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WO2019033187A1 - Procédé de pelletisation à froid de fines de minerai de fer avec flexibilité de mélanges - Google Patents

Procédé de pelletisation à froid de fines de minerai de fer avec flexibilité de mélanges Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019033187A1
WO2019033187A1 PCT/BR2018/050264 BR2018050264W WO2019033187A1 WO 2019033187 A1 WO2019033187 A1 WO 2019033187A1 BR 2018050264 W BR2018050264 W BR 2018050264W WO 2019033187 A1 WO2019033187 A1 WO 2019033187A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pellet
cold
iron ore
fines
ore
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2018/050264
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Daniel TRAVASSOS DA ROSA COSTA
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Publication of WO2019033187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019033187A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/36—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0077—Use of centrifugal devices

Definitions

  • the present patent applies to the treatment segment of iron ore and refers to the process of cold pelletizing of iron ore fines, with a grain size range of zero to 6.4 mm, fines which are compulsorily generated by miners and steel industries that currently have as options to agglomerate these fine processes such as sintering, ceramization or hot pelleting and briquetting. They are costly and operationally complex processes.
  • the present invention features a cold pelletizing process and an industrial plant suitable for the production of ore pellets.
  • Sintering agglomerates materials in the granulometric range from 0.15mm to 6.4mm (sinter feed). It is a classic process that allows the particles to be bonded through a thermal process until the incipient fusion of the components of a mixture of iron ore fines and additions of fluxes, promoting the bonding of the particles. The product generated, called sinter cake, is crushed again so that the material reaches the size suitable for blast furnace feeding. In this fragmentation there is intense generation of fines, reaching up to 30%, which implies reprocessing and high costs.
  • the sintering is installed in the steel complex itself, because the sinter does not have mechanical resistance to resist travel and transhipments. It has limitations in absorbing fines below 0.15mm due to the permeability of the material to be sintered.
  • Hot pelletizing / ceramization uses the pellet feed as raw material, which after fine grinding is available in granulometry 98% lower than 44 micronm. This high specific surface condition allows for the ceramization performed in this process.
  • various binders such as bentonite, resins, limestone and even cement, are used to provide mechanical resistance to the green pellets to resist transporting the disc or pelletizing drum to the ceramic grids.
  • the intense grinding of the pellet feed (granulometry from zero to 0.15mm) represents high energy consumption or 55Kwh / T, and the ceramization presents high thermal energy consumption or 200 Kcal / kg.
  • Briquetting allows the agglomeration of ore fines of varying sizes and shapes through the pressure exerted on the material.
  • the use of binder in the blend is required. It is a process of low productivity, which limits its application as a solution to the problem.
  • the system is based on the arrangement of particles from 0 to 0.8mm with continuous grain size distribution, generating the smallest possible contact surface for the formation of the spherical body (ball ), in order to reduce the need of cement for its agglomeration, without compromising the mechanical strength of the pellet, with the participation of fines (below 75 microns) from ore and special cement used (98% less than 44microns), packaging of the larger grains occurs in a suitable way, generating resistance of rupture of the ball of 12mm of diameter of up to 150Kg.
  • the amount of ultra fine ore in the blend of a size below 75micron, depending on the content of special cement that can fluctuate between 5% and 8%, depending on the target strength of the pellets, ranges between 34% and 48% and allows the packaging of the coarser grains as shown (Figure 6).
  • the pellet presents raw pellet microstructure with angular grains and high porosity; the matrix is composed of transparent phases under the optical microscope from the cementitious mortar; the pellet presents good packing by regions composed of cementitious matrix and fines of ores with good cohesion.
  • This mortar formed by superfine ore and special developed cement adhered to the coarser particles, gives the ball a high breaking strength of up to 150 kg while preserving the porosity between 25% and 30%, as described below .
  • the homogeneous mixture places in close contact the substances that are expected to enter the chemical reaction inside the reactor.
  • the microscopic slide shown in Figure 7 shows the homogeneity and the contact between the oxides entering the reaction even before reaching the liquid phase, due to the conditions favorable to the chemical reactions: chemical affinity, contact surface and high temperature. In the microchemical mapping it is possible to observe the marked presence of Ca and Si forming the pellet matrix, which surrounds and sustains the hematite grains.
  • the binder which is a special cement, should meet specific chemical and physical requirements as below:
  • C3S alite
  • the gypsum dosage should be optimized through laboratory tests that optimize gypsum, aiming to raise the resistance of the cement; the gypsum to be dosed must be the natural mineral; the plasters generated from phosphoric rocks can not be used, under penalty of contamination of phosphorus in pig iron;
  • [020] - cement can only contain addition if it is bound to some steel interest (eg addition of dolomite or flux);
  • [022] - must have low alkali (K2O + Na2O) in order to meet the maximum level of 1.5 kg of alkali / T of pig iron in the blast furnace feed; although these alkalis present in the form of alkali sulphates and therefore more stable.
  • This special cement characterized above contains between 60 and 65% calcium oxide in the hydrated silicates, which at a temperature close to 1000 ° C are available to react with the polluting oxides (S102, Al3 O2, etc.) of the iron ore , which are scorched in the pig iron generation process.
  • Table 1.1 we present detailed specifications of a special cement that meets the above-mentioned attributes [024]
  • the stoichiometric equilibrium of the mixture in the pellet presupposes the generation of acid slag, being necessary, therefore, the addition of complementary limestone in the case of the reactors that require basic slag.
  • Table 1 shows that:
  • Clinquer + Essential for Sulfate 98.0 to 100.0 98.0 - 100.0 100.0 ensure the lowest Calcium -% swelling (a) and higher resistance
  • Fluorite% 0.5 to 2.0 0.0 to 2.0 no pellet and reduces melt temperature
  • composition should also present the following physical parameters: residue in the sieve of 75 micron less than 0,1%; fineness in the sieve of 325mcron less than 1.0%; area [025] Table 2 below illustrates the quality parameters of cold pelletized iron ore pellets:
  • the sinter presents the following indices: drum> 70%; RDI ⁇ 25%; Cracking ⁇ 8%.
  • Compressive strength In this process of cold pelletizing of iron ore, there is flexibility to produce pellets with varying strengths, depending on the application and complementary needs such as the size of the blast furnace and the process of transportation of the product.
  • the definition of the percentage of cement should be based on the real need for resistance, since the cement dilutes the percentage of iron in the ball.
  • the graph 1 shown in the attached Figure 8 illustrates the resistance of the pellet to the percentage of special cement.
  • Drumming - this parameter has a direct correlation with the compressive strength of the pellet, the greater the resistance the greater the drumming and vice versa.
  • the dosage of 7% of binder leads to a sufficient performance, with an index of more than 90% and compatible with the standard (ISO 3271).
  • RDI as in the case of the drum, a good correlation with the compressive strength of the ball is observed.
  • the level required by the standard (ISO 13390) of 90% pellet integrity after the test can be achieved with 7% dosing of the binder.
  • Swelling - the physical integrity of the pellet depends on the control of this variable. For swelling greater than 20% there is already the risk of disintegration of the pellet before the material entering the process of chemical solution. In this case, the blast furnace may enter into process mismatch.
  • Basicity follows the conditions of the steel binary basicity index of approximately 0.02, that is, the ratio between CaO and free S1O2, according to the following worksheet, guarantees a level of ball swelling below 15%, for percentage of S102 in the ore above 6%.
  • the IB-REAL impacting the swelling is calculated by taking into account the available CaO from ores and the free CaO of the clinker used in the manufacture of the special cement, which may not exceed 1.5%, and the oxide of silicon present in iron ore.
  • the CaO and S1O2 that form the silicates of the cement are combined and do not change the conditions of basicity at this moment, where the transformation of the crystals of the iron ore happens from the rhomboidal form to the needle when the reduction takes place.
  • reducibility stands out as a strong point of this pellet due to porosity (25% to 30%) and pore size in the material, as shown in figure 3, shown in Figure 10, attached.
  • Pellets - The cold pellet has a lower porosity when compared to the ceramized one.
  • the pores present in the cold pellet have a diameter between 0.01 and
  • the pores are of average dimension of 0.1 micronm versus pores of average size of the ceramized ball of 10 microm. This explains the high redutibility of the cold-drawn pellet. The extended contact surface enables this performance.
  • a PI061 1558-6 "Material for coating discs and drums of iron ore of a different or different nature from the material being pelletized and constructive arrangement for pelletizing discs and drums" - comprises a mixture of products agglomerates with ores (ground or not) of the group consisting of iron, manganese or others, including the inclusion of fluxes.
  • the disc or drum 5 has its bottom 1 coated by the material so as to form a layer of the cold curing coating bottom 2, vegetable oils, minerals and / or forming products (6) is further provided for incorporating polyethylene sheets (7) to assist in the separation of the fines from the pellets (6). It differs from the present patent because it has as its object the coating of disks and pelletizing drums and not the production of material for setting in blast furnaces.
  • a PI9402617-3 - "Process for recovery by briquetting, agglomeration, pelletizing and pressing of fine residues in metallurgical, iron alloys, steelworks, foundries and in the factories of additives in racing" refers to the process of briquetting, agglomeration, pelletizing and pressing of fine residues, raw materials, industrial residues and fine grain additions of metals and other products that can not be used in the furnaces because they are entrained by gases and fumes.
  • the patent differs from the present patent because it is a process of non-specific agglomeration of waste in general, with the sole purpose of agglomerating the material so that it can be reintroduced to the furnaces.
  • the patent does not focus on an agglomeration process that is alternative to the iron ore or hot pelletizing that deals with this problem and represents the current state of the art.
  • the patent does not specify the agglomerated material to meet the requirements of blast furnaces, such as compressive strength, drumming, RDI, reducibility, swelling, and the chemical attributes required by blast furnaces.
  • a process for cold pelletizing slurry produced in blast furnaces comprising the following steps: 1) the blast furnace slab undergoes a first natural drying, reducing its moisture to approximately 15%; deposited or scattered in an open-air patio, and at this stage, the mud turns into fuzzy layers; 2) extermination of the mud already dried through exterminator or machine capable of breaking into small fragments; 3) the already fragmented slurry receives a suitable binder and passes through a mixing phase through a rotary mixer; 4) the mixed or homogenized material with dry slurry and binder is transferred to pelletizing where the processed material receives a controlled volume of water which, associated with the rotation of the disc and its inclination, promotes the agglomeration of the particles and is transformed into pellets, whose granulometry is defined as a function of the quantities of water, speed of rotation and angle of inclination of the rotary disc of the pelletizer; 5) Pellets are stored in the shade, maintaining a high humidity level through water spray for 3 consecutive days.
  • the pellets Q achieve consistency and a compression ratio above 40 kgf per pellet. It differs from the present patent because it is a process directed to the use of sludge generated in the treatment of the blast furnace gases, aiming at the re-formation of the material. In this case, the specification of the material or product generated focuses only the possibility of reintroduction to the oven.
  • a PI BR0000321510049410 “Cold Pelletizing Process of Iron Ore Fines", similarly owned by the Applicant of the present patent, refers to cold pelletizing process through mortar composed of superfine iron ore and Portland cement in an optimized ratio that allows the achievement of technical specifications and competitive costs.
  • the production of the pellets obeys simplified flow chart in the different scales of production. It differs from the present patent because it does not present the detailed characteristics of the granulometric arrangement that allows the packaging of the grains and consequent attainment of the mechanical attributes of the pellet, without, however, of the fine porosity that enhances the material's reducibility.
  • the present process allows the use of dry or wet materials below 3.5%, hence there is no need for process water treatment, which facilitates and makes the process more environmentally correct.
  • the raw material to be pelletized is already wet, it is possible to opt for the wet route without prejudice to the final product.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the flowchart of the entire process.
  • Figure 2 shows the flowchart of the homogenization / drying step.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the flow chart of the screening / milling step.
  • Figure 4 shows the flow chart of the dosing / mixing / beading step.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the flow chart of the transport / stacking / curing step.
  • process (1) has the steps described below:
  • the stacker (01) performs the longitudinal ore deposition and the take-up (02) removes the material from the stack transversely, which promotes material mixing by reducing the standard deviation of material quality by up to 12 times.
  • the other constituents such as the special cement in the silo (08) and other material, if necessary, must be added to the silo (09). It is imperative that the dosage be very accurate, and therefore the dosers (10, 11, 12 and 13) must comply with the adjustments, so that the good quality of the final product is obtained.
  • the dosage must obey the principle of the sequence of the mixture: from the smallest quantity to the largest quantity, increasing the efficiency of the mixture.
  • the materials are then cast into a continuous rotary mixer (14) with blenders and low energy blades, since the materials are dry, or with low humidity, allowing perfect mixing. In the case of mixing with wet materials, the mixer should be changed and require more energy for mixing.
  • the tip can be made with dry or wet material. If dry, the addition of water will occur through spray nozzles suitably disposed on the disc or drum (15) of the bead. If wet, there is also a need to atomizers but in smaller amount. When using dry material, the amount of water demanded is 80 to 90 kg / T of ball.
  • the pellet can be stored in the open without any risk to its quality and for as long as necessary. There is no degradation over time.
  • the loss of resistance test after 24 hours of immersion of the pellet in water presents reduction of the resistance in 25% of the resistance of the dried pellet.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Le présent brevet d'invention s'applique au domaine du traitement de minerai de fer et concerne un procédé de pelletisation à froid de fines de minerai de fer avec flexibilité de mélanges, dans une plage granulométrique comprise entre zéro et 6,4 mm, les fines étant obligatoirement produites par les industries minière et sidérurgique, qui possèdent actuellement comme options d'agglomération de ces fines, des procédés tels que le frittage, la céramisation ou la pelletisation à chaud et le briquetage. La présente invention présente un procédé de pelletisation à froid et une installation industrielle adaptée à la réalisation du procédé de production de pellets de minerai.
PCT/BR2018/050264 2017-08-16 2018-07-31 Procédé de pelletisation à froid de fines de minerai de fer avec flexibilité de mélanges Ceased WO2019033187A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRBR102017017535-9 2017-08-16
BR102017017535-9A BR102017017535A2 (pt) 2017-08-16 2017-08-16 Processo de pelotização a frio de finos de minério de ferro com flexibilidade de misturas

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WO2019033187A1 true WO2019033187A1 (fr) 2019-02-21

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4019481A1 (fr) 2020-12-22 2022-06-29 Holcim Technology Ltd Composition de liant pour la production de granulés de minerai métallique, procédé de production des granulés et granulé de minerai métallique
US11987860B2 (en) 2021-09-16 2024-05-21 Sidney Nicodemos da Silva Low temperature briquette of fines bearing iron and other metals
CN118951032A (zh) * 2024-10-16 2024-11-15 中南大学 一种氢气还原-微波强化固结法生产高密度球形铁粉的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113278793B (zh) * 2021-04-19 2022-02-18 昆明理工大学 一种球团矿的分层配矿方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011021560A1 (fr) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 新日本製鐵株式会社 Aggloméré carboné non cuit et procédé de fabrication associé
BR0215975B1 (pt) * 2002-12-02 2012-02-22 processo para briquetagem e peletização a frio de minérios ferrosos ou não ferrosos ou finos de minério, briquete e pelota produzidos de acordo com o mesmo.
BR102014006358A2 (pt) * 2014-03-17 2016-03-15 Daniel Travassor Da Rosa Costa processo de pelotização a frio de finos de minério de ferro

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR0215975B1 (pt) * 2002-12-02 2012-02-22 processo para briquetagem e peletização a frio de minérios ferrosos ou não ferrosos ou finos de minério, briquete e pelota produzidos de acordo com o mesmo.
WO2011021560A1 (fr) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 新日本製鐵株式会社 Aggloméré carboné non cuit et procédé de fabrication associé
BR102014006358A2 (pt) * 2014-03-17 2016-03-15 Daniel Travassor Da Rosa Costa processo de pelotização a frio de finos de minério de ferro

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4019481A1 (fr) 2020-12-22 2022-06-29 Holcim Technology Ltd Composition de liant pour la production de granulés de minerai métallique, procédé de production des granulés et granulé de minerai métallique
WO2022136070A1 (fr) 2020-12-22 2022-06-30 Holcim Technology Ltd Composition de liant destinée à la production de granulés de minerai métallique, procédé de production des granulés et granulé de minerai métallique
JP2023554528A (ja) * 2020-12-22 2023-12-27 ホルシム テクノロジー エルティーディー 金属鉱石ペレットの製造のための結合剤組成物、ペレットの製造のための方法、および金属鉱石ペレット
US11987860B2 (en) 2021-09-16 2024-05-21 Sidney Nicodemos da Silva Low temperature briquette of fines bearing iron and other metals
CN118951032A (zh) * 2024-10-16 2024-11-15 中南大学 一种氢气还原-微波强化固结法生产高密度球形铁粉的方法

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