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WO2018066687A1 - Dispositif de capteur sans fil et système de capteur sans fil - Google Patents

Dispositif de capteur sans fil et système de capteur sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018066687A1
WO2018066687A1 PCT/JP2017/036434 JP2017036434W WO2018066687A1 WO 2018066687 A1 WO2018066687 A1 WO 2018066687A1 JP 2017036434 W JP2017036434 W JP 2017036434W WO 2018066687 A1 WO2018066687 A1 WO 2018066687A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless
voltage
sensor device
circuit
wireless sensor
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2017/036434
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
石橋　孝一郎
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University of Electro Communications NUC
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University of Electro Communications NUC
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Priority to CN201780062203.5A priority Critical patent/CN109844829B/zh
Priority to JP2018543986A priority patent/JP6929561B2/ja
Publication of WO2018066687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018066687A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C15/00—Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wireless sensor device that measures and transmits various physical quantities (temperature, humidity, illuminance, water amount, pH, etc.), and a wireless sensor system including the wireless sensor device.
  • wireless sensor devices can be installed everywhere.
  • the receiving device can collect and manage physical quantities measured at various locations.
  • wireless sensor devices arranged in various places are also referred to as sensor nodes.
  • a conventional wireless sensor device transmits a sensor element that measures a physical quantity, a microcomputer that acquires physical quantity data from the output of the sensor element (hereinafter referred to as a “microcomputer”), and physical data obtained by the microcomputer.
  • a wireless transmission circuit and a power source such as a battery.
  • the microcomputer amplifies the analog signal obtained from the sensor element, converts it to a digital signal by an internal analog / digital converter, and supplies the converted digital signal to the wireless transmission circuit.
  • the wireless transmission circuit wirelessly transmits the supplied digital signal.
  • a header such as an ID number necessary for recognizing the transmission destination is added to the detection data (digital signal) and transmitted.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 previously proposed by the inventors of the present invention describes a wireless sensor device that measures power consumption.
  • the power consumption can be significantly reduced by lengthening the period of sleep.
  • the period of the sleep state is too long because the period for measuring the physical quantity becomes long.
  • the power consumption increases, which goes against power saving.
  • the conventional wireless sensor device has a problem that the power consumption in the operating state becomes a relatively large value, and there is a limit to power saving even if the intermittent operation is performed.
  • the wireless transmission circuit is configured to intermittently wirelessly transmit the measurement signal
  • the reception side fails to receive the measurement signal
  • the measurement signal that has failed to be received is lost from the aggregate data, and the physical quantity There was also a problem that the reliability of measurement was lowered.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a wireless sensor device and a wireless sensor system that can perform power-saving and highly reliable measurement.
  • a wireless sensor device of the present invention includes a circuit unit in which a DC voltage source, a resistor, and a storage capacitor are connected, a voltage detection circuit that detects a voltage obtained by the circuit unit, and a voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit is a threshold voltage.
  • a wireless transmission circuit for wirelessly transmitting a preset identification signal and a sensor element are provided.
  • the sensor element at least one of the voltage value of the DC voltage source, the resistance value of the resistor, the capacitance value of the storage capacitor, and the threshold value detected by the voltage detection circuit changes in correlation with the detected physical quantity.
  • the wireless transmission circuit wirelessly transmits the identification signal at an interval correlated with the physical quantity detected by the sensor element.
  • the wireless sensor system of the present invention is a system including a wireless receiving device in addition to the above-described wireless sensor device.
  • the wireless reception device includes a wireless reception circuit that receives the identification signal wirelessly transmitted by the wireless transmission circuit of the wireless sensor device, a reception interval determination unit that determines a reception interval of the identification signal received by the wireless reception circuit, and a reception interval determination unit And a physical quantity calculator that calculates a physical quantity from the reception interval determined.
  • the wireless sensor device since the wireless sensor device can wirelessly transmit the identification signal at intervals corresponding to the physical quantity detected by the sensor element, the wireless sensor device wirelessly transmits a signal necessary for measuring the physical quantity with simple and low power consumption processing. It can be sent.
  • wireless can calculate a physical quantity from the space
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an output waveform example of a power supply circuit of the wireless sensor device of the example of FIG. 3. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of the transmission timing of the radio signal of the radio
  • wireless sensor apparatus of the example of FIG. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of the relationship between cycle time and temperature which the wireless sensor apparatus of the example of FIG. 3 transmits.
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an output waveform example of a power supply circuit of the wireless sensor device of the example of FIG. 3. It is a characteristic view which shows the example of the transmission timing of the radio signal of the radio
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram comparing measured temperature and actual temperature obtained by the wireless sensor device of the example of FIG. 3. It is a block diagram which shows the example of the whole structure of the wireless sensor system which uses the wireless sensor apparatus of the example of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the example which applied the radio
  • FIG. 24 is a characteristic diagram illustrating a signal transmission timing state according to the example of FIG. 23.
  • FIG. 24 is a block diagram which shows the example (example applied to the sensor node for small voltage detection: Example 1) of the radio
  • Example 2 shows the example (Example applied to the sensor node for small voltage detection: Example 2) of the radio
  • FIG. 29 It is a block diagram which shows the example (example applied to the sensor node for small voltage detection: Example 3) of the radio
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a wireless sensor system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first embodiment shows an example of the basic configuration of the present invention.
  • the wireless sensor system includes a wireless sensor device 10a and a wireless reception device 20.
  • the wireless sensor device 10a is disposed at a place where a physical quantity is measured.
  • the wireless sensor device 10 a includes a circuit unit including a DC voltage source 11, a resistor 12, and a storage capacitor 13, and a predetermined DC voltage Vcc obtained by the DC voltage source 11 is a voltage via the resistor 12.
  • the detection circuit 14 and the wireless transmission circuit 15 are supplied.
  • the DC voltage source 11 for example, a small battery is used.
  • an environmental power generation device such as a solar power generation device may be used as the DC voltage source 11.
  • the storage capacitor 13 is connected in parallel with the DC voltage source 11, and the storage capacitor 13 is charged with the DC voltage Vcc via the resistor 12.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 is a Schmitt trigger circuit that detects the voltage Vst charged in the storage capacitor 13 and outputs a detection signal according to the value of the voltage Vst. That is, the voltage detection circuit 14 starts output of the detection signal when the voltage Vst reaches the upper threshold value VH, and stops the output of the detection signal when the detection voltage Vst decreases to the lower threshold value VL. .
  • the detection signal of the voltage detection circuit 14 is supplied to the enable terminal EN of the wireless transmission circuit 15.
  • Vst is supplied to the power input terminal V DD of the wireless transmission circuit 15.
  • the detection signal detected by the voltage detection circuit 14 is supplied to the enable terminal EN of the wireless transmission circuit 15.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 15 performs transmission processing by consuming the voltage (power supply) obtained at the power input terminal V DD as energy.
  • the antenna terminal ANT of the wireless transmission circuit 15 is connected to the transmission antenna 16.
  • the ground potential portion GND of the wireless transmission circuit 15 is connected to the ground potential portion of the DC voltage source 11.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 15 includes a transmission processing unit 15a, an identification signal storage unit 15b, and a transmission control unit 15c.
  • the identification signal storage unit 15b is built in the transmission control unit 15c.
  • the transmission processing unit 15a performs a process of wirelessly transmitting the identification signal stored in the identification signal storage unit 15b in a predetermined frequency band.
  • the identification signal stored in the identification signal storage unit 15b is an identification signal given to each wireless sensor device 10a, and may be, for example, a MAC address assigned to each wireless transmission circuit, or transmission control. It can also be stored in advance in the part 15c.
  • the transmission processing unit 15a When the detection signal is supplied to the enable terminal EN, the transmission processing unit 15a is instructed to start the wireless transmission process. For example, at the timing when the signal obtained at the enable terminal EN changes from the low level to the high level and the supply of the detection signal is started, the transmission control unit 15c executes the initialization process of the wireless transmission circuit 15, Instructs execution of wireless transmission simultaneously with the completion of the digitization process. Receiving this instruction, the transmission processing unit 15a executes a process of transmitting the identification signal stored in the identification signal storage unit 15b as the radio signal S. When the transmission processing unit 15a performs transmission processing of the identification signal as the radio signal S, it is only necessary to transmit the identification signal. However, if necessary, a header or the like may be added and the identification signal may be carried as its payload. .
  • the wireless transmission processing in the wireless transmission circuit 15 When the wireless transmission processing in the wireless transmission circuit 15 is executed, the energy supplied from the storage capacitor 13 is consumed, so that the voltage Vst supplied from the storage capacitor 13 to the wireless transmission circuit 15 decreases, and voltage detection is performed.
  • the circuit 14 detects a decrease to the lower threshold value VL. When the decrease to the lower threshold value VL is detected, the detection signal is not supplied from the voltage detection circuit 14 to the enable terminal EN, and the transmission control unit 15 c stops the operation of the wireless transmission circuit 15.
  • the operation of the wireless transmission circuit 15 is stopped, energy consumption in the wireless sensor device 10a disappears, and the voltage Vst stored in the storage capacitor 13 rises again.
  • the voltage Vst reaches the upper threshold value VH, the wireless transmission process in the wireless transmission circuit 15 is resumed.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 15 periodically transmits the identification signal in response to the increase and decrease of the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13.
  • the sensor element used in the wireless sensor device 10a at least one of the DC voltage source 11, the resistor 12, the storage capacitor 13, and the voltage detection circuit 14 is correlated with the detection of the physical quantity.
  • a sensor element is used that varies.
  • the use of the sensor element includes the case where any one of the DC voltage source 11, the resistor 12, the storage capacitor 13 or the voltage detection circuit 14 is directly replaced with the sensor element, and the DC voltage source 11, the resistor 12, the storage capacitor. 13 or the voltage detection circuit 14 may be connected to a sensor element. A specific sensor element connection example will be described later.
  • the interval at which the wireless transmission circuit 15 wirelessly transmits the wireless signal S changes according to the physical quantity detected by the sensor element.
  • the speed at which the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 increases is a physical quantity.
  • the interval at which the radio transmission circuit 15 transmits the radio signal S varies depending on (temperature), and is an interval correlated with the physical quantity (temperature).
  • the wireless reception device 20 includes a wireless reception circuit 22 to which an antenna 21 is connected.
  • the wireless reception circuit 22 is on standby in a state where the wireless signal S can be received at all times, and supplies the received wireless signal S to the identification signal detection unit 23.
  • the identification signal detector 23 detects an identification signal (such as a MAC address) included in the wireless signal S.
  • an identification signal such as a MAC address
  • FIG. 1 only one wireless sensor device 10a that transmits the wireless signal S is shown, but the wireless receiver 20 can manage the wireless signals S from a plurality of wireless sensor devices 10a.
  • the identification signal detection unit 23 detects the identification signal given to each wireless sensor device 10a.
  • the identification signal detection unit 23 When the identification signal detection unit 23 detects the identification signal, the identification signal detection unit 23 supplies the reception interval determination unit 24 with data on the reception timing of the detected identification signal in the wireless reception circuit 22.
  • the reception interval determination unit 24 determines the reception interval of the radio signal S of each identification signal, and supplies the data of the determined reception interval to the physical quantity calculation unit 25.
  • the physical quantity calculator 25 Based on the reception interval of each identification signal in the radio signal S, calculates the physical quantity detected by the sensor element in each wireless sensor device 10a.
  • the wireless reception device 20 detects the sensor element from the reception interval of the wireless signal S.
  • the calculated physical quantity can be calculated.
  • the physical quantity value may be obtained directly from the value of one reception interval, but the physical quantity is calculated from the average value of the reception intervals within a certain amount of time. May be obtained.
  • the physical quantity data calculated by the physical quantity calculation unit 25 is transmitted to, for example, a computer device connected to the wireless reception device 20 or an external server, and management of changes in the physical quantity is executed by the device that has received the physical quantity data.
  • the wireless reception device 20 performs from the detection of the identification signal to the calculation of the physical quantity.
  • the wireless reception device 20 performs only the reception processing of the wireless signal, and the identification signal detection unit 23 receives the signal.
  • the processing in the interval determination unit 24 and the physical quantity calculation unit 25 may be executed by an information processing device such as an external computer device connected to the wireless reception device 20.
  • the identification signal detection unit 23, the reception interval determination unit 24, and the physical quantity calculation unit 25 may be realized by software that executes a corresponding process.
  • the physical quantity calculation unit 25 prepares a conversion table for converting the interval value into the physical quantity instead of the process of calculating the physical quantity by substituting the interval value into the arithmetic expression, and refers to the conversion table. You may make it obtain a physical quantity directly.
  • the wireless sensor device 10a can transmit the wireless signal S with low power consumption and low load. That is, the wireless transmission circuit 15 in the wireless sensor device 10a only needs to transmit the identification signal stored in the identification signal storage unit 15b. That is, since it is only necessary to always transmit the same signal repeatedly, processing that consumes a large amount of power, such as amplification of the output of the sensor element and digital conversion, is not required. Therefore, for example, even when a small battery such as a button-type battery is used as the DC voltage source 11, the wireless sensor device 10a can be continuously operated for a long period of time.
  • the configuration of the wireless sensor device 10a becomes very simple, and the wireless sensor device 10a that measures various physical quantities can be configured extremely inexpensively and in a small size. It becomes like this.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 15 also does not need to add measurement data or the like to the transmission packet, and it is only necessary to always transmit the same signal as an identification signal, and the wireless signal can be transmitted by a very simple transmission process. .
  • the radio reception device 20 acquires a physical quantity from the reception interval of radio signals. However, even if there is a temporary radio signal reception failure, the physical quantity during the missing time can be estimated, so the reliability is high. Acquisition of physical quantities is possible via wireless communication. That is, when the wireless reception device 20 cannot temporarily receive a wireless signal for some reason, it can be estimated that the reception has been lost and appropriately processed. For example, when receiving continuously for a long time, it is in a state where it can be continuously received at substantially the same interval. When reception is lost once in a state of receiving at approximately the same interval, the wireless transmission state is poor. It can be estimated relatively easily that a state in which reception is not possible has occurred, and an appropriate physical quantity can be acquired by interpolation processing or the like.
  • the value of the physical quantity acquired on the wireless reception device 20 side is temporarily greatly deviated from the value of the physical quantity before and after that, it can be estimated that there is an error due to lack of reception, and the measured value of the physical quantity deviated greatly.
  • processing for removing from the measurement data may be performed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic configuration of a wireless sensor system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a wireless sensor device 10b shown in FIG. 2 has a circuit unit including a DC voltage source 11, a resistor 12, and a storage capacitor 13 and a voltage for detecting the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 in the same manner as the wireless sensor device 10a shown in FIG. And a detection circuit 14.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 also outputs a detection signal when detecting that the voltage Vst has reached the upper threshold value VH, and stops outputting the detection signal when the voltage Vst falls to the lower threshold value VL.
  • this embodiment is the same as the first embodiment in that at least one of the DC voltage source 11, the resistor 12, the storage capacitor 13, and the voltage detection circuit 14 is a sensor element that detects a physical quantity.
  • the detection signal output from the voltage detection circuit 14 is supplied to the power supply circuit 17.
  • the power supply circuit 17 includes a voltage stabilization unit 17a and a voltage stabilization control unit 17b that controls the stabilization operation in the voltage stabilization unit 17a.
  • the voltage stabilization control unit 17b operates the voltage stabilization unit 17a to output a power supply voltage stabilized to a constant voltage.
  • the voltage stabilization control unit 17b stops the operation of the voltage stabilization unit 17a and does not output the power supply voltage from the power supply circuit 17.
  • a power supply circuit called LDO (Low (DropOut) is applicable.
  • the power supply circuit 17 supplies a power supply voltage to the power supply input terminal V DD of the wireless transmission circuit 18.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 is a circuit that performs transmission processing of the wireless signal S by consuming the voltage (power source) obtained at the power input terminal V DD as energy, and includes a transmission processing unit 18a and an identification signal storage unit 18b. .
  • An antenna 16 that transmits a radio signal S is connected to the radio transmission circuit 18.
  • the transmission processing unit 18a consumes the voltage (power source) obtained at the power input terminal V DD as energy, and transmits the radio signal S. I do.
  • the identification signal stored in the identification signal storage unit 18b is transmitted.
  • the transmission processing unit 18a When the transmission processing unit 18a performs transmission processing of the identification signal as the radio signal S, it is only necessary to transmit the identification signal. However, the point that data such as a header may be added is that of the first embodiment. This is the same as the wireless transmission circuit 15.
  • the ground potential portion GND of the wireless transmission circuit 18 and the power supply circuit 17 is connected to the ground potential portion of the DC voltage source 11.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 is configured in accordance with the physical quantity detected by the sensor element built in the wireless sensor device 10b, similarly to the wireless sensor device 10a of the first embodiment.
  • the interval at which the wireless signal S is transmitted wirelessly changes. That is, in conjunction with the change in the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13, the power supply circuit 17 repeats the operation state and the non-operation state, and the radio transmission circuit 18 transmits the radio signal S every time the power supply circuit 17 is activated. This means that the interval at which the power supply circuit 17 repeats the operating state and the inoperative state changes according to the detection state of the physical quantity at the sensor element, and the interval at which the radio signal S is transmitted changes.
  • the wireless sensor device 10b of the second embodiment in addition to the effects described in the second embodiment, there is an effect that transmission of the wireless signal S can be stably performed. That is, since the power supply voltage V DD supplied to the wireless transmission circuit 18 is a voltage stabilized by the power supply circuit 17, the wireless sensor device 10b can perform transmission processing at a stable constant voltage, and wireless transmission processing Can be executed stably.
  • the radio reception device 20 is configured in the same manner as the radio reception device 20 shown in FIG. 1, receives the radio signal S, and calculates a physical quantity from the reception interval for each identification signal.
  • FIG. 3 shows a configuration of the wireless sensor device 10c when the wireless sensor device 10b of the second embodiment is applied to a temperature measurement sensor node.
  • the wireless sensor device 10c shown in FIG. 3 shows an example in which a thermistor (sensor element) 12a capable of obtaining a resistance value corresponding to temperature is used as the resistor 12.
  • the other parts of the wireless sensor device 10c have the same configuration as the wireless sensor device 10b shown in FIG.
  • the resistance value of the thermistor 12a varies depending on the temperature detected by the thermistor 12a.
  • the rising speed of the voltage Vst charged in the storage capacitor 13 with the voltage Vcc from the DC voltage source 11 changes according to the temperature detected by the thermistor 12a. Therefore, the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10c transmits the wireless signal S is correlated with the temperature detected by the thermistor 12a, and the thermistor 12a detects the interval from the reception interval of the wireless signal S on the wireless receiving device 20 side. The temperature can be acquired.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example in which the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 and the power supply voltage V DD change depending on the temperature detected by the thermistor 12a in the wireless sensor device 10c.
  • 4A shows the case where the temperature is 5 ° C.
  • FIG. 4B shows the case where the temperature is 30 ° C.
  • the vertical axis shows voltage and the horizontal axis shows time.
  • the thermistor 12a uses an element having a resistance of 10 k ⁇ at 25 ° C.
  • the voltage Vcc of the DC voltage source 11 is 3.7 V
  • the upper threshold VH in the voltage detection circuit 14 is 2.6 V
  • the lower threshold value VL is 2.0 V
  • the capacitance value of the storage capacitor 13 is 1 mF.
  • the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 gradually increases.
  • the power supply circuit 17 and the wireless transmission circuit 18 start operating, and when the voltage Vst decreases and reaches the lower threshold value VL (2.0 V), The circuit 17 stops operating, and the voltage Vst increases again.
  • the peak voltage V DD -1 (FIG. 4A) is displayed for a certain period of time by the operation of the power supply circuit 17 as shown in the enlarged waveform of the peak voltage in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • the voltage V DD -2 (FIG. 4B) is maintained.
  • the voltage Vst varies at intervals based on the temperature. become.
  • the radio signal S is transmitted at each timing TX11, TX12,... Reaching the upper threshold value VH, and in the case of 30 degrees Celsius (FIG. 4B). Transmits the radio signal S at each timing TX21, TX22,... Reaching the upper threshold value VH, and transmits the radio signal S at intervals corresponding to the respective temperatures.
  • the transmission process of the radio signal S is performed while the power supply voltage V DD is maintained at the voltage V DD -1 (FIG. 4A) or the voltage V DD -2 (FIG. 4B).
  • the interval at which the wireless signal S is transmitted at 5 degrees Celsius is 11.0 seconds
  • the interval at which the wireless signal S is transmitted at 30 degrees Celsius is 3.8 seconds. Therefore, the wireless receiver 20 side can acquire the temperature detected by the thermistor 12a in the wireless sensor device 10c by determining the interval at which the wireless signal S is received.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of the timing at which the wireless sensor device 10c installed in an environment of about 5 ° C. transmits the wireless signal S and the timing at which the wireless sensor device 10c installed in an environment of about 30 ° C. transmits the wireless signal S.
  • the vertical axis represents temperature
  • the horizontal axis represents time (seconds).
  • Plot points S11, S12, S13,... Shown in FIG. 5 are timings when the wireless signal S is transmitted from the wireless sensor device 10c installed in an environment of 5 degrees Celsius.
  • Plot points S21, S22, S23,... Are timings when the wireless signal S is transmitted from the wireless sensor device 10c installed in an environment of 30 degrees Celsius.
  • the interval Tc1 between the timings S11, S12, S13,... At which the wireless signal S is transmitted from the wireless sensor device 10c installed in an environment of about 5 degrees Celsius is 11.0 seconds.
  • the interval Tc2 between the timings S21, S22, S23,... At which the wireless signal S is transmitted from the wireless sensor device 10c installed in an environment of about 30 ° C. is 3.8 seconds.
  • the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless sensor device 10c has a transmission interval correlated with the temperature detected by the thermistor 12a built in the wireless sensor device 10c.
  • the wireless sensor device 10c When the wireless sensor device 10c is installed to measure a temperature such as a room temperature or an outside air temperature, there is almost no rapid change in temperature, and reception of wireless signals at a substantially constant interval becomes continuous, and the change in the interval varies. Few. Therefore, for example, even when the reception of the received signal fails once on the wireless reception device 20 side, the reception failure can be estimated from the preceding and succeeding reception intervals, and an appropriate physical quantity can be acquired by interpolation processing. Alternatively, when it is estimated that the data is missing, the reception timings before and after it are not used for determining the interval so that the physical quantity to be acquired can be prevented from becoming an incorrect value. Become.
  • FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the radio signal transmission cycle time and temperature.
  • the vertical axis indicates the absolute temperature (K), and the horizontal axis indicates the transmission cycle time corresponding to the transmission interval.
  • K the absolute temperature
  • the horizontal axis indicates the transmission cycle time corresponding to the transmission interval.
  • FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram comparing the actual environmental temperature (horizontal axis) and the temperature (vertical axis) acquired from the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10c transmits a wireless signal.
  • the lines connecting the points where the measured values are plotted are arranged in a straight line, and the temperature obtained from the transmission interval can be measured with high accuracy that matches the actual temperature.
  • FIG. 8 shows a system including two wireless sensor devices 10c-1 and 10c-2 and a wireless reception device 20 that receives a wireless signal S from the two wireless sensor devices 10c-1 and 10c-2.
  • a configuration example (FIG. 8A) and an example in which the wireless signals S from the wireless sensor devices 10c-1 and 10c-2 are received and the temperature is measured for 24 hours are shown.
  • the first wireless sensor device 10c-1 includes a thermistor 12a-1 and transmits a wireless signal S with an ID code 1 of an identification signal.
  • the second wireless sensor device 10c-2 includes a thermistor 12a-2 and transmits a wireless signal S with an ID code 2 of the identification signal.
  • the first wireless sensor device 10c-1 has the thermistor 12a-1 installed on the window side
  • the second wireless sensor device 10c-2 has the thermistor 12a-2 installed in the soil.
  • an information processing device (computer device) 30 is connected to the wireless reception device 20, and temperature data obtained by the wireless reception device 20 is recorded on the information processing device 30 side.
  • the vertical axis of FIG. 8B indicates temperature (° C.), the horizontal axis indicates time of day (hours and minutes), temperature T1 is a value detected from radio signal S of ID code 1, and temperature T2 is radio of ID code 2. This is a value detected from the signal S.
  • temperature T1 is a value detected from radio signal S of ID code 1
  • temperature T2 is radio of ID code 2. This is a value detected from the signal S.
  • the information processing apparatus 30 to which the apparatus 20 is connected can be monitored. When a plurality of wireless sensor devices 10c-1 and 10c-2 are installed as described above, and each wireless sensor device 10c-1 and 10c-2 receives data by one wireless receiving device 20.
  • the transmission timings of a plurality of radio signals overlap each other, and there is a possibility that the radio reception device 20 cannot correctly receive the overlapped radio signals.
  • the radio reception device 20 cannot correctly receive the overlapped radio signals.
  • the temperature can be continuously monitored without problems.
  • FIG. 9 shows a configuration of a wireless sensor device 10d when the wireless sensor device 10b (FIG. 2) of the second embodiment is applied to a water amount detection sensor node.
  • a wireless sensor device 10d shown in FIG. 9 shows an example in which a resistor 12b and an electrode pair 12c are connected in series as the resistor 12.
  • the electrode pair 12c is composed of two electrode plates 122 and 123 disposed facing each other in an upright state in the container 121, and functions as a water amount detection sensor element. That is, when water accumulates in the container 121, the height at which water is immersed in the two electrode plates 122 and 123 varies depending on the amount of water, and resistance when electricity flows through the two electrode plates 122 and 123 is reduced. It changes according to the amount of water.
  • the other configuration of the wireless sensor device 10d is the same as that of the wireless sensor device 10b shown in FIG.
  • the resistance value of the electrode pair 12 c changes according to the amount of water accumulated in the container 121. For this reason, the speed at which the voltage Vst charged in the storage capacitor 13 with the voltage Vcc from the DC voltage source 11 rises varies depending on the amount of water accumulated in the container 121. However, in the situation where no water is accumulated in the container 121, no electric flow is generated in the two electrode plates 122 and 123. Therefore, when water begins to accumulate in the container 121, transmission of the radio signal S is started, and the interval at which the radio signal S is transmitted becomes an interval that correlates with the amount of water.
  • the amount of water accumulated in the container 121 can be acquired from the S reception interval. Therefore, in the case of the sensor node for detecting the amount of water as shown in FIG. 9, in the situation where no water is accumulated in the container 121, no power is consumed and only when there is water leakage or rain, the detected water amount Depending on the power consumption. For example, when it is used in a place where water leakage does not normally occur in a building or facility, for example, when it is used for monitoring of water leakage, power is consumed only when the water leakage occurs. Even when a small battery such as this battery is used, water leakage can be monitored for a very long time (or semipermanently).
  • FIG. 10 shows a basic configuration of a wireless sensor device 10e of a wireless sensor system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration on the radio reception device 20 side is the same as that of the radio reception device 20 described in the first and second embodiments, and a description thereof is omitted.
  • a wireless sensor device 10e shown in FIG. 10 is similar to the wireless sensor device 10b shown in FIG. 2 in that a circuit unit including a DC voltage source 11, a resistor 12, and a storage capacitor 13, a voltage detection circuit 14 ', and a power supply circuit 17 are provided. And a radio transmission circuit 18 and an antenna 16 connected to the radio transmission circuit 18. At least one of the DC voltage source 11, the resistor 12, the storage capacitor 13, and the voltage detection circuit 14 ′ is a sensor element that detects a physical quantity.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 ′ is configured by an operational amplifier, and resistors 31, 32, and 33 are connected around the voltage detection circuit 14 ′ including the operational amplifier to function as a Schmitt trigger circuit. It is a thing. That is, two resistors 31 and 32 connected in series are connected between the input terminal of the power supply circuit 17 from which the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 is obtained and the ground potential portion. The connection point between the two resistors 31 and 32 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage detection circuit 14 '. Further, a feedback resistor 33 is connected between the input terminal and the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 14 ′ which is an operational amplifier. The voltage detection circuit 14 ′ supplies a detection signal obtained at its input terminal to the enable terminal EN of the power supply circuit 17.
  • the Schmitt trigger circuit is configured by the voltage detection circuit 14 'and the resistors 31, 32, and 33. That is, the voltage detection circuit 14 'outputs a detection signal when the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 reaches the upper threshold value VH, and stops outputting the detection signal when the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 decreases to the lower threshold value VL. It has so-called hysteresis characteristics.
  • the transmission interval is determined, and the physical quantity detected by the sensor element can be acquired on the wireless reception device 20 side.
  • the Schmitt trigger circuit shown in FIG. 10 can be constituted by various circuit elements such as a CMOS inverter circuit in addition to the operational amplifier described above, and may be constituted by any circuit element as the voltage detection circuit 14 ′.
  • FIG. 11 shows a configuration (example 1) of a wireless sensor device 10f when the wireless sensor device 10e of the third embodiment is applied to a humidity measurement sensor node.
  • a wireless sensor device 10 f shown in FIG. 11 shows an example in which a capacitive polymer humidity sensor element 13 a that can obtain a capacitance value corresponding to humidity is used as the storage capacitor 13.
  • the other parts of the wireless sensor device 10f have the same configuration as the wireless sensor device 10e shown in FIG.
  • the capacitance value that can be accumulated in the humidity sensor element 13a varies depending on the humidity detected by the capacitive polymer humidity sensor element 13a. To do.
  • the charging voltage Vst of the humidity sensor element 13a which is the capacity, changes depending on the humidity detected by the humidity sensor element 13a, and the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10f transmits the wireless signal S is a capacitance-type polymer humidity sensor.
  • the interval correlates with the humidity detected by the element 13a.
  • the humidity detected by the capacitive polymer humidity sensor element 13a can be acquired from the reception interval of the wireless signal S on the wireless reception device 20 side.
  • FIG. 12 shows a configuration (example 2) of a wireless sensor device 10g when the wireless sensor device 10e of the third embodiment is applied to a humidity measurement sensor node.
  • the capacitive polymer humidity sensor element 13a is used as the sensor element for humidity detection.
  • a resistance value corresponding to humidity is obtained as the resistor 33.
  • the resistance change type humidity sensor element 33a is used.
  • the other parts of the wireless sensor device 10g have the same configuration as the wireless sensor device 10e shown in FIG.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 outputs a detection signal when the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 reaches the upper threshold value VH, and when the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 decreases to the lower threshold value VL. Stop detection signal output. Then, the upper threshold value VH and the lower threshold value VL change according to the humidity detected by the resistance change type humidity sensor element 33a. For this reason, the output cycle of the detection signal output from the voltage detection circuit 14 ′ changes depending on the humidity detected by the resistance change type humidity sensor element 33a, and the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10g transmits the radio signal S is the resistance change type. The interval has a correlation with the humidity detected by the humidity sensor element 33a. As a result, the humidity detected by the resistance change type humidity sensor element 33a can be acquired from the reception interval of the radio signal S on the radio receiving device 20 side.
  • FIG. 13 shows a basic configuration of a wireless sensor device 10h of a wireless sensor system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration on the radio reception device 20 side is the same as that of the radio reception device 20 described in the first and second embodiments, and a description thereof is omitted.
  • the wireless sensor device 10h shown in FIG. 13 includes a circuit unit including a DC voltage source 11, a resistor 12, and a storage capacitor 13, a power supply circuit 17, and a wireless transmission circuit 18. And an antenna 16 connected to the wireless transmission circuit 18.
  • a differential amplifier 41 is used as a voltage detection circuit.
  • two resistors 31, 32 connected in series between the input terminal of the power supply circuit 17 that obtains the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 and the ground potential portion.
  • the connection point between the two resistors 31 and 32 is connected to the + side input terminal of the differential amplifier 41, and a feedback resistor 33 is provided between the + side input terminal and the output terminal of the differential amplifier 41.
  • the variable reference voltage source 42 is connected to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 41.
  • the ground potential portion of the variable reference voltage source 42 is connected in common with the ground potential portion of the DC voltage source 11.
  • variable reference voltage source 42 is a sensor element that detects a physical quantity.
  • Elements other than the variable reference voltage source 42 may be sensor elements that detect physical quantities.
  • the voltage supplied to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 41 changes according to the physical quantity detected by the variable reference voltage source 42 as the sensor element, and the upper threshold value VH and the lower threshold value are changed.
  • the value of VL changes. Therefore, the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10h transmits the wireless signal S changes according to the physical quantity detected by the variable reference voltage source 42 that is a sensor element.
  • the physical quantity detected by the variable reference voltage source 42 that is a sensor element can be acquired from the reception interval of the radio signal S on the radio reception device 20 side.
  • FIG. 14 shows the configuration of a wireless sensor device 10i when the wireless sensor device 10h of the fourth embodiment is applied to a pH measurement sensor node.
  • a pH electrode voltage source (pH detection sensor element) 42a whose voltage changes according to a detected value of pH is used as the variable reference voltage source 42.
  • the positive electrode side of the pH electrode voltage source 42a is connected to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 41, and the negative electrode side of the pH electrode voltage source 42a is connected to the connection point of the resistors 43 and 44 connected in series.
  • the resistors 43 and 44 are elements connected in series between the input terminal of the power supply circuit 17 from which the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 is obtained and the ground potential portion, and obtain a bias voltage on the negative electrode side of the pH electrode voltage source 42a.
  • the pH electrode voltage source 42a whose voltage changes according to the detected value of pH, there is, for example, a sensor element for glass electrode type pH measurement in which a thin glass film is arranged in proximity.
  • the voltage supplied to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 41 changes according to the pH value detected by the pH electrode voltage source 42a, and the values of the upper threshold value VH and the lower threshold value VL are changed. Will change. Therefore, the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10i transmits the wireless signal S changes according to the pH value detected by the pH electrode voltage source 42a. As a result, the wireless receiver 20 side can acquire the pH value detected by the pH electrode voltage source 42a from the reception interval of the wireless signal S.
  • FIG. 15 shows a configuration of another wireless sensor device 10j as a pH measurement sensor node.
  • the DC voltage source 11 shown in FIG. 13 or the like is changed to an equivalent DC voltage source 50, and a pH electrode voltage source 52 that is a pH detecting sensor element is used as the equivalent DC voltage source 50.
  • the equivalent DC voltage source 50 includes a pH electrode voltage source 52 whose output voltage varies depending on the pH value, and the positive electrode side of the pH electrode voltage source 52 is connected to the + side input terminal of the differential amplifier 51 via the resistor 53.
  • the negative electrode side of the pH electrode voltage source 52 is connected to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 51.
  • the terminal 54 from which a constant voltage is obtained is connected to the ground potential portion via a series circuit of resistors 55 and 56, and the connection point of the resistors 55 and 56 is connected to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 51.
  • the + side input terminal and the output terminal of the differential amplifier 51 are connected by a resistor 57, and the output terminal of the differential amplifier 51 is connected to the storage capacitor 13 via the resistor 12.
  • a voltage source 34 is connected to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 41 serving as a voltage detection circuit.
  • Other portions of the wireless sensor device 10j have the same configuration as the wireless sensor device 10h shown in FIG.
  • the voltage supplied to the + side input terminal of the differential amplifier 51 changes according to the pH value detected by the pH electrode voltage source 52 and is supplied to the storage capacitor 13 via the resistor 12.
  • the applied voltage changes in correlation with the pH value. Accordingly, the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10j transmits the wireless signal S changes according to the pH value detected by the pH electrode voltage source 52.
  • the wireless receiver 20 can acquire the pH value detected by the pH electrode voltage source 52 from the reception interval of the wireless signal S.
  • FIG. 16 shows a configuration of a wireless sensor device 10k when the wireless sensor device 10h according to the fourth embodiment is applied to an illuminance measurement sensor node.
  • the connection point of the resistors 31 and 32 connected in series is connected to the + side input terminal of the differential amplifier 41 constituting the voltage detection circuit, and the connections of the resistors 63 and 62 connected in series are connected. The point is connected to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 41.
  • the series circuit of the resistors 31 and 32 and the series circuit of the resistors 63 and 62 are connected between a line from which the storage voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 is obtained and the ground potential portion.
  • a photodiode 61 that is a sensor element for detecting illuminance is connected in parallel with the resistor 63.
  • a feedback resistor 33 is connected between the + side input terminal and the output terminal.
  • the voltage supplied to the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 41 changes according to the illuminance detected by the photodiode 61, and the upper threshold value when the differential amplifier 41 performs the voltage detection operation.
  • the values of VH and lower threshold value VL change. Accordingly, the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10k transmits the wireless signal S changes according to the illuminance detected by the photodiode 61. As a result, the illuminance detected by the photodiode 61 from the reception interval of the wireless signal S can be acquired on the wireless reception device 20 side.
  • FIG. 17 shows only the configuration of the wireless sensor device 10m of the wireless sensor system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Since the configuration on the radio receiving apparatus 20 side is the same as that of the radio receiving apparatus 20 described in the first and second embodiments, description thereof is omitted.
  • the 17 includes a solar battery 71 and a secondary battery 73 as power sources.
  • the output of the solar battery 71 is supplied to the secondary battery 73 via the diode 72, and the secondary battery 73 is charged.
  • the secondary battery 73 is used as a DC voltage source for obtaining a voltage Vcc.
  • the configuration in which the voltage Vcc is supplied from the secondary battery 73 is the same as that of the wireless sensor device 10a shown in FIG. That is, similarly to the wireless sensor device 10 a shown in FIG. 1, a circuit unit including the resistor 12 and the storage capacitor 13 and a voltage detection circuit 14 that detects the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 are provided. As in the example of FIG. 1, the voltage detection circuit 14 outputs a detection signal when detecting that the voltage Vst has reached the upper threshold value VH, and stops outputting the detection signal when the voltage Vst decreases to the lower threshold value VL.
  • the first is that at least one of the DC voltage source (solar cell 71, diode 72, secondary battery 73), resistor 12, storage capacitor 13, and voltage detection circuit 14 is a sensor element that detects a physical quantity. This is the same as the embodiment.
  • the detection signal output from the voltage detection circuit 14 is supplied to the power supply circuit 17.
  • the power supply circuit 17 outputs a power supply voltage stabilized to a constant voltage when a detection signal is supplied from the voltage detection circuit 14 to the enable terminal EN. .
  • the power supply circuit 17 does not output a power supply voltage.
  • a power supply circuit called LDO is applicable as the power supply circuit 17, for example, a power supply circuit called LDO is applicable.
  • the wireless sensor device 10m of the fifth embodiment can use the solar cell 71 as a power source.
  • FIG. 18 shows only the configuration of the wireless sensor device 10n of the wireless sensor system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Since the configuration on the radio receiving apparatus 20 side is the same as that of the radio receiving apparatus 20 described in the first and second embodiments, description thereof is omitted.
  • the wireless sensor device 10n shown in FIG. 18 includes an energy harvesting power source 74 and a stabilized power source circuit 75 as power sources.
  • the energy harvesting power supply 74 converts energy such as light, vibration, and heat into electric power.
  • the solar cell 71 illustrated in FIG. 17 is an example of the energy harvesting power source 74.
  • the output voltage of the energy harvesting power supply 74 is stabilized at a constant voltage by the stabilizing power supply circuit 75.
  • the voltage Vcc is supplied from the stabilized power circuit 75. That is, similarly to the wireless sensor device 10 a shown in FIG. 1, a circuit unit including the resistor 12 and the storage capacitor 13 and a voltage detection circuit 14 that detects the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 are provided. As in the example of FIG. 1, the voltage detection circuit 14 outputs a detection signal when detecting that the voltage Vst has reached the upper threshold value VH, and stops outputting the detection signal when the voltage Vst decreases to the lower threshold value VL. Further, in the same manner as the first embodiment, at least one of the DC voltage source (energy harvesting power source 74), the resistor 12, the storage capacitor 13, and the voltage detection circuit 14 is a sensor element that detects a physical quantity. It is.
  • the detection signal output from the voltage detection circuit 14 is supplied to the power supply circuit 17.
  • the power supply circuit 17 outputs a power supply voltage stabilized to a constant voltage when a detection signal is supplied from the voltage detection circuit 14 to the enable terminal EN. .
  • the power supply circuit 17 does not output the power supply voltage.
  • the wireless sensor device 10n can use the energy harvesting power source 74.
  • the interval at which the wireless sensor device 10n transmits the wireless signal S changes according to the state of light, vibration, heat, or the like applied to the energy harvesting power supply 74.
  • the power reception state at the energy harvesting power source 74 can be acquired from the reception interval of the wireless signal S on the wireless reception device 20 side.
  • the output voltage of the stabilized power supply 75 is constant, so that the accuracy of the sensor is increased.
  • FIG. 19 shows a configuration of a wireless sensor device 10p according to a modification of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a wireless sensor device 10p shown in FIG. 19 includes an energy harvesting power supply 74 and a stabilized power supply circuit 75, similarly to the wireless sensor device 10n shown in FIG. Then, the wireless sensor device 10p shown in FIG. 19 supplies the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 to the wireless transmission circuit 18 via the switch circuit 76. Opening and closing of the switch circuit 76 is controlled by a detection signal of the voltage detection circuit 14. That is, when the voltage detection circuit 14 detects that the voltage Vst has reached the upper threshold value VH, it outputs a detection signal and closes the switch circuit 76.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 stops outputting the detection signal and opens the switch circuit 76. Therefore, when the switch circuit 76 is in the closed state, the voltage Vst is supplied to the wireless transmission circuit 18 as the voltage V DD .
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 19 has the effect that the power supply voltage is stabilized by the stabilized power supply 75 as in the example of FIG. 18 and the accuracy as a sensor is increased.
  • FIG. 20 shows only the configuration of the wireless sensor device 10q of the wireless sensor system according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Since the configuration on the radio receiving apparatus 20 side is the same as that of the radio receiving apparatus 20 described in the first and second embodiments, description thereof is omitted.
  • a wireless sensor device 10q shown in FIG. 20 is similar to the wireless sensor device 10b described in the second embodiment, and is at least one of a DC voltage source 11, a resistor 12, a storage capacitor 13, and a voltage detection circuit 14. By using one of them as a sensor element, the interval at which the power supply circuit 17 starts outputting the voltage V DD is changed according to the physical quantity detected by the sensor element.
  • the voltage V DD output from the power supply circuit 17 is supplied to a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 76 and a wireless transmission circuit 18 ′.
  • the CPU 76 is also referred to as an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), and is an arithmetic processing device that performs data arithmetic processing and storage processing.
  • the CPU 76 stores information such as an identification signal and supplies transmission information such as the stored identification information to the wireless transmission circuit 18 '.
  • the CPU 76 may supply information obtained by performing arithmetic processing as transmission information to the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′. For example, the CPU 76 may calculate a cumulative transmission number when the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′ transmits a signal, and supply information of the calculated cumulative transmission number to the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′. Alternatively, the CPU 76 may supply an attribute signal indicating what the sensor measures to the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′. Further, the CPU 76 may supply a calibration signal, which is information necessary for correcting (calibrating) the sensor information, to the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′. Furthermore, the CPU 76 may encrypt information such as an identification signal and supply the encrypted identification information to the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′ wirelessly transmits a wireless signal S to which information such as an identification signal supplied from the CPU 76 is added based on the voltage V DD supplied from the power supply circuit 17.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′ may not include the identification signal storage unit 18b illustrated in FIG.
  • the wireless sensor device 10 q can transmit various information that can be output by the CPU 76 to the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′. Therefore, various information other than information for identifying the wireless sensor device 10q can be acquired on the wireless reception device 20 side, and a more advanced sensor system can be constructed.
  • FIGS. 21 and 22 for explaining the eighth embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same portions as those in FIGS. 1 to 20 explained in the first to seventh embodiments. Also in the eighth embodiment, the configuration on the radio receiving device 20 side is the same as that of the radio receiving device 20 described in the first and second embodiments, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
  • the wireless sensor device 10r shown in FIG. 21 is configured as a beat type DC current sensor. That is, the wireless sensor device 10 r includes a clamp sensor 81 configured by an annular conductor, and a measurement target line 81 a is disposed at the center of the clamp sensor 81. Wireless sensor device 10r measures a current value I 0 flowing through the object to be measured line 81a. Although not shown in FIG. 21, the clamp sensor 81 is configured to open and close so that the measurement target line 81a can be easily arranged.
  • a coil 81b is wound around the clamp sensor 81.
  • Inductance L of the coil 81b varies with the current value I 0 flowing through the object to be measured line 81a.
  • the wireless sensor device 10r uses the coil 81b as a sensor element. Specifically, as the wireless sensor device 10r, a DC voltage power supply 11 is provided, and a terminal from which the output DC voltage Vcc of the DC voltage power supply 11 is obtained is connected to the power supply circuit 17 via a series circuit of a coil 81b and a diode 84. Connecting.
  • the diode 84 has an anode connected to the coil 81b side and a cathode connected to the power supply circuit 17 side.
  • one end of the transistor 83 is connected to a connection point between the coil 81 b and the diode 84.
  • the transistor 83 for example, an N-channel MOSFET is used, and the drain is connected to the connection point between the coil 81b and the diode 84.
  • the oscillator 82 is connected to the gate of the transistor 83.
  • the oscillator 82 oscillates at a predetermined frequency (for example, a frequency of about 100 kHz), and the transistor 83 is repeatedly turned on and off in conjunction with the oscillation of the oscillator 82.
  • the source of the transistor 83 is connected to the ground potential portion GND of the DC voltage power supply 11.
  • the storage capacitor 13 is connected between the cathode of the diode 84 and the ground potential portion GND. Therefore, the voltage supplied to the power supply circuit 17 becomes the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13.
  • the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 is supplied to the voltage detection circuit 14.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 is a Schmitt trigger circuit that detects the voltage Vst charged in the storage capacitor 13 and outputs a detection signal according to the value of the voltage Vst.
  • the detection signal of the voltage detection circuit 14 is supplied to the enable terminal EN of the power supply circuit 17.
  • an LDO is used as the power supply circuit 17.
  • the power supply circuit 17 supplies the power supply voltage LDO OUT to the CPU (or MPU) 76 and the power supply input terminal V DD of the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′.
  • the CPU 76 supplies an identification signal and the like to the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′.
  • the radio transmission circuit 18 ′ consumes the voltage (power source) obtained at the power input terminal V DD as energy and transmits the radio signal S. Process.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′ adds an identification signal or the like supplied from the CPU 76 to the wireless signal S.
  • the power supply circuit 17, the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′, and the ground potential portion GND of the CPU 76 are connected to the ground potential portion of the DC voltage source 11.
  • FIG. 22 shows a current IL (FIG. 22A) and a voltage Vcc (FIG. 22B) supplied from the DC voltage power supply 11 to the storage capacitor 13 side.
  • the coil 81b disposed in the clamp sensor 81 is used as a current sensor element.
  • the transistor 83 driven by the oscillator 82 is connected, the current IL and the voltage Vcc. Fluctuates in conjunction with on / off of the transistor 83.
  • Imax is a current value of a pulse generated when the transistor 83 is turned on / off.
  • the power supply circuit (LDO) 17 is activated and the energy stored in the storage capacitor 13 is determined. Released with voltage.
  • the power source voltage LDO OUT is supplied to the CPU (or MPU) 76 and the radio transmission circuit 18 ′ using the constant voltage energy released from the power supply circuit 17, and the radio signal S is transmitted from the radio transmission circuit 18 ′. .
  • the inductance L of the coil 81b is changed by the current value I 0 flowing through the measurement target line 81a, the inductance L of the coil 81b becomes smaller the larger the current value I 0. For this reason, the speed at which energy is accumulated in the storage capacitor 13 is reduced.
  • the current value I 0 flowing through the measurement target line 81a can be detected from the reception interval of the wireless signal S.
  • An arithmetic expression or conversion table necessary for detecting the current value I 0 from the interval of the radio signals S may be stored in the radio reception device 20 in advance.
  • the wireless sensor device 10r shown in FIG. 21 functions as a direct current sensor.
  • FIGS. 23 to 25 for explaining the ninth embodiment, the same parts as those in FIGS. 1 to 22 explained in the first to eighth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals. Also in the ninth embodiment, the configuration on the radio receiving device 20 side is the same as that of the radio receiving device 20 described in the first and second embodiments, and the description is omitted.
  • the wireless sensor device 10s shown in FIG. 23 is configured as a beat type DC current sensor, similarly to the wireless sensor device 10r shown in FIG. Wireless sensor device 10s shown in FIG. 23, described below, by increasing the current value I 0 to be detected, since the transmission interval of the radio signal is shortened, the reverse change in the transmission interval and the radio sensor device 10r shown in FIG. 21 It is trying to become.
  • the wireless sensor device 10 s shown in FIG. 23 will be described.
  • the wireless sensor device 10 s includes a DC voltage power supply 11, and a terminal from which the output DC voltage Vcc of the DC voltage power supply 11 is obtained is connected to one end of the coil 86. Further, one end of a coil 87 b wound around the clamp sensor 87 is connected to the other end of the coil 86.
  • the clamp sensor 87 arranges the measurement target line 87a, and the wireless sensor device 10s measures the current value I 0 flowing through the measurement target line 87a.
  • the inductance of the coil 86 is L 1 and the inductance of the coil 87b attached to the clamp sensor 87 is L 2 .
  • Inductance L 1 is a fixed value
  • the inductance L 2 is varied by the current value I 0.
  • the anode of the diode 84 is connected to the other end of the coil 87b. Further, the drain of the transistor 83 is connected to a connection point between the coil 86 and the coil 87b.
  • Other configurations of the wireless sensor device 10s shown in FIG. 23 are the same as those of the wireless sensor device 10r shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 24 shows the detailed structure (FIG. 24A) and characteristics (FIG. 24B) of the clamp sensor 87.
  • the horizontal axis represents the current value I 0 [A]
  • the vertical axis represents the inductance L 2 [ ⁇ H] of the coil 87b.
  • the inductance L 2 is maximized when the current value I 0 is 0, and the inductance L 2 decreases as the current value increases in any of the + and ⁇ directions from the current value. .
  • the change characteristics of the current value I 0 and the inductance L 2 are not linear.
  • FIG. 25 shows the relationship between the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 and the output voltage LDO OUT of the power supply circuit 17.
  • the vertical axis in FIG. 25 is the voltage value, and the horizontal axis is the time.
  • the upper threshold value VH of the voltage detection circuit 14 is 2.6 V
  • the lower threshold value VL is 2.0 V
  • the output voltage LDO OUT of the power supply circuit (LDO) 17 is 1.9 V.
  • the power supply circuit 17 outputs a voltage LDO OUT of 1.9 V from the time when the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 reaches the upper threshold value VH to the time when it drops to the lower threshold value VL.
  • the wireless signal S is transmitted from the wireless transmission circuit 18 '.
  • the interval ti at which the output of the voltage LDO OUT repeats corresponds to the period at which the voltage Vst of the storage capacitor 13 changes.
  • the interval ti at which the voltage LDO OUT repeats output corresponds to the transmission interval of the radio signal S.
  • FIG. 26 to FIG. 28 for explaining the tenth embodiment, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 to FIG. 25 explained in the first to ninth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • 26, 27, and 28 show only the configurations of the wireless sensor devices 10t, 10u, and 10v of the three examples (Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3) of the wireless sensor system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. Indicates. Since the configuration on the radio receiving apparatus 20 side is the same as that of the radio receiving apparatus 20 described in the first and second embodiments, description thereof is omitted.
  • Each of the three wireless sensor devices 10t, 10u, and 10v shown in FIGS. 26 to 28 is configured as a voltage detection sensor that detects a small voltage.
  • the wireless sensor device 10t supplies the output voltage Vcc of the DC voltage source 11 to the drain of the transistor 92, and connects the source of the transistor 92 to the power supply circuit 17 side.
  • a DC voltage source 91 is connected to the gate of the transistor 92.
  • the wireless sensor device 10t detects the voltage value of the DC voltage source 91, and the transistor 92 is used as a variable resistor (sensor element) that depends on the gate voltage.
  • the transistor 92 As the transistor 92, a MOSFET, a MESFET, a bipolar transistor, or the like is used. Note that the DC voltage source 91 indicates a voltage detection location, and the voltage at the voltage detection target location may be obtained at the gate of the transistor 92.
  • the source of the transistor 92 is connected to one end of the storage capacitor 13, and the signal passing through the transistor 92 is stored in the storage capacitor 13.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 detects the voltage Vst charged in the storage capacitor 13 and outputs a detection signal according to the value of the voltage Vst.
  • the voltage detection circuit 14 is a Schmitt trigger circuit that outputs a detection signal according to the value of the voltage Vst.
  • the detection signal of the voltage detection circuit 14 is supplied to the enable terminal EN of the power supply circuit 17.
  • the power supply circuit 17 When the detection signal is supplied to the enable terminal EN, the power supply circuit 17 outputs a power supply voltage stabilized at a constant voltage to the power supply input terminal V DD of the wireless transmission circuit 18.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 consumes the voltage (power supply) obtained at the power input terminal V DD as energy and performs transmission processing of the wireless signal S.
  • the ground potential portion GND of the wireless transmission circuit 18 and the power supply circuit 17 is connected to the ground potential portion of the DC voltage source 11.
  • the other end of the storage capacitor 13 is also connected to the ground potential portion of the DC voltage source 11.
  • the resistance value of the transistor 92 as the sensor element changes according to the voltage value of the DC voltage source 91, and the wireless transmission circuit according to the change in the resistance value.
  • the interval at which the radio signal S is transmitted from 18 changes. Therefore, the radio reception device 20 can detect the voltage value of the DC voltage source 91 from the reception interval of the radio signal S.
  • the amplifier 92 Since the amplifier 92 is connected as shown in FIG. 27, even when the voltage of the DC voltage source 91 that is a voltage to be detected is small, the transmission interval of the radio signal S is appropriately changed by the voltage change, and the radio reception is performed.
  • the device 20 can appropriately detect the voltage.
  • the wireless sensor device 10v shown in FIG. 28 uses an AC voltage source 94 as a voltage source. That is, in the wireless sensor device 10v, the AC voltage output from the AC voltage source 94 is amplified by the amplifier 95 and rectified by the rectifying element 96. The DC voltage rectified by the rectifying element 96 is supplied to the gate of the transistor 92. About another structure, it is the same as that of the radio
  • the resistance value of the transistor 92 which is a sensor element, changes according to the AC voltage value of the AC voltage source 94, and from the wireless transmission circuit 18 according to the change in the resistance value.
  • the interval at which the radio signal S is transmitted changes. Therefore, in the wireless reception device 20, the resistance value of the transistor 92 that is the sensor element changes from the reception interval of the wireless signal S, and the interval at which the wireless signal S is transmitted from the wireless transmission circuit 18 according to the change in the resistance value. Changes. Therefore, the radio reception device 20 can detect the voltage value of the DC voltage source 91 from the reception interval of the radio signal S.
  • FIG. 29 shows the configuration of a wireless sensor device 10w of the wireless sensor system according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Since the configuration on the radio receiving apparatus 20 side is the same as that of the radio receiving apparatus 20 described in the first and second embodiments, description thereof is omitted.
  • a wireless sensor device 10 w shown in FIG. 29 is configured as a motion detection sensor and includes a Doppler radar 97.
  • the Doppler radar 97 emits radio waves to an object or human body whose movement is to be detected, receives the reflected wave, and detects the movement of the object or human body.
  • the wireless sensor device 10w uses the Doppler radar 97 as a sensor element.
  • the Doppler radar 97 detects a moving state (moving speed) of a moving object or a human body by using a shift generated between the transmission frequency and the reception frequency due to the Doppler effect.
  • the Doppler radar 97 detects the sleep state of the human body (determination of whether the human body is stationary or turning over).
  • the Doppler radar 97 is installed below the bed where the measurement subject sleeps, and detects the sleep state without contact with the measurement subject.
  • the Doppler radar 97 outputs an I signal (In-phase component) and a Q signal (Quadrature component) having different phases as detection signals. Then, one of the two signal components (here, I signal) is supplied to the amplifier 95 via the DC component cut capacitor 98 and amplified. Then, the I signal amplified by the amplifier 95 is supplied to the gate of the transistor 92. Similarly to the wireless sensor device 10v shown in the example of FIG. 28, the transistor 92 is supplied with the output voltage Vcc of the DC voltage source 11 at the drain, and the source is connected to the power supply circuit 17 side.
  • the Q signal output from the Doppler radar 97 is supplied to the respiration / heart rate sensor 99.
  • the respiration / heart rate sensor 99 acquires information on the respiration rate and heart rate of the human body from the detection signal.
  • the wireless sensor device 10w includes the respiration / heart rate sensor 99 as an example, and the respiration / heart rate sensor 99 may be omitted. Other configurations of the wireless sensor device 10w are the same as those of the wireless sensor device 10v illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 30 is a waveform diagram illustrating an operation example of the wireless sensor device 10w.
  • the vertical axis represents voltage
  • the horizontal axis represents time (seconds).
  • the example of FIG. 30 shows a state in which the movement gradually decreases from a state in which the movement of the measurement subject is large.
  • a voltage waveform VR1 illustrated in FIG. 30 indicates an I signal output from the Doppler radar 97.
  • the I signal VR1 vibrates at a constant frequency when there is a movement of the measurement subject, and the peak value changes in conjunction with the movement of the measurement subject. When the measurement subject does not move, the I signal VR1 has a substantially constant voltage value.
  • the transistor 92 sets the threshold value V th1 to be turned on to 4.5V.
  • the threshold V th1 In setting of the threshold V th1 of such transistors 92, in the example of FIG. 30, in the case of the state motion of the subject is large, in conjunction with the increase or decrease of the voltage value of the amplified signal V R2, the threshold V th1 It is turned on when the timing is exceeded, and turned off when the threshold Vth1 or less.
  • the storage capacitor 13 is charged only during the period when the transistor 92 is turned on.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 transmits the wireless signal S.
  • the wireless transmission circuit 18 stops after transmitting the wireless signal S, and continues discharging until the voltage of the storage capacitor 13 reaches the lower threshold value VL. Thereafter, charging is performed only for the time when the transistor 92h is turned on, but this operation is continued while the Doppler radar outputs an AC signal. With such an operation, the wireless transmission circuit 18 transmits the wireless signal S intermittently. While the radio signal S is transmitted intermittently, it corresponds to a period in which the subject is moving.
  • the amplified signal V R2 does not exceed 4.5V, the transistor 92 does not become completely ON state. For this reason, when there is no movement or a small movement of the measurement subject, the power supply circuit 17 does not operate and the wireless transmission circuit 18 does not transmit the wireless signal S.
  • FIG. 31 shows an example of a reception state at the wireless reception device 20 of the wireless signal S transmitted by the wireless sensor device 10w.
  • the horizontal axis in FIG. 31 indicates time (minutes) from the start of measurement, and the vertical axis indicates the number of beats (1 / s) of the radio signal S per second.
  • there is a first measurement subject's movement m1 immediately after the start of measurement and there is a second measurement subject's movement m2 about 20 seconds after the first measurement subject's movement m1.
  • the third, fourth, and fifth movements m3, m4, and m5 occur. Each movement corresponds to the measurement subject turning over.
  • the wireless sensor device 10w As shown in FIG. 31, it is possible to measure the timing at which a movement corresponding to turning over has occurred in the measurement subject during sleep. Conventionally, when such a movement during sleep is measured by a radar, it has been necessary to perform frequency analysis on the output of the Doppler radar using a fast Fourier transform or the like, and it has been necessary to continuously perform heavy signal processing. On the other hand, in the case of the wireless sensor device 10w shown in FIG. 29, it is only necessary to transmit the wireless signal S based on the output of the Doppler radar 29, which is a very simple configuration and consumes less power. It becomes possible to detect. In the case of the wireless sensor device 10w shown in FIG.
  • the respiration / heart rate sensor 99 can detect the respiration rate and the heart rate using the output of the Doppler radar 29. Therefore, a comprehensive diagnosis of the sleep state of the measurement subject is performed by comprehensively evaluating the period of turning detected from the transmission state of the wireless signal S and the detection of the respiration rate and heart rate by the respiration / heart rate sensor 99. Can also be done.
  • the wireless sensor device 10w is used to detect the sleep state of the measurement subject, and the wireless sensor device 10w may be used to detect the movement of an object or living body for other purposes.
  • the Doppler radar 29 may detect the movement of an object or a living body within a specific range and monitor the presence or absence of an intruder.
  • the respiration / heart rate sensor 99 is not necessary.
  • the respiration / heart rate sensor 99 may be installed to detect the heart rate of the person at the same time when the intruder (monitoring person) is detected.
  • the sensor elements that detect physical quantities described so far are suitable examples, and may be wireless sensor apparatuses that are connected to sensor elements that measure other physical quantities.
  • a wireless sensor device using various sensor elements can be configured as long as the sensor element can electrically detect a physical quantity, such as a sensor element that detects pressure (atmospheric pressure, tire pressure, etc.). .
  • the wireless sensor device shown in each of the drawings subsequent to FIG. 3 employs the configuration including the power supply circuit 17 described in FIG. 2, but the voltage detection circuit 14 is directly wireless as in the example of FIG.
  • other signals such as a MAC address uniquely assigned to the transmission processing unit can be identified as long as the signals can be identified by a plurality of wireless sensor devices existing in the system.
  • Wireless transmission may be performed.
  • only one value such as a voltage value is changed by a sensor element that detects a physical quantity, but a configuration in which a plurality of values are changed simultaneously according to the detected physical quantity.
  • a wireless sensor device may be used.
  • the configuration including the CPU 76 and the wireless transmission circuit 18 ′ shown in the wireless sensor device 10q shown in FIG. 20 of the seventh embodiment is applied to the wireless sensor device (device 10b, etc.) of the other embodiments. May be.
  • the CPU 76 By providing the CPU 76 in this way, the cumulative transmission number, attribute signal, or calibration signal described in the seventh embodiment is added as the radio signal S in addition to the identification signal (ID signal).
  • ID signal identification signal
  • the point that the CPU performs the generation and encryption processing of these various signals is also an example.
  • the circuit built in the wireless transmission circuit generates the cumulative transmission number and the encryption processing. You may make it perform.
  • resistor, 54 power supply terminal, 55, 56, 57 ... resistor, 61 ... photodiode (illuminance detection sensor element), 62 ... voltage converting resistor, 63 ... resistor, 71 ... solar cell, 72 ... diode 73 ... Secondary battery, 74 ... Energy harvesting power supply, 75 ... Stabilization power supply circuit, 76 ... Switch circuit, 76 ... CPU (central processing unit), 81 ... Clamp sensor, 81a ... Object to be measured IN, 81b ... Coil, 82 ... Oscillator, 83 ... Transistor, 84 ... Diode, 85 ... MPU, 86 ... Coil, 87 ... Clamp sensor, 87a ...

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention est équipée : d'une partie de circuit dans laquelle une source de tension continue, une résistance, et un condensateur-magasin sont connectés ; d'un circuit de détection de tension servant à détecter une tension obtenue par la partie de circuit ; et d'un circuit de transmission sans fil servant à émettre sans fil un signal d'identification prédéfini lorsqu'une tension détectée par le circuit de détection de tension a atteint une tension seuil. Un composant de capteur est agencé de sorte que la valeur de tension de la source de tension continue et/ou la valeur de résistance de la résistance et/ou la valeur de capacité du condensateur-magasin et/ou la valeur seuil détectée par le circuit de détection de tension change de manière corrélée à une quantité physique détectée, et le circuit de transmission sans fil émet par le réseau sans fil le signal d'identification à un intervalle corrélé à la quantité physique détectée par le composant de capteur. Par conséquent, le côté recevant le signal d'identification peut déterminer la valeur de la quantité physique à partir de l'intervalle de réception du signal d'identification.
PCT/JP2017/036434 2016-10-07 2017-10-06 Dispositif de capteur sans fil et système de capteur sans fil Ceased WO2018066687A1 (fr)

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