WO2017199423A1 - 防汚構造体及び該防汚構造体を備える自動車部品 - Google Patents
防汚構造体及び該防汚構造体を備える自動車部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017199423A1 WO2017199423A1 PCT/JP2016/065007 JP2016065007W WO2017199423A1 WO 2017199423 A1 WO2017199423 A1 WO 2017199423A1 JP 2016065007 W JP2016065007 W JP 2016065007W WO 2017199423 A1 WO2017199423 A1 WO 2017199423A1
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- antifouling
- liquid
- fine porous
- porous layer
- holding part
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/046—Forming abrasion-resistant coatings; Forming surface-hardening coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
- B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/06—Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/76—Hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/113—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by sol-gel processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/116—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by spin-coating, centrifugation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2483/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08J2483/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antifouling structure comprising a fine porous layer for holding an antifouling liquid, and more specifically, the ability of the fine porous layer to retain the antifouling liquid and the ability to supply the antifouling liquid to the surface.
- the present invention relates to an antifouling structure in which an antifouling surface having a self-repairing property is formed over a long period of time and an automobile part including the antifouling structure.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a water-repellent article in which a water-repellent material is held by a fine porous layer formed of silica sol and a fluororesin. It is described that the water-repellent article is excellent in water slidability even after being irradiated with ultraviolet rays for a long period of time or after the surface is worn.
- the whole fine porous layer contains a fluororesin, and the affinity of a fine porous layer and a water-repellent material is high, and many water-repellent materials are used.
- the water-repellent material inside the microporous layer is difficult to be supplied to the surface of the microporous layer, and the water-repellent material may not be fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in water repellency.
- the affinity between the fine porous layer and the water repellent material is low, a sufficient amount of the water repellent material cannot be retained.
- the present inventor has provided a liquid holding part and a liquid discharge part having different affinity with the antifouling liquid in the thickness direction of the microporous layer, and We found that the antifouling liquid inside the microporous layer can be easily supplied to the surface by setting the film thickness of the liquid holding part on the surface side with high affinity to the liquid to an appropriate thickness, and completed the present invention It came to do.
- the antifouling structure of the present invention comprises a fine porous layer and an antifouling liquid on a substrate.
- the fine porous layer has a liquid holding part on the surface, and has a liquid discharge part having a lower affinity with the antifouling liquid than the liquid holding part inside.
- the film thickness of the liquid holding portion is 1/100 to 1/50.
- the automobile part of the present invention is characterized by having the above antifouling structure.
- the liquid discharge part having a moderately low affinity with the antifouling liquid is provided inside the fine porous layer holding the antifouling liquid, the antifouling liquid on the antifouling structure surface It is possible to provide an antifouling structure capable of satisfying both supplyability and antifouling liquid retention capability and capable of forming an antifouling surface having self-repairing properties over a long period of time.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along A-A ′ of the antifouling structure shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view along the line AA ′ in FIG. 1 and 2, 1 is an antifouling structure, 2 is a fine porous layer, 20 is a pore, 21 is a liquid holding part, 22 is a liquid discharging part, 211 is a surface modification layer, 3 is an antifouling liquid, 31 is an antifouling film.
- the antifouling structure of the present invention comprises a fine porous layer having fine pores and an antifouling liquid covering the surface of the fine porous layer, and the antifouling liquid is contained in the fine pores of the fine porous layer. And oozes out on the surface of the fine porous layer to form an antifouling film.
- the fine porous layer 2 has a liquid holding part 21 on the surface and a liquid discharge part 22 having a lower affinity with the antifouling liquid 3 than the liquid holding part.
- the antifouling part retained in the pores 20 of the fine porous layer
- the liquid 3 easily moves from the liquid discharge part 22 inside the fine porous layer 2 to the liquid holding part 21 on the surface.
- the antifouling liquid 3 is supplied to the liquid holding part 21 on the surface side of the fine porous layer, and the antifouling liquid 3 has a high affinity with the antifouling liquid, and the antifouling liquid 3 becomes the surface of the fine porous layer 2. Since the entire surface is wet and spread, the antifouling film 31 having self-repairing properties is formed, and the antifouling property is improved.
- the film thickness (X) of the liquid holding part is 1/100 to 1/50 of the film thickness (T) of the liquid discharge part, in other words, the film thickness (X) of the liquid holding part is the fine porous material. It is 1/101 to 1/51 of the pore depth (h) of the layer.
- the antifouling liquid 3 When the film thickness (X) of the liquid holding part is less than 1/100 of the film thickness (T) of the liquid discharge part, the antifouling liquid 3 hardly enters the pores 20 of the fine porous layer, and the fine porous layer 2 The amount of antifouling liquid retained decreases and the antifouling liquid 3 is depleted early. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1/50, the thickness of the liquid discharge part is thin, the force to repel the antifouling liquid and push out from the pores is weakened, and the antifouling liquid is not supplied to the surface of the fine porous body, and the fine porous The antifouling liquid retained in the layer cannot be fully utilized.
- the liquid holding part can be formed by modifying the microporous layer with a conventionally known fluorine-based surface modifier such as an alkoxy oligomer having a fluorine functional group.
- a fluorine-based surface modifier such as an alkoxy oligomer having a fluorine functional group.
- fluorine-based surface modifier include conventionally known fluorine-based silane coupling agents.
- the film thickness of the liquid holding part can be adjusted by the opening diameter of the fine porous layer, the pressure when immersed in the surface modifier, the wiping with a cloth or the like.
- a fine porous structure layer such as a metal oxide does not have water repellency. Moreover, since the fine porous layer has irregularities on its surface, the surface free energy is higher than that of a flat layer. Therefore, the wettability with respect to the surface modifier liquid containing the fluorine-based surface modifier is poor, and the fine porous layer repels the surface modifier liquid, so that the inside of the pores of the fine porous structure layer is not modified.
- the surface modifier liquid penetrates into the pores, and a liquid holding portion can be formed. And the film thickness of the liquid holding
- H 2T cos ⁇ / ⁇ gr Formula (1)
- H Depth of penetration of liquid
- T Surface tension
- ⁇ Contact angle
- ⁇ Liquid density
- g Gravitational acceleration
- r Inner diameter (radius) of the hole.
- the film thickness of the liquid holding part can be known by elemental analysis of the fine porous layer.
- an element that improves the affinity with an antifouling liquid for example, when the antifouling liquid is a fluorinated oil, elemental analysis (subjects) of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used for the fluorine element present in the microporous layer.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- elemental analysis is performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy while etching the microporous layer with argon gas, and the concentration distribution of the fluorine element in the layer thickness (depth) direction is calculated. It can be said that the liquid holding portion is formed up to a range where the concentration of the fluorine element at a certain position in the (depth) direction is 3 mol% or more.
- the fine porous layer has pores modified with a fluorine-based surface modifier, for example, a fluorine functional group such as a fluoroalkyl group, to form a liquid holding part.
- a fluorine-based surface modifier for example, a fluorine functional group such as a fluoroalkyl group
- the surface free energy of the liquid holding part is preferably 10 mJ / m 2 or less with respect to the surface free energy of the antifouling liquid. Since the difference from the surface free energy of the antifouling liquid is 10 mJ / m 2 or less, the affinity with the antifouling liquid is improved and the antifouling liquid can be wetted and spread over the entire surface of the microporous layer. Thus, the amount of the antifouling liquid retained in the fine porous layer can be improved. Therefore, the antifouling film is self-repaired over a long period of time and has excellent durability.
- the surface free energy of the liquid discharge portion, and the difference between the surface free energy of the antifouling liquid is 30 mJ / m 2 or more 200 mJ / m 2 or less.
- the difference from the surface free energy of the antifouling liquid is 30 mJ / m 2 or more, the antifouling liquid is appropriately repelled and pushed out to the liquid holding part to supply the antifouling liquid to the surface of the microporous layer. It becomes easy to be done.
- it exceeds 200 mJ / m 2 the antifouling liquid will not easily penetrate to the liquid holding part, and the amount of antifouling liquid retained may be reduced.
- a liquid having a known surface free energy can be dropped on the smooth surface of the material having the same composition and measured from the contact angle.
- water and diiodomethane were dropped on a smooth substrate by the Owens-Wentz method, and the surface free energy was determined from the contact angle.
- the pore volume of the fine porous layer is preferably 5% to 60%. If the pore volume is less than 5%, the amount of the antifouling liquid retained is small, and the antifouling liquid is likely to be exhausted, so that the antifouling film may not be formed for a long period of time. As a result, the wear resistance of the fine porous layer may decrease.
- the above-mentioned pore volume can be adjusted by the amount of the phase separation agent and the amount of the catalyst when forming the fine porous layer.
- the thickness of the fine porous layer is preferably 50 to 400 nm.
- the thickness of the fine porous layer is less than 50 nm, the amount of the antifouling liquid retained is decreased, and the durability of the antifouling structure may be reduced.
- the thickness exceeds 400 nm, cracks may easily occur. Also, the haze value may not be high.
- the thickness of the fine porous layer can be adjusted by, for example, the dilution ratio (viscosity) of the fine porous layer coating solution, the coating speed, and the like.
- the average opening diameter (D) of the fine porous layer is preferably 10 nm or more and 400 nm / n.
- N represents the refractive index of the material constituting the microporous layer.
- the average opening diameter is less than 10 nm, for example, it becomes difficult to allow a fluorine-based surface modifier to enter the pores, and it may be difficult to maintain an antifouling liquid such as fluorine-based oil. . If it exceeds 400 nm / n, the haze value may increase due to Rayleigh scattering or the like, and the total light transmittance may decrease.
- the average opening diameter (D) is obtained by observing the surface opening from the upper surface of the microporous layer with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and converting each opening into a circle of the same area by image analysis. An average value of each diameter of the circle (indicated by reference numerals d1 to d3 in FIG. 2) can be applied.
- the refractive index (n) of the material constituting the microporous layer for example, the refractive index of a film made of a constituent material having the same composition measured by an Abbe refractometer can be applied.
- membrane of the constituent material of the same composition measured with an Abbe refractometer can be applied to the surface-modified fine porous layer, for example.
- the average opening diameter (D) of the fine porous layer is, for example, the time from when the substrate is coated with the raw material of the constituent material of the fine porous structure to when the fine porous structure layer is produced until the substrate is heated and dried. Or it can adjust with the coating film thickness at the time of microporous structure layer preparation. Specifically, the average opening diameter (D) of the fine porous structure is further increased by increasing the time until the film is heated and dried after coating, or by increasing the coating thickness at the time of producing the porous layer. can do.
- the fine pore shape of the fine porous layer only needs to be able to hold an antifouling liquid.
- a plurality of voids are randomly arranged in a three-dimensional direction and the voids communicate with each other, as well as a cylinder opening on the surface of the fine porous layer Although a shape etc. may be sufficient, it is preferable that several space
- the mechanical strength is increased.
- the material constituting the fine porous layer is not particularly limited, but an inorganic substance is applied from the viewpoint of improving the sliding resistance of the fine porous layer and improving the durability of the antifouling structure. It is preferable to do.
- the inorganic substance examples include simple oxides such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and hafnium oxide, and barium titanate.
- simple oxides such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and hafnium oxide, and barium titanate.
- non-oxides such as silicon nitride and magnesium fluoride, glass and the like can be applied. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of multiple types.
- silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, and zirconium oxide are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent light transmittance.
- the antifouling liquid forms an antifouling film on the surface of the fine porous layer, repels foreign matters such as water, oil, sand and dust, and reduces the adhesion of foreign matters. It has oil repellency, and examples thereof include fluorine oil.
- fluorinated oil examples include fluoropolyether oil and perfluoropolyether oil.
- the antifouling liquid preferably has a viscosity at 20 ° C. of 160 mm 2 / s or less, and more preferably 8 to 80 mm 2 / s.
- the heat resistance increases, while the water repellency and antifouling properties may decrease.
- the viscosity is less than 8 mm 2 / s, The viscosity may decrease and the heat resistance may decrease.
- the viscosity of the antifouling liquid is preferably such that the evaporation loss after holding at 120 ° C. for 24 hours is less than 35% by mass.
- the evaporation loss is 35% by mass, an antifouling structure having excellent durability can be obtained.
- the antifouling liquid evaporates spontaneously and hardly deteriorates in performance, and can exhibit antifouling properties for a long period of time near normal temperature (5 to 35 ° C.).
- the above evaporation loss can be calculated by spreading 30 g of antifouling liquid in a 40 ⁇ petri dish and heating it at 120 ° C. for 24 hours.
- a substrate can be provided on the surface of the fine porous layer opposite to the liquid holding portion.
- the base material containing organic materials, such as a resin molded product and a coating film other than inorganic materials, such as glass and a steel plate, can be used.
- a fine porous layer is formed by a sol-gel method. Specifically, the solution containing the constituent material of the microporous layer is changed to a sol by hydrolysis and polymerization reaction, applied to a substrate, etc., further reacted to form a gel, dried and fired, and then microporous A quality layer can be formed.
- sol coating method for example, a conventionally known method such as spin coating, spray coating, roll coater, flow coating, dip coating or the like can be used.
- the fine porous layer can be produced by modifying the pores with a surface modifying agent and impregnating with an antifouling liquid such as fluorine oil.
- the automobile part of the present invention comprises the antifouling structure of the present invention.
- the antifouling performance can be improved over a long period of time, reducing the number of car washing and cleaning, and ensuring good visibility in rainy and bad roads. be able to.
- Examples of the automobile parts include camera lenses, mirrors, glass windows, painted surfaces such as bodies, various light covers, door knobs, meter panels, window panels, radiator fins, evaporators, and the like, but are not limited thereto. It is not a thing.
- Example 1 (Preparation of coating solution) 50 mmol of water, 11 mmol of triethylene glycol, and 13 mmol of isopropanol were uniformly mixed to prepare a solution A to which 0.2 g of 32N sulfuric acid was added. Next, 54 mmol of tetraethoxysilane and 13 mmol of isopropanol were mixed to prepare Solution B. The solution A and the solution B were mixed and stirred with a stirrer for 15 minutes to prepare a sol solution. This sol solution was diluted 5 times with ethanol to prepare a coating solution.
- the pre-cured sample was baked in a muffle furnace heated to 500 ° C. for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature (25 ° C.) in the muffle furnace, and a plurality of connected voids were randomly distributed in a three-dimensional direction.
- a fine porous layer having a fine concavo-convex structure disposed on the substrate was formed.
- Example 2 An antifouling structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the spin coating conditions were changed to a rotation speed of 1500 rpm.
- Example 3 An antifouling structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the spin coating conditions were changed to a rotation speed of 700 rpm.
- Example 4 An antifouling structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following coating solution was used and the spin coating conditions were changed to a rotational speed of 500 rpm.
- Example 5 An antifouling structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following coating solution was used.
- Example 1 An antifouling structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the microporous layer was replaced with a microporous film (manufactured by 3M).
- Table 1 shows the structures of the antifouling structures of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- ⁇ Abrasion resistance> Using a fully automatic contact angle meter (Drop Master: manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.), the water drop falling angle after reciprocating a predetermined number of times with a canvas cloth was measured.
- ⁇ Heat resistance> The laminate was stabbed in a glass stand and tilted at 80 degrees, left in an oven at 90 ° C. for 4 hours, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the drop angle of water droplets (5 [ ⁇ L]) was measured.
- haze value and total light transmittance were measured using a haze meter (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS K 7136 using a haze / transmittance meter.
- Table 1 and Table 2 show that the antifouling structure of the present invention is excellent in wear resistance and heat resistance.
- the antifouling structure of Comparative Example 1 has a large pore volume and can hold a large amount of antifouling liquid, but the antifouling liquid has pores because of the high affinity between the fine porous layer and the antifouling liquid. It did not ooze from the inside and had low wear resistance.
- Comparative Example 2 did not have a liquid holding layer, the antifouling liquid did not enter the fine porous layer, and the amount of the antifouling liquid held was small and the wear resistance was low. From the comparison between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, it can be seen that the retention amount of the antifouling liquid is increased by providing the liquid retention layer.
- Comparative Example 3 has a liquid holding part, and in terms of abrasion resistance, better results were obtained than those of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 above.
- the extrusion of the antifouling liquid by the discharge part was weak, and the wear resistance after 5000 times was lowered.
- the automobile part is exemplified as the one to which the antifouling structure is applied.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a motorcycle part a mobile device such as a mobile phone or an electronic notebook, a signboard, etc. It is also possible to apply to a clock or the like.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、撥水材料をシリカゾルとフッ素樹脂とで形成した微細多孔質層で保持した撥水性物品が開示されている。そして、上記撥水性物品は長期間にわたり紫外線の照射を受けた後、あるいは表面が摩耗された後でも滑水性に優れる旨が記載されている。
また、微細多孔質層と撥水材料との親和性が低くては、充分な量の撥水材料を保持することができない。
そして、上記微細多孔質層が、表面に液体保持部を有し、内部に上記液体保持部よりも上記防汚液との親和性が低い液体吐出部を有するものであり、上記液体吐出部の膜厚をTとしたとき、液体保持部の膜厚が1/100~1/50であることを特徴とする。
本発明の防汚構造体の斜視図を図1に示す。また、図1中、A-A’線に沿った模式的な断面図を図2に示す。
図1、図2中、1は防汚構造体 2は微細多孔質層、20は細孔、21は液体保持部、22は液体吐出部、211は表面改質層、3は防汚液、31は防汚膜である。
上記微細多孔質層2は、表面に液体保持部21を有し、内部に上記液体保持部よりも上記防汚液3との親和性が低い液体吐出部22を有する。
そして、微細多孔質層の表面側の液体保持部21に防汚液3が供給され、防汚液との親和性が高い上記液体保持部21によって防汚液3が微細多孔質層2の表面全体に濡れ広がるため、自己修復性を有する防汚膜31が形成されて防汚性が向上する。
また、1/50を超えると、液体吐出部の膜厚が薄く、防汚液を忌避し細孔から押し出す力が弱まって、微細多孔質体表面に防汚液が供給されず、微細多孔質層内に保持した防汚液を充分利用できない。
したがって、フッ素系の表面改質剤を含む表面改質剤液に対する濡れ性が悪く、微細多孔質層が表面改質剤液をはじくため、微細多孔質構造層の細孔内部は改質されず、圧力をかけることで表面改質剤液が細孔内に浸入し、液体保持部を形成できる。
そして、表面に厚く乗った表面改質剤膜を布などでふき取ることでの液体保持部の膜厚を調整できる。
H=2Tcosθ/ρgr・・・式(1)
但し、式(1)中、H:液体の浸入する深さ、T:表面張力、θ:接触角、ρ:液体の密度、g:重力加速度、r:孔の内径(半径)を表わす。
θ≧90°では、液体は毛細管内に浸入できないが、圧力をかけることで液体が毛細管内に浸入する。
例えば、防汚液との親和性を高める元素、例えば、防汚液がフッ素系オイルである場合は微細多孔質層中に存在するフッ素元素をX線光電子分光法(XPS)によって元素分析(対象元素:炭素、酸素、フッ素、ケイ素)を行うことにより検出することができる。
防汚液の表面自由エネルギーとの差が10mJ/m2以下であることで、防汚液との親和性が向上し、防汚液を微細多孔質層の表面全体に濡れ広がらせることが可能となり、微細多孔質層の防汚液の保持量を向上させることができる。
したがって、長期に亘り防汚膜が自己修復されて耐久性が優れたものとなる。
防汚液の表面自由エネルギーとの差が30mJ/m2以上であることで、防汚液を適度に忌避し、上記液体保持部に押し出して、微細多孔質層の表面に防汚液が供給され易くなる。また、200mJ/m2を超えると防汚液が液体保持部まで浸透し難くなり、防汚液の保持量が低下することがある。
微細多孔質層の細孔内部の表面自由エネルギーは直接測定できないため、同組成の材料の平滑な表面に表面自由エネルギーが既知の液体を滴下して、その接触角より計測することができる。
本発明ではオーエンスウェンツ法により、水及びジヨードメタンを平滑基材上に滴下して、その接触角から表面自由エネルギーを求めた。
また、400nm/nを超えると、レイリー散乱等によりヘイズ値が大きくなったり、全光線透過率が低下したりすることがある。
なお、表面改質された微細多孔質層は、例えば、アッベ屈折計により計測される同一組成の構成材料の膜に同様の表面処理をしてなる膜の屈折率を適用することができる。
具体的には、コートした後、加熱乾燥させるまでの時間を長くすることや、多孔層作製時の塗布膜厚を厚くすることで、微細多孔質構造体の平均開口径(D)をより大きくすることができる。
これらは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上記防汚液は、上記微細多孔質層の表面に防汚膜を形成して、水、油、砂、埃等の異物を撥ね、異物の付着を低減するものであり、撥水性及び/又は撥油性を有するものであり、例えば、フッ素系オイルなどが挙げられる。
本発明の防汚構造体は、微細多孔質層の液体保持部とは反対側の面に基材を設けることができる。
上記基材はとしては、ガラスや鋼板等の無機材料の他、樹脂成形品や塗膜など有機材料を含む基材を使用することができる。
本発明の防汚構造体の製造方法としては、まず、ゾルゲル法により微細多孔質層を形成する。具体的には、微細多孔質層の構成材料を含む溶液を、加水分解と重合反応によりゾルに変えて基材等に塗布し、さらに反応を進めてゲルとし、乾燥・焼成することで微細多孔質層を形成できる。
本発明の自動車部品は上記本発明の防汚構造体を備えて成る。自動車部品が上記防汚構造体を備えることで、長期に亘り防汚性能に優れたものとすることができ、洗車や清掃の回数を減らすことや、雨天や悪路において良好な視界を確保することができる。
(コーティング液の作製)
水50mmol、トリエチレングリコール11mmol、イソプロパノール13mmolを均一に混合し、32N硫酸を0.2g添加した溶液Aを作製した。
次いで、テトラエトキシシラン54mmolとイソプロパノール13mmolを混合し、溶液Bを調整した。
上記溶液Aと上記溶液Bを混合して、スターラーで15分撹拌し、ゾル液を調整した。このゾル液をエタノールで5倍希釈してコーティング溶液を作製した。
上記コーティング液をスピンコート(回転速度:2000rpm、回転時間:20秒間、湿度60%)にてソーダライムガラス上にコートした。
コート後1分以内に、コートしたガラス板を150℃まで加熱しておいたドライオーブンに投入して1時間乾燥させた後、上記ドライオーブン内に放置し室温(25℃)まで冷却して仮硬化させた。
その後、仮硬化後のサンプルを500℃まで加熱しておいたマッフル炉内で1時間焼成し、上記マッフル炉内で室温(25℃)まで冷却して複数の連通した空隙が3次元方向にランダムに配置した微細凹凸構造を有する微細多孔質層を形成した。
上記微細多孔質層を形成したソーダライムガラスをフッ素系シランカップリング剤(フロロテクノロジー製:フロロサーフFG-5020)内に48時間浸漬し、引き上げて150℃まで加熱しておいたドライオーブン内で1時間乾燥して微細多孔質層の表面に液体保持部を形成した。
オイル膜厚が500nmとなるようにフッ素系オイル(パーフルオロポリエーテルオイル:デュポン社製、KrytoxGLP103、表面自由エネルギー:17mJ/m2)の重量を計測してベンコットンにしみこませ、上記液体保持部を形成した微細多孔質層に塗布して防汚構造体を作製した。
スピンコートの条件を回転速度:1500rpmに替える他は実施例1と同様にして防汚構造体を作製した。
スピンコートの条件を回転速度:700rpmに替える他は実施例1と同様にして防汚構造体を作製した。
下記のコーティング溶液に替え、スピンコートの条件を回転速度:500rpmに替える他は実施例1と同様にして防汚構造体を作製した。
水50mmol、トリエチレングリコール11mmol、イソプロパノール13mmolを均一に混合し、32N硫酸を1.0g添加した溶液Aを作製した。
次いで、テトラエトキシシラン54mmolとイソプロパノール13mmolを混合し、溶液Bを調整した。
上記溶液Aと上記溶液Bを混合して、スターラーで15分撹拌し、ゾル液を調整した。このゾル液をエタノールで5倍希釈してコーティング溶液を作製した。
下記のコーティング溶液に替える他は実施例1と同様にして防汚構造体を作製した。
水50mmol、トリエチレングリコール20mmol、イソプロパノール13mmolを均一に混合し、32N硫酸を0.2g添加した溶液Aを作製した。
次いで、テトラエトキシシラン54mmolとイソプロパノール13mmolを混合し、溶液Bを調整した。
上記溶液Aと上記溶液Bを混合して、スターラーで15分撹拌し、ゾル液を調整した。このゾル液をエタノールで5倍希釈してコーティング溶液を作製した。
微細多孔質層をマイクロポーラスフィルム(3M社製)に替える他は実施例1と同様にして防汚構造体を作製した。
液体保持部の形成しない他は実施例1と同様にして防汚構造体を作製した。
液体保持部の形成における表面改質時間を48hrから72hrに変更した以外は実施例2と同様にして防汚構造体を作製した。
評価結果を表2に示す。
全自動接触角計(Drop Master:協和界面科学株式会社製)を用い、キャンバス布で所定回数往復摺動後の水滴転落角を測定した。
◎:20[μL]の水滴転落角が10°以下
○:20[μL]の水滴転落角が10°を超え20°以下
△:20[μL]の水滴転落角が20°を超え30°以下
×:20[μL]の水滴が30°を超える。
上記積層体をガラス立てに刺して80度に傾けた状態で、90℃のオーブンに4時間放置した後、常温に1時間放置した後、水滴(5[μL])の転落角を測定した。
◎:20[μL]の水滴転落角が10°以下
○:20[μL]の水滴転落角が10°を超え20°以下
△:20[μL]の水滴転落角が20°を超え30°以下
×:20[μL]の水滴が30°を超える。
ヘイズ・透過率計を用いてJIS K 7136に準拠し、ヘイズメーター(株式会社村上色彩技術研究所製)を用いてヘイズ値及び全光線透過率を測定した。
2 微細多孔質層
20 細孔
21 液体保持部
211 表面改質層
22 液体吐出部
3 防汚液
31 防汚膜
d1~d3 開口径
h 細孔深さ
T 液体吐出部膜厚
X 液体保持部膜厚
Claims (9)
- 微細多孔質層と、前記微細多孔質層の表面及び内部に防汚液とを備える防汚構造体であって、
上記微細多孔質層は、表面に前記防汚液を保持する液体保持部と、内部に上記液体保持部よりも上記防汚液との親和性が低い液体吐出部を有し、
上記液体保持部の膜厚が上記液体吐出部の膜厚の1/100~1/50であることを特徴とする防汚構造体。 - 微細多孔質層と、前記微細多孔質層の表面及び内部に防汚液とを備える防汚構造体であって、
上記微細多孔質層が、表面に前記防汚液を保持する液体保持部と、内部に上記液体保持部よりも上記防汚液との親和性が低い液体吐出部を有し、
上記液体保持部の膜厚が上記微細多孔質層の細孔深さの1/101~1/51であることを特徴とする防汚構造体。 - 上記液体保持部と上記防汚液の表面自由エネルギー差が10mJ/m2以下であり、上記液体吐出部と上記防汚液の表面自由エネルギー差が30mJ/m2以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の防汚構造体。
- 上記微細多孔質層の細孔容積が5%~60%であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1つの項に記載の防汚構造体。
- 上記微細多孔質層の膜厚が、50~400nmであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1つの項に記載の防汚構造体。
- 上記微細多孔質層の平均開口径(D)が、10nm以上400nm/nであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1つの項に記載の防汚構造体。
但し、上記nは微細多孔質層の屈折率を表わす。 - 上記防汚液の0℃における粘度が、160mm2/s以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1つの項に記載の防汚構造体。
- 120℃で24時間保持したときの上記防汚液の蒸発減量が、35%未満であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1つの項に記載の防汚構造体。
- 防汚構造体を有する自動車部品であって、
上記防汚構造体が、上記請求項1~8のいずれか1つの項に記載の防汚構造体であることを特徴とする自動車部品。
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| JP2014509959A (ja) * | 2011-01-19 | 2014-04-24 | プレジデント アンド フェローズ オブ ハーバード カレッジ | 高圧力安定性、光透過性、および自己修復特性を伴う易滑性表面 |
| JP2014531989A (ja) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-12-04 | マサチューセッツ インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー | 液体含浸表面、作製方法、およびそれらを組み込んだデバイス |
| JP2015063061A (ja) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 防汚体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2015066849A (ja) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 防汚体及びその製造方法 |
| WO2015145703A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 防汚性表面構造体及び自動車部品 |
| WO2015155830A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 高耐久性防汚構造体及びこれを用いた自動車部品 |
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| JP2021028162A (ja) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-25 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 防指紋構造体 |
| JP7471101B2 (ja) | 2019-08-09 | 2024-04-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 防指紋構造体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX377085B (es) | 2025-03-07 |
| CN109195788A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
| JPWO2017199423A1 (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
| KR102000413B1 (ko) | 2019-09-27 |
| US20190152846A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
| BR112018073516A2 (pt) | 2019-03-26 |
| JP6624534B2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 |
| EP3459728A4 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
| US10464842B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
| KR20180129955A (ko) | 2018-12-05 |
| BR112018073516B1 (pt) | 2022-06-07 |
| EP3459728A1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
| EP3459728B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
| RU2690801C1 (ru) | 2019-06-05 |
| MX2018013953A (es) | 2019-03-21 |
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