WO2019088143A1 - 生物活性が低下した抗体バリアントおよびアイソフォーム - Google Patents
生物活性が低下した抗体バリアントおよびアイソフォーム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019088143A1 WO2019088143A1 PCT/JP2018/040436 JP2018040436W WO2019088143A1 WO 2019088143 A1 WO2019088143 A1 WO 2019088143A1 JP 2018040436 W JP2018040436 W JP 2018040436W WO 2019088143 A1 WO2019088143 A1 WO 2019088143A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/46—Hybrid immunoglobulins
- C07K16/468—Immunoglobulins having two or more different antigen binding sites, e.g. multifunctional antibodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/06—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies from serum
- C07K16/065—Purification, fragmentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/36—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against blood coagulation factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/46—Hybrid immunoglobulins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/31—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/51—Complete heavy chain or Fd fragment, i.e. VH + CH1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/71—Decreased effector function due to an Fc-modification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance
Definitions
- the present invention relates to antibody variants and isoforms with reduced biological activity.
- the present invention relates to antibody variants and isoforms of emicizumab in which blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) like activity is reduced.
- the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions having a low content of such antibody variants and isoforms.
- the invention further relates to methods of detection and analysis of such antibody variants and isoforms.
- Non-Patent Documents 1, 2 and 3 are attracting attention as pharmaceuticals because they are highly stable in plasma and have few side effects. Among them, a large number of antibody drugs of the IgG type have been marketed, and many antibody drugs are currently being developed (Non-Patent Documents 1, 2 and 3).
- Hemophilia A is a bleeding disorder due to congenital FVIII loss or deficiency.
- FVIII preparation is usually administered (on-demand administration).
- FVIII preparations are administered prophylactically to prevent bleeding events (non-patent documents 1 and 2) (preventive administration).
- the half-life of the FVIII preparation in blood is about 12 to about 16 hours. Therefore, for continuous prevention, FVIII preparations are administered to patients three times a week (Non-patent Documents 3 and 4).
- the FVIII preparation is additionally administered at regular intervals, as necessary, to prevent rebleeding.
- administration of the FVIII preparation is performed intravenously. Therefore, there has been a strong demand for drugs with less burden of administration compared to FVIII preparations.
- Patent Documents 1, 2, 3 and 4 Bispecific antibodies against FIXa and FX can exert FVIII-like activity and substitute the function of FVIII by positioning both factors in the vicinity. It has been reported that FVIII-like activity of the antibody can be improved by optimizing the affinity to FIXa and FX (Non-patent Document 6).
- Emicizumab (Emicizumab: ACE 910), which is one of the antibodies and has high FVIII-like activity, has been reported to exert a hemostatic effect in a monkey hemophilia model (Non-patent Documents 7 and 8). Clinical trials have been conducted for patients with disease A.
- the present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide antibody variants or isoforms with low FVIII-like activity.
- the present inventors succeeded in identifying antibody variants and isoforms contained in a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab as an active ingredient. In addition, they found that the FVIII-like activity of these antibody variants and isoforms was extremely low compared to emicizumab.
- a variant of an antibody having a variable region comprising the amino acid sequence SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG (SEQ ID NO: 2), (A) amino acid residue R at position 12 from the N-terminal side of the sequence (position 61 from the N-terminal side of Emicizumab Q chain: position 60 of Kabat numbering); or (b) from the N-terminal side of the sequence Amino acid residue YYR at positions 10 to 12 (positions 59 to 61 from the N-terminal side of emicizumab Q chain: Kabat numbering positions 58 to 60) Antibody variant, wherein the variable region is truncated at the site of deficiency.
- a sample containing an antibody having a variable region containing the amino acid sequence SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG (SEQ ID NO: 2) was subjected to affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, normal phase chromatography, reverse phase chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC Separation, by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), charge based separation, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), or a combination thereof, [1] to [6] ]
- the detection method of [7], wherein the antibody variant of any one of [1] to [6] is used as a standard.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody variant of any one of [9] [1] to [6], wherein the proportion of the antibody variant in all antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is 5% or less. .
- the pharmaceutical composition of [9] obtained by a purification step including purification by cation exchange chromatography (CEX).
- [12] A method for suppressing the production of an antibody variant of any one of [1] to [6], comprising the step of culturing antibody-producing cells at a pH of 7.1 or more and / or a culture temperature of 36 ° C. or less.
- [12-2] The method of [12], wherein the culture conditions of the antibody-producing cells are changed to culture at a pH of 7.1 or more and / or a culture temperature of 36 ° C. or less during the culture.
- Q chain: SEQ ID NO: 10 a first heavy chain
- J chain: SEQ ID NO: 11 which comprises: cation exchange chromatography
- a bispecific antibody isoform characterized in that it is eluted in the region more alkaline than the bispecific antibody when it is separated using.
- the bispecific antibody isoform according to any of [13] to [15], which is an isoform of emicizumab.
- the sample containing the bispecific antibody is subjected to affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, normal phase chromatography, reverse phase chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)
- Antibody iso according to any one of [13] to [16], comprising the steps of separation by charge based separation, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), or a combination thereof.
- Form detection method [18] The detection method of [17], wherein the bispecific antibody isoform of any of [13] to [16] is used as a standard.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the bispecific antibody isoform of any one of [13] to [16], wherein the ratio of the antibody isoform to the total antibody molecule in the pharmaceutical composition is 2% or less A pharmaceutical composition.
- An isoform of an antibody or derivative thereof having two variable regions that respectively recognize different epitopes wherein the average value of Rg is 3% or more, preferably 4% or more, relative to the antibody or the derivative thereof
- the isoform is 5% or more, more preferably 6% or less
- / or the average value of Dmax is 5% or more, preferably 6% or more, more preferably 7% or more, more preferably 7.5% or more.
- the isoform has a small value of 0.25 nm or more, more preferably 0.3 nm or more, and / or an average value of Dmax of 0.5 nm or more, preferably 1.0 nm or more, more preferably 1.2 nm or more, more preferably 1.4 nm or more.
- the antibody or derivative thereof is emicizumab (first heavy chain (Q chain: SEQ ID NO: 10), second heavy chain (J chain: SEQ ID NO: 11), and first heavy chain, second heavy)
- a cysteine at position 144 of EU numbering in the first heavy chain (position 150 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) and a position of EU numbering 200 in the second heavy chain (from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11)
- a cysteine at position 202) and a EU numbering 200 (position 206 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) in the first heavy chain and a cysteine at position 144 in the second heavy chain The isoform of [25] or [26] having a disulfide bond with a cysteine at position 146 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising emicizumab and an isoform of any one of [22] to [27], wherein the proportion of the isoform in all antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is 2% or less Composition.
- [29] forms a pair with each of the first heavy chain (Q chain: SEQ ID NO: 10), the second heavy chain (J chain: SEQ ID NO: 11), and the first heavy chain and the second heavy chain
- An isoform of a bispecific antibody Q499-z121 / J327-z119 / L404-k; emicizumab) comprising a common light chain (SEQ ID NO: 12), wherein EU numbering positions 146 to 174 in the Q chain (SEQ ID NO: 12) Emizumab and a molecule at amino acid residues 152 to 180 from the N-terminal side of 10 and at amino acid residues 146 to 174 (from 148 to 176 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11) in the J chain Isoforms
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising emicizumab and an isoform of [29] or [30], wherein the proportion of the isoform in all antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is 2% or less.
- the present invention also provides the following [A1] to [A9].
- [A1] the step of subjecting the sample containing the antibody and / or antibody variant or isoform to a reduction reaction, hydrolysis reaction (digestion reaction), protein denaturation reaction, or a combination thereof, of [7] or [17] Detection method.
- [A2] The detection method of [A1], wherein the reduction reaction is carried out under mild reducing conditions (for example, reduction at 37 ° C. with DTT in Tris buffer (pH 7.0)).
- [A3] The method for detecting [A1], wherein the hydrolysis reaction is carried out using a site-specific cleavage enzyme (eg, a sequence-specific protease such as IdeS protease, Lys-C, papain, etc.).
- a site-specific cleavage enzyme eg, a sequence-specific protease such as IdeS protease, Lys-C, papain, etc.
- [A7] A method for producing a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab, comprising the steps of the method of [A6].
- a method of purifying a composition containing emicizumab comprising the step of Bind & Elute mode of cation exchange chromatography (CEX).
- a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab which comprises the steps of the purification method of [A9] [A8].
- the present inventors succeeded in identifying antibody variants and isoforms contained in a pharmaceutical composition containing emisizumab as an active ingredient.
- emisizumab as an active ingredient.
- the FVIII-like activity of these antibody variants and isoforms is extremely low compared to emicizumab. Therefore, pharmaceutical compositions containing emicizumab but having a low content of these antibody variants and isoforms are useful as therapeutic means for hemophilia.
- FIG. 1A shows the separation results of emicizumab drug substance by CE-HPLC.
- the peak indicated by a bold frame indicates the Q-CDR-Clipped Variant.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic view showing the molecular structure of the Q-CDR-Clipped Variant.
- the numbers in the figure and the alphabets below indicate the positions of amino acid residues counted from the N-terminal side of the Q chain of emicizumab and the amino acid residues (one-letter code) at these positions, respectively.
- FIG. 2A shows separation results of emicizumab drug substance by CE-HPLC.
- the peak indicated by a bold frame indicates Protected disulfide isoform.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic view showing the molecular structure of Protected disulfide isoform.
- the numbers in the figure and the alphabet C on the left represent the position of the amino acid residue and the cysteine residue at that position, respectively, counted from the N-terminal side of the Q chain of emicizumab.
- FIG. 2C is a graph showing the content of Protected disulfide isoform in emicizumab drug substance.
- FIGS. 3A-D show that after IdeS digestion, emicimab (A and B) or protected disulfide isoform (B and D: partial reduction conditions) with or without denaturing agents (A and C: complete reduction conditions) or without conditions (B and D: partial reduction conditions).
- a and B emicimab
- B and D protected disulfide isoform
- a and C complete reduction conditions
- B and D partial reduction conditions
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography separation of emisizumab and protected disulfide isoform after IdeS digestion (and denaturation).
- FIGS. 4A and B show the separation results of Protected disulfide isoform (A) or Emicizumab (B) after IdeS digestion.
- FIGS. 4C and D show the separation results of Protected disulfide isoform (C) or Emicizumab (D) denatured after IdeS digestion.
- the F (ab ') 2 portion (LC-J Fab-Q Fab-LC) of Protected Disulfide Isoform was separated with a longer retention time than the main component of emicizumab.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the content of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant contained in the culture supernatant in the case of culturing emicizumab-producing CHO cells under various culture conditions.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the content of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant contained in the culture supernatant in the case of culturing emicizumab-producing CHO cells under various culture conditions.
- a sample obtained by purifying the culture supernatant with Protein A was used for measurement of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant content.
- the vertical axis represents Q-CDR-Clipped Variant content (peak area%), and the horizontal axis represents various culture conditions.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of CE-HPLC analysis of each fraction in the purification step including the Bind & Elute mode step of cation exchange chromatography (CEX) of the solution of the emicizumab antibody containing Q-CDR Clipped Variant in the cation exchange chromatography (CEX) step.
- the “loading fraction” shows the result of CE-HPLC analysis of the antibody solution loaded on the cation exchange column.
- Wash fraction indicates the result of CE-HPLC analysis of the column adsorption fraction after passing (after washing) the phosphate buffer containing 25 mmol / L sodium chloride adjusted to pH 7.2 to the column (after washing) .
- the “eluted fraction” shows the result of CE-HPLC analysis of the column adsorbed fraction after passing through the column a phosphate buffer containing 100 mmol / L sodium chloride adjusted to pH 6.5 after washing. Compared to the load fraction and the wash fraction, in the elution fraction, the peak of the Q-CDR Clipped Variant that is more acidic than the peak of the emicizumab antibody has disappeared. 8A to 8D show the analysis results of the molecular structures of emicizumab (Main) and Protected Disulfide Isoform (BiAb3) by the SAXS apparatus.
- Pair-distance distribution function [p (r)], Rg (nm), Dmax (nm) represent the distance distribution function between molecules of two molecules, the radius of inertia, and the maximum length, respectively.
- FIG. 9A shows emicizumab (the main component of cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography) and residual plot of protected disulpide isoform (deuterium exchange time 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, and s) in HDX-MS measurement (% D). 240 s, 480 s, 960 s, 1920 s and 3840 s).
- the bar graphs show the sum of the differences in the results for each deuterium exchange time in the Q, J and L chains.
- FIG. 9B shows a portion suggested to be a difference in molecular structure between emicizumab and Protected Disulfide Isoform by HDX-MS measurement.
- the difference in molecular structure between the two is as follows: EU numbering positions 146 to 174 in the Q chain (152 to 180 from the N terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) and EU numbering positions 146 to 174 in the J chain (N of SEQ ID NO: 11) It was remarkable in the peptide containing the amino acid residue from 148th from the terminal side to 176) (indicated by asterisk).
- Fig. 9-1 is a continuation of Fig. 9-1.
- antibody variants and isoforms having reduced biological activity eg, FVIII-like activity
- These antibody variants and isoforms were identified as two structural variants (Q-CDR-Clipped Variant and Protected disulfide isoform) in our analysis of the drug substance emicizumab.
- “antibody variants” and “antibody isoforms” may also be referred to as variants or isomers of antibody molecules.
- Emicizumab is a bispecific humanized IgG4 antibody consisting of anti-FIX (a) and anti-FX showing FVIII cofactor function alternative activity, and two heavy chains (Q499 and Q499) that recognize FIX (a) and FX respectively J327) and a common L chain (L404).
- emicizumab is a bispecific antibody in which a first polypeptide and a third polypeptide form a pair, and a second polypeptide and a fourth polypeptide form a pair, H chain containing the amino acid sequence of H chain CDR1, 2, 3 (SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 (H chain CDR of Q499) described in SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 (SEQ ID NO: 4) H chain containing the amino acid sequence of H chain CDR1, 2, 3 described in 5, 6 (H chain CDR of J327), the third polypeptide and the fourth polypeptide are SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, 9 (L404) (L-chain CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 1) (Q499-z121 / J327-z119 / L404-k), a bispecific antibody consisting of a common L chain comprising the amino acid sequences of L chain CDR1, 2, 3 described in L).
- emicizumab is a bispecific antibody in which a first polypeptide and a third polypeptide form a pair, and a second polypeptide and a fourth polypeptide form a pair.
- a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13; a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14;
- a third polypeptide and a fourth polypeptide are bispecific antibodies consisting of a common L chain comprising the amino acid sequence of the L chain variable region as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15.
- emicizumab is a bispecific antibody in which a first polypeptide and a third polypeptide form a pair, and a second polypeptide and a fourth polypeptide form a pair.
- a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 in the second polypeptide, and a third polypeptide and a fourth Is a bispecific antibody (Q499-z121 / J327-z119 / L404-k) consisting of the common L chain described in SEQ ID NO: 12.
- Such an antibody can be obtained, for example, according to the method described in WO 2005/035756, WO 2006/109592, WO 2012/067176 and the like.
- the antibody used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it binds to a desired antigen, and may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody, and a monoclonal antibody is preferred in that it can stably produce a homogeneous antibody.
- amino acids contained in the amino acid sequence described in the present invention are posttranslationally modified (eg, modification to pyroglutamic acid by pyroglutamylation of N-terminal glutamine is a modification well known to those skilled in the art) In some cases, even when the amino acid is post-translationally modified as such, it is naturally included in the antibody used in the present invention.
- the biological activity of the antibody or antibody variant or antibody isoform is preferably a FVIII like activity.
- FVIII-like activity means an activity that substitutes for the function of FVIII (FVIII cofactor functional alternative activity).
- to substitute for the function of FVIII means to recognize FIX or FIXa and FX, and promote the activation of FX by FIXa (promote the production of FXa by FIXa).
- the FXa production promoting activity can be evaluated, for example, with a measurement system comprising FIXa, FX, a synthetic substrate S-2222 (a synthetic substrate of FXa), and a phospholipid.
- Such a measurement system correlates with the disease severity and clinical symptoms in hemophilia A cases (Rosen S, Andersson M, Blomba ck M et al. Clinical applications of a chromogenic substrate method for determination of FVIII Thromb Haemost 1985; 54: 811-23).
- the FVIII-like activity of antibodies and antibody variants and antibody isoforms such as emicizumab can be evaluated, for example, according to the method described in WO 2005/035756, WO 2006/109592, WO 2012/067176 and the like.
- the fact that the biological activity of the antibody or antibody variant or antibody isoform is reduced means that the biological activity is reduced as compared to the biological activity of the antibody to be compared, which is statistically significant. It is preferable that the In the present invention, the biological activity of the antibody or antibody variant or antibody isoform is significantly (or extremely) reduced by 10% or more, for example, of the biological activity relative to the biological activity of the antibody to be compared, for example It means that it is falling by 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more.
- Q chain and J chain mean an H chain (heavy chain) containing a variable region capable of binding to FIX (a) and FX, respectively.
- the “common L chain” is an L chain that can form a pair with two or more different H chains and can exhibit binding ability to each antigen.
- “different H chains” preferably refer to H chains of antibodies against different antigens, but are not limited thereto, and mean H chains having different amino acid sequences.
- the common L chain can be obtained, for example, according to the method described in WO2006 / 109592.
- antibody is used in the broadest sense and, as long as it exhibits the desired biological activity, monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, dimers, multimers, multispecific antibodies (e.g. bispecific antibodies) , Antibody derivatives and antibody modifications (Miller K et al. J Immunol. 2003, 170 (9), 4854-61).
- the antibodies may be murine, human, humanized, chimeric, or derived from other species or artificially synthesized.
- the antibodies disclosed herein can be of any type (eg, IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD and IgA), class (eg, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule It can be.
- the immunoglobulin may be from any species (eg, human, mouse or rabbit).
- the terms "antibody”, “immunoglobulin” and “immunoglobulin” are used interchangeably in a broad sense.
- bispecific antibody refers to an antibody having two variable regions in the same antibody molecule that each recognize a different epitope.
- Bispecific antibodies may be antibodies that recognize two or more different antigens, or antibodies that recognize two or more different epitopes on the same antigen.
- Bispecific antibodies may include not only whole antibodies but also antibody derivatives.
- a recombinant antibody produced using genetic recombination technology can be used as the antibody.
- the recombinant antibody may be cloned from antibody-producing cells such as hybridomas or sensitized lymphocytes producing the antibody, and then incorporated into a vector and introduced into a host (host cell) for production. It can be obtained by
- Bispecific antibodies are not limited to those of the IgG type, for example, IgG type bispecific antibodies can be secreted by hybrid hybridomas (quadromas) produced by fusing two hybridomas that produce IgG antibodies (Milstein C et al. Nature 1983, 305: 537-540). Moreover, it can be made to secrete by co-expressing by introduce
- the antibodies of the present invention can be produced by methods known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, DNA encoding a target antibody is incorporated into an expression vector. At that time, it is incorporated into an expression vector to be expressed under the control of an expression control region, such as an enhancer or a promoter. Next, host cells are transformed with this expression vector to express an antibody. At that time, a combination of appropriate host and expression vector can be used.
- an expression control region such as an enhancer or a promoter.
- the antibody of the present invention thus obtained can be isolated from the inside or outside of the host cell (such as medium) and purified as a substantially pure homogeneous antibody.
- the separation and purification of the antibody may be carried out using the separation and purification methods used in the conventional purification of antibodies, and is not limited in any way.
- the separation and purification methods used in the conventional purification of antibodies, and is not limited in any way.
- the method described in WO2013 / 086448 is known for the separation of IgG2 disulfide isoforms.
- antibodies and antibody variants or antibody isoforms can be separated and purified.
- various matrices such as a strong cation exchange matrix, a weak cation exchange matrix, an anti-human IgG affinity matrix, and a protein L matrix can be used.
- the present invention relates to an antibody variant (sometimes referred to herein as a Q-CDR-Clipped Variant) having the following characteristics: Very low biological activity (FVIII-like activity) compared to emicizumab; The N-terminal fragment and the C-terminal fragment of the deleted amino acid residue are linked by a disulfide bond (FIG. 1B).
- the amount of production varies depending on the culture time, culture temperature and culture pH of antibody-producing cells.
- the Q-CDR-Clipped Variant is a variant of an antibody having a variable region comprising the amino acid sequence SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG (SEQ ID NO: 2), (A) amino acid residue R at position 12 from the N-terminal side of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 (position 61 from the N-terminal side of the Q chain of emicizumab, ie, Kabat numbering 60); or (b) sequence Amino acid residue YYR at position 10 to 12 from the N-terminal side of the amino acid sequence of No.
- the Q-CDR-Clipped Variant is preferably a variant of a bi-specific antibody, particularly preferably a variant of emicizumab.
- the invention also relates to methods of detecting and analyzing Q-CDR-Clipped Variants.
- the method of detecting Q-CDR-Clipped Variant comprises affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, normal phase chromatography, reverse phase, a sample comprising an antibody having a variable region comprising the amino acid sequence SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- phase chromatography hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), charge based separation, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), or a combination thereof Including the step of separating.
- the analysis method of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant uses one or more selected from the group consisting of quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, and structural analysis using Q-CDR-Clipped Variant as a standard. Including the step of performing an analysis of In such detection method and analysis method, detection and analysis can be performed with the presence or absence of a deletion site in the Fab (Q chain Fab) having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 as an index.
- the defective site can be detected, for example, by using a shift in molecular weight attributable to the defective in LCMS analysis as an index.
- the fragment at the N-terminal side of the deleted amino acid residue and the fragment at the C-terminal side are linked by a disulfide bond, so after being subjected to a disulfide bond reduction reaction
- a disulfide bond reduction reaction By analyzing samples using various analytical techniques such as CE-HPLC, LCMS, LC-UV, etc., differences in reduction patterns due to the presence or absence of a defect site can be detected.
- structural analysis by NMR measurement or the like can also be used.
- the present invention can carry out the production and quality control of a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab by performing one or a combination of the detection method and analysis method as described above.
- the present invention relates to a method of quality control of a pharmaceutical composition containing emizumab, comprising the implementation of the detection method and analysis method as described above, or a step combining these methods.
- the present invention also relates to the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab, which comprises the steps of carrying out such a quality control method.
- the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising emicizumab and Q-CDR-Clipped Variant, wherein the ratio of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant in antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is kept low. It relates to a pharmaceutical composition.
- the pharmaceutical composition is obtained by a purification step that includes purification by cation exchange chromatography (CEX). For example, after adsorbing an antibody solution containing emicizumab and Q-CDR-Clipped Variant on a cation exchange column, only the acid-side variant containing Q-CDR Clipped Variant can be specifically eluted and removed.
- CEX cation exchange chromatography
- the proportion of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant in all antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition can be evaluated by various methods including the above-mentioned Q-CDR-Clipped Variant detection / analysis method, for example, the pharmaceutical composition It can be represented by the ratio (peak area ratio) of the peak area of the Q-CDR-Clipped Variant when analyzed by cation exchange chromatography (CEX) or CE-HPLC.
- the ratio (for example, peak area ratio of CEX) of all the antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is preferably 5% or less, for example, 5.0% or less, 4.0% or less, 3.0% or less , 2.0% or less, or 1.0% or less.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition having a low content of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant and a method for suppressing the formation of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant.
- the amount of Q-CDR-Clipped Variant produced can be reduced by shortening the culture time of antibody-producing cells (eg within 15 days, preferably within 13 days), or lowering the culture temperature (eg below 38 ° C., preferably) Is reduced by 37 ° C. or less, more preferably 36 ° C. or less, and / or by raising the culture pH (eg, 6.7 or more, preferably 6.9 or more, more preferably 7.1 or more). Can be done (Figure 4).
- the above-mentioned method comprises the steps of culturing antibody (eg emisizumab) -producing cells at a lower culture temperature (eg about 36 ° C. or less) and higher pH (eg about 7.1 or more) for a certain period of time (eg about 15 days or less). It is characterized by including.
- the method comprises the step of culturing the antibody-producing cells at a pH of 7.1 or more and / or a culturing temperature of 36 ° C. or less.
- the above method shifts the culture conditions of antibody-producing cells to culture conditions at a pH of 7.1 or more and / or a culture temperature of 36 ° C.
- the present invention relates to a method of purifying a composition comprising emicizumab, characterized in that it comprises the steps of Bind & Elute mode of cation exchange chromatography (CEX).
- CEX Bind & Elute mode of cation exchange chromatography
- the present invention also relates to a method of producing a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab, which comprises the step of carrying out the purification method.
- the present invention relates to antibody isoforms (sometimes referred to herein as Protected disulfide isoforms) having the following characteristics: Very low biological activity (FVIII-like activity) compared to emicizumab; • Stronger hydrophobicity than emicizumab; • Disulfide bonds between heavy chains (FIG. 2B) are less likely to be reduced under mild reducing conditions (partial reducing conditions) compared to emicizumab; It is generated regardless of conditions (production parameters) such as the dissolved oxygen concentration and initial pH in the culture solution of antibody-producing cells, and the culture time before the addition of MTX (methotrexate).
- Protected disulfide isoforms are characterized in that they can bind to the antigens FIX (a) and FX but do not exhibit biological activity (FVIII-like activity).
- the protected disulfide isoform has the same (normal) disulfide bond as emicizumab, but is more hydrophobic than usual due to the structural change of the Fab part, and the disulfide bond between heavy chains is usually It is a structural isomer that is more difficult to be reduced.
- the Protected disulfide isoform is an isoform of a bispecific antibody comprising a first heavy chain (Q chain: SEQ ID NO: 10) and a second heavy chain (J chain: SEQ ID NO: 11) , (1a) A cysteine at position 144 of EU numbering in the first heavy chain (position 150 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) and a position of EU numbering 200 in the second heavy chain (from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11) And (1b) a cysteine at position 200 (position 206 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) in the first heavy chain, and a EU in the second heavy chain); Between the numbering and the cysteine at position 144 (position 146 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11); (2a) a cysteine at EU position 226 (position 229 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) in the first heavy chain and EU numbering 229 in the
- the protected disulfide isoform is (1a) A cysteine at position 144 of EU numbering in the first heavy chain (position 150 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) and a position of EU numbering 200 in the second heavy chain (from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11) Between the cysteine at position 202); (1b) A cysteine at position 200 EU numbering in the first heavy chain (position 206 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) and EU numbering position 144 in the second heavy chain (from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11) Between cysteine at position 146); (1c) A cysteine at EU position 226 (position 229 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10) in the first heavy chain and an EU numbering position 226 in the second heavy chain (N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11) And (1d) a cysteine at position 229 in the first heavy chain (position 232 from the N
- the present invention also relates to methods of detection and analysis of Protected disulfide isoforms.
- the method for detecting Protected disulfide isoform comprises: affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, normal phase chromatography, reverse phase chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), a sample containing a bispecific antibody Separation by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), charge based separation, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), or a combination thereof.
- the method of analysis of Protected disulfide isoform is a step of carrying out one or more analysis selected from the group consisting of quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, and structural analysis, using Protected disulfide isoform as a standard. Including.
- analysis can be performed by utilizing the difference between Protected disulfide isoform and emicizumab in the structure of the inter-heavy chain disulfide bond region and / or Fab region. This structural difference can be detected, for example, by various analysis methods as described below.
- a sample after performing a digestion reaction with IdeS protease (cutting a single site under the hinge region of IgG to generate F (ab ') 2 and Fc fragment) under non-reducing conditions is reversed phase
- a column for example, C4 column
- a sample after reduction under mild reducing conditions for example, reduction at 37 ° C. with DTT in Tris buffer (pH 7.0) is analyzed by a reverse phase column.
- Emicizumab and Protected disulfide isoform do not detect any difference in the analysis results by reverse phase column when the reduction reaction is performed under the condition that all disulfide bonds are reduced, but the reduction reaction is performed under the above-mentioned mild reduction conditions In this case, the difference in reduction pattern is detected in the analysis results by the reverse phase column. While not intending to be limited by any particular theory, under the mild reducing conditions described above, emicizumab reduces the heavy chain-light chain disulfide bond and the heavy chain disulfide bond. On the other hand, it is considered that only the disulfide bond between the heavy chain and the light chain is reduced and the disulfide bond between the heavy chain is not reduced.
- reverse phase column (eg, C4 column) when limited Lys-C digestion is performed under non-denaturing conditions (eg, in Tris buffer) (eg, by stopping the Lys-C digestion reaction)
- non-denaturing conditions eg, in Tris buffer
- the result of preferential cleavage of a site accessible to Lys-C while retaining its steric structure due to Lys-C digestion under non-denaturing conditions It is considered that a Lys-C digestion pattern reflecting the difference in three-dimensional structure is detected.
- a Lys-C digestion on a non-reduced sample (that is, retain SS bond) after denaturation treatment (eg, 5 M guanidine, 37 ° C., 30 minutes treatment), and reverse phase column
- denaturation treatment eg, 5 M guanidine, 37 ° C., 30 minutes treatment
- Lys-C digestion patterns reflecting differences in SS bonds are detected as a result of preferential cleavage of sites accessible to Lys-C.
- various degradation reactions such as papain digestion can be utilized.
- the present invention can carry out the production and quality control of a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab by performing one or a combination of the detection method and analysis method as described above. . Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of quality control of a pharmaceutical composition containing emizumab, comprising the implementation of the detection method and analysis method as described above, or a step combining these methods. The present invention also relates to the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab, which comprises the steps of carrying out such a quality control method.
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising emicizumab and Protected disulfide isoform, wherein the proportion of Protected disulfide isoform in antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is kept low.
- the proportion of Protected disulfide isoform in all antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition can be evaluated by various methods including the above-mentioned Protected disulfide isoform detection / analysis method.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be subjected to cation exchange chromatography. It can be represented by the ratio (peak area ratio) of the peak area of Protected disulfide isoform when analyzed by (CEX) or CE-HPLC.
- the proportion of protected disulfide isoform (for example, peak area ratio of CEX) in all antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is preferably 2% or less, for example, 2.0% or less, 1.5% or less, 1.0% or less, or 0.5 % Or less.
- the present invention relates to a method of purifying a composition comprising emicizumab, characterized in that it comprises the steps of Bind & Elute mode of cation exchange chromatography (CEX).
- CEX Bind & Elute mode of cation exchange chromatography
- the present invention also relates to a method of producing a pharmaceutical composition containing emicizumab, which comprises the step of carrying out the purification method.
- the present invention is an isoform of emicizumab (Protected disulfide isoform), which has the same heavy and light chain amino acid sequences as emicizumab, but with Rg (nm) and / or Dmax (more than emicizumab) Disclosed is an isoform having a molecular structure with a small value of nm).
- Such an isoform has a molecular structure in which the distance between the N-terminus of the J chain and the Q chain is shorter than that of emicizumab, and specifically, the average value of Rg measured by the SAXS device is 3% or more relative to emicizumab,
- the average value of Dmax is preferably 4% or more, more preferably 5% or more, more preferably 6% or more, and / or the average value of Dmax is 5% or more, preferably 6% or more, more preferably 7% or more, more preferably 7.5 % Or more smaller.
- the average value of Rg is smaller than that of emicizumab by 0.15 nm or more, preferably 0.2 nm or more, more preferably 0.25 nm or more, more preferably 0.3 nm or more, and / or the average value of Dmax is 0.5 nm or more, preferably 1.0 nm or more, more preferably 1.2 nm or more, more preferably 1.4 nm or more.
- such an isoform has an average value of Rg of 4.9 nm or less, preferably 4.8 nm or less, and / or an average value of Dmax of 17.0 nm or less, preferably 16.5 nm or less. Such values of Rg and Dmax are measured under the following conditions.
- the present invention is an isoform of emicizumab (Protected disulfide isoform), which has the same heavy and light chain amino acid sequences as emicizumab, but from EU numbering position 146 in the Q chain as compared to emicizumab
- the amino acid residue at position 174 152 to 180 from the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 10
- the amino acid residue of EU numbering position 146 to 174 J- 148 to the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 11
- isoforms having molecular structural differences in groups.
- the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising emicizumab and the isoform, wherein the proportion of the isoform in the total antibody molecules in the pharmaceutical composition is 2% or less. Do.
- the antibodies are preferably Is a bispecific antibody, more preferably emicizumab (ACE 910).
- Example 1 Preparation of Recombinant Humanized Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody (Emicizumab Antibody) For Structural Analysis of Emicizumab Isomers (Antibody Variants and Isoforms)
- CHO cells into which the gene encoding emicizumab was incorporated were cultured in a commercially available basal medium (basal medium for animal cell culture) as emicizumab-producing cells.
- the culture conditions were generally performed in an environment suitable for culturing CHO cells.
- Purification of the expressed antibody was performed by a combination of general column chromatography, such as affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography and the like.
- Example 2 Separation of Q-CDR Clipped Variant and Protected Disulfide Isoform (Cation Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography)
- the sample solution diluted with mobile phase A solution (composition described later) is injected into a cation exchange column (ProPac WCX-10, particle diameter 10 micrometers, inner diameter 4.0 mm, length 250 mm), and the acidic mobile phase is injected.
- a cation exchange column ProPac WCX-10, particle diameter 10 micrometers, inner diameter 4.0 mm, length 250 mm
- Example 3 Separation of Protected Disulfide Isoform (IdeS Digestion, Partial Reduction, Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography)
- the sample is diluted with phosphate buffer, digested with IdeS protease and PNGase-F, partially reduced by DTT in Tris buffer without denaturing agent, and then reverse phase high speed sample diluted with TFA solution
- the liquid chromatography was injected and separated.
- the main component of emicizumab is separated on the chromatograph in the state in which the disulfide bond between the heavy chain and the light chain is reduced, but the protected disulfide isoform is detected as a unique peak in the state where the heavy chain is not reduced. It was found that ( Figures 3B and D).
- Example 4 Separation of Protected Disulfide Isoform (IdeS digestion, denaturation, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method) The sample was diluted with buffer, digested with IdeS protease and PNGase-F, and then denatured with denaturing buffer. Thereafter, the sample diluted with the TFA solution was injected into reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for separation. As a result, it was found that the F (ab ′) 2 portion of Protected Disulfide Isoform is separated longer in retention time than the main component of emicizumab (FIGS. 4C and D).
- Example 5 Separation of Protected Disulfide Isoform (IdeS Digestion, Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography) After diluting the sample with buffer and digesting with IdeS protease and PNGase-F, the sample diluted with the TFA solution was separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. As a result, it was found that the F (ab ′) 2 portion of Protected Disulfide Isoform is separated longer in retention time than the main component of emicizumab (FIGS. 4A and B).
- Example 6 Evaluation of Biological Activity of Q-CDR Clipped Variant and Protected Disulfide Isoform Chromogenic assay
- the amount of activated blood coagulation factor X (FXa) produced by reacting phospholipids with emisizumab in the presence of FIXa and FX in the reaction field was quantitatively measured with a specific chromogenic substrate. Specifically, trishydroxymethylaminomethane, sodium chloride, and a solution containing sodium chloride (BSA) (TBSB) were added to the sample to prepare dilutions of emicizumab at various concentrations.
- BSA sodium chloride
- the diluted solution was added to each well of a 96-well microplate, and to each well was added a coagulation factor solution containing FIXa, FX, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, phospholipid and TBSB, shaken, and left for 30 minutes. After that, add ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution to each well and shake it, and Chromogenic substrate solution (N-benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline hydrochloride and its methyl ester) to each well After shaking, it was left for 35 minutes.
- Chromogenic substrate solution N-benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline hydrochloride and its methyl ester
- the absorbance (Abs) at 405 nm of each well was measured using a plate reader.
- the specific activity of the sample relative to the standard solution was determined from the regression curve using the 4-parameter parallel line logistic analysis program from the absorbance obtained from the sample solution of each concentration and the standard solution.
- the Q-CDR Clipped Variant showed a biological activity of 18 ⁇ 1%
- the Protected Disulfide Isoform showed a biological activity of 8 ⁇ 0%.
- Example 7 Evaluation of the influence of culture parameters on the Q-CDR Clipped Variant ratio
- Initial medium A plant-derived hydrolyzate, amino acid and the like were added to a commercially available basal medium, dissolved and then filter-sterilized.
- [Fed medium] Glucose, amino acid and the like were added to a commercially available basal medium, and the solution was sterilized after filtration.
- ⁇ cell ⁇ An emicizumab-producing CHO cell (DXB-11 strain) into which a gene encoding emicizumab was incorporated was used.
- Production medium (-10 to 10% of standard concentration) is added to a 1 L scale cell culture apparatus, and the above CHO cell line is seeded at 2 to 6 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL at a temperature of 36 to 38 ° C.
- the culture was started at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 40% and an initial pH of 7.20.
- Feeding medium (-10 to 10% of the standard concentration) is added at a constant flow rate from 1 to 3 days after the start of culture, and the pH is shifted to 6.70 to 7.10 from 3 days after the start of culture, and cultured for 13 to 15 days did.
- the results are shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
- the Q-CDR Clipped Variant ratio is affected by temperature and pH after shift, and the 36 ° C culture reduces the Q-CDR Clipped Variant ratio in the tested range (Temperature 36-38 ° C, pH 6.70-7.10 after shift) It was possible to reduce the Q-CDR Clipped Variant ratio by culturing at pH 7.10 after shift. In addition, an interaction was observed in the temperature and pH after shift, and the Q-CDR Clipped Variant ratio could be reduced by lowering the pH after shift to 6.70 even under 38 ° C. culture conditions.
- the Q-CDR Clipped Variant could be controlled to 4% or less by controlling the culture temperature to 36-38 ° C. and the pH from the third day after the start of culture to 6.70 to 7.10.
- Example 8 Removal of Q-CDR Clipped Variant by Cation Exchange Chromatography
- the difference in electrostatic properties between the Q-CDR Clipped Variant and the emicizumab antibody was used to establish a method for separating these. Examples are shown below.
- the column was packed with GE Capto SP ImpRes or equivalent as a cation exchange resin, equilibrated, and loaded with an emicizumab antibody solution containing Q-CDR Clipped Variant, and both were adsorbed once. After loading, the plate was washed with phosphate buffer containing sodium chloride, and only the acid side variant containing Q-CDR Clipped Variant was specifically eluted, separated from the emicizumab antibody, and removed.
- Two-dimensional scattering intensity was converted to one-dimensional scattering intensity I (q) using SAXSQuant software (Anton Paar).
- ⁇ is the scattering angle.
- a Guinier plot was performed under the conditions satisfying q ⁇ Rg ⁇ 1.3 to determine the radius of inertia Rg (nm).
- the measurement was carried out three times each with the emicizumab antibody preparation (Main) and the protected disulfide isoform antibody preparation (BiAb3).
- the average value of Rg of Protected Disulfide Isoform is 4.8 nm or less (0.3 nm or more smaller than emicizumab), and the average value of Dmax is 16.5 nm or less (1.4 nm or more smaller than emicizumab), compared to emicizumab,
- the average value of Rg was 6% or more smaller, and the average value of Dmax was 7.5% or smaller.
- Example 10 Analysis of molecular structure of HDX-MS (Hydrogen. Deuterium eXchange Mass Spectrometry) Antibody preparation of each of Emicizumab and Protected Disulfide Isoform (antibody concentration 1 mg / mL, 150 mmol / L arginine, 20 mmol / L histidine -aspartic acid, pH 6.0 prepared, HDX-MS measurement (deuterium exchange) by HDX-MS device (Orbitrap Fusion Lumos (Thermo Fisher Scientific), UltiMate 30000 RS LC nano (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with HDX-PAL (LEAP Technologies)) The measurement was performed at time 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 240 s, 480 s, 960 s, 1920 s and 3840 s.
- the antibody variants and isoforms of the present invention have extremely low FVIII-like activity compared to emicizumab, and the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention containing emicizumab and having a reduced content of these antibody variants and isoforms It is useful as a therapeutic means for diseases.
- the method for analyzing antibody variants and isoforms of the present invention is useful for evaluating the quality of an emicizumab preparation, and the development of an emicizumab preparation having a reduced content of antibody variants and isoforms, antibody variants and isoforms, It is also useful in the development of methods to suppress formation.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕アミノ酸配列SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG(配列番号2)を含む可変領域を有する抗体のバリアントであって、
(a)前記配列のN末端側から12番目の位置(エミシズマブQ鎖のN末端側から61番目の位置:Kabatナンバリング60位)におけるアミノ酸残基R;または
(b)前記配列のN末端側から10~12番目の位置(エミシズマブQ鎖のN末端側から59~61番目の位置:Kabatナンバリング58~60位)におけるアミノ酸残基YYR
が欠損して当該可変領域が当該欠損部位で切断されている、抗体バリアント。
〔2〕前記配列がCDR配列である、〔1〕の抗体バリアント。
〔3〕前記配列がCDR2配列である、〔1〕の抗体バリアント。
〔4〕前記配列が重鎖に含まれる配列である、〔1〕の抗体バリアント。
〔5〕二重特異性(Bi-specific)抗体のバリアントである、〔1〕の抗体バリアント
〔6〕エミシズマブのバリアントである、〔1〕の抗体バリアント。
〔7〕アミノ酸配列SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG(配列番号2)を含む可変領域を有する抗体を含む試料を、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、順相クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、親水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HILIC)、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HIC)、電荷に基づく分離、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)、またはそれらの組み合わせによって分離する工程を含む、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載の抗体バリアントの検出方法。
〔8〕〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかの抗体バリアントを標準品として使用する、〔7〕の検出方法。
〔8-2〕定量分析、定性分析、および構造解析からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の分析を行う工程を含む、〔8〕の検出方法。
〔9〕〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかの抗体バリアントを含む医薬組成物であって、該医薬組成物中の全抗体分子における該抗体バリアントの割合が5%以下である、医薬組成物。
〔10〕抗体がエミシズマブである、〔9〕の医薬組成物。
〔11〕陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー(CEX)による精製を含む精製工程により得られる、〔9〕の医薬組成物。
〔12〕抗体産生細胞をpH7.1以上かつ/または培養温度36℃以下で培養する工程を含む、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかの抗体バリアントの生成を抑制する方法。
〔12-2〕抗体産生細胞の培養条件を、培養の途中で、pH7.1以上かつ/または培養温度36℃以下での培養に変更する、〔12〕の方法。
〔13〕第一の重鎖(Q鎖:配列番号10)および第二の重鎖(J鎖:配列番号11)を含む二重特異性抗体のアイソフォームであって、
(1a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号10のN末端側から150番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号11のN末端側から202番目の位置)のシステインとの間;および
(1b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号10のN末端側から206番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号11のN末端側から146番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
においてジスルフィド結合を形成しているか、あるいは
(2a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号10のN末端側から229番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号11のN末端側から228番目の位置)のシステインとの間;および
(2b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号10のN末端側から232番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号11のN末端側から225番目の位置)のシステインとの間
においてジスルフィド結合を形成している、二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。
〔14〕前記(1a)および(1b)においてジスルフィド結合を形成している、〔13〕の二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。
〔15〕第一の重鎖(Q鎖:配列番号10)および第二の重鎖(J鎖:配列番号11)を含む二重特異性抗体のアイソフォームであって、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーを用いて分離した場合に前記二重特異性抗体よりもアルカリ性側の領域で溶出されることを特徴とする、二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。
〔16〕エミシズマブのアイソフォームである、〔13〕~〔15〕のいずれかの二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。
〔17〕二重特異性抗体含む試料を、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、順相クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、親水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HILIC)、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HIC)、電荷に基づく分離、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)、またはそれらの組み合わせによって分離する工程を含む、〔13〕~〔16〕のいずれか一項に記載の抗体アイソフォームの検出方法。
〔18〕〔13〕~〔16〕のいずれかの二重特異性抗体アイソフォームを標準品として使用する、〔17〕の検出方法。
〔18-2〕定量分析、定性分析、および構造解析からなる群より選択される1つまたは複数の分析を行う工程を含む、〔18〕の検出方法。
〔19〕〔13〕~〔16〕のいずれかの二重特異性抗体アイソフォームを含む医薬組成物であって、該医薬組成物中の全抗体分子における該抗体アイソフォームの割合が2%以下である、医薬組成物。
〔20〕陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによって精製する工程を含む、〔13〕~〔16〕のいずれかの二重特異性抗体アイソフォームの含有率を低減する方法。
〔21〕抗体の生物活性が著しく低下している、〔1〕、〔13〕、または〔15〕の抗体アイソフォーム又はバリアント。
〔22〕それぞれ異なるエピトープを認識する2つの可変領域を有する抗体またはその誘導体のアイソフォームであって、当該抗体またはその誘導体に対し、Rgの平均値が3%以上、好ましくは4%以上、より好ましくは5%以上、より好ましくは6%以上小さく、および/またはDmaxの平均値が5%以上、好ましくは6%以上、より好ましくは7%以上、より好ましくは7.5%以上小さいアイソフォーム。
〔23〕それぞれ異なるエピトープを認識する2つの可変領域を有する抗体またはその誘導体のアイソフォームであって、当該抗体またはその誘導体に対し、Rgの平均値が0.15nm以上、好ましくは 0.2nm以上、より好ましくは0.25nm以上、より好ましくは0.3nm以上小さく、および/またはDmaxの平均値が0.5nm以上、好ましくは1.0nm以上、より好ましくは1.2nm以上、より好ましくは1.4nm以上小さいアイソフォーム。
〔24〕当該抗体またはその誘導体と異なるジスルフィド結合を有する〔22〕または〔23〕のアイソフォーム。
〔25〕当該抗体またはその誘導体がエミシズマブ(第一の重鎖(Q鎖:配列番号10)、第二の重鎖(J鎖:配列番号11)、および第一の重鎖、第二の重鎖のそれぞれと対を形成する共通軽鎖(配列番号12)を含む二重特異性抗体)である〔22〕~〔24〕のいずれかのアイソフォーム。
〔26〕エミシズマブのアイソフォームであって、Rgの平均値が4.9nm以下、好ましくは4.8nm以下であり、および/またはDmaxの平均値が17.0nm以下、好ましくは16.5nm以下であるアイソフォーム。
〔27〕第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号10のN末端側から150番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号11のN末端側から202番目の位置)のシステインとの間および第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号10のN末端側から206番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号11のN末端側から146番目の位置)のシステインとの間でジスルフィド結合を有する〔25〕または〔26〕のアイソフォーム。
〔28〕エミシズマブおよび〔22〕~〔27〕のいずれかのアイソフォームを含む医薬組成物であって、該医薬組成物中の全抗体分子における該アイソフォームの割合が2%以下である、医薬組成物。
〔29〕第一の重鎖(Q鎖:配列番号10)、第二の重鎖(J鎖:配列番号11)、および第一の重鎖、第二の重鎖のそれぞれと対を形成する共通軽鎖(配列番号12)を含む二重特異性抗体(Q499-z121/J327-z119/L404-k; エミシズマブ)のアイソフォームであって、Q鎖におけるEUナンバリング146位から174位(配列番号10のN末端側から152番目から180番目)のアミノ酸残基およびJ鎖におけるEUナンバリング146位から174位(配列番号11のN末端側から148番目から176番目)のアミノ酸残基においてエミシズマブと分子構造上の差異を有するアイソフォーム。
〔30〕当該分子構造上の差異が、HDX-MS測定における重水素交換率(%D)の差として測定される〔29〕に記載のアイソフォーム。
〔31〕エミシズマブおよび〔29〕または〔30〕のアイソフォームを含む医薬組成物であって、該医薬組成物中の全抗体分子における該アイソフォームの割合が2%以下である、医薬組成物。
〔A1〕抗体および/または抗体バリアントもしくはアイソフォームを含む試料を、還元反応、加水分解反応(消化反応)、タンパク質変性反応、またはそれらの組み合わせに供する工程を含む、〔7〕または〔17〕の検出方法。
〔A2〕前記還元反応が、温和な還元条件下(例えば、Tris緩衝液(pH7.0)中のDTTによる37℃での還元)で実施される、〔A1〕の検出方法。
〔A3〕前記加水分解反応が、部位特異的切断酵素(例えば、IdeSプロテアーゼ、Lys-C、パパイン等の配列特異的プロテアーゼ)を用いて実施される、〔A1〕の検出方法。
〔A4〕抗体、抗体バリアントもしくはアイソフォーム、それらの反応産物、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む試料を、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、順相クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、親水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HILIC)、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HIC)、電荷に基づく分離、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)、またはそれらの組み合わせによって分離する工程を含む、〔7〕、〔17〕または〔A1〕~〔A3〕のいずれかの検出方法。
〔A5〕SE-HPLC分析、動的光散乱法(DLS)、SAXS測定、電子顕微鏡測定、3D modeling、SPR評価、HDX MS分析、またはそれらの組み合わせによって分析する工程を含む、〔8〕、〔18〕または〔A1〕~〔A4〕のいずれかの検出方法。
〔A6〕〔7〕、〔8〕、〔17〕、〔18〕または〔A1〕~〔A5〕、またはそれらの方法を組み合わせる工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の品質管理方法。
〔A7〕〔A6〕の方法の工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造方法。
〔A8〕陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー(CEX)のBind & Elute modeの工程を含むことを特徴とする、エミシズマブを含む組成物の精製方法。
〔A9〕〔A8〕の精製方法の工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造方法。
このような抗体は、例えばWO2005/035756、WO2006/109592、WO2012/067176などに記載の方法に従って取得することができる。
エミシズマブ等の抗体および抗体バリアントおよび抗体アイソフォームのFVIII様活性は、例えば、WO2005/035756、WO2006/109592、WO2012/067176等に記載の方法に従って評価することができる。
・エミシズマブに比べて、生物活性(FVIII様活性)が極めて低い;
・欠損しているアミノ酸残基のN末端側の断片とC末端側の断片とがジスルフィド結合によって結合している(図1B)。
・抗体産生細胞の培養時間、培養温度、および培養pHによって生成量が異なる。
(a)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列のN末端側から12番目の位置(エミシズマブのQ鎖のN末端側から61番目の位置、すなわちKabatナンバリング60位)におけるアミノ酸残基R;または
(b)配列番号2のアミノ酸配列のN末端側から10~12番目の位置(エミシズマブのQ鎖のN末端側から59~61番目の位置:Kabatナンバリング58~60位)におけるアミノ酸残基YYR
が欠損して当該可変領域が当該欠損部位で切断されている、抗体バリアントである。
Q-CDR-Clipped Variantは、好ましくは二重特異性(Bi-specific)抗体のバリアントであり、特に好ましくはエミシズマブのバリアントである。
そのような検出方法および分析方法においては、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を有するFab(Q鎖Fab)における欠損部位の有無を指標にして検出および分析することができる。当該欠損部位は、例えば、LCMS分析における、当該欠損に起因する分子量のシフトを指標として検出することができる。また、Q-CDR-Clipped Variantにおいて、欠損しているアミノ酸残基のN末端側の断片とC末端側の断片とはジスルフィド結合によって結合しているため、ジスルフィド結合の還元反応に供した後の試料をCE-HPLC、LCMS、LC-UV等の種々の分析技術を利用して分析することによって、欠損部位の有無に起因する還元パターンの違いを検出することができる。また、NMR測定等による構造解析を利用することもできる。
あるいは、イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによる分離度の違いを指標とすることもでき、例えば陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーにより分離した場合、Q-CDR-Clipped Variantは、エミシズマブの主要ピークと比べて酸性側の領域にて分離される。
別の局面において、本発明は、上記のような検出方法および分析方法のうちの1つまたはそれらの組み合わせを実施することによって、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造および品質管理を行うことができる。したがって、本発明は、上記のような検出方法および分析方法の実施、またはそれらの方法を組み合わせる工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の品質管理方法に関する。また、本発明は、そのような品質管理方法を実施する工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造にも関する。
また、本発明は、Q-CDR-Clipped Variantの含有率が低く抑えられた医薬組成物の製造方法、およびQ-CDR-Clipped Variantの生成を抑制する方法にも関する。Q-CDR-Clipped Variantの生成量は、抗体産生細胞の培養時間を短くする(例えば15日以内、好ましくは13日以内とする)ことによって、あるいは培養温度を低くする(例えば38℃以下、好ましくは37℃以下、さらに好ましくは36℃以下とする)ことによって、および/または、培養pHを高くする(例えば6.7以上、好ましくは6.9以上、さらに好ましくは7.1以上とする)ことによって、低減することができる(図4)。したがって、上記方法は、抗体(例えばエミシズマブ)産生細胞を、従来よりも低い培養温度(例えば約36℃以下)、高いpH(例えば約7.1以上)で一定時間(例えば約15日以内)培養する工程を含むことを特徴とする。一態様において、上記方法は、抗体産生細胞をpH7.1以上かつ/または培養温度36℃以下で培養する工程を含む。特定の態様において、上記方法は、抗体産生細胞の培養条件を、培養の途中(たとえば培養2日目以降)で、pH7.1以上かつ/または培養温度36℃以下での培養条件にシフトすることを特徴とする。
別の局面において、本発明は、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー(CEX)のBind & Elute modeの工程を含むことを特徴とする、エミシズマブを含む組成物の精製方法に関する。また、本発明は、当該精製方法を実施する工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造方法にも関する。
・エミシズマブに比べて、生物活性(FVIII様活性)が極めて低い;
・エミシズマブに比べて、疎水性が強い;
・エミシズマブに比べて、温和な還元条件(部分還元条件)下で重鎖間のジスルフィド結合(図2B)が還元されにくい;
・抗体産生細胞の培養液中の溶存酸素濃度および初期pH、ならびにMTX(methotrexate)添加前の培養時間等の条件(製造パラメータ)に関係なく生成される。
一態様において、Protected disulfide isoformは、抗原であるFIX(a)およびFXと結合することはできるが、生物活性(FVIII様活性)は示さないことを特徴とする。
特定の態様において、Protected disulfide isoformは、エミシズマブと同じ(正常な)ジスルフィド結合を有しているが、Fab部分の構造変化によって通常よりも強い疎水性を有し、重鎖間のジスルフィド結合が通常より還元されにくくなった構造異性体である。
(1a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号10のN末端側から150番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号11のN末端側から202番目の位置)のシステインとの間;および
(1b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号10のN末端側から206番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号11のN末端側から146番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
においてジスルフィド結合を形成しているか、あるいは
(2a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号10のN末端側から229番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号11のN末端側から228番目の位置)のシステインとの間;および
(2b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号10のN末端側から232番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号11のN末端側から225番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
においてジスルフィド結合を形成している、二重特異性抗体アイソフォームである。
(1a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号10のN末端側から150番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号11のN末端側から202番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
(1b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号10のN末端側から206番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号11のN末端側から146番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
(1c)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号10のN末端側から229番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号11のN末端側から225番目の位置)のシステインとの間;および
(1d)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号10のN末端側から232番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号11のN末端側から228番目の位置)のシステインとの間
においてジスルフィド結合を形成しているか、あるいは
(2a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号10のN末端側から229番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号11のN末端側から228番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
(2b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位(配列番号10のN末端側から232番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位(配列番号11のN末端側から225番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
(2c)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号10のN末端側から150番目の位置)のシステインと、第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号10のN末端側から206番目の位置)のシステインとの間;および
(2d)第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位(配列番号11のN末端側から146番目の位置)のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位(配列番号11のN末端側から202番目の位置)のシステインとの間;
においてジスルフィド結合を形成している、二重特異性抗体アイソフォームであり、特に好ましくはエミシズマブのアイソフォームである。
そのような検出方法および分析方法においては、重鎖間ジスルフィド結合領域および/またはFab領域の構造における、Protected disulfide isoformとエミシズマブとの違いを利用して分析することができる。この構造面の違いは、例えば以下に示すような種々の分析手法によって検出することができる。
また、IdeS消化後に、温和な還元条件下(例えばTris緩衝液(pH7.0)中のDTTによる37℃での還元)で還元反応を行った後の試料を逆相カラムにより分析することによって、エミシズマブとProtected disulfide isoformにおけるジスルフィド結合の還元されやすさの違いを反映したピークを検出することができる。
エミシズマブとProtected disulfide isoformは、全てのジスルフィド結合が還元される条件下で還元反応を行った場合は逆相カラムによる分析結果に違いが検出されないが、上記の温和な還元条件下で還元反応を行った場合は逆相カラムによる分析結果において、還元パターンの違いが検出される。特定の理論により限定されることを意図するものではないが、上記の温和な還元条件下では、エミシズマブは、重鎖-軽鎖間のジスルフィド結合も重鎖間のジスルフィド結合も還元されるのに対し、Protected disulfide isoformは、重鎖-軽鎖間のジスルフィド結合のみ還元されて重鎖間のジスルフィド結合は還元されないと考えられる。
上記のような、非変性条件または変性条件における、還元反応、IdeS消化、限定的Lys-C消化の他に、パパイン消化等の種々の分解反応を利用することができる。また、C4カラム等を利用した逆相クロマトグラフィーの他に、SE-HPLC分析、動的光散乱法(DLS)、SAXS測定、電子顕微鏡測定、3D modeling、SPR評価、HDX MS分析等の種々の分析技術を利用することができる。
別の局面において、本発明は、上記のような検出方法および分析方法のうちの1つまたはそれらの組み合わせを実施することによって、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造および品質管理を行うことができる。したがって、本発明は、上記のような検出方法および分析方法の実施、またはそれらの方法を組み合わせる工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の品質管理方法に関する。また、本発明は、そのような品質管理方法を実施する工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造にも関する。
別の局面において、本発明は、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー(CEX)のBind & Elute modeの工程を含むことを特徴とする、エミシズマブを含む組成物の精製方法に関する。また、本発明は、当該精製方法を実施する工程を含む、エミシズマブを含有する医薬組成物の製造方法にも関する。
このようなRg, Dmaxの値は以下の条件下で測定される。
(1)抗体濃度:抗体濃度7.54 mg/mL
(2)溶媒条件:150 mmol/L arginine, 20 mmol/L histidine-aspartic acid, pH6.0
(3)温度:25℃
ここで、Rgの平均値はGuinier plotからRgを測定ごとに計算し、それらを平均することにより算出することが出来る。Dmaxの平均値はp(r)のx切片からDmaxを測定ごとに計算し、それらを平均することにより算出することが出来る。なお、Guinier plot及びp(r)に関する解析方法は、実施例9に記載の通りである。
別の局面において、本発明は、エミシズマブのアイソフォーム(Protected disulfide isoform)であって、エミシズマブと同一の重鎖および軽鎖のアミノ酸配列を有するが、エミシズマブと比べ、Q鎖におけるEUナンバリング146位から174位(配列番号10のN末端側から152番目から180番目)のアミノ酸残基およびJ鎖におけるEUナンバリング146位から174位(配列番号11のN末端側から148番目から176番目)のアミノ酸残基において分子構造上の差異を有するアイソフォームを開示する。このような構造上の違いは、HDX-MS測定における重水素交換率(%D)の差として測定することが可能であり、具体的に、図9Aに示すように、この領域のアミノ酸残基を含むペプチドの重水素交換時間の差として確認することが出来る。
別の局面において、本発明は、エミシズマブおよび該アイソフォームを含む医薬組成物であって、該医薬組成物中の全抗体分子における該アイソフォームの割合が2%以下である、医薬組成物を開示する。
前記、抗体分子、抗体バリアント、抗体アイソフォーム、抗体バリアントまたはアイソフォームを含む医薬組成物、抗体バリアントまたはアイソフォームの分析方法、および抗体バリアントまたはアイソフォームの生成を抑制する方法においては、抗体は好ましくは二重特異性抗体であり、さらに好ましくはエミシズマブ(ACE910)である。
本発明は、以下の実施例によってさらに例示されるが、下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。
エミシズマブの異性体(抗体バリアントおよびアイソフォーム)の構造解析のために、大量のエミシズマブ抗体を次のような方法で製造した。エミシズマブをコードする遺伝子を組み込んだCHO細胞をエミシズマブ産生細胞として市販の基礎培地(動物細胞培養用基礎培地)で培養した。培養条件は、一般にCHO細胞の培養に適した環境で行った。
発現された抗体の精製は、一般的なカラムクロマトグラフィー、例えばアフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、疎水クロマトグラフィーなどの組み合わせによって行った。
分析検体を移動相A液(組成後記)にて希釈した試料溶液をカチオン交換カラム(ProPac WCX-10, 粒子径10 マイクロメートル、内径4.0 mm, 長さ250 mm)に注入し、酸性の移動相(9.6 mmol/L Tris、6.0 mmol/Lピペラジン、11.0 mmol/Lイミダゾール緩衝液を含むpH6.0の移動相A液)及びアルカリ性の移動相(9.6 mmol/L Tris, 6.0 mmol/Lピペラジン、11.0 mmol/Lイミダゾール及び150 mmol/L塩化ナトリウムを含むpH9.9の移動相B液)を用いて液体クロマトグラフィーにより分離を行った(カラム温度:30±5℃、測定波長:280 nm、流量:1.0 mL/min)。その結果、エミシズマブに対応するMainピークに比べてQ-CDR Clipped Variantは酸性側、Protected Disulfide Isoformはアルカリ性側の領域で分離されることが確認された(図1A、図2A)。
検体をリン酸緩衝液で希釈し、IdeS protease及びPNGase-Fにより消化した後、変性剤を含まないTris緩衝液中でDTTにより部分還元を行った後、TFA溶液で希釈したサンプルを逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーに注入し分離を行った。その結果、エミシズマブの主成分は重鎖及び軽鎖間のジスルフィド結合が還元された状態でクロマトグラフ上にて分離されるが、Protected Disulfide Isoformは重鎖間が還元されない状態の特異なピークとして検出されることがわかった(図3BおよびD)。
検体を緩衝液で希釈し、IdeS protease及びPNGase-Fにより消化した後、変性緩衝液にてタンパク質の変性を行った。その後、TFA溶液で希釈したサンプルを逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーに注入し分離を行った。その結果、Protected Disulfide IsoformのF(ab’)2部分はエミシズマブの主成分よりも保持時間が長く分離されることが分かった(図4CおよびD)。
検体を緩衝液で希釈し、IdeS protease及びPNGase-Fにより消化した後、TFA溶液で希釈したサンプルを逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより分離した。その結果、Protected Disulfide IsoformのF(ab’)2部分はエミシズマブの主成分よりも保持時間が長く分離されることが分かった(図4AおよびB)。
Chromogenic assay
リン脂質を反応の場において,FIXaとFX存在下でエミシズマブを反応させることにより生成する活性化血液凝固第X因子(FXa)の生成量を特異的発色基質にて定量測定した。具体的には、サンプルにトリスヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン,塩化ナトリウム,BSAを含む溶液(TBSB)を加えて各種濃度のエミシズマブ希釈液を調製した。希釈液を96穴マイクロプレートの各ウェルにそれぞれ添加し,各ウェルにFIXa, FX,塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、リン脂質及びTBSBを含む凝固因子溶液を加えて振とう後,30分間放置した。その後,各ウェルにエチレンジアミン四酢酸溶液を加えて振とう、更に各ウェルにChromogenic 基質溶液(N-benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline hydrochloride and its methyl ester)を加えて振とう後,35分間放置した。1~2分間振とうした後,プレートリーダーを用いて各ウェルの405 nm における吸光度(Abs)を測定した。各濃度の試料溶液及び標準溶液より得られた吸光度から,4-パラメーター平行線ロジスティック解析プログラムを使用して回帰曲線から標準溶液に対する試料の比活性を求めた。結果、エミシズマブの標準溶液に対して、Q-CDR Clipped Variantは18±1%、Protected Disulfide Isoformは8±0%の生物活性を示した。
本試験では,ヒト第VIII因子欠乏血漿を用いて,内因系凝固活性化機序を反映した系で,フィブリン生成による凝固までの時間を,濁度変化を指標に測定した。具体的には、サンプルにトリスヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン,塩化ナトリウム,BSAを含む溶液を加えて各種濃度のエミシズマブ希釈液を調製した。全自動血液凝固測定装置により第VIII因子欠乏血漿を希釈液に加えインキュベートし、次にAPTT試薬を添加しインキュベート、最後に塩化カルシウム液を添加し凝固時間を測定した。標準物質に対する試料の比活性の算出は,平行線検定法により行った。結果、エミシズマブの標準溶液に対して、Q-CDR Clipped Variantは18±1%、Protected Disulfide Isoformは16±1%の生物活性を示した。
〔初発培地〕
市販の基礎培地に植物由来の加水分解物・アミノ酸等を添加し、溶解後に濾過滅菌した。
〔流加培地〕
市販の基礎培地にグルコース・アミノ酸等を添加し、溶解後に濾過滅菌した。
〔細胞〕
エミシズマブをコードする遺伝子を組み込んだエミシズマブ産生CHO細胞(DXB-11株)を用いた。
1 Lスケールの細胞培養装置に生産培地(標準濃度の-10~10%)を加え、これに上記CHO細胞株を2~6×105 cells/mLとなるよう播種し、温度36~38℃、溶存酸素濃度40%、初期pH 7.20で培養を開始した。培養開始後1-3日目より流加培地(標準濃度の-10~10%)を一定流速で添加し、培養開始後3日目よりpHを6.70-7.10にシフトし、13~15日間培養した。
12個の中心点を含む中心複合計画(6因子:生産培地濃度、流加培地濃度、初発生細胞密度、温度、流加開始のタイミング、シフト後pH)に基づきデザインされた実験計画に従い、全56条件にて培養した。全ての条件に対して、培養13日目、14日目、及び15日目の培養液をサンプリングし(計168サンプル)、遠心(3000 rpm、5分間)上清をProtein A精製後にQ-CDR Clipped Variant比率の測定に使用した。
生細胞数・生存率測定はトリパンブルー染色法により測定した。Q-CDR Clipped Variantは、陽イオンカラム(ProPac WCX-10)を用いたカチオン交換高速液体クロマトグラフィー法により、ピークとして検出した。
結果を図5及び図6に示す。Q-CDR Clipped Variant比率は温度とシフト後pHの影響を受け、試験した範囲(温度36-38℃、シフト後pH 6.70-7.10)では、36℃培養の方がQ-CDR Clipped Variant比率を低減することができ、シフト後pH 7.10で培養した方がQ-CDR Clipped Variant比率を低減することができた。また、温度とシフト後pHには交互作用が見られ、38℃培養条件下でもシフト後pHを6.70と低くすることで、Q-CDR Clipped Variant比率を低減することができた。
培養温度を36-38℃、培養開始後3日目からのpHを6.70-7.10で制御することで、Q-CDR Clipped Variantを4%以下に制御することができた。
Q-CDR Clipped Variantとエミシズマブ抗体との静電的性質の違いを利用し、これらを分離する方法を確立した。以下に実施例を示す。
陽イオン交換樹脂としてGE社製Capto SP ImpResまたは相当品をカラムに充てんし,平衡化後,Q-CDR Clipped Variantを含むエミシズマブ抗体溶液を負荷し,いったんどちらも吸着させた。負荷後,塩化ナトリウムを含むリン酸緩衝液で洗浄し,Q-CDR Clipped Variant含む酸性側のバリアントのみを特異的に溶出させ,エミシズマブ抗体と分離、除去した。除去状況を示すため,この洗浄画分と溶出画分,及び分離前の負荷画分をCE-HPLC分析した(図7)。
負荷,洗浄,及び溶出の条件を以下に示した。
負荷:pH 5.0に調整した,エミシズマブ抗体を含むトリス―塩酸緩衝液を,樹脂1 Lあたり33 gエミシズマブ抗体の条件で負荷した。
洗浄:pH 7.2に調整した,25 mmol/Lの塩化ナトリウムを含むリン酸緩衝液を,室温で3.5 CVカラムに通液した。
溶出:pH 6.5に調整した,100 mmol/Lの塩化ナトリウムを含むリン酸緩衝液を,室温で6.5 CVカラムに通液した。
エミシズマブおよびProtected Disulfide Isoformのそれぞれについて抗体製剤(抗体濃度7.54 mg/mL、150 mmol/L arginine, 20 mmol/L histidine-aspartic acid, pH6.0)を調製した。SAXS測定には、SAXSess mc2 system (Anton Paar, Graz, Austria)のラインコリメーションされたX線(Cu Kα, λ= 0.1542nm)を用いた。測定温度は25°Cとした。検出には2次元イメージングプレートを用いた。X線照射時間は30分とした。2次元の散乱強度はSAXSQuant software (Anton Paar)を用いて1次元の散乱強度I(q)に変換した。ここで、qは散乱ベクトルであり、q=(4π/λ)sin(θ/2)で定義される。θは散乱角である。散乱曲線は、ビームストッパーを透過したq=0における散乱強度で規格化したのち、ブランク(キャピラリーとBuffer)補正と光学系(デスメア)補正を行った。補正後の散乱曲線に対して、q×Rg<1.3を満たす条件下でGuinier plotを行い、慣性半径Rg (nm)を求めた。ただし、小角側で散乱強度の低下が見られる場合は、粒子間反発の寄与を避けるために、そのようなqの領域を除いてGuinier plotを行った。粒子間相互作用がないと仮定する系(構造因子S(q)=1)では、散乱強度I(q)は二体距離分布関数p(r)のフーリエ変換として与えられる。補正後の散乱曲線に対して間接フーリエ変換法(非特許文献9)を適用し、粒子のp(r)を得た。p(r)のx軸切片から最大長Dmax (nm)を得た。なお、測定はエミシズマブ抗体製剤(Main)とProtected Disulfide Isoform抗体製剤(BiAb3)でそれぞれ3回行った。
その結果、Protected Disulfide IsoformのRgの平均値は4.8nm以下(エミシズマブより0.3nm以上小さい値)、Dmaxの平均値は16.5nm以下(エミシズマブよりも1.4nm以上小さい値)であり、エミシズマブに比べ、Rgの平均値で6%以上小さく、Dmaxの平均値で7.5%以上小さい値を示した。エミシズマブと同じサブクラスのIgG4抗体分子のDmaxは、2つのFabドメインの先端の距離に相当することが報告されていることから(非特許文献10)、Protected Disulfide Isoform においては2つのFabドメインの先端の距離が短くなっており、これにより、分子の重心からの広がりを意味するRgも小さい値を示したものと考えられる。以上より、Protected Disulfide Isoform はエミシズマブよりもJ鎖-Q鎖のN末端間の距離が短い分子構造を取ることが確認された(図8)。2種類の抗原間の相互作用を仲介するような二重特異性抗体においては、立体構造上、Fabドメイン間の距離が抗原同士の相互作用に決定的に重要な役割を果たすと想像される。したがって、医薬組成物中の該アイソフォームの割合を制御することは、エミシズマブだけでなく、二重特異性抗体医薬一般において重要である。
エミシズマブおよびProtected Disulfide Isoformのそれぞれについて抗体製剤(抗体濃度1 mg/mL、150 mmol/L arginine, 20 mmol/L histidine-aspartic acid, pH6.0)を調製し、HDX-MS装置(Orbitrap Fusion Lumos (Thermo Fisher Scientific),UltiMate30000RSLCnano(Thermo Fisher Scientific) with HDX-PAL (LEAP Technologies))によるHDX-MS測定(重水素交換時間30 s,60 s, 120 s, 240 s, 480 s, 960 s, 1920 sおよび3840 sの測定)を行った。
その結果、Q鎖におけるEUナンバリング146位から174位(配列番号10のN末端側から152番目から180番目)のアミノ酸残基およびJ鎖におけるEUナンバリング146位から174位(配列番号11のN末端側から148番目から176番目)のアミノ酸残基を含むペプチドにて,HDX-MS測定における重水交換率(D%)の差が顕著であった。この結果から、Protected Disulfide Isoformはエミシズマブと比較して,当該領域の構造が変化していることが確認された(図9)。
Claims (21)
- アミノ酸配列SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG(配列番号2)を含む可変領域を有する抗体のバリアントであって、
(a)前記配列のN末端側から12番目の位置におけるアミノ酸残基R;または
(b)前記配列のN末端側から10~12番目の位置におけるアミノ酸残基YYR
が欠損して当該可変領域が当該欠損部位で切断されている、抗体バリアント。 - 前記配列がCDR配列である、請求項1に記載の抗体バリアント。
- 前記配列がCDR2配列である、請求項1に記載の抗体バリアント。
- 前記配列が重鎖に含まれる配列である、請求項1に記載の抗体バリアント。
- 二重特異性(Bi-specific)抗体のバリアントである、請求項1に記載の抗体バリアント
- エミシズマブのバリアントである、請求項1に記載の抗体バリアント。
- アミノ酸配列SISPSGQSTYYRREVKG(配列番号2)を含む可変領域を有する抗体を含む試料を、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、順相クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、親水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HILIC)、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HIC)、電荷に基づく分離、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)、またはそれらの組み合わせによって分離する工程を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体バリアントの検出方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体バリアントを標準品として使用する、請求項7に記載の検出方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体バリアントを含む医薬組成物であって、該医薬組成物中の全抗体分子における該抗体バリアントの割合が5%以下である、医薬組成物。
- 抗体がエミシズマブである、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィー(CEX)による精製を含む精製工程により得られる、請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 抗体産生細胞をpH7.1以上かつ/または培養温度36℃以下で培養する工程を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の抗体バリアントの生成を抑制する方法。
- 第一の重鎖および第二の重鎖を含む二重特異性抗体のアイソフォームであって、
(1a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位のシステインとの間;および
(1b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング200位のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング144位のシステインとの間;
においてジスルフィド結合を形成しているか、あるいは
(2a)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位のシステインとの間;および
(2b)第一の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング229位のシステインと、第二の重鎖におけるEUナンバリング226位のシステインとの間
においてジスルフィド結合を形成している、二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。 - 前記(1a)および(1b)においてジスルフィド結合を形成している、請求項13に記載の二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。
- 第一の重鎖および第二の重鎖を含む二重特異性抗体のアイソフォームであって、陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーを用いて分離した場合に前記二重特異性抗体よりもアルカリ性側の領域で溶出されることを特徴とする、二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。
- エミシズマブのアイソフォームである、請求項13~15のいずれか一項に記載の二重特異性抗体アイソフォーム。
- 二重特異性抗体含む試料を、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、順相クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、親水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HILIC)、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HIC)、電荷に基づく分離、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)、またはそれらの組み合わせによって分離する工程を含む、請求項13~16のいずれか一項に記載の抗体アイソフォームの検出方法。
- 請求項13~16のいずれか一項に記載の抗体アイソフォームを標準品として使用する、請求項17に記載の検出方法。
- 請求項13~16のいずれか一項に記載の二重特異性抗体アイソフォームを含む医薬組成物であって、該医薬組成物中の全抗体分子における該抗体アイソフォームの割合が2%以下である、医薬組成物。
- 陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによって精製する工程を含む、請求項13~16のいずれか一項に記載の二重特異性抗体アイソフォームの含有率を低減する方法。
- 抗体の生物活性が著しく低下している、請求項1、13、または15に記載の抗体アイソフォーム又はバリアント。
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| CR20240273A CR20240273A (es) | 2017-11-01 | 2018-10-31 | Variantes e isoformas de anticuerpos con actividad biológica reducida (divisional 2020-229) |
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| CN202411351294.2A CN119161488A (zh) | 2017-11-01 | 2018-10-31 | 具有降低的生物活性的抗体变体和同种型 |
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| JP7320943B2 (ja) | 2016-04-28 | 2023-08-04 | 中外製薬株式会社 | 抗体含有製剤 |
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| WO2018181870A1 (ja) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 公立大学法人奈良県立医科大学 | 血液凝固第viii因子の機能を代替する多重特異性抗原結合分子を含有する、血液凝固第ix因子異常症の予防および/または治療に用いられる医薬組成物 |
| EA202090641A1 (ru) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-07 | Чугаи Сейяку Кабусики Кайся | Мультиспецифическая антиген-связывающая молекула, обладающая замещающей функциональной активностью кофактора коагулирующего фактора крови viii, и фармацевтическая композиция, содержащая указанную молекулу в качестве активного ингредиента |
| TW202207984A (zh) | 2019-10-11 | 2022-03-01 | 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 | 用於後天性血友病a之預防及/或治療之醫藥組成物、及包含該醫藥組成物之製品 |
| KR20220082000A (ko) | 2019-10-11 | 2022-06-16 | 추가이 세이야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 후천성 혈우병 a의 예방 및/또는 치료에 이용되는 의약 조성물, 및 당해 의약 조성물을 포함하는 제품 |
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| CR20240273A (es) | 2024-08-27 |
| IL274265A (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| JP7777114B2 (ja) | 2025-11-27 |
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| EP3705496A4 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
| CR20200229A (es) | 2020-07-12 |
| SG11202003833TA (en) | 2020-05-28 |
| BR112020008393A2 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
| IL274265B1 (en) | 2025-09-01 |
| KR20200074209A (ko) | 2020-06-24 |
| TW201930352A (zh) | 2019-08-01 |
| JP2024037761A (ja) | 2024-03-19 |
| US12421322B2 (en) | 2025-09-23 |
| MA50534A (fr) | 2020-09-09 |
| CN111479829A (zh) | 2020-07-31 |
| EP3705496A1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
| RU2020117440A (ru) | 2021-12-01 |
| CL2020001113A1 (es) | 2020-11-20 |
| US20200283544A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
| CA3079053A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
| SA520411871B1 (ar) | 2023-12-19 |
| RU2020117440A3 (ja) | 2022-04-01 |
| AU2018361430A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
| AR113816A1 (es) | 2020-06-17 |
| CN119161488A (zh) | 2024-12-20 |
| CN111479829B (zh) | 2024-10-22 |
| AU2018361430B2 (en) | 2025-08-14 |
| PE20210553A1 (es) | 2021-03-17 |
| JPWO2019088143A1 (ja) | 2020-11-12 |
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