WO2019038650A1

WO2019038650A1 - A bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition and method for preparation thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2019038650A1
Application number: PCT/IB2018/056259
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ramar R.
Original assignee: Kyedatore M Mahadevaiah
Current assignee: Kyedatore M Mahadevaiah
Priority date: 2017-08-20
Filing date: 2018-08-18
Publication date: 2019-02-28
Anticipated expiration: 2020-02-20

Abstract

The present disclosure envisages a bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition that reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide emission to the atmosphere. The bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises limonene in the range of 2-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol in the range of l-5wt.%, glycerine in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran in the range of 10-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate in the range of 5-30wt.%, methyl formate in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol in the range of 5 -25 wt.%, cyclopentane in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide in the range of 10-50wt.%.

Description

A BIO-HYDROCARBON FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR

PREPARATION THEREOF

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of hydrocarbon fuels. BACKGROUND

Bio-hydrocarbons are second generation biofuels and are derived from lignocellulosic biomass such as trees, grasses, waste, agricultural or forest residues, or algae. These fuels are not produced using agricultural commodities like corn, sugarcane, soybean, etc.

Bio-hydrocarbons do not require significant modification in either the existing fuel distribution infrastructure and also the vehicle engine. Advanced bio-hydrocarbon fuels are also known as drop-in fuel. The energy content of advanced bio-hydrocarbon fuels is equivalent to that of their petroleum-based counterparts.

There are many ways through which bio-hydrocarbon fuel can be obtained. One of them is using biomass to manufacture bio-hydrocarbon fuel. Biomass is defined as organic matter obtained from agriculture or agriculture products. Many side -products of foods are inefficiently used, leading to large amounts of organic waste. Use of such waste as a fuel per se or as a blend compatible with existing petroleum based fuels could extend limited petroleum reserves, reduce organic waste and, depending on the processing of the organic waste, provide a less expensive alternate fuel or fuel blends. There are several pathways that can produce bio-hydrocarbons by using biomass such as fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis and algal conversion. Biomass sources have been explored as fuel source alternatives to petroleum. Conventional bio-hydrocabon fuel contains various unsaturated hydrocarbons due to which large amount of carbon-monoxide is emitted and cause environment pollution.

There is, therefore, felt a need for a composition for bio-hydrocarbon fuel that emits less amount of carbon-monoxide and is eco-friendly.

OBJECTS

Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows: The primary object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for a bio- hydrocarbon fuel.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for a bio-hydrocarbon fuel that has fewer amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for a bio-hydrocarbon fuel that emits less carbon-monoxide.

Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

SUMMARY In one aspect, the present disclosure envisages a bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition. The bio- hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises the following ingredients; limonene in the range of 2-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol in the range of 1- 5wt. %, glycerine in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran in the range of 10-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate in the range of 5-30wt.%, methyl formate in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol in the range of 5-25wt.%, cyclopentane in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol in the range of 22-40 wt.%, and calcium carbide in the range of 10-50wt.%.

In an embodiment, the bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises limonene(19wt.%), benzoyl peroxide (lwt.%), isopropyl alcohol (lwt.%), glycerine (5wt.%), tetrahydrofuran (10wt.%), tertiary butyl alcohol (10wt.%), ethyl formate (5wt.%), methyl formate (10wt.%), methylalcohol (5wt.%), cyclopentane (2wt.%), ethyl alcohol (22wt.%) and calcium carbide (10wt.%).

In another aspect, the present disclosure envisages a method for preparing a bio-hydrocarbon fuel comprising homogeneously mixing the following ingredients; limonene in the range of 2-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol in the range of 1- 5wt. %, glycerine in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran in the range of 10-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate in the range of 5-30wt.%, methyl formate in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol in the range of 5-25wt.%, cyclopentane in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol in the range of 22-40 wt.%, and calcium carbide in the range of 10-50wt.%, to obtain said bio-hydrocarbon fuel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure envisages a composition for bio-hydrocarbon fuel that reduces emission of carbon monoxide and is eco-friendly.

The bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises limonene in the range of 2-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol in the range of l-5wt. %, glycerine in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran in the range of 10-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate in the range of 5-30wt.%, methyl formate in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol in the range of 5-25wt.%, cyclopentane in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide in the range of 10- 50wt.%.

In an embodiment, the bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises limonene (19wt.%), benzoyl peroxide (lwt.%), isopropyl alcohol (lwt.%), glycerine (5wt.%), tetrahydrofuran (10wt.%), tertiary butyl alcohol (10wt.%), ethyl formate (5wt.%), methyl formate (10wt.%), methylalcohol (5wt.%), cyclopentane (2wt.%), ethyl alcohol (22wt.%) and calcium carbide (10wt.%).

In another embodiment, limonene is in the range of 5-15 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide is in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol is in the range of l-5wt.%, glycerine is in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran is in the range of 15-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol is in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate is in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl formate is in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol is in the range of 6-25wt.%, cyclopentane is in the range of 2- 10wt.%, ethyl alcohol is in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide is in the range of 10- 50wt.%.

In yet another embodiment, limonene is in the range of 5-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide is in the range of 1-5 wt.%, isopropyl alcohol is in the range of l-5wt.%, glycerine is in the range of 5- 25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran is in the range of 10-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol is in the range of 15-20wt.%, ethyl formate is in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl formate is in the range of 10- 30wt.%, methyl alcohol is in the range of 5-25wt.%, cyclopentane is in the range of 2- 10wt.%, ethyl alcohol is in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide is in the range of 10- 50wt.%. In yet another embodiment, limonene is in the range of 10-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide is in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol is in the range of 1-5 wt.%, glycerine is in the range of 5-25 wt.%, tetrahydrofuran is in the range of 10-15 wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol is in the range of 10-15 wt.%, ethyl formate is in the range of 5-30 wt.%, methyl formate is in the range of 10-30 wt.%, methyl alcohol is in the range of 5-25 wt.%, cyclopentane is in the range of 2-10 wt.%, ethyl alcohol is in the range of 22-40 wt.%, and calcium carbide is in the range of 10-50 wt.%.

In another aspect, there is provided a method for preparing bio-hydrocarbon fuel comprising homogeneously mixing the following ingredients; limonene in the range of 2-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol in the range of l-5wt. %, glycerine in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran in the range of 10-40wt. %, tertiary butyl alcohol in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate in the range of 5-30wt.%, methyl formate in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol in the range of 5-25wt.%, cyclopentane in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide in the range of 10- 50wt.%, to obtain said bio-hydrocarbon fuel.

The aforesaid ingredients can be heated with aluminum oxide (Α1₂(¾) in a vessel. During the heating step, large molecules are broken into smaller molecules. This results in a quality of the bio-hydrocarbon fuel matching that of aviation fuel.

During the heating process, larger hydrocarbons such as C20 are broken to obtain smaller hydrocarbons of C -

In one embodiment, ethyl formate, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran and limonene are processed under a jet of hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst prior to homogeneously mixing said ingredients.

In one embodiment, the catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzoyl peroxide and calcium carbide.

The ingredients used in the process for preparing the bio-hydrocarbon fuel can be obtained from bio-mass sources as listed below: a. Limonene can be obtained from Boswellia Ovalifololata Plant. The Boswellia Ovalifololata plant is a moderate or large branching tree with a bole of 15 to 121 feet in height and 3-5 feet in girth, generally found in dry, hilly, deciduous forests of India, at an altitude of 450-950 Msl. It is discovered that only one species is found in India and the remaining species are found in Arabia and African continent. b. Another variant, Serrata with serrated and pubescent leaves, can also be used.

Highly volatile Boswellia oil present in the Boswellia Ovalifololata Plant can be extracted by following method:

• Adsorption on purified fats;

• Extraction by means of volatile solvents;

• Chromatographic method; and

• Steam distillation and fractionation. Limonene can be obtained from the Boswellia oil by processes well known in the art.

Ethyl alcohol can be obtained by fermentation of starch and sugar by processes well known in the art.

Ethyl formate can be obtained by fermentation of sugarcane base by processes well known in the art. Cyclopentane can be obtained from ethyl ester of adipic acid found in beet juice by processes well known in the art.

Methyl alcohol can be obtained from wood by processes well known in the art. TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS

The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a composition of bio-hydrocarbon fuel that facilitates:

• fewer amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons; and

• reduction of carbon monoxide emission.

Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

The use of the expression "at least" or "at least one" suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the invention to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Variations or modifications to the formulation of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.

The numerical values given for various physical parameters, dimensions and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the invention unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

Claims

Claims:

1. A bio-hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising the following ingredients; limonene in the range of 2-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol in the range of l-5wt. %, glycerine in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran in the range of 10-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate in the range of 5-30wt.%, methyl formate in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol in the range of 5-25wt.%, cyclopentane in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide in the range of 10-50wt.%.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition comprises limonene(19wt.%), benzoyl peroxide (lwt.%), isopropyl alcohol (lwt.%), glycerine (5wt.%), tetrahydrofuran (10wt.%), tertiary butyl alcohol (10wt.%), ethyl formate (5wt.%), methyl formate (10wt.%), methylalcohol (5wt.%), cyclopentane (2wt.%), ethyl alcohol (22wt.%) and calcium carbide (10wt.%).

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein limonene is in the range of 5-15 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide is in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol is in the range of l-5wt.%, glycerine is in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran is in the range of 15-40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol is in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate is in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl formate is in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol is in the range of 6-25 wt.%, cyclopentane is in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol is in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide is in the range of 10-50wt.%.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein limonene is in the range of 5-60 wt%, benzoyl peroxide is in the range of 1-5 wt.%, isopropyl alcohol is in the range of 1- 5wt.%, glycerine is in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran is in the range of 10- 40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol is in the range of 15-20wt.%, ethyl formate is in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl formate is in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol is in the range of 5-25 wt.%, cyclopentane is in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol is in the range of 22-40wt.%, and calcium carbide is in the range of 10-50wt.%.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein limonene is in the range of 10-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide is in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol is in the range of 1-5 wt.%, glycerine is in the range of 5-25 wt.%, tetrahydrofuran is in the range of 10-15 wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol is in the range of 10-15 wt.%, ethyl formate is in the range of 5-30 wt.%, methyl formate is in the range of 10-30 wt.%, methyl alcohol is in the range of 5-25 wt.%, cyclopentane is in the range of 2-10 wt.%, ethyl alcohol is in the range of 22-40 wt.%, and calcium carbide is in the range of 10-50 wt.%.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of ethyl formate, tetrahydrofuran and isopropyl alcohol is 5: 10:1.

7. A method for preparing a bio-hydrocarbon fuel as claimed in claim 1, said method comprising homogenously mixing the following ingredients; limonene in the range of 2-60 wt.%, benzoyl peroxide in the range of 1-5 wt.%., isopropyl alcohol in the range of l-5wt. %, glycerine in the range of 5-25wt.%, tetrahydrofuran in the range of 10- 40wt.%, tertiary butyl alcohol in the range of 10-20wt.%, ethyl formate in the range of 5-30wt.%, methyl formate in the range of 10-30wt.%, methyl alcohol in the range of 5-25wt.%, cyclopentane in the range of 2-10wt.%, ethyl alcohol in the range of 22- 40wt.%, and calcium carbide in the range of 10-50wt.%, to obtain said bio- hydrocarbon fuel.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said ingredients are heated in the presence of AI2O₃ to obtain a bio-hydrocarbon fuel for use as an aviation fuel.

9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein ethyl formate, iso propyl alcohol, tetra hydrofuran and limonene are processed under a jet of hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst prior to homogeneously mixing said ingredients.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of benzoyl peroxide and calcium carbide.

11. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said Limonene is extracted from Boswellia Ovalifololata plant.

12. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said ethyl alcohol is obtained by fermentation of starch and sugar.

13. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said ethyl formate is obtained by fermentation of sugarcane base.

14. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said cyclopentane is obtained from ethyl ester of adipic acid found in beet juice.

15. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said methyl alcohol is obtained from wood.