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WO2017101214A1 - 锂离子电容器及其化成方法 - Google Patents

锂离子电容器及其化成方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017101214A1
WO2017101214A1 PCT/CN2016/074522 CN2016074522W WO2017101214A1 WO 2017101214 A1 WO2017101214 A1 WO 2017101214A1 CN 2016074522 W CN2016074522 W CN 2016074522W WO 2017101214 A1 WO2017101214 A1 WO 2017101214A1
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Prior art keywords
lithium
lithium ion
ion capacitor
negative electrode
positive electrode
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PCT/CN2016/074522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴明霞
安仲勋
黄廷立
颜亮亮
范羚羚
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Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co Ltd
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Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/768,890 priority Critical patent/US20180301289A1/en
Priority to EP16874280.7A priority patent/EP3355329B1/en
Priority to DK16874280.7T priority patent/DK3355329T3/da
Priority to RS20210880A priority patent/RS62114B1/sr
Publication of WO2017101214A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101214A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/46—Metal oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lithium ion capacitor and a method for forming the same.
  • the battery negative electrode generally uses a carbon material such as graphite
  • the positive electrode uses a lithium-containing metal oxide such as lithium cobaltate or lithium manganate.
  • the positive electrode supplies lithium ions to the negative electrode during charging, and the lithium ion of the negative electrode returns to the positive electrode during discharge, so it is called a "rocking chair type battery".
  • the negative electrode material is liable to undergo structural deformation during the process of deintercalating lithium, the cycle life of the lithium ion secondary battery is still restricted. Therefore, in recent years, the research on the system of combining lithium ion secondary batteries and supercapacitors has become a new hot spot.
  • the supercapacitor and the lithium ion secondary battery energy storage system there are two ways to combine the supercapacitor and the lithium ion secondary battery energy storage system: one is “external combination”, that is, the two monomers are combined into one energy storage device or system through the power management system. The other is “inner bonding”, which combines the two organically in the same monomer.
  • the “integrated” power supply system has the advantages of high specific power, small weight and small volume, low cost, and can ensure the consistency of the unit and reduce the complexity of the management system, so it has become the focus of current research.
  • the negative electrode is lithium ion energy storage.
  • the high voltage of the system can achieve high power, and the positive electrode has double layer energy storage and lithium ion.
  • Chemical energy storage therefore, can increase the specific energy at the same time, is the most ideal system, but because the positive electrode has different energy storage methods, and the potential of the stored energy is not completely matched, how to uniformly pre-do it is a difficult problem.
  • holes are formed in the positive and negative current collectors so that the lithium sheets at both ends of the cells are pre-doped as a lithium source.
  • Lithium ion energy released by lithium sheet in this method A hole that passes through the surface of the current collector reaches the surface of the negative electrode to complete pre-doping.
  • this method requires a hole current collector (the current collector is high in cost, and there is currently no manufacturer capable of mass production in China), and at the same time, in order to ensure the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of the current collector, due to the hole of the porous current collector itself It is impossible to be excessive, so the actual passing rate of lithium ions is low, and pre-doping cannot be completed quickly.
  • the uniformity of the state of the active material in each part of the negative pole piece is the key to the uniformity of the capacitor unit, and it is determined whether the capacitor can be used in multiple series in series in the future.
  • the main object of the present invention is to solve the defects in the prior art that the pre-doping uniform effect is not good.
  • a lithium ion capacitor comprising a porous carbon and a lithium intercalation metal oxide, and the negative electrode being a non-graphitizable carbon, the metal lithium electrode being placed opposite to the cell and separated by a separator.
  • the current collector is a low-cost, simple, porous collector.
  • the lithium intercalation metal oxide in the positive electrode includes lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium manganate, lithium manganate, lithium permanganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium nickelate, lithium iron phosphate, and lithium vanadium phosphate One of them.
  • the pole piece has a size of 43 ⁇ 30 mm, a positive surface density of 160 g/m 2 , a negative surface density of 85 g/m 2 , a positive electrode piece of 15 pieces, and a negative electrode piece of 16 pieces, which are coated with a cellulose ester separator. Place a piece of lithium on each side of the core.
  • the invention also includes a method for forming a lithium ion capacitor, comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 insert lithium into the negative electrode by using lithium oxide as a lithium source in the positive electrode;
  • step 2 lithium ion supplementation is performed on the positive electrode delithiation metal oxide by the third electrode lithium plate.
  • Step 1 solves the problem that the current collector cannot do the lithium ions uniformly and vertically doping the negative electrode because it has no pores. This step enables the negative electrode to form a uniform SEI film while the negative electrode carbon material is in a uniform lithium intercalation state. Step 2 supplements the lithium required for recovery of the de-lithium state of the positive electrode. At the same time, the two steps are beneficial to the balance matching between the lithium-containing oxide of the positive electrode and the positive electrode active carbon.
  • step 1 is divided into two steps:
  • the first step current is 0.01C ⁇ 0.05C, and the charging time is 2 ⁇ 10h.
  • the second step current is 0.2 to 1C.
  • the current used in step 2 is 0.2 to 1 C.
  • the total charging capacity of step 1 is 20%-50% of the total capacity of the negative electrode.
  • the charging capacity of step 2 is equal to the charging capacity of step 1.
  • the invention uses two steps to form a lithium ion capacitor into a pre-doped state, which can make the doping of the negative electrode more stable, high-efficiency and uniformity, improve the cycle life of the capacitor, and improve the consistency of the capacitor.
  • the assembly of modules and systems is very beneficial.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lithium ion capacitor in an embodiment
  • Figure 3 is an embodiment 6 to 10, continued from Figure 2,
  • FIG. 4 is an embodiment 11 to 12, and FIG. 3 is continued.
  • the positive electrode includes porous carbon and lithium intercalation metal oxide, and the negative electrode is non-graphitizable carbon, and the lithium metal electrode is placed opposite to the cell and separated by a separator.
  • the current collector is a low-cost, simple, porous collector.
  • a lithium ion capacitor is prepared, and the positive electrode recipe and the negative electrode formula are shown in Figures 2 to 4.
  • the pole piece size was 43 ⁇ 30 mm
  • the positive surface density was 160 g/m 2
  • the negative electrode surface density was 85 g/m 2
  • the positive electrode piece was 15 pieces
  • the negative electrode piece was 16 pieces.
  • the cellulose ester membrane is used for coating, and a lithium piece is placed on each side of the cell.
  • the lithium ion capacitor is formed.
  • Step 1 Lithium is intercalated with lithium oxide embedded in the positive electrode as a lithium source, and the middle cell is charged, first charged with a small current for a certain period of time, and then charged to the negative electrode with a large current. 30% of the total capacity.
  • Step 2 Lithium ion replenishment is performed on the positive electrode delithiation metal oxide by the third electrode lithium plate, and the charging capacity is the charging capacity of the step 1.
  • the formed current and charging time are shown in Figures 2 to 4. Shown. At the end of charging, the lithium sheets on both sides are cut off, sealed, and a lithium ion capacitor that can be charged and discharged after being formed is obtained. The initial capacity internal resistance and the capacity and internal resistance after 50,000 cycles were tested.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种锂离子电容器及其化成方法，该电容器正极包括多孔炭和嵌锂金属氧化物，负极为难石墨化碳，金属锂电极与电芯相对放置并用隔膜隔开，集流体采用有孔集流体，化成时，以正极中嵌锂氧化物为锂源对负极进行嵌锂，以第三极电极锂片对正极脱锂态金属氧化物进行锂离子补充。本发明采用两步骤对锂离子电容器进行化成，可以使负极的掺杂更加稳定高效均一，提高电容器的循环寿命，同时可以提高电容器的一致性，对模块和系统的组装都很有好处。

Description

锂离子电容器及其化成方法 [技术领域]
本发明涉及一种锂离子电容器及其化成方法。
[背景技术]
近年来，锂离子二次电池得到了很大的发展，这种电池负极一般使用石墨等炭素材料，正极使用钴酸锂、锰酸锂等含锂金属氧化物。这种电池组装以后，充电时正极向负极提供锂离子，而在放电时负极的锂离子又返回正极，因此被称为“摇椅式电池”。但是，由于负极材料在脱嵌锂的过程中容易发生结构的变形，因此，锂离子二次电池的循环寿命仍然受到制约。因此近年来，把锂离子二次电池和超级电容器结合在一起的体系研究成为新的热点。
目前将超级电容器与锂离子二次电池这两种储能体系结合起来的方式有两种：一种是“外结合”，即将两者的单体通过电源管理系统组合成一个储能器件或系统；另一种是“内结合”，即将两者有机地结合在同一单体中。而“内结合”式的电源系统具有比功率高、重量和体积小、成本低的优点，而且能够保证单体的一致性，减少管理系统的复杂性，所以成为当今研究的重点。
有一种锂离子电容器正电极上同时具有锂离子储能和双电层储能功能，负极为锂离子储能，该种体系电压较高可实现高功率，正极有双电层储能和锂离子化学储能，因此可以同时提高比能量，是最理想的体系，但由于正极具有不同的储能方式，而且储能的电位并不完全匹配，如何对其进行均匀的预掺杂是个难题。在目前日韩使用的预掺杂方法中，都是在正极和负极集流体上开孔使得处于电芯两端的锂片作为锂源进行预掺杂。该种方法中锂片释放的锂离子能 够穿过集流体表面的孔到达负极表面从而完成预掺杂。但是该种方法需要有孔集流体(该种集流体成本高，且目前在国内还没有厂家能够量产)，同时为了保证集流体的机械强度和电导率，由于该种有孔集流体本身孔不可能过多，因此锂离子的实际通过速率较低，无法快速完成预掺杂。同时在负极极片各个部位活性物质所处状态的均一性是电容器单体一致性的关键，决定了今后电容器能否进行多个串联成组使用。
现有的锂离子电容器的技术一般分两种：使用有孔集流体和无孔集流体。前者的化成过程比较简单，但是集流体的工艺和成本都很高。后者一般采用第三极锂源进行预掺杂，但是很难达到均一的效果，对锂离子电容器的循环造成不好的影响。如中国科学院电工研究所申请的专利“锂离子电容器负极的预嵌锂方法”(CN201510522888)揭示了一种锂离子电容器负极的预嵌锂方法，预嵌锂过程是将金属锂电极与电芯相对放置并用隔膜隔开，在金属锂电极与负极之间施加偏置电压，以恒电压放电的方式对负极进行预嵌锂操作。
[发明内容]
本发明的主要目的是解决现有技术预掺杂均一效果不好的缺陷。
为了实现上述目的，提供一种锂离子电容器，正极包括多孔炭和嵌锂金属氧化物，负极为难石墨化碳，金属锂电极与电芯相对放置并用隔膜隔开。集流体使用成本低廉工艺简单的有孔集流体。
正极中的嵌锂金属氧化物包括钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、亚锰酸锂、锰酸锂、高锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、镍酸锂、磷酸铁锂和磷酸钒锂中的一种。
极片尺寸为43×30mm，正极面密度为160g/m2，负极面密度为85g/m2，正 极极片为15片，负极极片为16片，采用纤维素酯隔膜进行包膜，电芯两侧各放一片锂片。
本发明还包括锂离子电容器的化成方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤1，以正极中嵌锂氧化物为锂源对负极进行嵌锂；
步骤2，以第三极电极锂片对正极脱锂态金属氧化物进行锂离子补充。
其中步骤1解决了集流体因为无孔而无法使得锂离子均匀垂直对负极进行掺杂的问题，该步骤使得负极能够形成良好均一的SEI膜的同时，使负极碳材料处于均一的嵌锂态。步骤2补充了正极脱锂态的恢复所需要的锂。同时两个步骤有利于正极含锂氧化物同正极活性炭电位的平衡匹配。
进一步的，步骤1分两步：
第一步电流为0.01C～0.05C，充电时间为2～10h，
第二步电流为0.2～1C。
步骤2中的用电流为0.2～1C。
步骤1的充电总容量为负极总容量的20％-50％。
步骤2的充电容量与步骤1的充电容量相等。
本发明同现有技术相比，采用两步骤对锂离子电容器进行化成(预掺杂)，可以使负极的掺杂更加稳定高效均一，提高电容器的循环寿命，同时可以提高电容器的一致性，对模块和系统的组装都很有好处。
[附图说明]
图1为实施例中锂离子电容器的结构示意图；
图2为实施例1～5，
图3为实施例6～10，续图2，
图4为实施例11～12，续图3。
[具体实施方式]
以下，结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明，实施例和附图仅用于解释说明而不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
本实施例中的种锂离子电容器的结构如下：
如图1所示，正极包括多孔炭和嵌锂金属氧化物，负极为难石墨化碳，金属锂电极与电芯相对放置并用隔膜隔开。集流体使用成本低廉工艺简单的有孔集流体。
制备锂离子电容器，正极配方和负极配方如图2～4所示。极片尺寸为43×30mm，正极面密度为160g/m2，负极面密度为85g/m2，正极极片为15片，负极极片为16片。采用纤维素酯隔膜进行包膜，电芯两侧各放一片锂片。
对该锂离子电容器进行化成，步骤1：以正极中嵌锂氧化物为锂源对负极进行嵌锂,对中间的电芯进行充电，先用小电流充电一定时间，然后用大电流充电至负极总容量的30％。步骤2：以第三极电极锂片对正极脱锂态金属氧化物进行锂离子补充，充电容量为步骤1的充电容量。化成的电流和充电时间如图2～4 所示。充电结束将两侧的锂片裁掉，封边，得到化成完毕可以充放电的锂离子电容器。测试初始容量内阻及循环50000次以后的容量和内阻。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种锂离子电容器，其特征在于正极包括多孔炭和嵌锂金属氧化物，负极为难石墨化碳，金属锂电极与电芯相对放置并用隔膜隔开，集流体采用有孔集流体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电容器，其特征在于正极中的嵌锂金属氧化物包括钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、亚锰酸锂、锰酸锂、高锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、镍酸锂、磷酸铁锂和磷酸钒锂中的一种。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的锂离子电容器，其特征在于极片尺寸为43×30mm，正极面密度为160g/m2，负极面密度为85g/m2，正极极片为15片，负极极片为16片，采用纤维素酯隔膜进行包膜，电芯两侧各放一片锂片。
  4. 一种权利要求1所述锂离子电容器的化成方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，以正极中嵌锂氧化物为锂源对负极进行嵌锂；
    步骤2，以第三极电极锂片对正极脱锂态金属氧化物进行锂离子补充。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的锂离子电容器的化成方法，其特征在于步骤1分两步：
    第一步电流为0.01C～0.05C，充电时间为2～10h，
    第二步电流为0.2～1C。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的锂离子电容器的化成方法，其特征在于步骤2中的用电流为0.2～1C。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的锂离子电容器的化成方法，其特征在于步骤1的充电总容量为负极总容量的20％-50％。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的锂离子电容器的化成方法，其特征在于步骤2的充电容量与步骤1的充电容量相等。
PCT/CN2016/074522 2015-12-16 2016-02-25 锂离子电容器及其化成方法 Ceased WO2017101214A1 (zh)

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DK16874280.7T DK3355329T3 (da) 2015-12-16 2016-02-25 Metode til fremstilling af lithium-ion-kondensator og kondensator som opnås med den nævnte metode
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