WO2018105481A1 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018105481A1 WO2018105481A1 PCT/JP2017/043044 JP2017043044W WO2018105481A1 WO 2018105481 A1 WO2018105481 A1 WO 2018105481A1 JP 2017043044 W JP2017043044 W JP 2017043044W WO 2018105481 A1 WO2018105481 A1 WO 2018105481A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium composite oxide is used as a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- Lithium secondary batteries have already been put into practical use not only for small power sources for mobile phones and notebook computers, but also for medium and large power sources for automobiles and power storage.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique of adding an alkaline solution in which a tungsten compound is dissolved after primary firing of a lithium composite metal compound.
- Patent Document 2 describes a method of dry-adding tungsten oxide to a precursor of a lithium composite metal compound.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method of preparing a slurry solution containing a precursor of a lithium composite metal compound and tungsten oxide and spray drying the slurry solution.
- the present invention includes the following [1] to [6].
- [1] A method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery containing a lithium composite metal compound, comprising heating a composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, and an alkaline solution in which a tungsten compound is dissolved Spraying the composite metal compound powder to produce a mixed powder by mixing the composite metal compound powder and the tungsten compound, and then cooling the mixed powder; and a lithium salt; And a step of mixing the mixed powder and firing to produce a lithium composite metal compound, and a method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to the present embodiment includes heating a composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese, and converting the alkaline solution in which the tungsten compound is dissolved into the composite metal compound powder. Spraying and mixing the composite metal compound powder and the tungsten compound to produce a mixed powder, and thereafter cooling the mixed powder; a lithium salt; and the mixture powder. Mixing and firing to produce a lithium composite metal compound.
- a metal other than lithium that is, an essential metal composed of Ni, Co, and Mn, and Fe, Cr, Cu, Ti, B, Mg, Al , W, Mo, Nb, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga, and V
- a composite metal compound containing any one or more arbitrary metals and to fire the composite metal compound with an appropriate lithium salt .
- the composite metal compound is preferably a composite metal hydroxide or a composite metal oxide.
- the manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries of this embodiment is equipped with the manufacturing process of the composite metal compound which has the said spray mixing process, and the manufacturing process of lithium metal complex oxide.
- each process of the manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries of this embodiment is demonstrated.
- the manufacturing process of the composite metal compound includes metals other than lithium, that is, essential metals composed of Ni, Co, and Mn, and Fe, Cr, Cu, Ti, B, Mg, Al, W, Mo, Nb, Zn , Sn, Zr, Ga and V, a step of preparing a composite metal compound containing any one or more arbitrary metals.
- the composite metal compound can be produced by a generally known batch coprecipitation method or continuous coprecipitation method.
- the manufacturing method will be described in detail by taking a composite metal hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt and manganese as an example.
- a nickel salt solution, a cobalt salt solution, a manganese salt solution, and a complexing agent are reacted by a coprecipitation method, in particular, a continuous method described in JP-A-2002-201028, and Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2
- a composite metal hydroxide represented by the formula (where x + y + z 1) is produced.
- nickel salt which is the solute of the said nickel salt solution For example, any one of nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, and nickel acetate can be used.
- cobalt salt that is a solute of the cobalt salt solution for example, any one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, and cobalt chloride can be used.
- manganese salt that is a solute of the manganese salt solution for example, any one of manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, and manganese chloride can be used.
- the above metal salt is used in a proportion corresponding to the composition ratio of Ni x Co y Mn z (OH) 2 . That is, the amount of each metal salt is defined so that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, and manganese in the mixed solution containing the metal salt is x: y: z.
- water is used as a solvent.
- the complexing agent is capable of forming a complex with nickel, cobalt, and manganese ions in an aqueous solution.
- an ammonium ion supplier (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium fluoride, etc.), hydrazine, Examples include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, uracil diacetic acid, and glycine.
- the complexing agent may not be contained.
- the amount of the complexing agent contained in the mixed solution containing the nickel salt solution, the cobalt salt solution, the manganese salt solution and the complexing agent is, for example, The molar ratio with respect to the total number of moles of the metal salt is greater than 0 and 2.0 or less.
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- the temperature of the reaction vessel is controlled within a range of, for example, 20 ° C. to 80 ° C., preferably 30 to 70 ° C.
- the pH value in the reaction vessel is controlled, for example, within the range of pH 9 to pH 13, preferably pH 11-13.
- the substance in the reaction vessel is appropriately stirred.
- the inside of the reaction tank may be an inert atmosphere.
- the inert atmosphere When the inert atmosphere is used, it is possible to suppress aggregation of elements that are more easily oxidized than nickel and to obtain a uniform composite metal hydroxide.
- the inside of the reaction vessel may be in an appropriate oxygen-containing atmosphere or in the presence of an oxidizing agent while maintaining an inert atmosphere.
- an oxidizing agent By moderately oxidizing the transition metal, the form of the composite metal hydroxide is controlled, and the size and dispersion of the voids inside the secondary particles in the positive electrode material produced using the composite metal hydroxide are controlled. It becomes possible.
- the oxygen and the oxidizing agent in the oxygen-containing gas need only have sufficient oxygen atoms to oxidize the transition metal.
- an inert atmosphere in the reaction tank can be maintained.
- an oxygen-containing gas may be introduced into the reaction tank.
- the oxygen concentration (volume%) with respect to the volume of the oxygen-containing gas in the oxygen-containing gas is preferably 1 or more and 15 or less.
- an oxygen-containing gas may be bubbled.
- the oxygen-containing gas include oxygen gas, air, or a mixed gas of these and an oxygen-free gas such as nitrogen gas. From the viewpoint of easy adjustment of the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-containing gas, a mixed gas is preferable among the above.
- an oxidizing agent may be added to the reaction vessel.
- the oxidizing agent include hydrogen peroxide, chlorate, hypochlorite, perchlorate, and permanganate. Hydrogen peroxide is preferably used from the viewpoint of hardly bringing impurities into the reaction system.
- nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide is manufactured, but nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide may be prepared.
- a step of bringing the coprecipitate slurry into contact with an oxidizing agent or a step of heat treating the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide may be performed.
- the BET specific surface area of the obtained composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese is preferably 15 to 90 m 2 / g, and the average particle size is preferably 2.0 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the BET specific surface area was determined by drying 1 g of a composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese in a nitrogen atmosphere at 105 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then a BET specific surface area meter (Macsorb (registered trademark) manufactured by Mountec). It is the value measured using.
- the average particle diameter is a value measured by the following method.
- a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer LA-950, manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.
- 0.1 g of a composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese was put into 50 ml of a 0.2 mass% sodium hexametaphosphate aqueous solution, A dispersion in which the powder is dispersed is obtained.
- the particle size distribution of the obtained dispersion is measured to obtain a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution curve.
- the value of the particle diameter (D 50 ) viewed from the fine particle side when 50% is accumulated is defined as the average particle diameter of the composite metal compound containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese.
- the composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese obtained in the above process is heated, and an alkali solution in which a tungsten compound is dissolved is sprayed on the composite metal compound powder, and the composite metal is sprayed.
- a compound powder and a tungsten compound are mixed to produce a mixed powder. Thereafter, the mixed powder is cooled.
- the tungsten compound is dissolved in an alkaline solution.
- the dissolution method is not particularly limited, and for example, a tungsten compound may be added and dissolved while stirring the solution using a reaction vessel equipped with a stirring device. From the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of tungsten-derived foreign matter, the tungsten compound is preferably completely dissolved in an alkaline solution and uniformly dispersed.
- the foreign substance derived from tungsten in this specification is an aggregate of tungsten produced by segregation of the tungsten compound when the tungsten compound is added to the composite metal compound.
- the concentration of the tungsten compound in the alkaline solution is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 2.0 to 6.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the alkaline solution. If the concentration of the tungsten compound is 15% by mass or more, the tungsten compound may be left undissolved. When the concentration of the tungsten compound is 15% by mass or less, the tungsten compound can be completely dissolved in the alkaline solution and uniformly dispersed.
- the composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese obtained in the above step is heated, and an alkaline solution in which a tungsten compound is dissolved is sprayed on the composite metal compound powder, and the nickel, cobalt, and manganese are added.
- the mixed metal compound powder and the tungsten compound are mixed to produce a mixed powder. That is, while heating and stirring the composite metal compound powder containing nickel, cobalt, and manganese obtained in the above step, an alkaline solution in which a tungsten compound is dissolved is sprayed on the composite metal compound powder, and the nickel, cobalt, and A mixed powder is produced by mixing a composite metal compound powder containing manganese and a tungsten compound.
- the composite metal compound powder is preferably heated to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the solvent of the alkaline solution evaporates.
- the temperature at which the composite metal compound powder is heated is appropriately set according to the boiling point of the solvent of the alkaline solution contained in the alkaline solution and the spraying conditions of the alkaline solution.
- the lower limit of the temperature of the composite metal compound powder is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 105 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the temperature of a composite metal compound powder is not specifically limited, For example, 150 degrees C or less, 130 degrees C or less, 120 degrees C or less is mentioned.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the temperature of the composite metal compound powder is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 105 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower.
- an alkaline solution in which a tungsten compound is dissolved is sprayed on the heated composite metal compound powder to mix the composite metal compound and the tungsten compound.
- the supply amount (L / min) at the time of spraying the alkaline solution, the discharge pressure (MPa), the nozzle diameter of the nozzle that discharges the alkaline solution, and the like are appropriately set depending on the specifications of the heating spray device used.
- the supply amount during spraying of the alkaline solution is 1.0 to 3.0 L / h
- the discharge pressure is 0.05 MPa to 1.0 MPa
- the nozzle diameter is 30 to 200 ⁇ m, and about 10 to 600 minutes.
- Spray mixing is preferred.
- the temperature of the alkaline solution in the spraying process is preferably 20 to 90 ° C.
- the tungsten compound used in the spray mixing step is not particularly limited as long as it is soluble in an alkaline solution, and tungsten oxide, ammonium tungstate, sodium tungstate, and lithium tungstate can be used. In the present embodiment, it is particularly preferable to use tungsten oxide.
- the above tungsten compound is dissolved in an alkaline solution and used.
- an alkaline solute used in the alkaline solution ammonia or lithium hydroxide can be used.
- the solvent used in the alkaline solution may be any liquid that dissolves the solute, and includes water.
- the mixed powder is cooled to about room temperature (for example, 25 ° C.).
- a composite metal compound that is a precursor of a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery is heated, and an alkali solution in which a tungsten compound is dissolved is spray mixed.
- the alkaline solution adheres to the surface of the composite metal compound, and at the same time, the solvent of the alkaline solution evaporates instantly and can be mixed with the composite metal compound without aggregation of tungsten particles. For this reason, the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries in which the generation of foreign substances derived from tungsten is suppressed can be produced.
- a mixed powder of the composite metal compound and the tungsten compound (hereinafter referred to as “mixed powder”) is mixed with a lithium salt.
- a lithium salt any one of lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide hydrate, lithium oxide, or a mixture of two or more can be used.
- the lithium salt and the mixed powder are used in consideration of the composition ratio of the final target product.
- the amount of lithium charged (added amount) is the total amount of lithium in the lithium hydroxide used in the spray mixing step and the lithium salt.
- the lithium salt and the mixed powder have a molar ratio (Li / Me) of lithium in the lithium compound to all transition metal elements (Me) in the mixed powder containing nickel exceeding 1. May be mixed.
- a lithium-tungsten-nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is obtained by firing a mixture of a lithium salt and the mixed powder.
- dry air, an oxygen atmosphere, an inert atmosphere, or the like is used according to a desired composition, and a plurality of heating steps are performed if necessary.
- a calcination temperature of the said mixed powder and lithium compounds such as lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate
- it is 600 degreeC or more and 1100 degrees C or less, and it is 750 degreeC or more and 1050 degrees C or less. More preferably, it is 800 ° C. or higher and 1025 ° C. or lower.
- Calcination time is preferably 3 hours to 50 hours.
- the battery performance tends to be substantially inferior due to volatilization of lithium. That is, when the firing time is 50 hours or less, lithium can be prevented from volatilizing.
- the firing time is less than 3 hours, the crystal growth is poor and the battery performance tends to be poor. That is, when the firing time is 3 hours or more, the crystal development is good and the battery performance is good.
- it is also effective to perform temporary baking before the above baking.
- the temperature for such preliminary firing is preferably in the range of 300 to 850 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- the time from the start of temperature rise to the firing temperature is preferably 0.5 hours or more and 20 hours or less.
- a more uniform lithium-tungsten-nickelcobalt-manganese composite oxide can be obtained when the time from the start of temperature rise to the firing temperature is within this range.
- it is preferable that the time from reaching the firing temperature to the end of the temperature holding is 0.5 hours or more and 20 hours or less. When the time from reaching the firing temperature to the end of the temperature holding is within this range, the development of crystals progresses better, and the battery performance can be further improved.
- the lithium metal composite oxide obtained by firing is appropriately classified after pulverization, and is used as a positive electrode active material applicable to a lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries to be produced contains a compound represented by the following composition formula (I).
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery produced is composed of only the lithium composite metal compound represented by the composition formula (I), it is represented by M in the composition formula (I). Of these metals, W (tungsten) must be included.
- the produced positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery is a lithium composite metal compound represented by the above composition formula (I), and the metal represented by M in the composition formula (I) Among these, when the lithium composite metal compound not containing W (tungsten) is included, the lithium composite metal compound represented by the composition formula (I) and the tungsten compound are included.
- the tungsten content contained in the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery is preferably 0.01 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of the transition metal, 0.1 mol% It is more preferably 0.9 mol% or less and particularly preferably 0.2 mol% or more and 0.8 mol% or less.
- the tungsten content contained in the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery is 0.01 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less, a reduction in battery resistance is expected.
- x in the composition formula (I) is preferably more than 0, more preferably 0.01 or more, and 0.02 or more. More preferably. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having higher initial Coulomb efficiency, x in the composition formula (I) is preferably 0.1 or less, and more preferably 0.08 or less. More preferably, it is 0.06 or less.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value of x can be arbitrarily combined. For example, x exceeds 0 and is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.01 or more and 0.08 or less, and further preferably 0.02 or more and 0.06 or less.
- “high cycle characteristics” means that the discharge capacity retention ratio is high.
- y in the composition formula (I) is preferably 0.10 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more, and 0 More preferably, it is 30 or more. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having high thermal stability, y in the composition formula (I) is preferably 0.49 or less, and more preferably 0.48 or less. More preferably, it is 0.47 or less. The upper limit value and the lower limit value of y can be arbitrarily combined. For example, y is preferably 0.10 or more and 0.49 or less, more preferably 0.20 or more and 0.48 or less, and further preferably 0.30 or more and 0.47 or less.
- z in the composition formula (I) is preferably 0.05 or more, and preferably 0.10 or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.20 or more. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having a high discharge capacity, z in the composition formula (I) is preferably 0.35 or less, more preferably 0.30 or less, and 0 More preferably, it is .25 or less.
- the upper limit value and lower limit value of z can be arbitrarily combined. For example, z is preferably 0.05 or more and 0.35 or less, more preferably 0.10 or more and 0.30 or less, and further preferably 0.20 or more and 0.25 or less.
- w in the composition formula (I) is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.03 or more, and 0 More preferably, it is 0.05 or more. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having high storage characteristics at a high temperature (for example, in an environment of 60 ° C.), w in the composition formula (I) is preferably 0.09 or less. It is more preferably 08 or less, and further preferably 0.07 or less. The upper limit value and the lower limit value of w can be arbitrarily combined. For example, w is preferably 0.01 or more and 0.09 or less, more preferably 0.03 or more and 0.08 or less, and further preferably 0.05 or more and 0.07 or less.
- M in the composition formula (I) represents one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cu, Ti, Mg, Al, W, B, Mo, Nb, Zn, Sn, Zr, Ga, and V. .
- M in the composition formula (I) is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ti, B, Mg, Al, W, and Zr. From the viewpoint of obtaining a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery having high thermal stability, it is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of B, Al, W, and Zr. It is preferable.
- the BET specific surface area (m 2 / g) of the positive electrode active material is 0.1 m 2 / g or more. Is preferably 0.5 m 2 / g or more, and more preferably 1.0 m 2 / g or more. Further, from the viewpoint of reducing the hygroscopicity of the positive electrode active material, the BET specific surface area (m 2 / g) of the positive electrode active material is preferably 4.0 m 2 / g or less, preferably 3.8 m 2 / g or less.
- the BET specific surface area (m 2 / g) of the positive electrode active material can be arbitrarily combined.
- the BET specific surface area (m 2 / g) is preferably 0.1 m 2 / g or more and 4.0 m 2 / g or less, and is 0.5 m 2 / g or more and 3.8 m 2 / g or less. Is more preferably 1.05 m 2 / g or more and 2.6 m 2 / g or less.
- the BET specific surface area in the present embodiment is measured using a Macsorb (registered trademark) manufactured by Mountec Co., Ltd. after drying 1 g of the positive electrode active material powder in a nitrogen atmosphere at 105 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material is a layered structure, and more preferably a hexagonal crystal structure or a monoclinic crystal structure.
- the hexagonal crystal structures are P3, P3 1 , P3 2 , R3, P-3, R-3, P312, P321, P3 1 12, P3 1 21, P3 2 12, P3 2 21, R32, P3m1, P31m, P3c1, P31c, R3m, R3c, P-31m, P-31c, P-3m1, P-3c1, R-3m, R-3c, P6, P6 1 , P6 5 , P6 2 , P6 4 , P6 3 , P-6, P6 / m, P6 3 / m, P622, P6 1 22, P6 5 22, P6 2 22, P6 4 22, P6 3 22, P6 mm, P6 cc, P6 3 cm, P6 3 mc, P- It belongs to any one space group selected from the group consisting of 6m2, P-6c2, P-62m, P-62c, P6 / mmm, P6 / mcc, P6 3 / mcm, P-
- Monoclinic crystal structures are P2, P2 1 , C2, Pm, Pc, Cm, Cc, P2 / m, P2 1 / m, C2 / m, P2 / c, P2 1 / c, and C2. It belongs to any one space group selected from the group consisting of / c.
- the crystal structure is a hexagonal crystal structure belonging to the space group R-3m or a single crystal belonging to C2 / m. Particularly preferred is an oblique crystal structure.
- Lithium secondary battery> a positive electrode using the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment as a positive electrode active material of the lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery having the positive electrode explain.
- An example of the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a separator sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic views showing an example of a lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment.
- the cylindrical lithium secondary battery 10 of this embodiment is manufactured as follows.
- a pair of separators 1 having a strip shape, a strip-like positive electrode 2 having a positive electrode lead 21 at one end, and a strip-like negative electrode 3 having a negative electrode lead 31 at one end, a separator 1, a positive electrode 2, and a separator 1 and negative electrode 3 are laminated in this order and wound to form electrode group 4.
- the lithium secondary battery 10 can be manufactured by sealing the upper part of the battery can 5 with the top insulator 7 and the sealing body 8.
- a columnar shape in which the cross-sectional shape when the electrode group 4 is cut in a direction perpendicular to the winding axis is a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, or a rectangle with rounded corners. Can be mentioned.
- a shape of the lithium secondary battery having such an electrode group 4 a shape defined by IEC 60086 or JIS C 8500 which is a standard for a battery defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) can be adopted. .
- IEC 60086 or JIS C 8500 which is a standard for a battery defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- cylindrical shape, square shape, etc. can be mentioned.
- the lithium secondary battery is not limited to the above-described wound type configuration, and may have a stacked type configuration in which a stacked structure of a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and a separator is repeatedly stacked.
- Examples of the stacked lithium secondary battery include so-called coin-type batteries, button-type batteries, and paper-type (or sheet-type) batteries.
- the positive electrode of this embodiment can be manufactured by first adjusting a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material and a binder, and supporting the positive electrode mixture on a positive electrode current collector.
- a carbon material As the conductive material included in the positive electrode of the present embodiment, a carbon material can be used.
- the carbon material include graphite powder, carbon black (for example, acetylene black), and a fibrous carbon material. Since carbon black is fine and has a large surface area, by adding a small amount to the positive electrode mixture, the conductivity inside the positive electrode can be improved and the charge / discharge efficiency and output characteristics can be improved. Both the binding force between the positive electrode mixture and the positive electrode current collector and the binding force inside the positive electrode mixture are reduced, which causes an increase in internal resistance.
- the proportion of the conductive material in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- a fibrous carbon material such as graphitized carbon fiber or carbon nanotube is used as the conductive material, this ratio can be lowered.
- thermoplastic resin As the binder included in the positive electrode of the present embodiment, a thermoplastic resin can be used. This thermoplastic resin is sometimes referred to as polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as PVdF). ), Polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene / vinylidene fluoride copolymer, propylene hexafluoride / vinylidene fluoride copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene Fluorine resins such as fluorinated ethylene / perfluorovinyl ether copolymers; Polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
- PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene / vinylidene fluoride cop
- thermoplastic resins may be used as a mixture of two or more.
- a fluororesin and a polyolefin resin as a binder, the ratio of the fluororesin to the total mass of the positive electrode mixture is 1% by mass to 10% by mass, and the ratio of the polyolefin resin is 0.1% by mass to 2% by mass
- a positive electrode mixture having both high adhesion to the positive electrode current collector and high bonding strength inside the positive electrode mixture can be obtained.
- a band-shaped member made of a metal material such as Al, Ni, and stainless steel can be used as the positive electrode current collector included in the positive electrode of the present embodiment.
- a material that is made of Al and formed into a thin film is preferable because it is easy to process and inexpensive.
- Examples of the method of supporting the positive electrode mixture on the positive electrode current collector include a method of pressure-molding the positive electrode mixture on the positive electrode current collector. Also, the positive electrode mixture is made into a paste using an organic solvent, and the resulting positive electrode mixture paste is applied to at least one surface side of the positive electrode current collector, dried, pressed and fixed, whereby the positive electrode current collector is bonded to the positive electrode current collector. A mixture may be supported.
- usable organic solvents include amine solvents such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine and diethylenetriamine; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran; ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone; methyl acetate And amide solvents such as dimethylacetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter sometimes referred to as NMP).
- amine solvents such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine and diethylenetriamine
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran
- ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone
- amide solvents such as dimethylacetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter sometimes referred to as NMP).
- Examples of the method of applying the positive electrode mixture paste to the positive electrode current collector include a slit die coating method, a screen coating method, a curtain coating method, a knife coating method, a gravure coating method, and an electrostatic spray method.
- a positive electrode can be manufactured by the method mentioned above.
- the negative electrode included in the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment is only required to be able to dope and dedope lithium ions at a lower potential than the positive electrode, and the negative electrode mixture containing the negative electrode active material is supported on the negative electrode current collector. And an electrode composed of the negative electrode active material alone.
- Negative electrode active material examples of the negative electrode active material possessed by the negative electrode include carbon materials, chalcogen compounds (oxides, sulfides, etc.), nitrides, metals, and alloys that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions at a lower potential than the positive electrode. It is done.
- Examples of carbon materials that can be used as the negative electrode active material include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, cokes, carbon black, pyrolytic carbons, carbon fibers, and organic polymer compound fired bodies.
- the oxide can be used as an anode active material, (wherein, x represents a positive real number) SiO 2, SiO, etc. formula SiO x oxides of silicon represented by; TiO 2, TiO, etc. formula TiO x (wherein , X is a positive real number); oxide of titanium represented by formula VO x (where x is a positive real number) such as V 2 O 5 and VO 2 ; Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, etc. Iron oxide represented by the formula FeO x (where x is a positive real number); SnO 2 , SnO, etc.
- Examples of sulfides that can be used as the negative electrode active material include titanium sulfides represented by the formula TiS x (where x is a positive real number) such as Ti 2 S 3 , TiS 2 , and TiS; V 3 S 4 , VS 2, VS and other vanadium sulfides represented by the formula VS x (where x is a positive real number); Fe 3 S 4 , FeS 2 , FeS and other formulas FeS x (where x is a positive real number) Iron sulfide represented; Mo 2 S 3 , MoS 2 and the like MoS x (where x is a positive real number) Molybdenum sulfide; SnS 2, SnS and other formula SnS x (where, a sulfide of tin represented by x is a positive real number; a sulfide of tungsten represented by a formula WS x (where x is a positive real number) such as WS 2
- Examples of the nitride that can be used as the negative electrode active material include Li 3 N and Li 3-x A x N (where A is one or both of Ni and Co, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3). And lithium-containing nitrides.
- These carbon materials, oxides, sulfides and nitrides may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These carbon materials, oxides, sulfides and nitrides may be crystalline or amorphous.
- examples of the metal that can be used as the negative electrode active material include lithium metal, silicon metal, and tin metal.
- Alloys that can be used as the negative electrode active material include lithium alloys such as Li—Al, Li—Ni, Li—Si, Li—Sn, and Li—Sn—Ni; silicon alloys such as Si—Zn; Sn—Mn, Sn -Tin alloys such as Co, Sn-Ni, Sn-Cu, Sn-La; alloys such as Cu 2 Sb, La 3 Ni 2 Sn 7 ;
- These metals and alloys are mainly used alone as electrodes after being processed into a foil shape, for example.
- carbon materials containing graphite as a main component such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, are preferably used.
- the shape of the carbon material may be any of a flake shape such as natural graphite, a spherical shape such as mesocarbon microbeads, a fibrous shape such as graphitized carbon fiber, or an aggregate of fine powder.
- the negative electrode mixture may contain a binder as necessary.
- the binder include thermoplastic resins, and specific examples include PVdF, thermoplastic polyimide, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- the negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode examples include a band-shaped member made of a metal material such as Cu, Ni, and stainless steel. In particular, it is preferable to use Cu as a forming material and process it into a thin film from the viewpoint that it is difficult to make an alloy with lithium and it is easy to process.
- Examples of the separator included in the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment include a porous film, a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, and the like made of a material such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, a fluororesin, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer. A material having the following can be used. Moreover, a separator may be formed by using two or more of these materials, or a separator may be formed by laminating these materials.
- the separator allows the electrolyte to permeate well when the battery is used (during charging / discharging). Therefore, the air resistance according to the Gurley method defined in JIS P 8117 is 50 seconds / 100 cc or more, 300 seconds / 100 cc. Or less, more preferably 50 seconds / 100 cc or more and 200 seconds / 100 cc or less.
- the porosity of the separator is preferably 30% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or more and 70% by volume or less with respect to the volume of the separator.
- the separator may be a laminate of separators having different porosity.
- the electrolyte solution included in the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment contains an electrolyte and an organic solvent.
- the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte includes LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) (COCF 3 ), Li (C 4 F 9 SO 3 ), LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 , LiBOB (where BOB is bis (oxalato) borate LiFSI (here, FSI is bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide), lithium salt such as lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium salt, LiAlCl 4, and a mixture of two or more of these May be used.
- BOB bis (oxalato) borate LiFSI (here, FSI is bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide)
- lithium salt such as lower aliphatic
- the electrolyte at least selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 and LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 containing fluorine. It is preferable to use one containing one kind.
- Examples of the organic solvent contained in the electrolyte include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and 1,2-di- Carbonates such as (methoxycarbonyloxy) ethane; 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, pentafluoropropyl methyl ether, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl difluoromethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2- Ethers such as methyltetrahydrofuran; Esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ⁇ -butyrolactone; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and butyronitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethyla Amides such as toamide; carbamates such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone;
- a mixed solvent containing carbonates is preferable, and a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and acyclic carbonate and a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and ethers are more preferable.
- a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate and an acyclic carbonate a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate is preferable.
- the electrolyte using such a mixed solvent has a wide operating temperature range, hardly deteriorates even when charged and discharged at a high current rate, hardly deteriorates even when used for a long time, and natural graphite as an active material of the negative electrode. Even when a graphite material such as artificial graphite is used, it has many features that it is hardly decomposable.
- an electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt containing fluorine such as LiPF 6 and an organic solvent having a fluorine substituent because the safety of the obtained lithium secondary battery is increased.
- a mixed solvent containing ethers having fluorine substituents such as pentafluoropropyl methyl ether and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl difluoromethyl ether and dimethyl carbonate is capable of capacity even when charging / discharging at a high current rate. Since the maintenance rate is high, it is more preferable.
- a solid electrolyte may be used instead of the above electrolytic solution.
- the solid electrolyte for example, an organic polymer electrolyte such as a polyethylene oxide polymer compound, a polymer compound containing at least one of a polyorganosiloxane chain or a polyoxyalkylene chain can be used.
- maintained the non-aqueous electrolyte in the high molecular compound can also be used.
- Li 2 S—SiS 2 , Li 2 S—GeS 2 , Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—B 2 S 3 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —Li 3 PO 4 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 -Li 2 SO 4, Li 2 S-GeS 2 -P 2 S 5 inorganic solid electrolytes containing a sulfide, and the like, may be used a mixture of two or more thereof. By using these solid electrolytes, the safety of the lithium secondary battery may be further improved.
- the solid electrolyte when a solid electrolyte is used, the solid electrolyte may serve as a separator, and in that case, the separator may not be required.
- the life of the lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode active material can be extended.
- the positive electrode having the above-described configuration has the above-described positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to this embodiment, the life of the lithium secondary battery can be extended.
- the lithium secondary battery having the above-described configuration has the above-described positive electrode, it becomes a lithium secondary battery having a longer life than before.
- evaluation of the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery was performed as follows.
- the average particle diameter was measured by using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (LA-950, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), 0.2 g by mass of 0.1 g of a positive electrode active material powder or a composite metal compound powder for a lithium secondary battery.
- the solution was poured into 50 ml of an aqueous sodium hexametaphosphate solution to obtain a dispersion in which the powder was dispersed.
- the particle size distribution of the obtained dispersion was measured to obtain a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution curve.
- the value of the particle diameter (D 50 ) viewed from the fine particle side at 50% accumulation was taken as the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries.
- composition analysis The composition analysis of the lithium metal composite oxide powder produced by the method described below is performed by dissolving the obtained lithium metal composite oxide powder in hydrochloric acid and then using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (SII Nanotechnology, Inc.). Manufactured by SPS3000).
- Example 1 ⁇ Manufacture of positive electrode active material 1 for lithium secondary battery ⁇ [Production method of spray liquid] After water was put in a tank equipped with a stirrer, an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution and tungsten oxide were added to obtain an alkaline aqueous solution in which tungsten oxide was dissolved. At this time, the tungsten oxide concentration in the alkaline aqueous solution was 2.8% by mass with respect to the mass of the entire alkaline aqueous solution.
- Nickel cobalt manganese composite metal hydroxide powder Ni 0.55 Co 0.21 Mn 0.24 (OH) 2
- BET specific surface area 86.3 m 2 / g, D 50 : 3.4 ⁇ m
- an alkaline aqueous solution in which the tungsten compound obtained above was dissolved was sprayed for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to obtain a mixed powder 1.
- the spraying conditions at this time are as follows.
- the positive electrode active material 1 for a lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 3.8 m 2 / g and D 50 of 2.7 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 ⁇ Manufacture of positive electrode active material 2 for lithium secondary battery ⁇ [Production method of spray liquid] After water was put in a tank equipped with a stirrer, an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution and tungsten oxide were added to obtain an alkaline aqueous solution in which tungsten oxide was dissolved. The tungsten oxide concentration in the alkaline aqueous solution at this time was 5.6% by mass with respect to the total mass of the alkaline aqueous solution.
- Nickel cobalt manganese composite metal hydroxide powder Ni 0.31 Co 0.33 Mn 0.36 (OH) 2
- BET specific surface area 37.2 m 2 / g, D 50 : 4.0 ⁇ m
- an alkaline aqueous solution in which the tungsten compound obtained above was dissolved was sprayed for 0.5 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to obtain a mixed powder 2.
- the spraying conditions at this time are as follows.
- the spraying conditions at this time are as follows.
- Discharge pressure 0.6 MPaG
- Flow rate 1.9L / h
- Nickel cobalt manganese composite metal hydroxide powder amount 4100g
- Alkaline solution amount 950 g
- the positive electrode active material 2 for a lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 2.4 m 2 / g and a D 50 of 3.6 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 ⁇ Manufacture of positive electrode active material 3 for lithium secondary battery ⁇ [Production method of spray liquid] After water was put in a tank equipped with a stirrer, an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution and tungsten oxide were added to obtain an alkaline aqueous solution in which tungsten oxide was dissolved. At this time, the tungsten oxide concentration in the alkaline aqueous solution was 2.8% by mass with respect to the mass of the entire alkaline aqueous solution.
- Nickel cobalt manganese composite metal hydroxide powder Ni 0.31 Co 0.33 Mn 0.36 (OH) 2
- BET specific surface area 37.9 m 2 / g, D 50 : 3.3 ⁇ m
- an alkaline aqueous solution in which the tungsten compound obtained above was dissolved was sprayed for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to obtain a mixed powder 3.
- the spraying conditions at this time are as follows.
- the positive electrode active material 3 for a lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 2.4 m 2 / g and D 50 of 3.4 ⁇ m.
- Nickel cobalt manganese composite metal hydroxide powder Ni 0.31 Co 0.33 Mn 0.36 (OH) 2
- BET specific surface area 29.8 m 2 / g, D 50 : 4.0 ⁇ m
- an alkaline aqueous solution in which the tungsten compound obtained above was dissolved was sprayed for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to obtain a mixed powder 4.
- the spraying conditions at this time are as follows.
- the positive electrode active material 4 for lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 1.8 m 2 / g and a D 50 of 3.7 ⁇ m.
- Nickel cobalt manganese composite metal hydroxide powder Ni 0.87 Co 0.10 Mn 0.02 Al 0.01 (OH) 2
- BET specific surface area 20.6 m 2 / g, D 50 : 10.4 ⁇ m
- the spraying conditions at this time are as follows.
- the positive electrode active material 5 for a lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 0.26 m 2 / g and a D 50 of 10.9 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material 6 for a lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 3.2 m 2 / g and a D 50 of 3.2 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> ⁇ Manufacture of positive electrode active material 7 for lithium secondary battery ⁇ [Production process of composite metal compound] Nickel cobalt manganese composite metal hydroxide powder (Ni 0.31 Co 0.33 Mn 0.36 (OH) 2 ) (BET specific surface area: 37.2 m 2 / g, D 50 : 4.0 ⁇ m), tungsten oxide The powder was weighed so that W per 1 mol of transition metal was 0.005 mol, and dry-mixed for 1 hour to obtain mixed powder 7.
- the mixed powder 7 obtained in the above process was heat-treated. Specifically, primary firing was performed at 690 ° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere, and then secondary firing was performed at 950 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the target positive electrode active material 7 for lithium secondary batteries was obtained by performing secondary baking for 6 hours at 925 degreeC.
- the positive electrode active material 7 for a lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 2.2 m 2 / g and a D 50 of 3.8 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material 9 for a lithium secondary battery had a BET specific surface area of 3.5 m 2 / g and D 50 of 3.0 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 summarizes the manufacturing conditions for Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- W means tungsten.
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the mixed powder after dry mixing in Comparative Example 2
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph of the mixed powder after spray mixing in Example 3.
- Comparative Example 2 in which the present invention was not applied, segregated material derived from tungsten was confirmed at the position indicated by reference numeral 20 in FIG.
- Example 3 in Example 3 to which the present invention was applied, segregated material derived from tungsten was not confirmed after the mixing of tungsten.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年12月7日に、日本に出願された特願2016-237694号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、タングステンの偏析が抑制された、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
[1]リチウム複合金属化合物を含むリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法であって、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガンを含む複合金属化合物粉末を加熱することと、タングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ溶液を前記複合金属化合物粉末に噴霧し、前記複合金属化合物粉末と前記タングステン化合物とを混合して混合粉末を製造することと、その後、前記混合粉末を冷却することを含む噴霧混合工程と、リチウム塩と、前記混合粉末とを混合し、焼成してリチウム複合金属化合物を製造する工程と、を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
[2]前記リチウム複合金属化合物が、以下の組成式(I)で表される、[1]に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
Li[Lix(Ni(1-y-z-w)CoyMnzMw)1-x]O2 ・・・(I)
(組成式(I)中、-0.1≦x≦0.2、0<y≦0.5、0<z≦0.8、0≦w≦0.1、y+z+w<1、MはFe、Cu、Ti、Mg、Al、W、B、Mo、Nb、Zn、Sn、Zr、Ga及びVからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属を表す。)
[3]前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質に含まれるタングステン含有量が遷移金属の全モル量に対して1.0mol%以下である[1]又は[2]に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
[4]前記噴霧混合工程において、前記タングステン化合物が酸化タングステンである[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
[5]前記噴霧混合工程において、前記アルカリ溶液が水酸化リチウムを含む[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
[6]前記噴霧混合工程において、前記アルカリ溶液を噴霧するときの複合金属化合物粉末の温度が100℃以上である[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法は、ニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンを含む複合金属化合物粉末を加熱することと、タングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ溶液を前記複合金属化合物粉末に噴霧し、前記複合金属化合物粉末と前記タングステン化合物とを混合して混合粉末を製造することと、その後、前記混合粉末を冷却することを含む噴霧混合工程と、リチウム塩と、前記混合物粉末とを混合し、焼成してリチウム複合金属化合物を製造する工程と、を有する。
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法においては、まず、リチウム以外の金属、すなわち、Ni、Co及びMnから構成される必須金属、並びに、Fe、Cr、Cu、Ti、B、Mg、Al、W、Mo、Nb、Zn、Sn、Zr、Ga及びVのうちいずれか1種以上の任意金属を含む複合金属化合物を調製し、当該複合金属化合物を適当なリチウム塩と焼成することが好ましい。複合金属化合物としては、複合金属水酸化物又は複合金属酸化物が好ましい。
より詳細には、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法は、前記噴霧混合工程を有する複合金属化合物の製造工程と、リチウム金属複合酸化物の製造工程と、を備える。
以下、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法の各工程について説明する。
複合金属化合物の製造工程は、リチウム以外の金属、すなわち、Ni、Co及びMnから構成される必須金属、並びに、Fe、Cr、Cu、Ti、B、Mg、Al、W、Mo、Nb、Zn、Sn、Zr、Ga及びVのうちいずれか1種以上の任意金属を含む複合金属化合物を調製する工程である。
ここで、BET比表面積は、ニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンを含む複合金属化合物粉末1gを窒素雰囲気中、105℃で30分間乾燥させた後、BET比表面積計(マウンテック社製Macsorb(登録商標))を用いて測定した値である。
また、平均粒子径は、以下の方法により測定される値である。レーザー回折粒度分布計(株式会社堀場製作所製、LA-950)を用い、ニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンを含む複合金属化合物粉末0.1gを、0.2質量%ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム水溶液50mlに投入し、該粉末を分散させた分散液を得る。得られた分散液について粒度分布を測定し、体積基準の累積粒度分布曲線を得る。得られた累積粒度分布曲線において、50%累積時の微小粒子側から見た粒子径(D50)の値を、ニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンを含む複合金属化合物の平均粒子径とする。
噴霧混合工程では、上記工程で得たニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンを含む複合金属化合物粉末を加熱し、タングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ溶液を前記複合金属化合物粉末に噴霧し、複合金属化合物粉末とタングステン化合物とを混合して混合粉末を製造する。その後、前記混合粉末を冷却する。
複合金属化合物粉末は、アルカリ溶液の溶媒が蒸発する温度以上に加熱することが好ましい。具体的には、複合金属化合物粉末を加熱する温度は、アルカリ溶液に含まれるアルカリ溶液の溶媒の沸点及びアルカリ溶液の噴霧条件に合わせて適宜設定される。
より具体的には、複合金属化合物粉末の温度の下限値は100℃以上が好ましく、105℃以上がより好ましい。複合金属化合物粉末の温度の上限値は特に限定されず、例えば、150℃以下、130℃以下、120℃以下が挙げられる。
上記上限値と下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。例えば、複合金属化合物粉末の温度は、100℃以上150℃以下が好ましく、105℃以上150℃以下がより好ましい。
一例を挙げると、アルカリ溶液の噴霧時の供給量は1.0~3.0L/h、吐出圧力は0.05MPa~1.0MPaで、ノズル径は30~200μm、及び10分間~600分間程度噴霧混合することが好ましい。
また、噴霧工程におけるアルカリ溶液の温度は、20~90℃であることが好ましい。
上記複合金属化合物とタングステン化合物との混合粉末(以下、「混合粉末」と記載する)を、リチウム塩と混合する。リチウム塩としては、炭酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、酢酸リチウム、水酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム水和物、酸化リチウムのうち何れか一つ、又は、二つ以上を混合して使用することができる。
また、リチウム塩と当該混合粉末は、リチウム化合物中のリチウムと、ニッケルを含む混合粉末中の総ての遷移金属元素(Me)とのモル比(Li/Me)が1を超える比率となるように混合してもよい。
本実施形態において、製造されるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質は下記組成式(I)で表される化合物を含むことが好ましい。
Li[Lix(Ni(1-y-z-w)CoyMnzMw)1-x]O2 ・・・(I)
(組成式(I)中、-0.1≦x≦0.2、0<y≦0.5、0<z≦0.8、0≦w≦0.1、y+z+w<1、MはFe、Cu、Ti、Mg、Al、W、B、Mo、Nb、Zn、Sn、Zr、Ga及びVからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属を表す。)
本実施形態において、製造されるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質が、上記組成式(I)で表されるリチウム複合金属化合物であって、組成式(I)中、Mで表される金属のうち、W(タングステン)を含まないリチウム複合金属化合物を含む場合には、上記組成式(I)で表されるリチウム複合金属化合物と、タングステン化合物を含むものとする。
xの上限値と下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。例えば、xは0を超えかつ0.1以下であることが好ましく、0.01以上0.08以下であることがより好ましく、0.02以上0.06以下であることがさらに好ましい。
本明細書において、「サイクル特性が高い」とは、放電容量維持率が高いことを意味する。
yの上限値と下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。例えば、yは0.10以上0.49以下であることが好ましく、0.20以上0.48以下であることがより好ましく、0.30以上0.47以下であることがさらに好ましい。
zの上限値と下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。例えば、zは0.05以上0.35以下であることが好ましく、0.10以上0.30以下であることがより好ましく、0.20以上0.25以下であることがさらに好ましい。
wの上限値と下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。例えば、wは0.01以上0.09以下であることが好ましく、0.03以上0.08以下であることがより好ましく、0.05以上0.07以下であることがさらに好ましい。
本実施形態において、高い電流レートでの放電容量が高いリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を得る観点から正極活物質のBET比表面積(m2/g)は、0.1m2/g以上であることが好ましく、0.5m2/g以上であることがより好ましく、1.0m2/g以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、正極活物質の吸湿性を低くする観点から、正極活物質のBET比表面積(m2/g)は、4.0m2/g以下であることが好ましく、3.8m2/g以下であることがより好ましく、2.6m2/g以下であることがさらに好ましい。
正極活物質のBET比表面積(m2/g)の上限値と下限値は任意に組み合わせることができる。例えば、BET比表面積(m2/g)は、0.1m2/g以上4.0m2/g以下であることが好ましく、0.5m2/g以上3.8m2/g以下であることがより好ましく、1.05m2/g以上2.6m2/g以下であることがさらに好ましい。
正極活物質の結晶構造は、層状構造であり、六方晶型の結晶構造又は単斜晶型の結晶構造であることがより好ましい。
次いで、リチウム二次電池の構成を説明しながら、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を、リチウム二次電池の正極活物質として用いた正極、及びこの正極を有するリチウム二次電池について説明する。
(正極)
本実施形態の正極は、まず正極活物質、導電材及びバインダーを含む正極合剤を調整し、正極合剤を正極集電体に担持させることで製造することができる。
本実施形態の正極が有する導電材としては、炭素材料を用いることができる。炭素材料として黒鉛粉末、カーボンブラック(例えばアセチレンブラック)、繊維状炭素材料などを挙げることができる。カーボンブラックは、微粒で表面積が大きいため、少量を正極合剤中に添加することにより正極内部の導電性を高め、充放電効率及び出力特性を向上させることができるが、多く入れすぎるとバインダーによる正極合剤と正極集電体との結着力、及び正極合剤内部の結着力がいずれも低下し、かえって内部抵抗を増加させる原因となる。
本実施形態の正極が有するバインダーとしては、熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができる。
この熱可塑性樹脂としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(以下、PVdFということがある。
)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(以下、PTFEということがある。)、四フッ化エチレン・六フッ化プロピレン・フッ化ビニリデン系共重合体、六フッ化プロピレン・フッ化ビニリデン系共重合体、四フッ化エチレン・パーフルオロビニルエーテル系共重合体などのフッ素樹脂;ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂;を挙げることができる。
本実施形態の正極が有する正極集電体としては、Al、Ni、ステンレスなどの金属材料を形成材料とする帯状の部材を用いることができる。なかでも、加工しやすく、安価であるという点でAlを形成材料とし、薄膜状に加工したものが好ましい。
(負極)
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池が有する負極は、正極よりも低い電位でリチウムイオンのドープかつ脱ドープが可能であればよく、負極活物質を含む負極合剤が負極集電体に担持されてなる電極、及び負極活物質単独からなる電極を挙げることができる。
負極が有する負極活物質としては、炭素材料、カルコゲン化合物(酸化物、硫化物など)、窒化物、金属又は合金で、正極よりも低い電位でリチウムイオンのドープかつ脱ドープが可能な材料が挙げられる。
負極が有する負極集電体としては、Cu、Ni、ステンレスなどの金属材料を形成材料とする帯状の部材を挙げることができる。なかでも、リチウムと合金を作り難く、加工しやすいという点で、Cuを形成材料とし、薄膜状に加工したものが好ましい。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池が有するセパレータとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂、フッ素樹脂、含窒素芳香族重合体などの材質からなる、多孔質膜、不織布、織布などの形態を有する材料を用いることができる。また、これらの材質を2種以上用いてセパレータを形成してもよいし、これらの材料を積層してセパレータを形成してもよい。
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池が有する電解液は、電解質及び有機溶媒を含有する。
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質粉末を3g採取し、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(ZEISS社製ULTRA PLUS)を用いてリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の反射電子像の測定を行った。加速電圧15kV、倍率500で異なる10個の視野の画像を取得し、得られた画像にて活物質とはコントラストの異なる粒子をタングステンの偏析と見なし、タングステンの偏析の有無を評価した。
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質粉末又はニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末1gを窒素雰囲気中、105℃で30分間乾燥させた後、BET比表面積計(マウンテック社製Macsorb(登録商標))を用いて測定した。
平均粒子径の測定は、レーザー回折粒度分布計(株式会社堀場製作所製、LA-950)を用い、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質粉末又は複合金属化合物粉末0.1gを、0.2質量%ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム水溶液50mlに投入し、該粉末を分散させた分散液を得た。得られた分散液について粒度分布を測定し、体積基準の累積粒度分布曲線を得た。得られた累積粒度分布曲線において、50%累積時の微小粒子側から見た粒子径(D50)の値を、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の平均粒子径とした。
後述の方法で製造されるリチウム金属複合酸化物粉末の組成分析は、得られたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粉末を塩酸に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製、SPS3000)を用いて行った。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質1の製造≫
[噴霧液の製造方法]
攪拌機を備えた槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化リチウム水溶液と、酸化タングステンを添加し、酸化タングステンを溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を得た。この時のアルカリ水溶液中の酸化タングステン濃度は、アルカリ水溶液全体の質量に対して2.8質量%であった。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.55Co0.21Mn0.24(OH)2)(BET比表面積:86.3m2/g、D50:3.4μm)を105℃に加熱かつ混合しながら、前記で得たタングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を1時間噴霧した。その後冷却し、混合粉末1を得た。この時の噴霧条件は下記の通りである。
{噴霧条件}
ノズル径:45μm
吐出圧 :0.6MPaG
流量 :1.9L/h
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末量:4100g
アルカリ水溶液量:1850g
混合粉末1と、炭酸リチウム粉末とを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.07となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下760℃で5時間の一次焼成を行い、さらに、大気雰囲気下850℃で10時間の二次焼成をして、目的のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質1を得た。このリチウム二次電池用正極活物質1のBET比表面積は、3.8m2/gであり、D50は2.7μmであった。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質1の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:W=1.07:0.55:0.21:0.24:0.005であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質1には偏析物が見られず、タングステン由来の異物は確認されなかった。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質2の製造≫
[噴霧液の製造方法]
攪拌機を備えた槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化リチウム水溶液と、酸化タングステンを添加し、酸化タングステンを溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を得た。この時のアルカリ水溶液中の酸化タングステン濃度は、アルカリ水溶液全体の質量に対して5.6質量%であった。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.31Co0.33Mn0.36(OH)2)(BET比表面積:37.2m2/g、D50:4.0μm)を105℃に加熱し、混合しながら、前記で得たタングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を0.5時間噴霧した。その後冷却し、混合粉末2を得た。この時の噴霧条件は下記の通りである。
この時の噴霧条件は下記の通りである。
{噴霧条件}
ノズル径:45μm
吐出圧 :0.6MPaG
流量 :1.9L/h
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末量:4100g
アルカリ溶液量:950g
混合粉末2と、炭酸リチウム粉末とを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.10となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下690℃で5時間の一次焼成をし、さらに、大気雰囲気下950℃で6時間の二次焼成をして、目的のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質2を得た。このリチウム二次電池用正極活物質2のBET比表面積は、2.4m2/gであり、D50は3.6μmであった。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質2の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:W=1.10:0.32:0.33:0.35:0.005であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質2には偏析物が見られず、タングステン由来の異物は確認されなかった。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質3の製造≫
[噴霧液の製造方法]
攪拌機を備えた槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化リチウム水溶液と、酸化タングステンを添加し、酸化タングステンを溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を得た。この時のアルカリ水溶液中の酸化タングステン濃度は、アルカリ水溶液全体の質量に対して2.8質量%であった。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.31Co0.33Mn0.36(OH)2)(BET比表面積:37.9m2/g、D50:3.3μm)を105℃に加熱し、混合しながら、前記で得たタングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を1時間噴霧した。その後冷却し、混合粉末3を得た。この時の噴霧条件は下記の通りである。
{噴霧条件}
ノズル径:45μm
吐出圧 :0.6MPaG
流量 :1.9L/h
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末量:4100g
アルカリ水溶液量:1900g
混合粉末3と、炭酸リチウム粉末とを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.10となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下690℃で5時間の一次焼成を行い、さらに、大気雰囲気下950℃で6時間の二次焼成をして、目的のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質3を得た。このリチウム二次電池用正極活物質3のBET比表面積は、2.4m2/gであり、D50は3.4μmであった。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質3の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:W=1.10:0.32:0.33:0.36:0.005であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質3には偏析物が見られず、タングステン由来の異物は確認されなかった。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質4の製造≫
[噴霧液の製造方法]
攪拌機を備えた槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化リチウム水溶液と、酸化タングステンを添加し、酸化タングステンを溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を得た。この時のアルカリ水溶液中の酸化タングステン濃度は、アルカリ水溶液全体の質量に対して2.8質量%であった。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.31Co0.33Mn0.36(OH)2)(BET比表面積:29.8m2/g、D50:4.0μm)を105℃に加熱し、混合しながら、前記で得たタングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を1時間噴霧した。その後冷却し、混合粉末4を得た。この時の噴霧条件は下記の通りである。
{噴霧条件}
ノズル径:45μm
吐出圧 :0.6MPaG
流量 :1.9L/h
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末量:4100g
アルカリ水溶液量:1900g
混合粉末4と、炭酸リチウム粉末とを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.10となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下690℃で4時間を行い、連続して、955℃で6時間焼成をして、目的のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質4を得た。このリチウム二次電池用正極活物質4のBET比表面積は、1.8m2/gであり、D50は3.7μmであった。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質4の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:W=1.11:0.32:0.33:0.35:0.005であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質4には偏析物が見られず、タングステン由来の異物は確認されなかった。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質5の製造≫
[噴霧液の製造方法]
攪拌機を備えた槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化リチウム水溶液と、酸化タングステンを添加し、酸化タングステンを溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を得た。この時のアルカリ水溶液中の酸化タングステン濃度は、アルカリ水溶液全体の質量に対して2.3質量%であった。
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.87Co0.10Mn0.02Al0.01(OH)2)(BET比表面積:20.6m2/g、D50:10.4μm)を105℃に加熱し、混合しながら、前記で得たタングステン化合物を溶解させたアルカリ水溶液を2.5時間噴霧した。その後冷却し、混合粉末5を得た。この時の噴霧条件は下記の通りである。
{噴霧条件}
ノズル径:45μm
吐出圧 :0.6MPaG
流量 :1.9L/h
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末量:9000g
アルカリ水溶液量:4700g
混合粉末5と、炭酸リチウム粉末とを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.02となるように秤量して混合した後、酸素雰囲気下、760℃で5時間の一次焼成を行い、その後、酸素雰囲気下、760℃で10時間の二次焼成し、目的のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質5を得た。このリチウム二次電池用正極活物質5のBET比表面積は、0.26m2/gであり、D50は10.9μmであった。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質5の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:Al:W=0.99:0.89:0.09:0.02:0.02:0.004であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質5には偏析物が見られず、タングステン由来の異物は確認されなかった。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質6の製造≫
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.55Co0.21Mn0.24(OH)2)(BET比表面積:82.6m2/g、D50:3.6μm)と、酸化タングステン粉末を、遷移金属1molあたりのWが0.005molとなるように秤量し、1時間乾式混合し、混合粉末6を得た。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質6の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:W=1.07:0.55:0.21:0.24:0.005であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質6には、偏析物が見られ、タングステン由来の異物が確認された。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質7の製造≫
[複合金属化合物の製造工程]
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.31Co0.33Mn0.36(OH)2)(BET比表面積:37.2m2/g、D50:4.0μm)と、酸化タングステン粉末を、遷移金属1molあたりのWが0.005molとなるように秤量し、を1時間乾式混合し、混合粉末7を得た。
上記工程で得た、混合粉末7を熱処理した。具体的には、大気雰囲気下、690℃で5時間の一次焼成を行い、その後、大気雰囲気化、950℃で6時間の二次焼成を行った。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質7の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:W=1.10:0.32:0.33:0.35:0.005であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質7には、偏析物が見られ、タングステン由来の異物が確認された。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質8の製造≫
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.87Co0.10Mn0.02Al0.01(OH)2)(BET比表面積:20.6m2/g、D50:10.4μm)と、酸化タングステン粉末を、遷移金属1molあたりのWが0.004molとなるように秤量し、1時間乾式混合し、混合粉末8を得た。
混合粉末8と、炭酸リチウム粉末とを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.02となるように秤量して混合した後、酸素雰囲気下、760℃で5時間の一次焼成を行い、その後、酸素雰囲気下、760℃で10時間の二次焼成して、目的のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質8を得た。このリチウム二次電池用正極活物質8のBET比表面積は、0.28m2/gであり、D50は10.6μmであった。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質8の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:Al:W=0.99:0.89:0.09:0.02:0.02:0.004であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質8には、偏析物が見られ、タングステン由来の異物が確認された。
≪リチウム二次電池用正極活物質9の製造≫
ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合金属水酸化物粉末(Ni0.55Co0.21Mn0.24(OH)2)(BET比表面積:84.0m2/g、D50:3.5μm)と、炭酸リチウム粉末とを、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.07となるように秤量して混合した後、空気雰囲気下、760℃で10時間の一次焼成を行い、得た複合金属化合物粉末9と、酸化タングステン粉末とを1時間乾式混合した。その後、酸素雰囲気化、850℃で10時間の二次焼成を行い、目的のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質9を得た。このリチウム二次電池用正極活物質9のBET比表面積は、3.5m2/gであり、D50は3.0μmであった。
得られたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質9の組成分析を行ったところ、モル比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:W=1.07:0.56:0.21:0.24:0.005であった。
さらに、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質9には、偏析物が見られ、タングステン由来の異物が確認された。
Claims (6)
- リチウム複合金属化合物を含むリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法であって、
ニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンを含む複合金属化合物粉末を加熱することと、タングステン化合物のアルカリ溶液を前記複合金属化合物粉末に噴霧し、前記複合金属化合物粉末と前記タングステン化合物とを混合して混合粉末を製造することと、その後、前記混合粉末を冷却することを含む噴霧混合工程と、
リチウム塩と、前記混合粉末とを混合し、焼成してリチウム複合金属化合物を製造する工程と、
を有するリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記リチウム複合金属化合物が、以下の組成式(I)で表される、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
Li[Lix(Ni(1-y-z-w)CoyMnzMw)1-x]O2 ・・・(I)
(組成式(I)中、-0.1≦x≦0.2、0<y≦0.5、0<z≦0.8、0≦w≦0.1、y+z+w<1、MはFe、Cu、Ti、Mg、Al、W、B、Mo、Nb、Zn、Sn、Zr、Ga及びVからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属を表す。) - 前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質に含まれるタングステン含有量が遷移金属の全モル量に対して1.0mol%以下である請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記噴霧混合工程において、前記タングステン化合物が酸化タングステンである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記噴霧混合工程において、前記アルカリ溶液が水酸化リチウムを含む請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記噴霧混合工程において、前記アルカリ溶液を噴霧するときの複合金属化合物粉末の温度が100℃以上である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
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| CN117293308A (zh) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-26 | 深圳市贝特瑞纳米科技有限公司 | 正极材料及其制备方法、电池 |
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