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WO2018065127A1 - Procédé de séparation de métal noble à partir d'un matériau réfractaire particulaire renfermant du métal noble - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation de métal noble à partir d'un matériau réfractaire particulaire renfermant du métal noble Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018065127A1
WO2018065127A1 PCT/EP2017/058917 EP2017058917W WO2018065127A1 WO 2018065127 A1 WO2018065127 A1 WO 2018065127A1 EP 2017058917 W EP2017058917 W EP 2017058917W WO 2018065127 A1 WO2018065127 A1 WO 2018065127A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refractory material
noble metal
fluidized bed
particulate
particulate refractory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2017/058917
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian KRAUSHAAR
Holger Winkler
Peter Schäfer
Jan RÖDER
Christoph Röhlich
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Heraeus Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Heraeus Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2018065127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018065127A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/048—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/06—Chloridising
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the separation of noble metal from particulate refractory material containing precious metals.
  • US 2,860,045 discloses the separation of platinum from a platinum-containing alumina support material by contacting it with gaseous aluminum chloride optionally in combination with a diluting carrier gas such as helium, nitrogen, chlorine, carbon dioxide, air, carbon monoxide, etc.
  • a diluting carrier gas such as helium, nitrogen, chlorine, carbon dioxide, air, carbon monoxide, etc.
  • Virtually complete separation of the noble metal means that the precious metal content of a particulate refractory metal containing refractory material has a typical starting value of the order of, for example, 0.01 to 5 wt% or 0.1 to 5 wt% to a residual content of the order of, for example 10 to 900 ppm by weight, in particular to a not economically reducible residual content in the order of, for example, 10 to 200 ppm by weight is lowered.
  • the object can be achieved with the method disclosed below for the separation of noble metal from particulate refractory material containing precious metals. The method comprises the steps:
  • a temperature in the range of 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C having and by means of an upward gas flow as a fluidized bed (fluidized bed, fluidized bed, English: fluidized bed) formed particulate refractory material (with an upward gas flow) with chlorine and gaseous aluminum chloride and optionally inert within the 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C hot fluid bed, and
  • the contacting or treatment of the particulate refractory material containing refractory material during step (2) is effected with chlorine and gaseous aluminum chloride by comprising, in the upward gas flow, a stream of a gaseous mixture or substantially gaseous Aluminum chloride, chlorine and optionally inert gas.
  • the method according to the invention then comprises the steps:
  • step (2) contacting the particulate noble metal-containing material provided in step (1) with a temperature in the range of 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, especially 300 to 500 ° C and formed by a upward flow of a gas mixture as a fluidized bed Refractory material with gaseous aluminum chloride, chlorine and optionally inert gas as constituents or the substantially sole components of in
  • the gas mixture in the preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the gas mixture or it consists essentially of gaseous aluminum chloride, chlorine and optionally inert gas.
  • particulate refractory material whose surface and / or pore surface is coated with precious metal and / or which is present in the form of a mixture associated with noble metal particles
  • the particulate refractory material serves as the particulate refractory material noble metal-containing refractory material as a noble metal carrier material and / or it constitutes a constituent of a said mixture.
  • precious metal or “noble metal-containing” are used. Unless otherwise noted, these terms refer to a single noble metal or a combination of different noble metals, each selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, palladium and rhodium, especially selected from the group made of platinum, palladium and rhodium.
  • Particulate refractory material or particles of refractory material are particles of inorganic non-metallic and against exposure to chlorine and aluminum chloride at high temperatures, for example in the range of 200 to
  • this may be ceramic refractory material
  • suitable refractory materials may for example be selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxides such as a- or ⁇ -alumina, Titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxides, mixed oxides such as cerium / zirconium mixed oxides, silicates such as aluminum silicates (eg cordierite, mullite, zeolites), titanates such as aluminum titanate, lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate, silicon carbides and Silicon nitrides.
  • the refractory materials may be doped, for example, with non-noble metals.
  • the refractory materials as such are free from precious metals.
  • the refractory materials may be alone or in combination, for example, as mixtures of different particulate refractory materials and / or in intraparticle combination. In general, the particles of refractory material are porous.
  • non-precious metals as used herein by those skilled in the art as noble metal-free except for a precious metal or noble metal residual content technically practically unavoidable for a particular material, for example in the range of> 0 to 10 ppm by weight.
  • particulate refractory material containing precious metals is provided, for example in the form of one or a mixture of several different types of noble metal-containing refractory particles or in the form of a mixture of noble metal-free and noble metal-containing respectively refractory particles or in the form of a mixture of noble metal particles and noble metal-free and / or or noble metal-containing refractory particles.
  • a mixture of noble metal-free and noble metal-containing respectively refractory particles or a mixture of noble metal particles and noble metal-free and / or noble metal-containing refractory particles may be a deliberately prepared mixture; in general, however, this is not the case and such a mixture may have arisen for technical reasons.
  • the particles of refractory material containing noble metal may have an absolute particle size, for example in the range from 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • examples of such particles are comminuted (spent) heterogeneous catalysts, crushed slag, precious metal dross, dried and crushed sludge, crushed electronic scrap, crushed mine concentrate, and crushed mine waste.
  • the noble metal content of the particulate refractory refractory material provided in step (1) is, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 10 wt% or 0.01 to 5 wt .-% or preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the total particulate refractory material containing precious metals.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals may be a material or a combination of different materials selected from the group consisting of crushed slag, noble metal dross, dried and crushed sludge, shredded electronic waste, minced mine concentrate, mined mine waste and noble metal heterogeneous catalyst.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals may be comminuted, e.g., ground, slag. Examples are noble metal-containing slags from a pyrometallurgical precious metal refining.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals may be precious metal dross, for example precious metal dross from the jewelery or dental field.
  • the precious metal dross (s) may be pretreated. For example, they may have been subjected to ashing and / or extraction with nitric acid and / or comminution, for example by grinding. By ashing, organic components can be removed, for example by pyrolysis and / or burning. Nitric acid-soluble substances, in particular nitric acid-soluble metals such as, for example, copper and silver, can be removed by an extraction with nitric acid.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals may be dried and comminuted, for example ground, sludge, for example from a hydrometallurgical precious metal refining. The sludge or sludges may also have been calcined.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals may be comminuted, for example ground, electronic scrap.
  • the electronic waste may also have been ashed or annealed. By annealing or Asphyxiate organic components can be removed, for example by pyrolysis and / or burning.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals may be comminuted, for example ground, mine-concentrate.
  • mine concentrates are noble metal mines originating, solid noble metal-containing and concentrated in terms of their precious metal content materials.
  • methods for concentration are conventional physical and / or chemical methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, flotation, pyrometallurgical melting methods and hydrometallurgical processes.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals may be comminuted, for example ground, mine waste.
  • examples are solid precious metal-containing mine waste from noble metal mines.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals is noble metal-containing heterogeneous catalyst, in particular consumed noble metal-containing heterogeneous catalyst.
  • Noble metal-containing heterogeneous catalyst can come from a variety of sources. For example, it may be spent used noble metal heterogeneous catalyst to spent exhaust air purification catalyst; spent exhaust gas purifying catalyst; spent combustion exhaust gas purifying catalyst; consumed diesel particulate filter; consumed catalysts used for clean gas production; and / or spent process catalysts, for example from the chemical, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries act.
  • process catalysts are Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, reforming catalysts, catalysts used in the production of ethylene oxide and hydrogenation catalysts.
  • Heterogeneous catalysts may be, for example, (i) in the form of a non-washcoat-coated, but noble metal-containing, refractory carrier material, (ii) in the form of a washcoat coating containing noble metal, but themselves precious metal. free refractory carrier material or (iii) present in the form of a refining carrier material provided with a noble metal-containing washcoat coating and itself likewise containing precious metal. Washcoat coatings are known in the art; These are coatings which have been calcined after their application from so-called washcoat slurry and which contain or consist of noble metal-containing particles of refractory material.
  • Spent precious-metal-containing heterogeneous catalysts can be inherently particulate and sufficiently free of interfering impurities, so that they can be treated directly according to step (2) of the process according to the invention. Otherwise, they can first be comminuted by suitable methods known to those skilled in the art, for example ground and / or freed of undesired impurities, for example by calcining with or without admission of air. If appropriate, a reduction treatment, for example a thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere, may be carried out in order not to convert into elemental noble metal in elemental form, but for example as noble metal oxide in the particulate refractory material containing precious metals.
  • the temperature provided in step (1) is in the range from 200 to 650 ° C., preferably from 250 to 600 ° C., in particular from 300 to 500 ° C., and by means of an upward gas flow as fluidized bed formed particulate noble metal refractory material with chlorine, gaseous aluminum chloride and optionally inert gas within the 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C hot fluid layer brought into contact.
  • the particulate refractory material containing noble metal is or is formed by means of an upward gas flow as a fluidized bed, ie fluidized.
  • Methods and devices for forming a fluidized bed of a particulate solid are known in the art and require no special measures in the case of the particulate refractory material containing metal.
  • the fluidizing of the particulate refractory refractory material within a conventional fluidized bed reactor is conveniently, the apparatus or fluidized bed reactor used at 200 ° C to 650 ° C has resistant interior linings such as quartz glass, nickel base alloy (e.g. Hastelloy® C) or suitable inorganic non-metallic refractory material such as graphite to chlorine and aluminum chloride.
  • the fluidized bed is one or the reaction zone.
  • suitable inert gases are in particular nitrogen and noble gases such as argon.
  • the particulate refractory material containing precious metals is heated to 200 to 650 ° C and it is transferred by means of an upward gas flow in a simultaneously forming the reaction zone fluidized bed. This can be done in any chronological order or overlapping in time. In particular, the heating of the particulate refractory material containing refractory material can take place by means of the upward-directed gas flow heated to a corresponding temperature.
  • Chlorine, the optional inert gas and gaseous aluminum chloride can each be introduced into the fluidized bed individually and / or mixed.
  • the gases and / or the at least one gas mixture can be introduced in particular preheated.
  • Gaseous aluminum chloride may also be formed in situ from solid aluminum chloride mixed with the particulate refractory particulate metal within the fluidized bed.
  • the upwardly directed gas stream may include or consist of chlorine, gaseous aluminum chloride, the optional inert gas, or a mixture of two or each of these components.
  • the upwardly directed gas stream which serves to form the particulate refractory material containing noble metal as a fluidized bed is a stream of a gas mixture comprising or consisting essentially of gaseous aluminum chloride, chlorine and optionally inert gas.
  • the gas mixture is 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C hot, ie correspondingly preheated in the 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C hot Reaction zone initiated.
  • the gas mixture can thus effect the heating of the particulate refractory material containing precious metals.
  • the gas mixture can be generated separately.
  • the gas mixture comprises gaseous aluminum chloride, chlorine and optionally inert gas, preferably it consists essentially of gaseous aluminum chloride, chlorine and optionally inert gas.
  • inert gas is contained in the gas mixture.
  • the proportion by weight of the gaseous aluminum chloride in the gas mixture is for example in the range of 10 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 70 wt .-%, of chlorine, for example in the range of 10 to 40 wt .-%, preferably 15 to 30 wt. % and that of the inert gas, for example in the range of 0 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 50 wt .-%.
  • the fluidized bed or reaction zone is 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C hot. All substances contained therein, ie chlorine, gaseous aluminum chloride and the particulate noble metal-containing refractory material, but also the optional inert gas and the reaction products forming in the reaction zone have the prevailing temperature in the range of 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C or accept these.
  • the gas stream forming and flowing through the fluidized bed or reaction zone can have a volume flow in the range of, for example, 1 to 2.5 cubic meters per hour and per kg of particulate refractory material containing precious metals (ie per kg of particulate refractory material within the reaction zone).
  • the pressure can be in a range from atmospheric pressure to 1, 5 times that.
  • a temperature in the range of 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C having particulate noble metal-containing refractory material with chlorine and gaseous aluminum chloride within the 200 to 650 ° C. , preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C hot fluidized bed can already begin during the heating of the particulate refractory material refractory material or only after reaching the desired temperature in the particulate refractory material containing precious metals.
  • the contact or treatment time of the particulate refractory material containing noble metal with chlorine and gaseous aluminum chloride within the hot fluidized bed is usually chosen so that a separation of the noble metal from the particulate refractory material refractory material to the desired residual content or until the liberation of the precious metal is ensured (see Usually, the necessary contact or treatment time is in the range of, for example, 10 to 240 minutes, in particular 15 to 120 minutes
  • the contact or treatment duration of the particulate refractory material containing precious metals corresponds to its residence time
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out as a batch process or continuously, in the latter case preferably in such a way that over the conveying speed of the part icular refractory material containing noble metal through which the reaction zone forming fluidized bed through the contact or treatment time can be adjusted with the chlorine and the gaseous aluminum chloride.
  • the space in which the heating of the particulate refractory material containing refractory material takes place is also used as the reaction zone.
  • the reaction zone it is preferable to heat up the particulate refractory material containing noble metal in the reaction zone, ie within the fluidized bed or the area filled by the fluidized bed.
  • the preferred reaction zone is the area of the aforementioned fluidized-bed reactor filled by the fluidized bed.
  • the reaction zone formed as a fluidized bed houses a simple reaction system which comprises or essentially consists of the reactants noble metal, chlorine and gaseous aluminum chloride.
  • the gas stream flowing through the fluidized bed flows through the fluidized particulate refractory material containing precious metals.
  • the temperatures prevailing in the reaction zone in the range from 200 to 650 ° C., preferably from 250 to 600 ° C., in particular from 300 to 500 ° C., form gaseous aluminum, chlorine and noble metal-containing compounds, presumably aluminum and noble metal-containing chloride complexes.
  • the gaseous compounds containing aluminum, chlorine and noble metal are entrained with the hot gas stream derived in the upward direction from the reaction zone in step (3).
  • the formation of the particulate refractory material containing refractory material as a fluidized bed allows the efficient separation of precious metal from particulate refractory material, which is formulated in the beginning, not only with respect to the treatment of large quantities of particulate refractory material in a short time, but also with a view to achieving a uniformly low residual noble metal content in the particulate refractory material treated according to the invention when viewed at the single particle level.
  • the process according to the invention allows up to more than 99% by weight of the noble metal originally present on or in the particulate refractory material containing precious metals to be removed.
  • a gas stream ie the gas stream, which has flowed through or flowed through the fluidized bed representing the reaction zone, leaving the Fluidized bed in the upward direction derived from this.
  • the gas stream leaves the 200 to 650 ° C, preferably 250 to 600 ° C, in particular 300 to 500 ° C hot fluidized bed or reaction zone with appropriate temperature and can be derived in a formation and deposition of solid noble metal chloride permitting colder area, for example in a Area with resistant to the constituents of the gas stream inner surfaces and lower temperatures than those prevailing in the reaction zone.
  • said lower temperatures may be in the range of, for example, 180 to ⁇ 300 ° C.
  • the aluminum, chlorine and noble metal-containing compounds entrained in the gas stream decompose releasing noble metal chloride, while passing inert gas, unused chlorine and gaseous aluminum chloride, for example, into a gas scrubber.
  • the liberated from the noble metal or noble metal chloride or depleted gas stream of the fluidized bed in the sense of circulation are fed again.
  • the desired gas composition can be adjusted by adding chlorine as a result of the lack of chlorine and possibly also aluminum chloride.
  • the deposited noble metal chloride may be sorted or obtained as a mixture of different noble metal chlorides.
  • noble metal chlorides are PtC, PdC and RhCb.
  • the one or more deposited noble metal chlorides can be fed to a conventional treatment, for example a wet chemical treatment.
  • Example 1 6000 g of a milled catalyst (porous alumina support, platinum content 0.15% by weight) were suspended in a fluidized-bed reactor (60 cm long cylindrical 500 ° C. fluidized bed or reaction zone having an inner diameter of 15 cm) 60 For a few minutes with a flowing through the reaction zone gas mixture (67 wt .-% gaseous aluminum chloride, 18 wt .-% chlorine, 15 wt .-% nitrogen) fluidized. The volume flow of the gas mixture was 9.4 m 3 / h.
  • a fluidized-bed reactor 60 cm long cylindrical 500 ° C. fluidized bed or reaction zone having an inner diameter of 15 cm
  • 6000 g of a ground catalyst (porous alumina support, platinum content 0.15 wt .-%) were in a static tube furnace (75 cm long cylindrical 500 ° C hot reaction zone with an inner diameter of 12 cm) with a gas flowing through the reaction zone gas mixture (67 wt .-% gaseous aluminum chloride, 18 wt .-% chlorine, 15 wt .-% nitrogen).
  • the volume flow of the gas mixture was 70 liters / h.
  • 6000 g of a milled catalyst (porous alumina carrier, palladium content 0.1 wt .-%) were in a fluidized bed reactor (60 cm long cylindrical 400 ° C hot fluid or reaction zone with an inner diameter of 15 cm) for 60 minutes with a through the Fluidizing reaction zone flowing gas mixture (67 wt .-% gaseous aluminum chloride, 18 wt .-% chlorine, 15 wt .-% nitrogen).
  • the volume flow of the gas mixture was 9.4 m 3 / h.
  • 6000 g of a ground catalyst (porous alumina support, palladium content 0.1 wt .-%) were in a static tube furnace (75 cm long cylindrical 400 ° C hot reaction zone with an inner diameter of 12 cm) with a gas flowing through the reaction zone gas mixture (67 wt .-% gaseous aluminum chloride, 18 wt .-% chlorine, 15 wt .-% nitrogen).
  • the volume flow of the gas mixture was 70 liters / h.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de séparation de métal noble à partir d'un matériau réfractaire particulaire renfermant du métal noble, comprenant les étapes suivantes : (1) préparation d'un matériau réfractaire particulaire renfermant des métaux nobles (2), mise en contact du matériau réfractaire particulaire obtenu à l'étape (1), ayant une température comprise dans une plage 200 à 650°C et sous forme de lit fluidisé produit au moyen d'un courant gazeux dirigé vers le haut, avec du chlore et du chlorure d'aluminium gazeux et éventuellement un gaz inerte dans le lit fluidisé présentant une température de 200 à 650°C, et (3) dérivation d'un flux de gaz quittant le lit fluidisé dans le sens ascendant.
PCT/EP2017/058917 2016-10-07 2017-04-13 Procédé de séparation de métal noble à partir d'un matériau réfractaire particulaire renfermant du métal noble Ceased WO2018065127A1 (fr)

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EP16192809 2016-10-07
EP16192809.8 2016-10-07

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WO2018065127A1 true WO2018065127A1 (fr) 2018-04-12

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EP3763682A1 (fr) 2019-07-12 2021-01-13 Heraeus Quarzglas GmbH & Co. KG Purification de poudres de quartz par l'élimination de microparticules de matériaux réfractaires

Citations (4)

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US2860045A (en) * 1955-07-25 1958-11-11 Universal Oil Prod Co Method of removing platinum from a composite containing platinum and alumina
DE102007020142A1 (de) * 2007-04-26 2008-10-30 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Ruthenium aus einem rutheniumhaltigen geträgerten Katalysatormaterial
WO2010076297A2 (fr) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-08 Basf Se Procédé de récupération de ruthénium dans des catalyseurs usagés contenant de l'oxyde de ruthénium
EP2824201A1 (fr) * 2012-03-05 2015-01-14 Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Procédé de récupération de ruthénium à partir d'un catalyseur usagé d'oxyde d'aluminium chargé de ruthénium

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DE4305647A1 (de) * 1993-02-24 1994-08-25 Horst Dr Grosmann Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Wertmetallen aus gebrauchten Abgaskatalysatoren
EP3158094B1 (fr) * 2014-06-19 2020-02-26 Yeda Research and Development Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la récupération de métaux du groupe du platine à partir de catalyseurs usés

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US2860045A (en) * 1955-07-25 1958-11-11 Universal Oil Prod Co Method of removing platinum from a composite containing platinum and alumina
DE102007020142A1 (de) * 2007-04-26 2008-10-30 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Ruthenium aus einem rutheniumhaltigen geträgerten Katalysatormaterial
WO2010076297A2 (fr) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-08 Basf Se Procédé de récupération de ruthénium dans des catalyseurs usagés contenant de l'oxyde de ruthénium
EP2824201A1 (fr) * 2012-03-05 2015-01-14 Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Procédé de récupération de ruthénium à partir d'un catalyseur usagé d'oxyde d'aluminium chargé de ruthénium

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Title
DONG HAIGANG ET AL: "Recovery of platinum group metals from spent catalysts: A review", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERAL PROCESSING, vol. 145, 7 June 2015 (2015-06-07), pages 108 - 113, XP029313833, ISSN: 0301-7516, DOI: 10.1016/J.MINPRO.2015.06.009 *

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TWI648407B (zh) 2019-01-21

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