WO2017121696A1 - Vacuum pump having axially moveable bearing with permanent magnets - Google Patents
Vacuum pump having axially moveable bearing with permanent magnets Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017121696A1 WO2017121696A1 PCT/EP2017/050315 EP2017050315W WO2017121696A1 WO 2017121696 A1 WO2017121696 A1 WO 2017121696A1 EP 2017050315 W EP2017050315 W EP 2017050315W WO 2017121696 A1 WO2017121696 A1 WO 2017121696A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- rotor
- vacuum pump
- rotor shaft
- pump
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
- F04D19/042—Turbomolecular vacuum pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
- F04D19/048—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps comprising magnetic bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
- F04D29/64—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps
- F04D29/642—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps by adjusting the clearances between rotary and stationary parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/60—Shafts
- F05D2240/61—Hollow
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vacuum pump, in particular a turbomolecular vacuum pump.
- Vacuum pumps such as turbomolecular vacuum pumps, include a rotor element.
- the rotor element is composed, for example, in turbomolecular pumps of several rotor disks. At least one stator element cooperates with the at least one rotor element.
- the stator has a plurality of stator disks, wherein the rotor disks and stator disks are arranged alternately.
- the rotor element and the stator element could, for example, also be corresponding components of a Holweck pump, a Siegbahn pump, etc.
- the rotor element and the stator element are arranged in a pump housing.
- the rotor element is connected to a rotor shaft, which carries the at least one rotor element.
- the rotor shaft and the at least one rotor element may also be integrally formed.
- the rotor shaft is rotatably mounted in the housing via two bearing elements.
- electromagnetic bearings are particularly in the case of high-speed vacuum pumps, such as turbomolecular pumps. These have the particular advantage that no wear occurs and high speeds of more than 1500 U / min can be realized with such non-contact bearings.
- electromagnetic bearings have the disadvantage that the corresponding coils must be connected to a control device in order to accurately change the power supply, a high-precision axial Ensure alignment between the at least one rotor element and the at least one stator.
- the object of the invention is to provide a vacuum pump in which the axial adjustability of non-contact bearing is simplified.
- the vacuum pump according to the invention which is in particular a high-speed vacuum pump such as a turbomolecular pump, has a housing in which at least one rotor element and at least one stator element cooperating with the rotor element is arranged. Furthermore, a rotor shaft carrying the at least one rotor element is provided which, if appropriate, may be formed in one piece with individual or all rotor elements.
- the rotor shaft is supported by two bearing elements.
- the bearing elements for example, within a hollow rotor shaft, for example, a pin connected to the housing, be arranged, as well as the bearing elements on a pin of the Shaft be arranged and connected in a corresponding receiving device which is connected to the housing. Combinations of such, based on the rotor shaft, inside or outside bearing elements are possible.
- At least one of the bearing elements is designed as a permanent magnet bearing.
- the permanent magnet bearing has a stationary magnet element and a rotating magnet element connected to the rotor shaft.
- an actuator is connected to the stationary magnetic element.
- an axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element can take place. Due to the effective magnetic forces between the two permanent magnets is carried by moving the stationary magnetic element and a displacement of the rotating magnetic element and thereby an exact adjustment of the axial position between the at least one rotor element and the at least one stator.
- an actuator device which causes an axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element, it is possible in a simple manner to align the two permanent magnets exactly to each other.
- the second bearing element By displacing the stationary magnetic element, the axial force generated by the permanent magnet bearing is changed in the direction of the second bearing element.
- the second bearing element which also generates an opposing axial force, the change in the axial force generated by a displacement of the rotor element is compensated.
- the radial destabilization is significantly lower. It is also no longer necessary to provide electromagnetic bearings with a correspondingly complex control.
- the second bearing element could for example be designed as a rolling bearing. It is also particularly preferred to design the second bearing element as a permanent magnet bearing, so that both bearing elements are contactless bearings. In order to realize a non-contact bearing of the rotor, it is necessary to control at least forces or position in one direction.
- the vacuum pump has no thrust bearing.
- the axial forces are generated exclusively by the non-contact permanent magnet bearings, which are viewed in the axial direction in a balance of forces, which can be changed by a displacement of the stationary magnetic element such that the rotor element changes its axial position relative to the stator. Due to the lack of a thrust bearing, the rotor element of the vacuum pump is mounted completely non-contact stable, whereby the friction can be significantly reduced.
- the stationary magnetic element is axially displaceable via an actuator, it is preferred that only in a permanent magnet bearing, the stationary magnetic element is axially displaceable via an actuator.
- the actuator device is an electromechanical device.
- an actuator device for example, a, in particular finely controllable electric linear drive or the like, could be provided.
- electromechanically excitable membranes as the actuator device.
- this has in particular a plurality of piezo elements stacked on one another. By appropriate driving of these piezoelectric elements, an exact axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element can be realized.
- the actuator device is connected to a regulating or control device which regulates the axial displacement.
- a regulating or control device which regulates the axial displacement.
- the control / control device can thus take place an exact axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element.
- the control / regulating device is connected to a sensor device. With the aid of the sensor device, in particular, a detection of the position of the at least one rotor element and / or a detection of the relative position between the at least one rotor element and the at least one stator element take place.
- piezoelectric elements when using piezoelectric elements as the actuator device, it is possible to use the piezoelectric elements themselves as sensors, since it can be detected via the piezoelectric elements whether tensile forces or compressive forces act on them from the permanent magnets. Depending on these magnetic forces, a corresponding driving of the piezoelectric elements can take place.
- the sensor device in the actuator device and in particular to use the actuator device or elements of the actuator device itself as sensors.
- the second bearing element is an unregulated bearing element, wherein it is particularly preferred that this bearing element is also designed as a permanent magnet bearing.
- this bearing element is also designed as a permanent magnet bearing.
- the components of both designed as a permanent magnet bearing bearing elements are identical. As a result, a cost saving is possible and simplifies the installation.
- the stationary components of the bearing elements i. e.
- the two stationary magnetic elements of the two permanent magnet bearings are each arranged on a pin. The pin projects into the hollow rotor shaft, wherein the rotor shaft does not have to be hollow throughout.
- the projecting into the rotor shaft pin is connected to the actuator device.
- a fishing camp is provided at least in the designed as a permanent magnet bearing bearing element.
- This is preferably a ball bearing, which is used only in the overload of the magnetic bearing.
- both bearing elements are designed as contactless bearings, it is preferred that in each case a fishing camp is provided in the region of both bearing elements. The axial and radial directions can be secured by different bearings.
- the invention relates to a method for controlling the axial position of a rotor element of a vacuum pump as described above, wherein the axial position of the rotor element is achieved relative to the stator by displacing the stationary magnetic element.
- the activation of the actuator device which displaces the stationary magnetic element by the control / regulating device takes place.
- the figure shows a simplified schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a turbomolecular pump according to the invention.
- the turbomolecular pump has a plurality of rotor disks 10, which together form a rotor element.
- the rotor disks 10 are arranged on a rotor shaft 12 which is at least partially hollow in the illustrated embodiment.
- the rotor disks 10 cooperate with stator disks 14, which form a stator element.
- the rotor disks 10 and the stator disks 14 are alternately arranged in the axial direction.
- an unillustrated electric motor is connected to the shaft 12.
- the rotor shaft 12 could be mounted for example via bearing journals.
- the rotor shaft 12 has two recesses, in each of which a pin 16, 18 projects.
- a first bearing element 20 and a second bearing element 22 is arranged between the pins 16, 18 and the inside of the at least partially hollow rotor shaft 12.
- both bearing elements 20, 22 are permanent magnet bearings. These each have a provided on the inside of the rotor shaft 12 rotating magnetic element 24 and a connected to the respective pin 16, 18 stationary magnetic element 26.
- 18 catcher 28 are provided at the respective inner ends of the pins 16,.
- the two ends of the pins 16, 18 opposite can be connected to an inner region of the rotor shaft 12 pin-shaped projections 29.
- the pins 29 serve as axial stops.
- the pins 29 may be formed, for example, as ceramic pins, which faces a hard surface of the pins 16, 18.
- the pin 16 is connected in particular to a housing 30 surrounding the pump.
- the designed as a permanent magnet bearing bearing element 20 is formed as an unregulated bearing element.
- the interior part of the Permanent bearing 20 formed by the pin 16 can be moved for adjustment purposes.
- the pin 18 is connected to an intermediate element such as a connecting plate 32.
- the intermediate element 32 - or the pin 18 directly - is connected to an actuator 34.
- the actuator means an axial displacement of the pin 18 in the direction of an arrow 36 is possible.
- an axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element 26 takes place. In this way, a fine adjustment or alignment of the bearings between the rotor element 10 and the stator element 14 can take place.
- the actuator device 34 is connected to a control / regulating device 38 shown schematically. With the aid of the control / regulating device 38, an exact displacement of the stationary magnetic elements 26 in the direction of the arrow 36 can take place. For this purpose, it is preferred that, for example via an electrical line 40, the control / regulating device 38 is connected to sensors, not shown.
- the sensors are, in particular, sensors which detect the relative position between the stator element 14 and the rotor element 10. From the position detection can then be made in the direction of arrow 36 with the aid of the control / regulating device 38, a correspondingly precise control of the axial displacement.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Non-Positive Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
VAKUUMPUMPE MIT AXIAL VERSCHIEBBARER LAGERUNG MIT PERMANENTMAGNETEN VACUUM PUMP WITH AXIAL SHIFTABLE STORAGE WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vakuumpumpe, insbesondere eine Turbomolekularvakuumpumpe. The invention relates to a vacuum pump, in particular a turbomolecular vacuum pump.
Vakuumpumpen, wie beispielsweise Turbomolekularvakuumpumpen, weisen ein Rotorelement auf. Das Rotorelement ist beispielsweise bei Turbomolekularpumpen aus mehreren Rotorscheiben zusammengesetzt. Mit dem mindestens einen Rotorelement wirkt mindestens ein Statorelement zusammen. Bei einer Turbomolekularpumpe weist der Stator mehrere Statorscheiben auf, wobei die Rotorscheiben und Statorscheiben abwechselnd angeordnet sind. Ebenso könnte es sich bei dem Rotorelement und dem Statorelement beispielsweise auch um entsprechende Bauteile einer Holweckpumpe, einer Siegbahnpumpe etc. handeln. Das Rotorelement und das Statorelement sind in einem Pumpengehäuse angeordnet. Das Rotorelement ist mit einer Rotorwelle verbunden, die das mindestens eine Rotorelement trägt. Gegebenenfalls können die Rotorwelle und das mindestens eine Rotorelement auch einstückig ausgebildet sein. Die Rotorwelle ist in dem Gehäuse über zwei Lagerelemente drehbar gelagert. Insbesondere bei schnelldrehenden Vakuumpumpen, wie Turbomolekularpumpen, ist es bekannt als Lagerelemente elektromagnetische Lager vorzusehen . Diese haben insbesondere den Vorteil, dass kein Verschleiß auftritt und mit derartigen berührungslosen Lagern hohe Drehzahlen von insbesondere mehr als 1500 U/min realisiert werden können. Elektromagnetische Lager haben allerdings den Nachteil, dass die entsprechenden Spulen mit einer Steuereinrichtung verbunden sein müssen, um durch exaktes Verändern der Stromzufuhr eine hochpräzise axiale Ausrichtung zwischen dem mindestens einen Rotorelement und dem mindestens einen Statorelement zu gewährleisten. Vacuum pumps, such as turbomolecular vacuum pumps, include a rotor element. The rotor element is composed, for example, in turbomolecular pumps of several rotor disks. At least one stator element cooperates with the at least one rotor element. In a turbomolecular pump, the stator has a plurality of stator disks, wherein the rotor disks and stator disks are arranged alternately. Likewise, the rotor element and the stator element could, for example, also be corresponding components of a Holweck pump, a Siegbahn pump, etc. The rotor element and the stator element are arranged in a pump housing. The rotor element is connected to a rotor shaft, which carries the at least one rotor element. Optionally, the rotor shaft and the at least one rotor element may also be integrally formed. The rotor shaft is rotatably mounted in the housing via two bearing elements. Particularly in the case of high-speed vacuum pumps, such as turbomolecular pumps, it is known to provide electromagnetic bearings as bearing elements. These have the particular advantage that no wear occurs and high speeds of more than 1500 U / min can be realized with such non-contact bearings. However, electromagnetic bearings have the disadvantage that the corresponding coils must be connected to a control device in order to accurately change the power supply, a high-precision axial Ensure alignment between the at least one rotor element and the at least one stator.
Ferner ist es bekannt, als Lagerelemente Permanentmagnetlager vorzusehen. Um die exakte Lage zwischen Rotorelement und Statorelement sicherzustellen, muss die relative Lage der beiden Permanentmagnete des Lagers exakt eingehalten werden. Hierzu ist es bekannt, zusätzlich zu den Lagerelementen mit der Rotorwelle einen Permanentmagneten zu verbinden. Dieser Permanentmagnet wirkt mit einem mit einer Magnetspule verbundenen Joch zusammen. Durch exaktes Bestromen der Spule, die mit einer Steuereinrichtung verbunden ist, erfolgt ein entsprechendes axiales Verschieben der Rotorwelle und somit ein axiales Verschieben der Permanentmagnete der Permanentmagnetlager. Eine derartige axiale Verschiebung der Rotorwelle führt jedoch zu einer radialen Destabilisierung. Ferner ist diese Ausgestaltung technisch aufwändig. Furthermore, it is known to provide permanent magnet bearings as bearing elements. In order to ensure the exact position between the rotor element and the stator element, the relative position of the two permanent magnets of the bearing must be exactly maintained. For this purpose, it is known to connect a permanent magnet in addition to the bearing elements with the rotor shaft. This permanent magnet cooperates with a yoke connected to a solenoid coil. By exactly energizing the coil, which is connected to a control device, there is a corresponding axial displacement of the rotor shaft and thus an axial displacement of the permanent magnets of the permanent magnet bearings. However, such an axial displacement of the rotor shaft leads to a radial destabilization. Furthermore, this embodiment is technically complex.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vakuumpumpe zu schaffen, bei der die axiale Einstellbarkeit berührungsloser Lager vereinfacht ist. The object of the invention is to provide a vacuum pump in which the axial adjustability of non-contact bearing is simplified.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vakuumpumpe, bei der es sich insbesondere um eine schnelldrehende Vakuumpumpe wie eine Turbomolekularpumpe, handelt, weist ein Gehäuse auf, in dem mindestens ein Rotorelement und mindestens ein mit dem Rotorelement zusammenwirkendes Statorelement angeordnet ist. Ferner ist eine das mindestens eine Rotorelement tragende Rotorwelle vorgesehen, die ggf. mit einzelnen oder allen Rotorelementen einstückig ausgebildet sein kann. Die Rotorwelle ist von zwei Lagerelementen getragen. Hierbei können die Lagerelemente beispielsweise innerhalb einer hohlen Rotorwelle, beispielsweise einem mit dem Gehäuse verbundenen Zapfen, angeordnet sein, ebenso können die Lagerelemente auf einem Zapfen der Welle angeordnet sein und in einer entsprechenden Aufnahmevorrichtung, die mit dem Gehäuse verbunden ist, verbunden sein. Auch Kombinationen derartiger, bezogen auf die Rotorwelle, innen oder außen liegender Lagerelemente sind möglich. The vacuum pump according to the invention, which is in particular a high-speed vacuum pump such as a turbomolecular pump, has a housing in which at least one rotor element and at least one stator element cooperating with the rotor element is arranged. Furthermore, a rotor shaft carrying the at least one rotor element is provided which, if appropriate, may be formed in one piece with individual or all rotor elements. The rotor shaft is supported by two bearing elements. Here, the bearing elements, for example, within a hollow rotor shaft, for example, a pin connected to the housing, be arranged, as well as the bearing elements on a pin of the Shaft be arranged and connected in a corresponding receiving device which is connected to the housing. Combinations of such, based on the rotor shaft, inside or outside bearing elements are possible.
Erfindungsgemäß ist zumindest eines der Lagerelemente als Permanentmagnetlager ausgebildet. Das Permanentmagnetlager weist ein stationäres Magnetelement und ein mit der Rotorwelle verbundenes rotierendes Magnetelement auf. Zur axialen Einstellung der Lage der beiden Magnetelemente zueinander ist mit dem stationären Magnetelement eine Aktuatoreinrichtung verbunden. Mit Hilfe der Aktuatoreinrichtung kann ein axiales Verschieben des stationären Magnetelementes erfolgen. Aufgrund der wirkenden Magnetkräfte zwischen den beiden Permanentmagneten erfolgt durch das Verschieben des stationären Magnetelements auch ein Verschieben des rotierenden Magnetelements und hierdurch ein exaktes Einstellen der axialen Lage zwischen dem mindestens einen Rotorelement und dem mindestens einen Statorelement. Mit Hilfe einer derartigen Aktuatoreinrichtung, die eine axiale Verschiebung des stationären Magnetelements bewirkt, ist es auf einfache Weise möglich, die beiden Permanentmagnete exakt zueinander auszurichten . Durch ein Verschieben des stationären Magnetelements wird die durch das Permanentmagnetlager erzeugte axiale Kraft in Richtung des zweiten Lagerelements geändert. Durch das zweite Lagerelement, welches ebenfalls eine entgegengerichtete axiale Kraft erzeugt, wird die sich durch ein Verschieben des Rotorelements erzeugte Änderung der axialen Kraft ausgeglichen. Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft, dass auch beim Verwenden von Permanentmagnetlagern kein zusätzlicher, mit einer elektromagnetischen Spule zusammenwirkender, Magnet auf der Rotorwelle angeordnet werden muss. Hierdurch kann eine kompaktere Bauweise realisiert werden. Des Weiteren hat diese Ausgestaltung den Vorteil, dass die radiale Destabilisierung deutlich geringer ist. Es ist ferner nicht mehr erforderlich, elektromagnetische Lager mit einer entsprechend aufwändigen Steuerung vorzusehen. Das zweite Lagerelement könnte beispielsweise als Wälzlager ausgebildet sein. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, das zweite Lagerelement ebenfalls als Permanentmagnetlager auszubilden, so dass es sich bei beiden Lagerelementen um berührungslose Lager handelt. Um eine berührungslose Lagerung des Rotors zu realisieren ist es notwendig, zumindest Kräfte oder Lage in einer Richtung zu regeln. According to the invention, at least one of the bearing elements is designed as a permanent magnet bearing. The permanent magnet bearing has a stationary magnet element and a rotating magnet element connected to the rotor shaft. For axial adjustment of the position of the two magnetic elements to each other an actuator is connected to the stationary magnetic element. With the aid of the actuator device, an axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element can take place. Due to the effective magnetic forces between the two permanent magnets is carried by moving the stationary magnetic element and a displacement of the rotating magnetic element and thereby an exact adjustment of the axial position between the at least one rotor element and the at least one stator. With the aid of such an actuator device, which causes an axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element, it is possible in a simple manner to align the two permanent magnets exactly to each other. By displacing the stationary magnetic element, the axial force generated by the permanent magnet bearing is changed in the direction of the second bearing element. By the second bearing element, which also generates an opposing axial force, the change in the axial force generated by a displacement of the rotor element is compensated. In particular, it is advantageous that even when using permanent magnet bearings no additional, cooperating with an electromagnetic coil, magnet must be arranged on the rotor shaft. As a result, a more compact design can be realized. Furthermore, this embodiment has the advantage that the radial destabilization is significantly lower. It is also no longer necessary to provide electromagnetic bearings with a correspondingly complex control. The second bearing element could for example be designed as a rolling bearing. It is also particularly preferred to design the second bearing element as a permanent magnet bearing, so that both bearing elements are contactless bearings. In order to realize a non-contact bearing of the rotor, it is necessary to control at least forces or position in one direction.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform, insbesondere sofern beide Lagerelemente als berührungslose Lagerelemente ausgebildet sind, weist die Vakuumpumpe kein Axiallager auf. Die axialen Kräfte werden ausschließlich durch die berührungslosen Permanentmagnetlager erzeugt, wobei diese in axialer Richtung betrachtet in einem Kräftegleichgewicht stehen, welches durch ein Verschieben des stationären Magnetelements derart geändert werden kann, dass das Rotorelement seine axiale Lage relativ zu dem Statorelement ändert. Durch das Fehlen eines Axiallagers ist das Rotorelement der Vakuumpumpe vollständig berührungslos stabil gelagert, wodurch die Reibung deutlich reduziert werden kann. In a preferred embodiment, in particular if both bearing elements are designed as contactless bearing elements, the vacuum pump has no thrust bearing. The axial forces are generated exclusively by the non-contact permanent magnet bearings, which are viewed in the axial direction in a balance of forces, which can be changed by a displacement of the stationary magnetic element such that the rotor element changes its axial position relative to the stator. Due to the lack of a thrust bearing, the rotor element of the vacuum pump is mounted completely non-contact stable, whereby the friction can be significantly reduced.
Wenngleich es prinzipiell möglich ist, dass bei beiden als Permanentlager ausgebildeten Lagerelementen das stationäre Magnetelement über eine Aktuatoreinrichtung axial verschiebbar ausgebildet ist, ist es bevorzugt, dass nur bei einem Permanentmagnetlager das stationäre Magnetelement axial über eine Aktuatoreinrichtung verschiebbar ist. Although it is possible in principle for both bearing elements formed as a permanent bearing, the stationary magnetic element is axially displaceable via an actuator, it is preferred that only in a permanent magnet bearing, the stationary magnetic element is axially displaceable via an actuator.
Bei der Aktuatoreinrichtung handelt es sich in bevorzugter Ausführungsform um eine elektromechanische Einrichtung. Als Aktuatoreinrichtung könnte beispielsweise ein, insbesondere fein ansteuerbarer elektrischer Linarantrieb oder dergleichen, vorgesehen sein. Ferner ist es möglich als Aktuatoreinrichtung elektromechanisch anregbare Membranen vorzusehen. Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Aktuatoreinrichtung weist diese insbesondere mehrere aufeinander gestapelte Piezoelemente auf. Durch entsprechendes Ansteuern dieser Piezoelemente kann eine exakte axiale Verschiebung des stationären Magnetelements realisiert werden . In the preferred embodiment, the actuator device is an electromechanical device. As an actuator device, for example, a, in particular finely controllable electric linear drive or the like, could be provided. Furthermore, it is possible to provide electromechanically excitable membranes as the actuator device. In a further preferred embodiment of the actuator device, this has in particular a plurality of piezo elements stacked on one another. By appropriate driving of these piezoelectric elements, an exact axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element can be realized.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Aktuatoreinrichtung mit einer die Axialverschiebung regelnden Regel- bzw. Steuereinrichtung verbunden. Mit Hilfe der Regel-/Steuereinrichtung kann somit eine exakte axiale Verschiebung des stationären Magnetelements erfolgen. Bevorzugt ist es hierbei, dass die Regel-/Steuereinrichtung mit einer Sensoreinrichtung verbunden ist. Mit Hilfe der Sensoreinrichtung erfolgen insbesondere ein Detektieren der Lage des mindestens einen Rotorelements und/oder ein Detektieren der relativen Lage zwischen dem mindestens einen Rotorelement und dem mindestens einen Statorelement. Beispielsweise bei der Verwendung von Piezoelementen als Aktuatoreinrichtung ist es möglich, die Piezoelemente selbst als Sensoren zu nutzen, da über die Piezoelemente detektiert werden kann, ob auf diese von den Permanentmagneten Zug- oder Druckkräfte wirken. In Abhängigkeit dieser Magnetkräfte kann ein entsprechendes Ansteuern der Piezoelemente erfolgen. Unabhängig von der Verwendung von Piezoelementen als Aktuatoreinrichtung ist es bevorzugt, die Sensoreinrichtung in die Aktuatoreinrichtung zu integrieren und insbesondere die Aktuatoreinrichtung oder Elemente der Aktuatoreinrichtung selbst als Sensoren zu nutzen. In a further preferred embodiment, the actuator device is connected to a regulating or control device which regulates the axial displacement. With the help of the control / control device can thus take place an exact axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element. It is preferred in this case that the control / regulating device is connected to a sensor device. With the aid of the sensor device, in particular, a detection of the position of the at least one rotor element and / or a detection of the relative position between the at least one rotor element and the at least one stator element take place. For example, when using piezoelectric elements as the actuator device, it is possible to use the piezoelectric elements themselves as sensors, since it can be detected via the piezoelectric elements whether tensile forces or compressive forces act on them from the permanent magnets. Depending on these magnetic forces, a corresponding driving of the piezoelectric elements can take place. Regardless of the use of piezoelectric elements as the actuator device, it is preferable to integrate the sensor device in the actuator device and in particular to use the actuator device or elements of the actuator device itself as sensors.
In besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei dem zweiten Lagerelement um ein ungeregeltes Lagerelement, wobei es insbesondere bevorzugt ist, dass dieses Lagerelement ebenfalls als Permanentmagnetlager ausgebildet ist. Hierbei ist es wiederum bevorzugt, dass die Bauteile beider als Permanentmagnetlager ausgebildeten Lagerelemente identisch sind . Hierdurch ist eine Kosteneinsparung möglich und die Montage vereinfacht. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the second bearing element is an unregulated bearing element, wherein it is particularly preferred that this bearing element is also designed as a permanent magnet bearing. Here, it is again preferred that the components of both designed as a permanent magnet bearing bearing elements are identical. As a result, a cost saving is possible and simplifies the installation.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist zumindest eines, insbesondere beide Lagerelemente innerhalb der Rotorelemente, insbesondere innerhalb der Rotorwelle angeordnet, so dass eine kompakte Bauweise möglich ist. Hierbei ist es bevorzugt, dass die stationären Bauteile der Lagerelemente, d .h. in bevorzugter Ausführungsform die beiden stationären Magnetelemente der beiden Permanentmagnetlager, jeweils auf einem Zapfen angeordnet sind. Der Zapfen ragt in die hohl ausgebildete Rotorwelle, wobei die Rotorwelle nicht durchgehend hohl ausgebildet sein muss. In a preferred embodiment, at least one, in particular both bearing elements within the rotor elements, in particular arranged within the rotor shaft, so that a compact design is possible. in this connection it is preferred that the stationary components of the bearing elements, i. e. In a preferred embodiment, the two stationary magnetic elements of the two permanent magnet bearings are each arranged on a pin. The pin projects into the hollow rotor shaft, wherein the rotor shaft does not have to be hollow throughout.
Bei der Anordnung des geregelten Lagerelements innerhalb der Rotorwelle ist es bevorzugt, dass der in die Rotorwelle ragende Zapfen mit der Aktuatoreinrichtung verbunden ist. In the arrangement of the controlled bearing element within the rotor shaft, it is preferred that the projecting into the rotor shaft pin is connected to the actuator device.
Des Weiteren ist es bevorzugt, dass zumindest bei dem als Permanentmagnetlager ausgebildeten Lagerelement ein Fanglager vorgesehen ist. Bei diesem handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Kugellager, das nur bei der Überlastung des Magnetlagers zum Einsatz kommt. Sofern beide Lagerelemente als berührungslose Lager ausgebildet sind, ist es bevorzugt, dass im Bereich beider Lagerelemente jeweils ein Fanglager vorgesehen ist. Die axialen und radialen Richtungen können durch unterschiedliche Lager abgesichert werden. Furthermore, it is preferred that at least in the designed as a permanent magnet bearing bearing element a fishing camp is provided. This is preferably a ball bearing, which is used only in the overload of the magnetic bearing. If both bearing elements are designed as contactless bearings, it is preferred that in each case a fishing camp is provided in the region of both bearing elements. The axial and radial directions can be secured by different bearings.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der axialen Position eines Rotorelements einer Vakuumpumpe wie vorstehend beschrieben, wobei die axiale Position des Rotorelements relativ zum Statorelement durch Verschieben des stationären Magnetelements erreicht wird. Insbesondere bei Vorsehen einer regelnden Steuer-/Regeleinrichtung erfolgt die Ansteuerung der Aktuatoreinrichtung, welche das stationäre Magnetelement verschiebt durch die Steuer-/Regeleinrichtung. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for controlling the axial position of a rotor element of a vacuum pump as described above, wherein the axial position of the rotor element is achieved relative to the stator by displacing the stationary magnetic element. In particular, when providing a regulating control / regulating device, the activation of the actuator device which displaces the stationary magnetic element by the control / regulating device takes place.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawing.
Die Figur zeigt eine vereinfachte schematische Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform einer Turbomolekularpumpe. Die Turbomolekularpumpe weist mehrere Rotorscheiben 10 auf, die zusammen ein Rotorelement ausbilden. Die Rotorscheiben 10 sind auf einer im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als zumindest teilweise hohl ausgebildeten Rotorwelle 12 angeordnet. Mit den Rotorscheiben 10 wirken Statorscheiben 14 zusammen, die ein Statorelement ausbilden. Die Rotorscheiben 10 und die Statorscheiben 14 sind in axialer Richtung abwechselnd angeordnet. Zum Antrieb des Rotorelements 10 ist mit der Welle 12 ein nicht dargestellter Elektromotor verbunden. The figure shows a simplified schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a turbomolecular pump according to the invention. The turbomolecular pump has a plurality of rotor disks 10, which together form a rotor element. The rotor disks 10 are arranged on a rotor shaft 12 which is at least partially hollow in the illustrated embodiment. The rotor disks 10 cooperate with stator disks 14, which form a stator element. The rotor disks 10 and the stator disks 14 are alternately arranged in the axial direction. To drive the rotor element 10, an unillustrated electric motor is connected to the shaft 12.
Die Rotorwelle 12 könnte beispielsweise über Lagerzapfen gelagert sein. Zur Ausbildung einer kompakten Pumpe weist die Rotorwelle 12 zwei Ausnehmungen auf, in die jeweils ein Zapfen 16, 18 ragt. Zwischen den Zapfen 16, 18 und der Innenseite der zumindest teilweise hohl ausgebildeten Rotorwelle 12 ist ein erstes Lagerelement 20 und ein zweites Lagerelement 22 angeordnet. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich bei beiden Lagerelementen 20, 22 um Permanentmagnetlager. Diese weisen jeweils ein an der Innenseite der Rotorwelle 12 vorgesehenes rotierendes Magnetelement 24 und ein mit dem jeweiligen Zapfen 16, 18 verbundenes stationäres Magnetelement 26 auf. Des Weiteren sind an den jeweils innenliegenden Enden der Zapfen 16, 18 Fanglager 28 vorgesehen. The rotor shaft 12 could be mounted for example via bearing journals. To form a compact pump, the rotor shaft 12 has two recesses, in each of which a pin 16, 18 projects. Between the pins 16, 18 and the inside of the at least partially hollow rotor shaft 12, a first bearing element 20 and a second bearing element 22 is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, both bearing elements 20, 22 are permanent magnet bearings. These each have a provided on the inside of the rotor shaft 12 rotating magnetic element 24 and a connected to the respective pin 16, 18 stationary magnetic element 26. Furthermore, 18 catcher 28 are provided at the respective inner ends of the pins 16,.
Die beiden Enden der Zapfen 16, 18 gegenüberliegend können mit einem Innenbereich der Rotorwelle 12 stiftförmige Ansätze 29 verbunden sein. Die Stifte 29 dienen als axiale Anschläge. Die Stifte 29 können beispielsweise als Keramikstifte ausgebildet sein, denen eine harte Oberfläche der Zapfen 16, 18 gegenüberliegt. The two ends of the pins 16, 18 opposite can be connected to an inner region of the rotor shaft 12 pin-shaped projections 29. The pins 29 serve as axial stops. The pins 29 may be formed, for example, as ceramic pins, which faces a hard surface of the pins 16, 18.
Der Zapfen 16 ist insbesondere mit einem die Pumpe umgebenden Gehäuse 30 verbunden. Das als Permanentmagnetlager ausgebildete Lagerelement 20 ist als ungeregeltes Lagerelement ausgebildet. Der Innere Teil des Permanentlagers 20 gebildet durch den Zapfen 16 kann zu Justagezwecken verschoben werden. The pin 16 is connected in particular to a housing 30 surrounding the pump. The designed as a permanent magnet bearing bearing element 20 is formed as an unregulated bearing element. The interior part of the Permanent bearing 20 formed by the pin 16 can be moved for adjustment purposes.
Der Zapfen 18 ist mit einem Zwischenelement wie einer Verbindungsplatte 32 verbunden. Das Zwischenelement 32 - oder auch der Zapfen 18 unmittelbar - ist mit einer Aktuatoreinrichtung 34 verbunden. Durch die Aktuatoreinrichtung ist ein axiales Verschieben des Zapfens 18 in Richtung eines Pfeils 36 möglich. Durch die axiale Verschiebung des Zapfens 18 erfolgt ein axiales Verschieben des stationären Magnetelements 26. Hierdurch kann eine Feinjustage bzw. Ausrichtung der Lager zwischen dem Rotorelement 10 und dem Statorelement 14 erfolgen. The pin 18 is connected to an intermediate element such as a connecting plate 32. The intermediate element 32 - or the pin 18 directly - is connected to an actuator 34. By the actuator means an axial displacement of the pin 18 in the direction of an arrow 36 is possible. As a result of the axial displacement of the pin 18, an axial displacement of the stationary magnetic element 26 takes place. In this way, a fine adjustment or alignment of the bearings between the rotor element 10 and the stator element 14 can take place.
Die Aktuatoreinrichtung 34 ist mit einer schematisch dargestellten Steuer- /Regeleinrichtung 38 verbunden. Mit Hilfe der Steuer-/Regeleinrichtung 38 kann ein exaktes Verschieben der stationären Magnetelemente 26 in Richtung des Pfeils 36 erfolgen. Hierzu ist es bevorzugt, dass beispielsweise über eine elektrische Leitung 40 die Steuer-/Regeleinrichtung 38 mit nicht dargestellten Sensoren verbunden ist. Bei den Sensoren handelt es sich insbesondere um Sensoren, die die relative Lage zwischen dem Statorelement 14 und dem Rotorelement 10 detektieren. Aus der Lagedetektion kann sodann mit Hilfe der Steuer-/Regeleinrichtung 38 eine entsprechend exakte Steuerung der Axialverschiebung in Richtung des Pfeils 36 vorgenommen werden. The actuator device 34 is connected to a control / regulating device 38 shown schematically. With the aid of the control / regulating device 38, an exact displacement of the stationary magnetic elements 26 in the direction of the arrow 36 can take place. For this purpose, it is preferred that, for example via an electrical line 40, the control / regulating device 38 is connected to sensors, not shown. The sensors are, in particular, sensors which detect the relative position between the stator element 14 and the rotor element 10. From the position detection can then be made in the direction of arrow 36 with the aid of the control / regulating device 38, a correspondingly precise control of the axial displacement.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202016000085.4 | 2016-01-11 | ||
| DE202016000085.4U DE202016000085U1 (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2016-01-11 | vacuum pump |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2017121696A1 true WO2017121696A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
Family
ID=57758638
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2017/050315 Ceased WO2017121696A1 (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2017-01-09 | Vacuum pump having axially moveable bearing with permanent magnets |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE202016000085U1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017121696A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190145418A1 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-16 | L Dean Stansbury | Turbomolecular vacuum pump for ionized matter and plasma fields |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3444478B1 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2024-10-16 | Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh | Vacuum pump |
| WO2019199321A1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-17 | Dresser-Rand Company | Centrifugal compressor with shaftless impeller |
| GB2578899B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-05-26 | Edwards Ltd | Vacuum pump |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0642531A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-15 | Ebara Corp | Magnetic bearing device and control thereof |
| EP2884125A2 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh | Rotating system |
-
2016
- 2016-01-11 DE DE202016000085.4U patent/DE202016000085U1/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-01-09 WO PCT/EP2017/050315 patent/WO2017121696A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0642531A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-15 | Ebara Corp | Magnetic bearing device and control thereof |
| EP2884125A2 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh | Rotating system |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190145418A1 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-16 | L Dean Stansbury | Turbomolecular vacuum pump for ionized matter and plasma fields |
| US10557471B2 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2020-02-11 | L Dean Stansbury | Turbomolecular vacuum pump for ionized matter and plasma fields |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE202016000085U1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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