WO2018100211A2 - Method for obtaining final dental prostheses based on images obtained by means of an intraoral scanner - Google Patents
Method for obtaining final dental prostheses based on images obtained by means of an intraoral scanner Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018100211A2 WO2018100211A2 PCT/ES2016/070858 ES2016070858W WO2018100211A2 WO 2018100211 A2 WO2018100211 A2 WO 2018100211A2 ES 2016070858 W ES2016070858 W ES 2016070858W WO 2018100211 A2 WO2018100211 A2 WO 2018100211A2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
- A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
Definitions
- the present invention relates, as its own title indicates, to a method for obtaining definitive dental prostheses from the images obtained by an intraoral scanner within a dental treatment.
- the method of the invention allows to obtain a definitive prosthesis with a perfect biomechanical adjustment and that contains the complete geometric, morphological, aesthetic and functional information from the fusion or alignment of several digital files obtained by intraoral scanners of the patient's mouth .
- a first phase in which, on the patient's gum, the implants that serve as an anchor for the dentures of the dental pieces that need to be replaced are placed;
- a third phase where, from the model of the previous phase, the prosthesis is constructed to replace the dental piece and it will be fixed to the implant of the first phase and;
- both the final aesthetic and functional result depend absolutely on the previous steps being carried out as accurately and reliably as possible, both in the initial measurement of the patient's mouth and in the subsequent manufacturing process based on such measures.
- both the planning of the surgery for the implant placement and the design of the prostheses that will be placed in these implants started from a first impression or obtaining data from the mouth of the totally manual patient, using a deformable material such as silicone from which a model of the patient's mouth was obtained on which, then, said prostheses were designed.
- intraoral scanners have begun to be used, which allow obtaining detailed and rapid digital information, both from the geometry of the mouth itself, as well as from the dental pieces and teeth. implants that the patient may have placed.
- this information is transformed into a digital file with which the corresponding software works to create a digital model of the patient's mouth, which can later be materialized into an exact physical model through rapid prototyping, milling technologies, etc.
- the file used for the fabrication of the provisional prosthesis may not include all implants placed in the surgery. This is the case in which the provisional prosthesis is placed only on some and not all implants.
- the computer system or program will combine or align the images contained in both in order to achieve an optimal "best-fit” adjustment between them, with which to subsequently create the definitive prosthesis.
- This alignment of the files also called “best - fit” is based on the search for points in common between the images obtained by the scanner so that the system can align or overlap them or, using the English term, that the system performs the "Stiching / matching" of the images to compose the final complete image.
- These points in common can be dental pieces, the implants themselves or parts of the implants, etc.
- a specific case of application where it would be especially useful to be able to transfer all the information of the provisional prosthesis to the definitive one would be in which for the prosthetic finalization a prosthesis is chosen in monolithic material, that is, in a single block and of a single material , for example zirconium.
- a prosthesis is chosen in monolithic material, that is, in a single block and of a single material , for example zirconium.
- This operational problem therefore means that the digital information obtained from intraoral scans of the patient's mouth with and without the existing prosthesis cannot be combined automatically (through software), in order to obtain a new definitive prosthesis with information on both the visible or aesthetic part of said provisional prosthesis and the area of union between it and the patient's mouth (implants, gum, etc.), that is, the morphology of the patient's mouth.
- This problem is not limited to cases in which a digital file of said provisional prosthesis is already available in advance. That is to say, there will be occasions when the existing prosthesis, whether provisional or definitive but obsolete or no longer valid, has been obtained by conventional non-digital means. In order to perform a new prosthesis, either because more implants have been performed, or because a change of material is desired, etc., said old prosthesis will also have valuable information that must be incorporated into the new prosthesis.
- the information on which the definitive prosthesis is to be based is even the patient's own denture.
- the digital file of the patient's mouth must be created from scratch with the provisional or old prosthesis on which the new one is to be based, for which the intraoral scanner would be used.
- the method for obtaining definitive dental prostheses within a dental treatment of the present invention solves the aforementioned problems of the prior art and also constitutes a versatile working method adaptable to each user, with a high degree of precision and a minimum cost and time.
- the method of the invention establishes a new dental protocol for the elaboration of definitive dental prostheses from image files of the patient's mouth obtained by intraoral scanners.
- the method of the invention consists in placing one or more geometrically significant elements in the patient's jaw so that the different digital files, obtained by an intraoral scanner while said geometrically significant element is placed, can be digitally aligned and combined. the information contained in them to design and subsequently manufacture the definitive prosthesis. More specifically, the method for obtaining definitive dentures of the present invention has the steps of: i. Place a geometrically significant element or elements in the patient's jaw when he or she has placed the temporary prosthesis that you want to copy totally or partially,
- the geometrically significant element or elements may be removed once step iv described above has been performed.
- provisional prosthesis any type of partial or complete prosthesis should be understood as provisional prosthesis and obtained by any means, containing information from the patient's mouth and from which it is desired to copy information in order to perform a definitive prosthesis
- examples of said provisional prostheses may be crowns, bridges or complete prostheses fixed both on natural teeth and on implants.
- definitive prosthesis is understood not only that whose objective is to be fixed more or less definitively to the patient's mouth, but to any others, whether final or not, that are elaborated from information of other prostheses or elements already existing in combination with the updated composition and morphology of the patient's mouth, for example prostheses with internal metal structure (for example zirconium) or plastic (for example curable resins type PIC) coated by another material, or monobloc prostheses made of a monolithic material (for example zirconium or cerminal), unitary prostheses to full jaw, etc.
- internal metal structure for example zirconium
- plastic for example curable resins type PIC
- diagnosis waxing is the one known to a technique by which the aesthetic reconstructions of the teeth (for example veneers) are planned and which involves making a complete mold of the dental arches to be able to build the pieces taking into account its dimensions, shape, adjacent holes, etc.
- this waxing of material that hardens in the mouth is placed on the patient's teeth to be able to "sculpt" them, momentarily showing what the final result would be. If the patient likes the result then they proceed to place the geometrically significant element or elements and scan their mouth using an intraoral scanner to obtain the E1 digital file or files following the method of the invention.
- the patient's teeth are carved to reduce their size and place on them the prosthesis, veneers, etc. and, once finished carving, the patient's mouth is scanned again to obtain the E2 digital file or files.
- the software tool can combine said digital files E1 and E2 so that the prosthesis created from them, definitive or not, has the aesthetic appearance desired by the external face. patient and inside the appropriate form to fit the carved teeth of the patient. Restoration with implants.
- the prosthesis to be copied is removed but without removing the geometrically significant element or elements, the so-called spatial location attachments or "bodies” are placed that mark the place where the implants are located and / or new implants are placed whose position is also marked by other "sean bodies” and then scan the patient's mouth again to obtain the E2 digital file or files.
- the so-called spatial location attachments or "bodies” are placed that mark the place where the implants are located and / or new implants are placed whose position is also marked by other "sean bodies” and then scan the patient's mouth again to obtain the E2 digital file or files.
- the software tool can align or combine said digital files E1 and E2 so that the prosthesis created from them, definitive or not, has the appearance and appearance Morphology of the prosthesis that was to be copied and for its lower part, intended for coupling with the patient's mouth, the appropriate way to fit the old and / or new dental implants. c) Transfer of a complete prosthesis.
- the digital files E1 and E2 are available, they are delivered to the software tool to, by means of their alignment and combination, obtain a digital work file from which to design and manufacture the definitive prosthesis.
- the method of the invention allows for the alignment or "best fit" of the different images obtained by the intraoral scanner, since the software has the presence in the same place of the geometrically significant element or elements that relate all of them, thus allowing to mix, merge or align the different digital files.
- the method for obtaining definitive dentures of the present invention has the steps of: i. Place a geometrically significant element or elements in the patient's jaw, preferably in his vestibular area, when he has placed, on natural teeth or on implants, the provisional prosthesis that you want to copy totally or partially.
- Said significant geometric element or elements may be formed by any element having a geometric figure or mark of any type engraved or printed, ideally with at least three points, for example a triangle.
- said significant geometric elements are placed on the patient's jaw removably so that, on the one hand, they can be easily placed and removed but, on the other hand, ensure their fixation and prevent accidental movement during the time that They are placed. For example using glue for medical or hospital use.
- Said scans are preferably performed on the maxilla to be treated, its antagonist and both in occlusion, so that the main positions are collected.
- the scans are performed on the maxilla to be treated, its antagonist and both in occlusion, so that the main positions are collected.
- the digital files E1 and E2 are finally sent to the prosthesis design software.
- this alignment is carried out thanks to the fact that the laboratory software makes a comparison of the E1 and E2 files thanks to the common points provided by the geometrically significant elements, three if it is a triangular geometric figure, they are in it position, which serves as a reference to the software that can superimpose the geometries and, by extension, the images obtained during intraoral scans, producing their alignment.
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- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
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Description
METODO PARA LA OBTENCION DE PROTESIS DENTALES DEFINITIVAS A PARTIR DE IMÁGENES OBTENIDAS POR MEDIO DE UN ESCÁNER METHOD FOR OBTAINING DEFINITIVE DENTAL PROTESTS FROM IMAGES OBTAINED THROUGH A SCANNER
INTRAORAL INTRAORAL
DESCRIPCION DESCRIPTION
Objeto de la invención La presente invención se refiere, como su propio título indica, a un método para la obtención de prótesis dentales definitivas a partir de las imágenes obtenidas por un escáner intraoral dentro de un tratamiento odontológico. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates, as its own title indicates, to a method for obtaining definitive dental prostheses from the images obtained by an intraoral scanner within a dental treatment.
Concretamente, el método de la invención permite obtener una prótesis definitiva con un perfecto ajuste biomecánico y que contenga la información geométrica, morfológica, estética y funcional completa a partir de la fusión o alineación de varios archivos digitales obtenidos mediante escáneres intraorales de la boca del paciente. Specifically, the method of the invention allows to obtain a definitive prosthesis with a perfect biomechanical adjustment and that contains the complete geometric, morphological, aesthetic and functional information from the fusion or alignment of several digital files obtained by intraoral scanners of the patient's mouth .
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
Como es conocido, el campo de la odontología, y más concretamente el de la implantología dental ha experimentado un desarrollo continúo en los últimos años. Este desarrollo se debe, en gran medida, a la aparición de potentes herramientas software de diseño y de modernos sistemas de fabricación, que consiguen resultados sorprendentes tanto desde el punto de vista estético como desde el funcional, todo ello en un tiempo mínimo que permite a los pacientes recuperar la función masticatoria y estética en un corto periodo de tiempo. As is known, the field of dentistry, and more specifically that of dental implantology, has undergone continuous development in recent years. This development is due, to a large extent, to the emergence of powerful design software tools and modern manufacturing systems, which achieve surprising results both aesthetically and functionally, all in a minimum time that allows Patients recover chewing and aesthetic function in a short period of time.
Además, de la utilización de estas técnicas se derivan otras ventajas, entre las que se encuentra el disminuir los errores y la imprecisión en aquellas operaciones, facetas o aspectos de los tratamientos odontológicos en los que son cruciales la exactitud y precisión. In addition, other advantages derive from the use of these techniques, including reducing errors and inaccuracy in those operations, facets or aspects of dental treatments in which accuracy and precision are crucial.
Este es el caso, por ejemplo, de la planificación de la cirugía para la colocación de implantes dentales y/o el diseño de las prótesis que serán colocadas en dichos implantes, en donde la utilización de técnicas digitales de tomas de datos de la boca de los pacientes se ha convertido en una práctica cada vez más extendida por su elevada fiabilidad y buenos resultados. This is the case, for example, of the planning of the surgery for the placement of dental implants and / or the design of the prostheses that will be placed in these Implants, where the use of digital data collection techniques from patients' mouths has become an increasingly widespread practice due to their high reliability and good results.
Así, de forma general, se tiene que las principales fases de la rehabilitación dental con implantes son las siguientes: Thus, in general, the main phases of dental rehabilitation with implants are as follows:
1. Una primera fase en la que, sobre la encía del paciente, se colocan los implantes que sirven de anclaje para las prótesis de las piezas dentales que necesitan ser substituidas; 1. A first phase in which, on the patient's gum, the implants that serve as an anchor for the dentures of the dental pieces that need to be replaced are placed;
2. Una segunda fase de toma de muestras y medidas de la boca del paciente a partir de las cuales se elaboran los modelos dentales o réplicas de la boca con los implantes ya colocados; 2. A second phase of sampling and measurement of the patient's mouth from which dental models or replicas of the mouth are made with implants already placed;
3. Una tercera fase en donde, a partir del modelo de la fase anterior, se construye la prótesis destinada a substituir a la pieza dental y que quedará fijada al implante de la primera fase y; finalmente 3. A third phase where, from the model of the previous phase, the prosthesis is constructed to replace the dental piece and it will be fixed to the implant of the first phase and; Finally
4. Una cuarta fase de colocación de la prótesis en la boca. 4. A fourth phase of placement of the prosthesis in the mouth.
Como es evidente, tanto el resultado estético como funcional final dependen absolutamente de que los pasos anteriores se realicen de la forma más precisa y fiable posible, tanto en la inicial toma de medidas de la boca del paciente como en el posterior proceso de fabricación basado en dichas medidas. As is evident, both the final aesthetic and functional result depend absolutely on the previous steps being carried out as accurately and reliably as possible, both in the initial measurement of the patient's mouth and in the subsequent manufacturing process based on such measures.
Hasta hace poco tiempo o incluso todavía hoy en día, tanto la planificación de la cirugía para la colocación de los implantes como el diseño de las prótesis que serán colocadas en dichos implantes, partía de una primera toma de impresión u obtención de datos de la boca del paciente totalmente manual, utilizando un material deformable como la silicona a partir de la cual se obtenía un modelo de la boca del paciente sobre el que, a continuación, se diseñaban dichas prótesis. Until recently or even today, both the planning of the surgery for the implant placement and the design of the prostheses that will be placed in these implants, started from a first impression or obtaining data from the mouth of the totally manual patient, using a deformable material such as silicone from which a model of the patient's mouth was obtained on which, then, said prostheses were designed.
Sin embargo, este sistema manual es notoriamente impreciso debido tanto al proceso de manipulación de los materiales deformables como a las propias características de los materiales utilizados, los cuales presentan diferentes tolerancias y grados de contracción no uniformes. Todos estos defectos del procedimiento introducen errores en la posición de los implantes que derivan en una colocación final de los implantes en boca defectuosa o incluso perjudicial para el paciente. However, this manual system is notoriously inaccurate due to both the process of handling deformable materials and the characteristics of the materials used, which have different tolerances and non-uniform degrees of contraction. All these procedural defects introduce errors in the position of the implants that result in a final implant placement. in the mouth defective or even harmful to the patient.
Con el fin de evitar esos errores se introdujo la utilización de escáneres de laboratorio que digitalizaban el modelo de escayola creado a partir de la impresión tradicional antes mencionada, lo que permitía reducir en parte los errores cometidos en el proceso completamente manual antes descrito. In order to avoid these errors, the use of laboratory scanners that digitized the plaster model created from the above-mentioned traditional printing was introduced, which partially reduced errors made in the completely manual process described above.
Actualmente, para eliminar por completo la dependencia del proceso manual se han empezado a utilizar los escáneres intraorales, que permiten obtener de forma rápida y precisa información digital detallada, tanto de la geometría de la boca en sí misma, como de las piezas dentales y los implantes que pueda tener colocados el paciente.Currently, in order to completely eliminate the dependence on the manual process, intraoral scanners have begun to be used, which allow obtaining detailed and rapid digital information, both from the geometry of the mouth itself, as well as from the dental pieces and teeth. implants that the patient may have placed.
Posteriormente, dicha información se transforma en un archivo digital con el que a través del software correspondiente se trabaja para crear un modelo digital de la boca del paciente, que posteriormente podrá materializarse en un modelo físico exacto por medio de tecnologías de prototipado rápido, fresado, etc. Subsequently, this information is transformed into a digital file with which the corresponding software works to create a digital model of the patient's mouth, which can later be materialized into an exact physical model through rapid prototyping, milling technologies, etc.
Estas nuevas técnicas se basan, por lo tanto, en una óptima adquisición de datos de cara a poder construir lo más fielmente posible el modelo digital de la boca del paciente y planificar tanto la cirugía como el diseño de las prótesis. No obstante, la realización de prótesis dentales a partir de modelos digitales obtenidos por medio de escáneres intraorales no resulta de forma inmediata o, dicho de otra forma, no se reduce a las fases 1 a 4 anteriormente mencionadas ni tampoco es siempre necesario colocar implantes dentales. Por ejemplo, lo más habitual es que al paciente, previo a la colocación de la prótesis definitiva sobre implantes o sobre diente natural, se le coloque una prótesis provisional. Dicha prótesis provisional cumple ya con una función estética y masticatoria muy próxima a la de prótesis definitiva, por lo que contiene valiosa información geométrica, morfológica, estética y funcional. These new techniques are based, therefore, on an optimal acquisition of data in order to be able to build as faithfully as possible the digital model of the patient's mouth and plan both the surgery and the design of the prostheses. However, the realization of dental prostheses from digital models obtained by means of intraoral scanners is not immediate or, in other words, it is not reduced to the phases 1 to 4 mentioned above nor is it always necessary to place dental implants . For example, the most common is that the patient, prior to the placement of the definitive prosthesis on implants or on a natural tooth, has a provisional prosthesis. This provisional prosthesis already fulfills an aesthetic and masticatory function very close to that of definitive prosthesis, so it contains valuable geometric, morphological, aesthetic and functional information.
Es decir, que antes de que el paciente tenga su prótesis definitiva es necesario muchas veces obtener primero una prótesis provisional que, colocada bien sobre diente o bien sobre uno o varios implantes, devuelva al paciente la estética y función perdidas y, desde el punto de vista biomecánico, tenga un perfecto ajuste. Por ello, en los casos en los que se cuenta ya con la información obtenida al elaborar la prótesis provisional, podría pensarse que dicha información es suficiente para elaborar la prótesis definitiva directamente a partir de los archivos ya existentes. Sin embargo, lamentablemente esto no es así y no basta con "reutilizar" el archivo digital con la información de la prótesis provisional, pues este archivo es incompleto o erróneo debido a varios factores o circunstancias, entre ellas: That is, before the patient has his definitive prosthesis, it is often necessary to first obtain a provisional prosthesis that, placed either on a tooth or on one or several implants, returns the lost aesthetics and function to the patient and, from the point of Biomechanical view, have a perfect fit. Therefore, in cases where the information obtained when preparing the provisional prosthesis is already available, it could be thought that such information is sufficient to prepare the definitive prosthesis directly from the existing archives. However, unfortunately this is not the case and it is not enough to "reuse" the digital file with the information of the provisional prosthesis, as this file is incomplete or erroneous due to several factors or circumstances, including:
• El archivo utilizado para la fabricación de la prótesis provisional puede no incluir todos los implantes colocados en la cirugía. Es el caso en el que la prótesis provisional se coloca sólo sobre algunos y no todos los implantes.• The file used for the fabrication of the provisional prosthesis may not include all implants placed in the surgery. This is the case in which the provisional prosthesis is placed only on some and not all implants.
Por ejemplo, si existiendo 8 implantes la prótesis provisional se soporta sólo sobre cuatro de ellos; y/o For example, if there are 8 implants, the provisional prosthesis is supported only on four of them; I
• Después de realizada la prótesis provisional, el plan de tratamiento puede haber cambiado y haberse colocado más implantes; y/o • After the provisional prosthesis has been performed, the treatment plan may have changed and more implants have been placed; I
· Desde que se realiza la cirugía inicial y durante los meses posteriores hasta que llega el momento de realizar la prótesis definitiva, continúan los procesos de cicatrización, lo que se traduce en que la morfología inicial de la encía cambia. En todos estos casos, para elaborar una nueva prótesis dental definitiva, es por lo tanto necesario combinar la información de la prótesis provisional (o de una prótesis definitiva anterior o de cualquier otra) con la información del estado actual de la boca del paciente. Es decir, que se deben de proporcionar al software de diseño protético dos archivos diferentes: · From the time the initial surgery is performed and during the subsequent months until it is time to perform the definitive prosthesis, healing processes continue, which translates into the initial gum morphology changes. In all these cases, in order to develop a new definitive dental prosthesis, it is therefore necessary to combine the information of the provisional prosthesis (or of a previous definitive prosthesis or of any other) with the information of the current state of the patient's mouth. That is, two different files must be provided to the prosthetic design software:
- Un archivo con la información digital proveniente del escaneo de la boca del paciente con la prótesis provisional o definitiva antigua de la que se quiere copiar su morfología y posición en la boca del paciente; y - A file with digital information from the scanning of the patient's mouth with the old provisional or definitive prosthesis from which you want to copy your morphology and position in the patient's mouth; Y
- Un archivo con la información digital proveniente del escaneo de la boca del paciente sin prótesis alguna con el fin de obtener datos exactos y actualizados de la morfología de la boca, encía, piezas restantes, colocación exacta de los implantes, etc. - A file with digital information from the scanning of the patient's mouth without any prosthesis in order to obtain accurate and updated data on the morphology of the mouth, gum, remaining parts, exact placement of the implants, etc.
Posteriormente, entregados ambos archivos al software de diseño protético, el sistema o programa informático combinará o alineará las imágenes contenidas en ambos con el fin de conseguir un ajuste óptimo "best-fit" entre ellos, con el que posteriormente crear la prótesis definitiva. Esta alineación de los archivos, también denominada "best - fit" se basa en la búsqueda de puntos en común entre las imágenes obtenidas mediante el escáner de forma que el sistema pueda alinearlas o superponerlas o, utilizando el término inglés, que el sistema realice el pegado o cosido "Stiching/matching" de las imágenes para componer la imagen completa final. Estos puntos en común pueden ser piezas dentales, los propios implantes o partes de los implantes, etc. Subsequently, delivered both files to the prosthetic design software, the computer system or program will combine or align the images contained in both in order to achieve an optimal "best-fit" adjustment between them, with which to subsequently create the definitive prosthesis. This alignment of the files, also called "best - fit" is based on the search for points in common between the images obtained by the scanner so that the system can align or overlap them or, using the English term, that the system performs the "Stiching / matching" of the images to compose the final complete image. These points in common can be dental pieces, the implants themselves or parts of the implants, etc.
Sin embargo, los desarrollos software de diseño protético dental actuales no pueden realizar dicha alineación si no cuentan con un número suficiente de puntos de referencia geométricos comunes en las dos imágenes obtenidas mediante el escaneo de la boca del paciente. Esto es debido, principalmente, a que las zonas de la boca del paciente no cuentan con zonas geométricas con información suficiente para que el sistema pueda discriminar entre ellos y obtener así puntos de referencia para realizar dicha alineación o pegado, obteniendo una imagen virtual final distorsionada. However, current dental prosthetic design software developments cannot perform such alignment if they do not have a sufficient number of common geometric reference points in the two images obtained by scanning the patient's mouth. This is mainly due to the fact that the areas of the patient's mouth do not have geometric areas with sufficient information so that the system can discriminate between them and thus obtain reference points to perform said alignment or gluing, obtaining a distorted final virtual image .
Ante este problema, la única posibilidad sería la de realizar dicha alineación manualmente, es decir, interviniendo en el proceso de alineación de las imágenes y forzando la alineación de las mismas señalando sobre la pantalla o el interfaz gráfico correspondiente dichos puntos de referencia. Esto, evidentemente, resulta absolutamente impreciso y daría como resultado una prótesis definitiva muy deficiente, lo que resultaría fatal de cara a la adaptación biomecánica de la misma en la boca del paciente, generándole molestias y/o problemas que muy probablemente obligarían a una repetición de todo el proceso. Otra opción es la de recurrir a los métodos tradicionales de toma de impresión y la utilización de escáneres de laboratorio según la técnica ya conocida y empleada hasta ahora, que como ya se comentó, adolece de serios problemas de falta de precisión. In the face of this problem, the only possibility would be to perform said alignment manually, that is, by intervening in the process of aligning the images and forcing the alignment of the images, indicating said reference points on the screen or the corresponding graphic interface. This, of course, is absolutely inaccurate and would result in a very poor definitive prosthesis, which would be fatal in the face of the biomechanical adaptation of the same in the patient's mouth, causing discomfort and / or problems that would most likely force a repeat of the whole process. Another option is to resort to traditional methods of printing and the use of laboratory scanners according to the technique already known and used so far, which, as already mentioned, suffers from serious problems of lack of precision.
Dejando a un lado esa importante merma en la precisión, el hecho de no poder utilizar la información digital ya obtenida en la elaboración de la prótesis provisional implica, por un lado, que aquel trabajo realizado previamente no pueda aprovecharse y, por otro, que será necesario partir de cero en el diseño protético. En ambos casos ello implica que tanto el costo como la duración del tratamiento se verán incrementados, lo que repercutirá negativamente en los pacientes y en la calidad y competitividad del servicio odontológico prestado. Leaving aside that important decrease in accuracy, the fact of not being able to use the digital information already obtained in the elaboration of the provisional prosthesis implies, on the one hand, that previously performed work cannot be used and, on the other, that it will be necessary to start from scratch in the prosthetic design. In both cases this implies that both the cost and the duration of the treatment will be increased, which will have a negative impact on the patients and the quality and competitiveness of the dental service provided.
Un caso concreto de aplicación en donde sería especialmente útil poder trasladar toda la información de la prótesis provisional a la definitiva sería en el que para la finalización protética se elija una prótesis en material monolítico, es decir, en un solo bloque y de un solo material, por ejemplo circonio. En dichos casos, sería muy útil poder obtener dicha prótesis directamente a partir de la provisional sin necesidad de realizar ninguna otra manipulación, es decir, obtener la pieza final ya directamente de la fresadora, sin necesidad de tener que volver a trabajar o mecanizar la pieza de nuevo para realizar los ajustes que no se contemplaron en el diseño previo a su fabricación. A specific case of application where it would be especially useful to be able to transfer all the information of the provisional prosthesis to the definitive one would be in which for the prosthetic finalization a prosthesis is chosen in monolithic material, that is, in a single block and of a single material , for example zirconium. In such cases, it would be very useful to be able to obtain said prosthesis directly from the provisional one without the need to perform any other manipulation, that is, to obtain the final piece already directly from the milling machine, without having to rework or mechanize the piece again to make adjustments that were not contemplated in the design prior to its manufacture.
Este problema operativo supone por lo tanto el no poder combinar de forma automática (por medio de un software) la información digital obtenida a partir de escaneos intraorales de la boca del paciente con y sin la prótesis existente, de cara a obtener una nueva prótesis definitiva con información tanto de la parte visible o estética de dicha prótesis provisional como de la zona de unión entre la misma y la boca del paciente (implantes, encía, etc.), es decir, de la morfología de la boca del paciente. This operational problem therefore means that the digital information obtained from intraoral scans of the patient's mouth with and without the existing prosthesis cannot be combined automatically (through software), in order to obtain a new definitive prosthesis with information on both the visible or aesthetic part of said provisional prosthesis and the area of union between it and the patient's mouth (implants, gum, etc.), that is, the morphology of the patient's mouth.
Dicho problema, además, no se limita a los casos en los que ya se cuenta de antemano con un archivo digital de dicha prótesis provisional. Es decir, que habrá ocasiones en las que la prótesis existente, sea provisional o definitiva pero obsoleta o ya no válida, se haya obtenido por medios convencionales no digitales. De cara a realizar una nueva prótesis, bien porque se hayan realizado más implantes, bien porque se quiere realizar un cambio de material, etc., dicha prótesis antigua también tendrá información valiosa que deberá incorporarse a la nueva prótesis. This problem, moreover, is not limited to cases in which a digital file of said provisional prosthesis is already available in advance. That is to say, there will be occasions when the existing prosthesis, whether provisional or definitive but obsolete or no longer valid, has been obtained by conventional non-digital means. In order to perform a new prosthesis, either because more implants have been performed, or because a change of material is desired, etc., said old prosthesis will also have valuable information that must be incorporated into the new prosthesis.
Es más, podría darse el caso de que la información en la que se quiere basar la prótesis definitiva sea incluso la propia dentadura del paciente. En dichas ocasiones, deberá crearse desde cero el archivo digital de la boca del paciente con la prótesis provisional o antigua en la que se quiere basar la nueva colocada, para lo que se utilizaría el escáner intraoral. Moreover, it could be the case that the information on which the definitive prosthesis is to be based is even the patient's own denture. On these occasions, the digital file of the patient's mouth must be created from scratch with the provisional or old prosthesis on which the new one is to be based, for which the intraoral scanner would be used.
No obstante, una vez obtenido dicho archivo digital y también el de la boca del paciente sin prótesis, aparecería el problema antes comentado de la imposibilidad de combinar ambas imágenes de forma automática mediante software por la ausencia de puntos geométricos comunes en ambas imágenes. However, once said digital file was obtained and also that of the patient's mouth without prostheses, the above-mentioned problem would appear of the impossibility of combining both images automatically by software due to the absence of common geometric points in both images.
Por lo tanto, con el fin de obtener un resultado óptimo en términos de precisión y disminuir costos y tiempo en la elaboración de prótesis dentales, se hace necesario un método que permita aprovechar las ventajas de los desarrollos software a partir de imágenes digitales obtenidas a partir de escáneres intraorales. Therefore, in order to obtain an optimal result in terms of precision and reduce costs and time in the development of dental prostheses, a method is necessary to take advantage of software developments from digital images obtained from of intraoral scanners.
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
El método para la obtención de prótesis dentales definitivas dentro de un tratamiento odontológico de la presente invención soluciona los problemas anteriormente citados del estado de la técnica y además se constituye como un método de trabajo versátil adaptable a cada usuario, con un elevado grado de precisión y un costo y tiempo mínimos. Así, el método de la invención establece un nuevo protocolo odontológico para la elaboración de prótesis dentales definitivas a partir de archivos de imagen de la boca del paciente obtenidos mediante escáneres intraorales. The method for obtaining definitive dental prostheses within a dental treatment of the present invention solves the aforementioned problems of the prior art and also constitutes a versatile working method adaptable to each user, with a high degree of precision and a minimum cost and time. Thus, the method of the invention establishes a new dental protocol for the elaboration of definitive dental prostheses from image files of the patient's mouth obtained by intraoral scanners.
Concretamente, el método de la invención consiste en la colocación de uno o varios elementos geométricamente significativos en el maxilar del paciente de forma que los diferentes archivos digitales, obtenidos mediante un escáner intraoral mientras se encuentra colocado dicho elemento geométricamente significativo, puedan alinearse digitalmente y combinar la información contenida en ellos para diseñar y posteriormente fabricar la prótesis definitiva. Más concretamente, el método para la obtención de prótesis dentales definitivas de la presente invención cuenta con los pasos de: i. Colocar un elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos en el maxilar del paciente cuando éste tiene colocada la prótesis provisional que se desea copiar total o parcialmente, Specifically, the method of the invention consists in placing one or more geometrically significant elements in the patient's jaw so that the different digital files, obtained by an intraoral scanner while said geometrically significant element is placed, can be digitally aligned and combined. the information contained in them to design and subsequently manufacture the definitive prosthesis. More specifically, the method for obtaining definitive dentures of the present invention has the steps of: i. Place a geometrically significant element or elements in the patient's jaw when he or she has placed the temporary prosthesis that you want to copy totally or partially,
¡i. Realizar uno o varios escaneos mediante un escáner intraoral obteniendo un archivo o grupo de archivos digitales E1. I. Perform one or more scans using an intraoral scanner to obtain a file or group of digital E1 files.
Ni. Retirar la prótesis provisional. Neither. Remove the provisional prosthesis.
iv. Manteniendo en la misma posición el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos realizar un nuevo o nuevos escaneos mediante el escáner intraoral obteniendo un archivo o grupo de archivos digitales E2. iv. Keeping the geometrically significant element or elements in the same position, perform a new or new scan using the intraoral scanner, obtaining an E2 digital file or group of files.
v. Procesar digitalmente los archivos E1 y E2 para realizar su alineación y crear un archivo de trabajo digital que comprende toda la información necesaria para el diseño y fabricación de la prótesis definitiva. v. Digitally process the E1 and E2 files to perform their alignment and create a digital work file that includes all the information necessary for the design and manufacture of the final prosthesis.
Es decir, que una vez obtenidos los diferentes archivos digitales E1 y E2 de la boca del paciente con el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos colocados, ya es posible relacionar o alinear dichos archivos mediante las herramientas de software disponibles, superponiéndolos o alineándolos (realizando su "best-fit"), creando así un archivo de trabajo digital que comprende toda la información necesaria para que el protésico pueda diseñar la prótesis definitiva y posteriormente ésta pueda fabricarse con la máxima precisión posible. That is, once the different digital files E1 and E2 from the patient's mouth have been obtained with the geometrically significant element or elements placed, it is already possible to relate or align said files using the available software tools, superimposing or aligning them (realizing their " best-fit "), thus creating a digital work file that includes all the necessary information so that the prosthetic can design the definitive prosthesis and then it can be manufactured as accurately as possible.
El elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos podrán retirarse una vez realizado el paso iv descrito anteriormente. The geometrically significant element or elements may be removed once step iv described above has been performed.
Al hilo de lo anterior, es necesario aclarar que debe entenderse como prótesis provisional a cualquier tipo de prótesis parcial o completa y obtenida por cualquier medio, que contenga información de la boca del paciente y de la cual se desee copiar información de cara a realizar una prótesis definitiva. Así, ejemplos de dichas prótesis provisionales puede ser coronas, puentes o prótesis completas fijadas tanto sobre diente natural como sobre implantes. De la misma forma, en la presente invención se entiende por prótesis definitiva no sólo aquella cuyo objetivo es quedar fijada de forma más o menos definitiva a la boca del paciente, sino a cualesquiera otras, sean definitivas o no, que se elaboren a partir de información de otras prótesis o elementos ya existentes en combinación con la composición y morfología actualizada de la boca del paciente, por ejemplo prótesis con estructura interna metálica (por ejemplo circonio) o plástica (por ejemplo resinas curables tipo PIC) recubiertas por otro material, o prótesis monobloque realizadas en un material monolítico (por ejemplo circonio o ceráminca), prótesis unitarias a maxilar completo, etc. In line with the foregoing, it is necessary to clarify that any type of partial or complete prosthesis should be understood as provisional prosthesis and obtained by any means, containing information from the patient's mouth and from which it is desired to copy information in order to perform a definitive prosthesis Thus, examples of said provisional prostheses may be crowns, bridges or complete prostheses fixed both on natural teeth and on implants. In the same way, in the present invention, definitive prosthesis is understood not only that whose objective is to be fixed more or less definitively to the patient's mouth, but to any others, whether final or not, that are elaborated from information of other prostheses or elements already existing in combination with the updated composition and morphology of the patient's mouth, for example prostheses with internal metal structure (for example zirconium) or plastic (for example curable resins type PIC) coated by another material, or monobloc prostheses made of a monolithic material (for example zirconium or cerminal), unitary prostheses to full jaw, etc.
En cuanto a aplicaciones odontológicas concretas en donde el método de la invención es especialmente útil y proporciona todas las ventajas anteriormente indicadas pueden citarse, por ejemplo, las siguientes: a) Encerados diagnósti As for specific dental applications where the method of the invention is especially useful and provides all the advantages indicated above, for example, the following can be cited: a) Diagnostic waxes
El término "encerado diagnóstico" es con el que se conoce a una técnica por la que se planifican las reconstrucciones estéticas de los dientes (por ejemplo las carillas) y que comporta la confección de un molde completo de las arcadas dentales para poder construir las piezas teniendo en cuenta sus dimensiones, forma, huecos adyacentes, etc. The term "diagnostic waxing" is the one known to a technique by which the aesthetic reconstructions of the teeth (for example veneers) are planned and which involves making a complete mold of the dental arches to be able to build the pieces taking into account its dimensions, shape, adjacent holes, etc.
Más concretamente, este encerado de material que endurece en boca (composite) se le coloca al paciente sobre sus dientes para poder "esculpirlos", mostrándole momentáneamente cuál sería el resultado final. Si al paciente le gusta el resultado entonces se procede a colocar el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos y a escanear su boca mediante un escáner intraoral para obtener el archivo o archivos digitales E1 siguiendo el método de la invención. More specifically, this waxing of material that hardens in the mouth (composite) is placed on the patient's teeth to be able to "sculpt" them, momentarily showing what the final result would be. If the patient likes the result then they proceed to place the geometrically significant element or elements and scan their mouth using an intraoral scanner to obtain the E1 digital file or files following the method of the invention.
A continuación, sin quitar el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos se tallan los dientes del paciente para reducir su tamaño y colocar sobre ellos la prótesis, carillas, etc. y, una vez acabado dicho tallado, se vuelve a escanear la boca del paciente para obtener el archivo o archivos digitales E2. Then, without removing the geometrically significant element or elements, the patient's teeth are carved to reduce their size and place on them the prosthesis, veneers, etc. and, once finished carving, the patient's mouth is scanned again to obtain the E2 digital file or files.
Así, gracias a la presencia del elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos la herramienta de software podrá combinar dichos archivos digitales E1 y E2 de forma que la prótesis creada a partir de ellas, definitiva o no, tenga por su cara exterior la apariencia estética deseada por el paciente y por su interior la forma adecuada para que se acople a los dientes tallados del paciente. Restauración con implantes. Thus, thanks to the presence of the geometrically significant element or elements, the software tool can combine said digital files E1 and E2 so that the prosthesis created from them, definitive or not, has the aesthetic appearance desired by the external face. patient and inside the appropriate form to fit the carved teeth of the patient. Restoration with implants.
Se trata éste de un caso típico en el que el paciente cuenta con una prótesis (provisional o definitiva antigua) de la cual es necesario copiar su morfología. En ese caso, siguiendo el método de la invención, con dicha prótesis colocada se procede a colocar sobre el maxilar el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos y a escanear su boca mediante un escáner intraoral para obtener el archivo o archivos digitales E1. This is a typical case in which the patient has a prosthesis (temporary or permanent old) from which it is necessary to copy their morphology. In that case, following the method of the invention, with said prosthesis placed, the geometrically significant element or elements are placed on the maxilla and its mouth is scanned by an intraoral scanner to obtain the E1 digital file or files.
Posteriormente, retirada la prótesis a copiar pero sin quitar el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos, se colocan los denominados aditamentos de localización espacial o "sean bodies" que marcan el lugar donde se encuentran los implantes y/o se colocan nuevos implantes cuya posición es también marcada por otros "sean bodies" para a continuación volver a escanear la boca del paciente para obtener el archivo o archivos digitales E2. Subsequently, the prosthesis to be copied is removed but without removing the geometrically significant element or elements, the so-called spatial location attachments or "bodies" are placed that mark the place where the implants are located and / or new implants are placed whose position is also marked by other "sean bodies" and then scan the patient's mouth again to obtain the E2 digital file or files.
A continuación, gracias a la presencia del elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos la herramienta de software podrá alinear o combinar dichos archivos digitales E1 y E2 de forma que la prótesis creada a partir de ellas, definitiva o no, tenga por su cara exterior la apariencia y morfología de la prótesis que se quería copiar y por su parte inferior, destinada al acoplamiento con la boca del paciente, la forma adecuada para que se acople a los implantes dentales antiguos y/o nuevos. c) Transferencia de una prótesis completa. Then, thanks to the presence of the geometrically significant element or elements, the software tool can align or combine said digital files E1 and E2 so that the prosthesis created from them, definitive or not, has the appearance and appearance Morphology of the prosthesis that was to be copied and for its lower part, intended for coupling with the patient's mouth, the appropriate way to fit the old and / or new dental implants. c) Transfer of a complete prosthesis.
En este tipo de aplicaciones, lo que se pretende es transferir la información de una prótesis completa (dentadura completa) para incorporar esta información en el flujo de trabajo digital. Para ello se fija en el maxilar del paciente el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos y a continuación se procede a escanear su boca mediante un escáner intraoral para obtener el archivo o archivos digitales E1. A continuación se retira la prótesis completa y se vuelve a escanear la boca del paciente para obtener el archivo o archivos digitales E2. In this type of applications, what is intended is to transfer the information of a complete prosthesis (complete denture) to incorporate this information into the digital workflow. To do this, the geometrically significant element or elements are fixed in the patient's jaw and then proceed to scan his mouth using an intraoral scanner to obtain the E1 digital file or files. The entire prosthesis is then removed and the patient's mouth is scanned again to obtain the E2 digital file or files.
Como en los casos anteriores, una vez se dispone de los archivos digitales E1 y E2, se entregan a la herramienta software para, mediante su alineación y combinación, obtener un archivo de trabajo digital a partir del cual diseñar y fabricar la prótesis definitiva. As in the previous cases, once the digital files E1 and E2 are available, they are delivered to the software tool to, by means of their alignment and combination, obtain a digital work file from which to design and manufacture the definitive prosthesis.
Por lo tanto, el método de la invención permite realizar el alineado o "best fit" de las diferentes imágenes obtenidas mediante el escáner intraoral, pues el software cuenta con la presencia en el mismo lugar del elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos que relacionan todas ellas, permitiendo así mezclar, fusionar o alinear los diferentes archivos digitales. Therefore, the method of the invention allows for the alignment or "best fit" of the different images obtained by the intraoral scanner, since the software has the presence in the same place of the geometrically significant element or elements that relate all of them, thus allowing to mix, merge or align the different digital files.
Realización preferente de la invención A la vista de la invención anteriormente descrita, a continuación se describe un ejemplo de realización de la misma. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In view of the invention described above, an exemplary embodiment thereof is described below.
Concretamente, según un ejemplo de realización del método para la obtención de prótesis dentales definitivas de la presente invención cuenta con los pasos de: i. Colocar un elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos en el maxilar del paciente, preferiblemente en su zona vestibular, cuando éste tiene colocada, bien sobre dientes naturales o bien sobre implantes la prótesis provisional que se desea copiar total o parcialmente. Dicho elemento o elementos geométricos significativos podrán estar formados por cualquier elemento que tenga grabada o impresa una figura o marca geométrica de cualquier tipo, idealmente con al menos tres puntos, por ejemplo un triángulo. Specifically, according to an embodiment of the method for obtaining definitive dentures of the present invention, it has the steps of: i. Place a geometrically significant element or elements in the patient's jaw, preferably in his vestibular area, when he has placed, on natural teeth or on implants, the provisional prosthesis that you want to copy totally or partially. Said significant geometric element or elements may be formed by any element having a geometric figure or mark of any type engraved or printed, ideally with at least three points, for example a triangle.
Por otro lado, dichos elementos geométricos significativos se sitúan sobre el maxilar del paciente de forma removible para que, por un lado, se puedan colocar y retirar fácilmente pero que, por otro lado, aseguren su fijación y eviten su movimiento accidental durante el tiempo que están colocados. Por ejemplo utilizando pegamentos de uso médico u hospitalario. On the other hand, said significant geometric elements are placed on the patient's jaw removably so that, on the one hand, they can be easily placed and removed but, on the other hand, ensure their fixation and prevent accidental movement during the time that They are placed. For example using glue for medical or hospital use.
Realizar uno o varios escaneos mediante un escáner intraoral obteniendo un archivo o grupo de archivos digitales E1. Perform one or more scans using an intraoral scanner to obtain a file or group of digital E1 files.
Dichos escaneos preferiblemente se realizan sobre el maxilar a tratar, su antagonista y ambos en oclusión, con el fin de que queden recogidas las principales posiciones. Said scans are preferably performed on the maxilla to be treated, its antagonist and both in occlusion, so that the main positions are collected.
Retirar la prótesis provisional. Remove the provisional prosthesis.
Manteniendo en la misma posición el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos, se procede a, si fuese necesario, realizar los trabajos necesarios, por ejemplo colocar nuevos implantes y los aditamentos de localización o "sean - bodies" tanto en los antiguos implantes como en los nuevos, etc. para a continuación realizar un nuevo o nuevos escaneos mediante el escáner intraoral obteniendo un archivo o grupo de archivos digitales E2. Maintaining the geometrically significant element or elements in the same position, we proceed to, if necessary, perform the necessary work, for example, placing new implants and location attachments or "sean - bodies" both in the old implants and in the new ones , etc. to then perform a new or new scan using the intraoral scanner to obtain a file or group of digital E2 files.
Estos nuevos escaneos, se realizarán por lo tanto sobre la boca del paciente para obtener imágenes tanto de las encías y los dientes existentes como de los implantes (con sus propios aditamentos de localización espacial o "sean - bodies") que soportaban dicha prótesis a copiar y/o que soportarán la prótesis definitiva, el perfil de emergencia, etc. These new scans will therefore be carried out on the patient's mouth to obtain images of both the gums and the existing teeth and the implants (with their own spatial location attachments or "sean - bodies") that supported said prosthesis to be copied and / or that will support the definitive prosthesis, the emergency profile, etc.
Preferentemente, como en el paso anterior, los escaneos se realizan sobre el maxilar a tratar, su antagonista y ambos en oclusión, con el fin de que queden recogidas las principales posiciones. Preferably, as in the previous step, the scans are performed on the maxilla to be treated, its antagonist and both in occlusion, so that the main positions are collected.
Una vez realizado este nuevo o nuevos escaneos, ya se puede retirar el elemento o elementos geométricamente significativos. Once this new or new scans have been completed, the geometrically significant element or elements can be removed.
Procesar digitalmente los archivos E1 y E2 para realizar su alineación y crear un archivo de trabajo digital que comprende toda la información necesaria para el diseño y fabricación de la prótesis definitiva. Digitally process the E1 and E2 files to perform their alignment and create a digital work file that includes all the necessary information for the design and manufacture of the definitive prosthesis.
Dicho de otro modo, finalmente se procede a enviar los archivos digitales E1 y E2 al software de diseño de prótesis. El que dichos archivos tengan todos en común los elementos geométricamente significativos en la posición, ya que durante el escaneado intaroral no se ha modificado, permite al técnico de laboratorio superponer los archivos y mediante un "best-fit" o alineación trabajar con ellos de forma exacta y validada en un entorno totalmente digital, lo que le permite copiar perfectamente la estética, morfología y función que aportan los archivos digitales E1 sobre la información del maxilar y la posición espacial de los implantes que aportan los archivos digitales E2. In other words, the digital files E1 and E2 are finally sent to the prosthesis design software. The fact that these files all have in common the geometrically significant elements in the position, since during the intaroral scan has not been modified, allows the laboratory technician to superimpose the files and by means of a "best-fit" or alignment work with them in a way accurate and validated in a fully digital environment, which allows you to perfectly copy the aesthetics, morphology and function provided by the E1 digital files on the information of the jaw and the spatial position of the implants provided by the E2 digital files.
Concretamente, dicha alineación se realiza gracias a que el software de laboratorio realiza una comparación de los archivos E1 y E2 gracias a los puntos en común que aportan los elementos geométricamente significativos, tres si se trata de una figura geométrica triangular, se encuentran en la misma posición, lo que sirve de referencia al software de que puede superponer las geometrías y, por extensión, las imágenes obtenidas durante los escaneos intraorales, produciendo el alineado de los mismos. Specifically, this alignment is carried out thanks to the fact that the laboratory software makes a comparison of the E1 and E2 files thanks to the common points provided by the geometrically significant elements, three if it is a triangular geometric figure, they are in it position, which serves as a reference to the software that can superimpose the geometries and, by extension, the images obtained during intraoral scans, producing their alignment.
Claims
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| PCT/ES2016/070858 WO2018100211A2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Method for obtaining final dental prostheses based on images obtained by means of an intraoral scanner |
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| PCT/ES2016/070858 WO2018100211A2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Method for obtaining final dental prostheses based on images obtained by means of an intraoral scanner |
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