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WO2018184384A1 - 一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机 - Google Patents

一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018184384A1
WO2018184384A1 PCT/CN2017/108629 CN2017108629W WO2018184384A1 WO 2018184384 A1 WO2018184384 A1 WO 2018184384A1 CN 2017108629 W CN2017108629 W CN 2017108629W WO 2018184384 A1 WO2018184384 A1 WO 2018184384A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
garbage
chamber
auger
fermentation
integrated machine
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/108629
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钱海荣
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Suzhou Meisheng Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Suzhou Meisheng Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Suzhou Meisheng Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Suzhou Meisheng Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2018184384A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018184384A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
    • B09B3/65—Anaerobic treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/14—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with only one screw or worm

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of garbage disposal equipment, in particular to a waste biochemical treatment integrated machine.
  • the garbage disposal device is mainly used for post-processing after the preliminary pulverization of the garbage, so that the garbage can be better discharged to the outside world.
  • the Chinese invention patent "a kitchen waste biochemical treatment integrated machine”, whose application number is 201320649286.7, discloses a casing, a garbage collection device, a water-water separation device and a drying decomposition device; the garbage collection device includes a garbage dumping mechanism and sorting Platform; the drying decomposition device comprises a decomposition mixing barrel and a suction structure; a garbage dumping mechanism is arranged on one side of the casing; a sorting platform is arranged on the top of the casing; the oil-water separation device, the decomposition mixing drum and the suction mechanism are all located in the casing
  • the internal sorting platform is respectively connected with the oil-water separation device and the decomposition mixing tank; the decomposition mixing barrel is provided with a fermentation strain; the suction mechanism is connected with the decomposition mixing tank through the air duct; and the garbage dumping mechanism is
  • the device mainly performs the fermentation treatment of the garbage in the holding structure, and the normal temperature fermentation method causes the temperature to be stimulated, and the bad smell is caused for a long time. Moreover, this structure causes incomplete fermentation and poor decomposition.
  • the technical problem mainly solved by the invention is to provide a garbage biochemical treatment integrated machine, which solves the problem that the garbage smashing treatment is incomplete, the garbage discharge is not smooth, and the garbage fermentation odor is large.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a garbage biochemical treatment integrated machine. After the garbage bin is turned over along a fixed track, the garbage in the barrel is sorted and sent to the crushing chamber, and the garbage falls vertically in the crushing chamber.
  • the layered cutter inside is pulverized; the pulverizing chamber is connected to the skein barrel of the dewatering auger; the dehydration The auger squeezes the garbage residue into the filter bucket; the squeezed dry garbage block is pushed out by the dewatering auger and crushed by the disengaging mechanism; the disengagement mechanism includes a motor-driven rotary dial; the fragmented garbage is
  • the feeding auger is sent to the fermentation chamber; the heating chamber is provided with a heating coil, a fan and a stirring shaft; the fan is blown to the heating coil, and the hot air is blown to the garbage in the fermentation chamber; the stirring shaft is arranged in the fermentation chamber Inside, the bearing end cover at both ends of the stirring shaft is further provided with a packing, and a stirring plate for easy disassembly is mounted on the stirring shaft.
  • the dumping frame is fitted with the dumping frame; the dumping frame is raised along the trajectory of the turning track by the cylinder pushing and dumping to the sorting platform;
  • the picking platform is provided with a cover plate opened by the cylinder top lift; the bottom outlet of the sorting platform leads to the crushing chamber; the bottom of the crushing chamber is provided with a funnel-shaped discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the dewatering port.
  • the dewatering auger runs through the filter bucket to the disengagement mechanism; the filter bucket is in communication with the material chamber of the disengagement mechanism, the rotary dial is fixed in the material cavity;
  • the bottom of the feeder communicates with the auger of the auger; the auger of the feeding auger leads to the fermentation chamber.
  • the disengagement mechanism includes the material chamber, the rotary dial, and a disengagement motor; the disengagement motor is fixed on an outer wall of the material chamber; and the rotary dial is set on the rotating shaft.
  • the rotating shaft is driven by a dissipating motor; the trajectory of the rotating dial intersects with the feeding trajectory of the dewatering auger.
  • the auger cylinder of the feed auger is connected at one end to the bottom of the chamber and at the other end to the top of the fermentation chamber.
  • the fermentation chamber is a barrel-shaped cavity;
  • the stirring shaft is horizontally erected in the fermentation chamber, and both ends of the stirring shaft are fixed to the wall of the fermentation chamber through a ball bearing;
  • a sealing ring is disposed between the shoulder and the ball bearing; and
  • the disc is disposed between the shoulder and the bearing end cover
  • the heating coil is fixed to the top of the fermentation chamber; the fan is disposed between the heating coil and the top wall of the fermentation chamber.
  • the layered cutter is installed in the pulverizing chamber, and the inner wall of the pulverizing chamber is provided with a convex cutting head;
  • the layered cutter comprises a plurality of multi-layer cutters arranged coaxially, each layer of the cutter head Both are hinged with blades;
  • the blade rotates around its hinge point;
  • the outer edge track of the blade extends out of the outer edge of the cutter head;
  • the cutter heads adjacent to the next layer are vertically arranged according to the increasing outer diameter of the cutter head, outside the blade on the layer-by-layer cutterhead
  • the edge trajectory is also gradually increased;
  • the position between the blades on the adjacent two layers of the cutter disc corresponds to a layer of cutter head on the inner wall of the pulverization chamber;
  • the squeegee is coaxially mounted on the lower side of the layered cutter head group.
  • the utility model further comprises an exhaust gas purifying device, which comprises a tank body, a filter tube group and an exhaust fan; the tank body is partitioned into an air passage which spirals back and forth in an up and down direction; and a filter tube group is arranged in the air passage;
  • the tube group is composed of a plurality of filter tubes arranged in parallel; the axial direction of the filter tube is parallel to the flow direction of the gas; an exhaust fan is arranged on the box body; the wind direction generated by the exhaust fan is perpendicular to the axial direction of the filter tube;
  • the bottom of the body is further provided with a dust-proof groove; liquid water is added to the dust-proof groove; and the air channel flows through the liquid water of the dust-proof groove at a winding direction from the bottom to the top.
  • the dump bucket comprises a bracket, a guide wheel and an auxiliary discharge port;
  • the bracket comprises a front unit and a rear unit; the top of the front unit fixes the auxiliary discharge port; and the bottom of the rear unit is provided with a trash can a pallet;
  • a spring is provided between the front unit and the rear unit to cause relative sliding of the front unit and the rear unit; the front unit and the rear unit that slide relative to each other cause the auxiliary discharge port and the tray to be clamped in the trash can;
  • the guide wheel is provided; the dump frame is moved on the inverting track by the guide wheel.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the garbage biochemical treatment integrated machine is provided, and the garbage is gradually processed to achieve the purpose of final secondary utilization. It involves the steps of garbage sorting, crushing, de-drying, fermentation, etc., and can utilize the cooperation relationship between structure and structure for garbage disposal. In particular, during the transportation and fermentation process of garbage, the structural design is increased, so that the garbage does not stick, and the method of hot air catalytic fermentation is used to reduce the odor emission during the garbage fermentation process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a garbage biochemical treatment integrated machine of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view showing the structure of the garbage biochemical processing integrated machine
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural connection diagram of a garbage biochemical processing integrated machine
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pulverizing chamber and the layered cutter
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a dewatering auger and a filter bucket
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the disengagement mechanism
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the fermentation chamber
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the end of the agitating shaft
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a flip track and a dump bucket
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of an exhaust gas purifying device
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an exhaust gas purifying device
  • embodiments of the present invention include:
  • a garbage biochemical treatment integrated machine including a reversing track 10, a dumping frame 11, a sorting platform 9, a crushing chamber 1, a layered cutter 2, a dewatering auger 3, a filter bucket 4, a dislodging mechanism 5, a feeding auger 6 , fermentation chamber 7 and exhaust gas purification device 8.
  • the trash can is placed on the dump bucket 11 and the dump bucket 11 can be tilted up and down along the flip rail 10.
  • the flip rail 10 leads to the sorting platform 9, and the trash can is fixed along the flip rail 10 After the track is overturned, the garbage in the barrel is poured into the sorting platform 9, and the garbage after the preliminary screening is sorted and sent to the crushing chamber 1.
  • the sorting platform 9 is provided with a cover plate that is opened by the cylinder top lift, and the bottom outlet of the sorting platform 9 leads to the crushing chamber 1.
  • the dump bucket 11 includes a bracket, a guide pulley 13, and an auxiliary discharge port 14.
  • An oil cylinder is disposed on the inverting rail 10, and the dump truck 11 is raised and tilted along the locus of the inverting rail 1.
  • a guide wheel 13 is also provided between the bracket and the inverting rail 10, which can reduce the movement resistance and increase the mobility.
  • the bracket includes a front unit 15 and a rear unit 16, and the front and rear units are affixed together to be relatively slidable.
  • the auxiliary unit 14 is fixed to the top of the front unit 15, and the bottom of the unit 16 is provided with a tray 12 for placing the trash can.
  • a spring 17 is disposed between the front unit 15 and the rear unit 16, and the front unit 15 and the rear unit 16 are relatively slid under the action of the elastic force; and the relatively sliding front unit 15 and the rear unit 16 make the auxiliary discharge port 14 and The pallet 12 clamps the trash can.
  • the advantage of this is that the upper edge of the trash can is pressed by the auxiliary discharge port 14, and the garbage can not fall over in the state of standing or dumping; at the same time, the auxiliary discharge port 14 is pressed against the trash can. At the edge, it helps to prevent leakage of garbage during the dumping process.
  • the garbage is pulverized vertically on the layered cutter 2 in the pulverizing chamber 1.
  • This vertical pulverizing structure is dropped by the gravity of the garbage itself, and impinges on the layered cutter 2, thereby improving the pulverizing effect.
  • the layered cutter is mounted in the pulverizing chamber, and the inner wall of the pulverizing chamber 1 is provided with a convex cutting head.
  • the layered cutter 2 includes six coaxial cutters 21 disposed coaxially, and each of the cutterheads 21 is hinged with four blades 22, and the blades 22 are rotated about their hinge points, and the four blades 22 are all located on the same circumference, and the phases are The arc between the two adjacent blades 22 is the same.
  • the outer edge of the blade 22 extends beyond the outer edge of the cutter head 21 such that the blade 22 forms a free sway and the smash of the blade 22 can break the passing debris.
  • the size of the six-layer cutter head 21 is changed, and the cutter heads 21 adjacent to the next layer are vertically arranged in accordance with the increasing outer diameter of the cutter head 21, because the garbage enters the crushing chamber, and is small due to the mixing of different sizes of garbage. The garbage will fall first, and the large pieces of garbage will be crushed by the upper blade 22.
  • the smashing of the same size cutter head 21 is solved, the problem that large-volume garbage is piled up in the upper layer is solved.
  • the size of the cutter head 21 is increased, so that the outer edge of the blade on the layer-by-layer cutter head is also Gradually increasing; this will increase the probability that the garbage will be further shredded.
  • the layered tool 2 is driven by a motor external to the pulverizing chamber.
  • the inner wall of the pulverizing chamber 1 is provided with a convex cutting head 24, and the inner wall of the pulverizing chamber is provided with six rows of cutter heads, and each of the cutter heads is arranged in six vertical rows.
  • the position between the blades on the adjacent two-layer cutter heads corresponds to a layer of cutter heads 24 on the inner wall of the crushing chamber, and the cutter head and the blade cooperate to improve the effect of garbage crushing.
  • the squeegee 23 is coaxially mounted on the underside of the layered tool set.
  • the bottom of the crushing chamber is provided with a funnel-shaped discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the twisted dragon barrel of the dewatering auger.
  • the dewatering auger 3 squeezes the garbage residue into the filter drum 4, and the extruded garbage dry block is pushed out of the filter drum 4 by the dewatering auger 3 and crushed by the disengaging mechanism 5.
  • the disengaging mechanism 5 includes a material chamber 51, a rotary dial 52, and a disengagement motor 53.
  • the disengagement motor 53 is fixed to the outer wall of the chamber 51, and the rotary dial 52 is fitted on the rotating shaft 54, and the rotating shaft 54 is dialed. The motor 53 is driven.
  • the trajectory of the rotating dial 52 intersects with the feeding trajectory of the dewatering auger 3, so that the rotating dial 52 can collide the garbage sent out by the dewatering auger 3 when it is rotated. Because the garbage will be pressed into a block after being dried, and the block-shaped garbage is likely to produce a fibrous-like entangled body after being broken, the garbage is difficult to be excluded; by dragging the dial 52, the impregnated garbage is dialed down to make the garbage It automatically falls into the cavity and is discharged at the bottom of the brewing chamber 51.
  • the bottom of the material chamber 51 communicates with the twisting can of the feeding auger 6, and the twisting can of the feeding auger 6 leads to the fermentation chamber 7.
  • the pieces of garbage are fed into the fermentation chamber 7 by the feeding auger, and one end of the auger barrel of the feeding auger 6 is connected to the bottom of the chamber 51, and the other end is led to the top of the fermentation chamber 7.
  • the fermentation chamber 7 is a barrel-shaped chamber, and the stirring shaft 71 is horizontally mounted in the fermentation chamber 7. Both ends of the agitating shaft 71 are fixed to the wall plate of the fermentation chamber 7 by a ball bearing 72.
  • the agitating shaft 71 is provided with a convex shoulder, and the bearing end cover 73 fixes the ball bearing 72 to the shoulder.
  • a seal ring 74 is disposed between the shoulder and the ball bearing 72, and a packing 75 is disposed between the shoulder and the bearing end cover 73.
  • the packing 75 can increase the sealing effect, especially when some fine particles are easily infiltrated into the bearing end cover when the stirring shaft rotates, which causes an increase in the amount of structural wear, which is disadvantageous for structural maintenance.
  • the heating chamber 7 is provided with a heating coil 76, a fan 77 and a stirring shaft 71, a heating coil 76 is fixed to the top of the fermentation chamber 7.
  • a fan 77 is further disposed between the heating coil 76 and the top wall of the fermentation chamber 7, and the fan 77 is driven by a motor fixed outside the fermentation chamber 7.
  • the fan is blown toward the heating coil, and the hot air is blown to the garbage in the fermentation chamber.
  • This uses hot air to blow, similar to the oven principle, to minimize the odor generated by the fermentation process, while the heat flow is not easy to disperse.
  • a stirring plate 78 which is easy to disassemble is installed on the stirring shaft, and the stirring plate of different requirements can be replaced in time according to the need. The invention solves the problem that the fixing method in the conventional structure is unfavorable replacement and difficult to maintain.
  • the exhaust gas purifying device 8 includes a casing 81, a filter tube group 82, and an exhaust fan 83, and the inside of the casing 81 is partitioned into an air passage that spirals up and down in the vertical direction.
  • the inlet of the air passage is located at the top of the tank 81, and the airflow flows from top to bottom and then turns upward and flows upward to increase the length of the flow passage in a spiral manner.
  • a filter tube group 82 is disposed in the air passage, and the filter tube group 82 is composed of a plurality of filter tubes arranged in parallel.
  • the axial direction of the filter tube is parallel to the flow direction of the gas, and the filter tube is filled with a odor-absorbing filler.
  • a dust compartment 84 is further provided at the bottom of the tank, and liquid water is added to the dust compartment 84.
  • the airflow in the airway is spiraled down to the bottom of the airway, the airflow will flow through the liquid water of the dust-tight tank 84, passing through the liquid water and then flowing from the other direction.
  • the suspended particles in the gas stream can be adsorbed into the water, and some irritating odors dissolved in water can be filtered out, and the airway can be purified.
  • An exhaust fan 83 is provided on the casing, and the wind direction generated by the exhaust fan 83 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the filter pipe.
  • the exhaust fan 83 is provided with two; the two exhaust fans are vertically juxtaposed, and the exhaust fan continuously blows the airflow into the filter tube to perform a certain purifying action, and at the same time, a ventilation port is arranged on the box body to allow air to circulate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，使用时垃圾桶沿固定轨迹翻倒后桶内垃圾被分拣送入粉碎腔（1），垃圾竖直落在粉碎腔（1）内的层状刀具（2）上粉碎；粉碎腔（1）连通脱水绞龙（3）的绞龙筒；脱水绞龙（3）向过滤桶（4）中挤压垃圾残渣；挤压过的垃圾干块被脱水绞龙（3）推出过滤桶（4）并由拨断机构（5）击碎；拨断机构（5）包括电机（53）驱动的转动拨板（52）；碎块垃圾被送料绞龙（6）送入发酵腔（7）；发酵腔（7）内设有加热盘管（76）、风扇（77）和搅拌轴（71）；风扇（77）对准加热盘管（76）吹送，热风被吹向发酵腔（7）中的垃圾；搅拌轴（71）设置于发酵腔（7）内，搅拌轴（71）的两端的轴承端盖（73）内还增设有盘根（75），在搅拌轴（71）上安装有便于拆卸的搅拌板（78）。使用该装置时，垃圾输送和发酵过程中不会粘连，同时利用热风催化发酵的方法，减少了垃圾发酵过程中的气味排放。

Description

一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理设备领域，特别是涉及一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机。
背景技术
垃圾处理装置主要用于将垃圾初步粉碎后在进行后处理，使得垃圾能够更好的排放到外界中去。例如中国发明专利《一种餐厨垃圾生化处理一体机》，其申请号为201320649286.7，公开了包括机壳、垃圾收集装置、油水分离装置和干燥分解装置；垃圾收集装置包括垃圾倾倒机构和分拣平台；干燥分解装置包括分解搅拌桶和吸风结构；机壳的一侧设有垃圾倾倒机构；机壳的顶部设有分拣平台；油水分离装置、分解搅拌桶、吸风机构均位于机壳的内部；分拣平台分别与油水分离装置和分解搅拌桶相连通；分解搅拌桶内设有发酵菌种；吸风机构通过风管与分解搅拌桶连通；垃圾倾倒机构通过导向轨道上配合的上升架将垃圾桶中的垃圾翻倒入分拣平台中。但在实际操作过程中可以发现如下的缺点：该装置主要是将垃圾在盛放结构中进行发酵处理，这种常温发酵方法使得气温刺激，长期会造成恶臭。而且这种结构会造成发酵不彻底，分解效果差。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，解决了垃圾粉碎处理不完全，垃圾排放不顺畅，以及垃圾发酵异味较大的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是提供一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，垃圾桶沿固定轨迹翻倒后桶内垃圾被分拣送入粉碎腔，垃圾竖直落在粉碎腔内的层状刀具上粉碎；粉碎腔连通脱水绞龙的绞龙筒；所述脱水 绞龙向过滤桶中挤压垃圾残渣；挤压过的垃圾干块被脱水绞龙推出过滤桶并由拨断机构击碎；所述拨断机构包括电机驱动的转动拨板；碎块垃圾被送料绞龙送入发酵腔；所述发酵腔内设有加热盘管、风扇和搅拌轴；风扇对准加热盘管吹送，热风被吹向发酵腔中的垃圾；所述搅拌轴设置于发酵腔内，所述搅拌轴的两端的轴承端盖内还增设有盘根，在搅拌轴上安装有便于拆卸的搅拌板。
优选的是，包括通往分拣平台的翻转轨道，在翻转轨道上配合有翻斗架；所述翻斗架在油缸推动下沿着翻转轨道的轨迹上升并向所述分拣平台倾倒；所述分拣平台上设有通过气缸顶升开启的盖板；分拣平台的底部出口通往所述粉碎腔；所述粉碎腔的底部设有漏斗状的出料口，所述出料口连通至脱水绞龙的绞龙筒上；所述脱水绞龙贯穿过滤桶至拨断机构；过滤桶与拨断机构的料腔相连通，所述转动拨板固定于所述料腔内；所述料腔的底部连通送料绞龙的绞龙筒；送料绞龙的绞龙筒通往所述发酵腔。
优选的是，所述拨断机构包括所述料腔、所述转动拨板、拨断电机；所述拨断电机固定于料腔的外壁上；所述转动拨板套装在转动轴上；所述转动轴由拨断电机驱动；所述转动拨板的运动轨迹与脱水绞龙的送料轨迹相交。
优选的是，所述送料绞龙的绞龙筒一端连接在所述料腔的底部，其另一端通往所述发酵腔的顶部。
优选的是，所述发酵腔为桶状腔体；所述搅拌轴水平架设在所述发酵腔中，搅拌轴的两端通过滚珠轴承与发酵腔的壁板固定；所述搅拌轴上设有凸起的轴肩；所述轴承端盖将滚珠轴承与轴肩固定夹紧；所述轴肩与滚珠轴承之间设有密封圈；所述轴肩与轴承端盖之间设有所述盘根；所述发酵腔的顶部固定有所述加热盘管；在加热盘管与发酵腔的顶壁之间设有所述风扇。
优选的是，所述层状刀具安装于粉碎腔内，所述粉碎腔的内壁上设有凸起的刀头；所述层状刀具包括同轴设置的多层刀盘，每层刀盘上均铰接有刀片； 所述刀片绕其铰接点转动；刀片的外缘轨迹延伸出刀盘的外缘；相邻下一层的刀盘按照刀盘外径递增的规律竖直排列，逐层刀盘上的刀片外缘轨迹线也逐渐递增；相邻两层刀盘上的刀片之间位置均对应粉碎腔内壁上的一层刀头；所述刮板同轴安装在层状刀盘组的下侧。
优选的是，还包括尾气净化装置，其包括箱体、滤管组、排气扇；所述箱体内隔断成上下方向来回盘旋的气道；在气道内设有滤管组；所述滤管组由多根滤管平行设置组成；滤管的轴向与气体的流向平行；在箱体上设有排气扇；排气扇产生的风向垂直于滤管的轴向；在所述箱体的底部还设有隔尘槽；所述隔尘槽内添加液态水；所述气道在由下往上弯折盘旋处流经隔尘槽的液态水。
优选的是，所述翻斗架包括托架、导轮和辅助卸料口；所述托架包括前单元和后单元；前单元顶部固定所述辅助卸料口；后单元底部设有放置垃圾桶的托板；前单元和后单元之间设有弹簧使前单元和后单元产生相对滑动；相对滑动的前单元和后单元使辅助卸料口和托板夹住垃圾桶；在托架上还设有所述导轮；翻斗架通过所述导轮在翻转轨道上移动。
本发明的有益效果是：提供一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，通过将垃圾逐步处理，达到最终二次利用的目的。其中涉及了垃圾分类、粉碎、脱干、发酵等步骤，能够利用结构与结构之间的配合关系进行垃圾处理。尤其是垃圾在处理过程中的输送和发酵过程中，增加了结构设计，使得垃圾不会粘连，同时利用热风催化发酵的方法，减少了垃圾发酵过程中的气味排放。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机的结构示意图；
图2是垃圾生化处理综合一体机的结构侧视图；
图3是垃圾生化处理综合一体机的结构连接示意图；
图4是粉碎腔以及层状刀具的结构示意图；
图5是脱水绞龙以及过滤桶的结构示意图；
图6是拨断机构的内部结构示意图；
图7是发酵腔的结构剖视图；
图8是搅拌轴的端头结构剖视图；
图9是翻转轨道以及翻斗架的结构示意图；
图10是尾气净化装置的结构示意图；
图11是尾气净化装置的结构剖视图；
附图中各部件的标记如下：1、粉碎腔；2、层状刀具；3、脱水绞龙；4、过滤桶；5、拨断机构；6、送料绞龙；7、发酵腔；8、尾气净化装置；9、分拣平台；10、翻转轨道；11、翻斗架；12、托板；13、导轮；14、卸料口；15、前单元；16、后单元；17、弹簧；21、刀盘；22、刀片；23、刮板；24、刀头；51、料腔；52、转动拨板；53、拨断电机；54、转动轴；71、搅拌轴；72、滚珠轴承；73、轴承端盖；74、密封圈；75、盘根；76、加热盘管；77、风扇；78、搅拌板；81、箱体；82、滤管组；83、排气扇；84、隔尘槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
请参阅附图1至11，本发明实施例包括：
一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，包括翻转轨道10、翻斗架11、分拣平台9、粉碎腔1、层状刀具2、脱水绞龙3、过滤桶4、拨断机构5、送料绞龙6、发酵腔7和尾气净化装置8。垃圾桶被放置在翻斗架11上，翻斗架11可以沿着翻转轨道10升降倾倒。翻转轨道10通往分拣平台9，垃圾桶沿翻转轨道10的固定 轨迹翻倒后将桶内垃圾倒入分拣平台9，经过初步筛选后的垃圾被分拣送入粉碎腔1。分拣平台9上设有通过气缸顶升开启的盖板，分拣平台9的底部出口通往粉碎腔1。翻斗架11包括托架、导轮13和辅助卸料口14。在翻转轨道10上设置有油缸，翻斗架11在油缸推动下沿着翻转轨道1.的轨迹上升并倾倒。在托架与翻转轨道10之间还设有导轮13，可以减小运动阻力，增加活动性。托架包括前单元15和后单元16，前、后单元贴合在一起可以相对滑动。前单元15顶部固定辅助卸料口14，后单元16底部设有放置垃圾桶的托板12。前单元15和后单元16之间设有弹簧17，在弹性力的作用下，前单元15和后单元16产生相对滑动；而相对滑动的前单元15和后单元16使得辅助卸料口14和托板12夹住垃圾桶。这样的好处是垃圾桶的上缘就会被辅助卸料口14压住，不管是在静置或者倾倒的状态下，垃圾桶都不会翻倒；同时辅助卸料口14压在垃圾桶的边缘时，有利于防止倾倒过程中垃圾渗漏。
垃圾竖直落在粉碎腔1内的层状刀具2上粉碎，这种立式粉碎结构利用垃圾自身重力下坠，撞击在层状刀具2上，提高了粉碎效果。层状刀具安装于粉碎腔内，粉碎腔1的内壁上设有凸起的刀头。层状刀具2组包括同轴设置的六层刀盘21，每层刀盘21上均铰接有四块刀片22，刀片22绕其铰接点转动，四块刀片22均位于同一圆周上，且相邻两块刀片22之间所间隔的弧度相同。刀片22的外缘轨迹延伸出刀盘21的外缘，这样刀片22就形成了一个自由的甩动，刀片22的甩动里可以把经过的垃圾撞击碎。六层刀盘21的尺寸有变化，相邻下一层的刀盘21按照刀盘21外径递增的规律竖直排列，因为当垃圾进入粉碎腔后，由于不同尺寸的垃圾混合，所以细小的垃圾就会先落下，而大块的垃圾会被上层的刀片22击碎。就解决了相同尺寸刀盘21粉碎时，大体积垃圾被堆积在上层的问题。刀盘21尺寸的递增，使得逐层刀盘上的刀片外缘轨迹线也逐 渐递增；这样就会增加垃圾被进一步粉碎的概率。层状刀具2由粉碎腔外部的电机驱动。粉碎腔1的内壁上设有凸起的刀头24，粉碎腔的内壁上设有六列刀头，每列刀头为六块竖直排列。相邻两层刀盘上的刀片之间位置均对应粉碎腔内壁上的一层刀头24，刀头与刀片配合能够提高垃圾粉碎的效果。刮板23同轴安装在层状刀具组的下侧。粉碎腔的底部设有漏斗状的出料口，出料口连通至脱水绞龙的绞龙筒上。
脱水绞龙3的一端由电机驱动，其另一端穿过过滤桶4后至拨断机构5中。脱水绞龙3向过滤桶4中挤压垃圾残渣，挤压过的垃圾干块被脱水绞龙3推出过滤桶4并由拨断机构5击碎。拨断机构5包括料腔51、转动拨板52、拨断电机53，拨断电机53固定于料腔51的外壁上，转动拨板52套装在转动轴54上，转动轴54由拨断电机53驱动。转动拨板52的运动轨迹与脱水绞龙3的送料轨迹相交，这样转动拨板52在回转时就可以将脱水绞龙3送出的垃圾撞击下来。因为垃圾在脱干后会被压成块状，而块状垃圾在断了后容易会产生纤维状的牵连体，因此垃圾就难以排除；通过转动拨板52把牵连的垃圾拨下来，使垃圾自动落入料腔中，并冲料腔51底部排出。料腔51的底部连通送料绞龙6的绞龙筒，送料绞龙6的绞龙筒通往发酵腔7。碎块垃圾被送料绞龙送入发酵腔7，送料绞龙6的绞龙筒一端连接在料腔51的底部，其另一端通往发酵腔7的顶部。
发酵腔7为桶状腔体，搅拌轴71水平架设在发酵腔7中。搅拌轴71的两端通过滚珠轴承72与发酵腔7的壁板固定，搅拌轴71上设有凸起的轴肩，轴承端盖73将滚珠轴承72与轴肩固定夹紧。轴肩与滚珠轴承72之间设有密封圈74，轴肩与轴承端盖73之间设有盘根75。盘根75能够增加密封效果，尤其是一些细小的颗粒物容易在搅拌轴转动的时候渗入轴承端盖内，造成结构磨损量的增大，不利于结构的维护。发酵腔7内设有加热盘管76、风扇77和搅拌轴 71，加热盘管76固定在发酵腔7的顶部。在加热盘管76与发酵腔7的顶壁之间还设有风扇77，风扇77通过固定在发酵腔7外的电机来驱动。根据普通的常温发酵结构的使用情况，当垃圾在分解过程中会产生大量的刺激性气味，这种气味难闻不利于维护工作环境。一些改良结构在分解结构的底部增加加热结构，让垃圾在一个热容器中发酵，这样同样会产生大量臭味。本方案中，风扇对准加热盘管吹送，热风被吹向发酵腔中的垃圾。这利用热气流对吹，类似于烤箱原理，让垃圾在发酵过程中所产生的气味降低到最少，同时热流不易外散。在搅拌轴上安装有便于拆卸的搅拌板78，可以根据需要及时跟换不同需求的搅拌板。解决了传统结构中的固定方式不利更换、不易维护的问题。
尾气净化装置8包括箱体81、滤管组82、排气扇83，箱体81内隔断成上下方向来回盘旋的气道。气道的入口位于箱体81的顶部，气流从上往下流动后转向并向上方流动，以盘旋方式增加流道的长度。在气道内设有滤管组82，滤管组82由多根滤管平行设置组成。滤管的轴向与气体的流向平行，滤管内填充有吸附气味的填充物。在箱体的底部还设有隔尘槽84，隔尘槽84内添加液态水。当气道内的气流向下盘旋到气道底部时，气流就会流经隔尘槽84的液态水，穿过液态水后从转入另一方向流动。通过该方式可以将气流内的悬浮颗粒物吸附到水中，而且可以过滤掉一些溶于水的刺激性气味，气道一定的净化作用。在箱体上设有排气扇83，排气扇83产生的风向垂直于滤管的轴向。排气扇83设有两个；两个排气扇竖直并列，通过排气扇不断的向滤管吹入气流起到一定的净化作用，同时在箱体上设有透气口使得空气流通。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：垃圾桶沿固定轨迹翻倒后桶内垃圾被分拣送入粉碎腔，垃圾竖直落在粉碎腔内的层状刀具上粉碎；粉碎腔连通脱水绞龙的绞龙筒；所述脱水绞龙向过滤桶中挤压垃圾残渣；挤压过的垃圾干块被脱水绞龙推出过滤桶并由拨断机构击碎；所述拨断机构包括电机驱动的转动拨板；碎块垃圾被送料绞龙送入发酵腔；所述发酵腔内设有加热盘管、风扇和搅拌轴；风扇对准加热盘管吹送，热风被吹向发酵腔中的垃圾；所述搅拌轴设置于发酵腔内，所述搅拌轴的两端的轴承端盖内还增设有盘根，在搅拌轴上安装有便于拆卸的搅拌板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：包括通往分拣平台的翻转轨道，在翻转轨道上配合有翻斗架；所述翻斗架在油缸推动下沿着翻转轨道的轨迹上升并向所述分拣平台倾倒；所述分拣平台上设有通过气缸顶升开启的盖板；分拣平台的底部出口通往所述粉碎腔；所述粉碎腔的底部设有漏斗状的出料口，所述出料口连通至脱水绞龙的绞龙筒上；所述脱水绞龙贯穿过滤桶至拨断机构；过滤桶与拨断机构的料腔相连通，所述转动拨板固定于所述料腔内；所述料腔的底部连通送料绞龙的绞龙筒；送料绞龙的绞龙筒通往所述发酵腔。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：所述拨断机构包括所述料腔、所述转动拨板、拨断电机；所述拨断电机固定于料腔的外壁上；所述转动拨板套装在转动轴上；所述转动轴由拨断电机驱动；所述转动拨板的运动轨迹与脱水绞龙的送料轨迹相交。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：所述送料绞龙的绞龙筒一端连接在所述料腔的底部，其另一端通往所述发酵腔的顶部。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：所述发酵腔为桶状腔体；所述搅拌轴水平架设在所述发酵腔中，搅拌轴的两端通过滚珠轴承与发酵腔的壁板固定；所述搅拌轴上设有凸起的轴肩；所述轴承端盖将滚珠轴承与轴肩固定夹紧；所述轴肩与滚珠轴承之间设有密封圈；所述轴肩与轴承端盖之间设有所述盘根；所述发酵腔的顶部固定有所述加热盘管；在加热盘管与发酵腔的顶壁之间设有所述风扇。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：所述层状刀具安装于粉碎腔内，所述粉碎腔的内壁上设有凸起的刀头；所述层状刀具包括同轴设置的多层刀盘，每层刀盘上均铰接有刀片；所述刀片绕其铰接点转动；刀片的外缘轨迹延伸出刀盘的外缘；相邻下一层的刀盘按照刀盘外径递增的规律竖直排列，逐层刀盘上的刀片外缘轨迹线也逐渐递增；相邻两层刀盘上的刀片之间位置均对应粉碎腔内壁上的一层刀头；所述刮板同轴安装在层状刀盘组的下侧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：还包括尾气净化装置，其包括箱体、滤管组、排气扇；所述箱体内隔断成上下方向来回盘旋的气道；在气道内设有滤管组；所述滤管组由多根滤管平行设置组成；滤管的轴向与气体的流向平行；在箱体上设有排气扇；排气扇产生的风向垂直于滤管的轴向；在所述箱体的底部还设有隔尘槽；所述隔尘槽内添加液态水；所述气道在由下往上弯折盘旋处流经隔尘槽的液态水。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种垃圾生化处理综合一体机，其特征在于：所述翻斗架包括托架、导轮和辅助卸料口；所述托架包括前单元和后单元；前单元顶部固定所述辅助卸料口；后单元底部设有放置垃圾桶的托板；前单元和后单元之间设有弹簧使前单元和后单元产生相对滑动；相对滑动的前单元和后单 元使辅助卸料口和托板夹住垃圾桶；在托架上还设有所述导轮；翻斗架通过所述导轮在翻转轨道上移动。
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