を切り出した。また、補外開始温度測定用のサンプルとして、圧電体フィルムから、3mm×60mmのサイズを有した試験片を切り出した。
各実施例および比較例の試験片を用い、以下の条件で圧電定数d31を測定した。
・測定装置 レオログラフ-ソリッド(株式会社 東洋精機製作所製)
・測定温度 23℃
・測定周波数 10Hz
・印加張力 1N
[補外開始温度の測定]
各実施例および比較例の試験片(3mm×60mm)を用い、以下の条件で熱収縮挙動を測定し、その測定結果に基づいて、補外開始温度を測定した。
・開始温度 30℃
・終了温度 150℃
・昇温速度 2℃/分
・測定間隔 1秒
[圧電定数d31の減衰率測定]
実施例1~10および比較例の試験片に対して以下の試験処理を行い、試験前の圧電定数d31と、試験後の圧電定数d31とを測定した。そして、試験処理前の圧電定数d31に対する試験処理後の圧電定数d31の減衰率を算出した。減衰率は、試験処理前の圧電定数d31に対する、試験処理前後の圧電定数d31の差の比率である。
・試験時間 24時間
・試験装置 恒温器HT320(楠本化成株式会社製)
実施例1~10および比較例における製造方法の種別、二次加熱工程の処理条件の詳細、第2緩和工程の処理条件の詳細、補外開始温度、圧電定数d31、圧電定数d31の減衰率を表1に示す。また、実施例1~10および比較例について、補外開始温度と圧電定数d31の減衰率との関係を図1に示す。なお、表1において、第1製造方法を「(1)」と表記し、第2製造方法を「(2)」と表記する。そして、第1製造方法を用いた実施例1~8の各々では、熱処理条件として、二次加熱工程の処理条件を示し、第2製造方法を用いた実施例9,10では、熱処理条件として、第2緩和工程の処理条件を示す。
(1)圧電体フィルムの加工に際して、圧電体フィルムの加熱が行われるとしても、加工による圧電定数d31の低下を抑えることが可能となる。
なお、上記実施形態は以下のように変更して実施することも可能である。
Claims (7)
- フッ化ビニリデンに由来した繰り返し単位を主たる構成単位として含むフッ素樹脂を圧電材料として含む圧電体フィルムであって、
前記圧電体フィルムの圧電定数d31が20pC/N以上であり、かつ、
TMA測定によって求められる収縮開始の補外開始温度が90℃以上135℃以下である
圧電体フィルム。 - 試験処理の前後で測定された圧電定数d31の差が、前記試験処理前の圧電定数d31に対して20%以下であり、前記試験処理は、前記圧電体フィルムを100℃で24時間加熱する処理である
請求項1に記載の圧電体フィルム。 - 前記フッ素樹脂は、フッ化ビニリデンの単独重合体である
請求項1または2に記載の圧電体フィルム。 - フッ化ビニリデンに由来した繰り返し単位を主たる構成単位として含むフッ素樹脂から形成されたシートに対して、延伸処理と分極処理とを行い、それによって、圧電性を有した結晶性高分子フィルムを形成するフィルム形成工程と、
前記結晶性高分子フィルムを90℃以上115℃以下である第1温度で5秒以上130秒以下加熱し、それによって、前記結晶性高分子フィルムに対して、熱固定と残留歪みの緩和とを行う緩和工程と、
前記緩和工程後の前記結晶性高分子フィルムを前記第1温度以上140℃以下で15秒以上120秒以下さらに再加熱して圧電体フィルムを製造する二次加熱工程と、
を含む
圧電体フィルムの製造方法。 - 前記二次加熱工程は、前記結晶性高分子フィルムを前記第1温度で加熱する
請求項4に記載の圧電体フィルムの製造方法。 - 結晶性高分子シートから圧電体フィルムを製造する方法であって、
フッ化ビニリデンに由来した繰り返し単位を主たる構成単位として含むフッ素樹脂から形成されたシートに対して、延伸処理と分極処理とを行い、それによって、圧電性を有した結晶性高分子フィルムを形成するフィルム形成工程と、
115℃よりも高く150℃以下である温度で前記結晶性高分子フィルムを10秒以上140秒以下加熱し、それによって、前記結晶性高分子フィルムに対して、熱固定と残留歪の緩和とを行う緩和工程と、を含む
圧電体フィルムの製造方法。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の圧電体フィルムを備える
圧電体デバイス。
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20230422627A1 (en) | 2023-12-28 |
| JP6995669B2 (ja) | 2022-01-14 |
| CN111699564A (zh) | 2020-09-22 |
| JP2019153713A (ja) | 2019-09-12 |
| TWI711634B (zh) | 2020-12-01 |
| EP3764412A4 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
| KR20200118877A (ko) | 2020-10-16 |
| US12004429B2 (en) | 2024-06-04 |
| KR102689162B1 (ko) | 2024-07-26 |
| KR102748418B1 (ko) | 2024-12-30 |
| US20210367137A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
| KR20240112374A (ko) | 2024-07-18 |
| US11963454B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
| EP3764412A1 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
| CN111699564B (zh) | 2023-08-29 |
| EP3764412B1 (en) | 2025-05-21 |
| TW201938606A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
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