WO2017017207A1 - Procédé de traitement en un cycle, exempt d'opération de désextraction réductrice du plutonium, d'une solution aqueuse nitrique de dissolution d'un combustible nucléaire usé - Google Patents
Procédé de traitement en un cycle, exempt d'opération de désextraction réductrice du plutonium, d'une solution aqueuse nitrique de dissolution d'un combustible nucléaire usé Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017017207A1 WO2017017207A1 PCT/EP2016/068040 EP2016068040W WO2017017207A1 WO 2017017207 A1 WO2017017207 A1 WO 2017017207A1 EP 2016068040 W EP2016068040 W EP 2016068040W WO 2017017207 A1 WO2017017207 A1 WO 2017017207A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/32—Carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0252—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries
- C22B60/026—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries liquid-liquid extraction with or without dissolution in organic solvents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/42—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
- G21C19/44—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated solid fuel
- G21C19/46—Aqueous processes, e.g. by using organic extraction means, including the regeneration of these means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of treating an aqueous solution resulting from the dissolution of a spent nuclear fuel in nitric acid which makes it possible to extract, separate and decontaminate the uranium and plutonium present in the this solution in a single cycle and without resorting to any operation of plutonium reducing desextraction.
- This process is used in the treatment of uranium - based spent nuclear fuels, particularly uranium - UOX oxides, or uranium and plutonium, especially mixed oxides of uranium and plutonium - MOX.
- the PUREX process which is used in all the existing spent nuclear fuel treatment plants in the world (La Hague in France, Rokkasho in Japan, Sellafield in the United Kingdom, etc.), uses phosphate of tri-n-butyl (or TBP) as extractant, for recovering uranium and plutonium, by liquid-liquid extraction, from aqueous solutions resulting from the dissolution of these fuels in nitric acid.
- TBP tri-n-butyl
- the TBP is used in 30% (v / v) solution in an organic diluent (hydrogenated tetrapropylene or ⁇ -dodecane).
- organic diluent hydrogenated tetrapropylene or ⁇ -dodecane
- a first uranium and plutonium purification cycle (called "lCUPu”), which aims to decontaminate uranium and plutonium with respect to americium, curium and fission products with a partition uranium and plutonium in two aqueous streams from this first cycle, by reductive desmtraction of plutonium;
- 2CU second uranium purification cycle
- a third plutonium purification cycle (respectively called “2CPu” and “3CPu”), aimed at perfecting the decontamination of plutonium to meet the specifications defined by the ASTM standards for plutonium, the finished product, and to concentrate it before conversion to oxide.
- the solubility of the TBP which is not negligible in the aqueous phase (up to 300 mg / L according to the acidity of the aqueous phase), requires the implementation of washing with the organic diluent of the aqueous phases resulting from the different cycles of extraction to recover solubilized TBP in these aqueous phases;
- the inventors set themselves the goal of providing a process that, while being as efficient as the PUREX process in terms of recovery and decontamination of uranium and plutonium present in aqueous nitric solutions for the dissolution of spent nuclear fuels, it makes it possible to overcome all the limitations related to the use of TBP as extractant, and, in particular, involves only one treatment cycle and is free of any reductive plutonium de-extraction operation.
- the invention proposes a method of treating in one cycle an aqueous solution resulting from the dissolution of a spent nuclear fuel in nitric acid, the aqueous solution comprising uranium, plutonium , americium, curium and fission products including technetium, the cycle comprising:
- step b) a decontamination of the organic solution resulting from step a) with respect to americium, curium and fission products, this decontamination comprising at least one contacting, in an extractor, of the solution organic with an aqueous solution comprising from 0.5 mol / L to 6 mol / L of nitric acid, then a separation of the organic and aqueous solutions;
- step b) a partition of the uranium and plutonium present in the organic solution resulting from step b) into an aqueous solution and an organic solution, the aqueous solution comprising either plutonium without uranium or a mixture of plutonium and uranium , and the organic solution comprising uranium without plutonium, this partition comprising:
- step b) a plutonium dextraction, at the oxidation + IV degree, and a uranium fraction of the organic solution resulting from step b), this de-extraction comprising at least one contacting, in an extractor, of the organic solution with an aqueous solution comprising from 0.1 mol / L to 0.5 mol / L of nitric acid, followed by separation of the organic and aqueous solutions;
- step di an extraction of the uranium fraction present in the aqueous solution resulting from step di), this extraction comprising at least one bringing into contact, in an extractor, of the aqueous solution with an organic solution identical to the solution organic of step a), then a separation of aqueous and organic solutions;
- a first and a second decontaminated aqueous solution is obtained with respect to americium, curium and fission products including technetium, the first aqueous solution comprising uranium-free plutonium or mixture of plutonium and uranium, and the second aqueous solution comprising uranium without plutonium.
- the process of the invention is based on the use, as extractant, of a particular A / V-dialkylamide or a mixture of two particular ⁇ /, V-dialkylamides, these ⁇ /, / Particular V-dialkylamides being chosen from:
- N-di (2-ethylhexyl) - / obutanamide (or DEHiBA) of formula: (CH 3 ) 2 -CH-C (O) -N- (CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) C 4 H 9 ) 2; and
- ⁇ /, / V-dialkylamides represent a family of extractants which has been widely studied as a possible alternative to TBP in the treatment of spent nuclear fuels. Developed first in the USA in the 1950s, this family of extractants was then studied by various teams of European, Indian, Japanese and Chinese researchers from the 1980s.
- aqueous solution and “aqueous phase” are equivalent and interchangeable just as the terms “organic solution” and “organic phase” are equivalent and interchangeable.
- the organic solution used in step a) and hence those used in steps c 2 ) and d 2 ) since the organic solutions used in steps a), c 2 ) and d 2 ) have the same composition preferably comprise from 1.3 mol / L to 1.4 mol / L and more preferably 1.35 mol / L DEHDMBA, or from 1.35 mol / L to 1.45 mol / L mol / L and, more preferably, 1.4 mol / L of the DEHiBA and DEHBA mixture, in which case the DEHiBA / DEHBA molar ratio is advantageously from 1.75 to 1.85 and more preferably from 1.80.
- the organic solution used in step a) and hence those used in steps c 2 ) and d 2 ) comprise 0.9 mol / l of DEHiBA and 0.5 mol / l of DEHBA.
- the aqueous solution used in step b) may comprise from 0.5 mol / l to 6 mol / l of nitric acid.
- this aqueous solution comprises from 4 mol / L to 6 mol / L of nitric acid so as to facilitate the extraction of ruthenium and technetium from the organic solution resulting from step a).
- step b) advantageously further comprises a deacidification of the organic solution, this deacidification comprising at least one bringing the organic solution into contact with an aqueous solution comprising from 0.1 mol / l to 1 mol / l and better still, 0.5 mol / L of nitric acid, followed by separation of the organic and aqueous solutions.
- the bringing into contact of the organic and aqueous solutions in the extractor in which stage ci) takes place comprises a circulation of these solutions in a ratio of flow rates O / A which is advantageously greater than 1, of preferably equal to or greater than 3 and, more preferably, equal to or greater than 5 so as to obtain a removal of the concentrating plutonium, that is to say a plutonium desextraction which leads to an aqueous solution in which the plutonium concentration is greater than that presented by this element in the organic solution from which it is extracted.
- the reducing agent (s) present in the aqueous solution used in step di) is (are) preferably chosen from uranose nitrate (also called “U (IV) ) "), Hydrazinium nitrate (also known as” hydrazine nitrate “), hydroxylammonium nitrate (also known as” hydroxylamine nitrate “), acetaldoxime and mixtures thereof such as a mixture of uranous nitrate and hydrazinium nitrate, a mixture of uranous nitrate and hydroxylammonium nitrate or a mixture of uranous nitrate and acetaldoxime, preferably given to a mixture of uranous nitrate and hydrazinium nitrate or a mixture of uranous nitrate and hydroxylammonium nitrate which is preferably used at a concentration ranging from 0.1 mol / l to 0.3 mol / l and, typically, from 0.2
- step di which can be carried out at room temperature, is, however, preferably carried out at a temperature ranging from 30 to 40 ° C and, more preferably, from 32 ° C so as to promote the kinetics of de-extraction. technetium while limiting at best the reoxidation phenomena of this element in aqueous phase.
- step d 2 preferably comprises, in addition, acidification of the aqueous solution resulting from step di), this acidification comprising an addition of nitric acid in the extractor of the step d 2 ) to bring the concentration of nitric acid in the aqueous solution to a value of at least 2.5 mol / L.
- Step e) can be performed at room temperature. However, it is preferably carried out at a temperature ranging from 40 ° C to 50 ° C to, again, promote the de-extraction of uranium.
- the extractor in which step e) is carried out is therefore preferably heated to a temperature between 40 ° C and 50 ° C.
- the contacting of the organic and aqueous solutions in the extractor in which this step takes place comprises a circulation of these solutions in a ratio of flow rates O / A greater than 1 so as to obtain a removal of the concentrating uranium, that is to say a uranium extraction which leads to an aqueous solution in which the concentration of uranium is greater than that which this element presents in the organic solution from which it is extracted.
- the process of the invention also comprises a step f) of regeneration of the organic solution resulting from stage e), this regeneration preferably comprising at least one washing of the organic solution with a basic aqueous solution. followed by at least one washing of the organic solution with an aqueous solution of nitric acid.
- the organic solution resulting from step f) is divided into a first and a second fraction, the first fraction forming the organic solution of step a) and the second fraction forming the organic solution of step c 2 ) .
- the de-extraction of uranium is easier to implement than that of the PUREX process since it can be carried out at room temperature as well as in hot conditions and by using an O / A flow ratio greater than 1, which allows uranium to be extracted in a concentrated manner, which is not possible in the PUREX process;
- plutonium removal is also easier to implement than that of the plutonium.
- PUREX process and can be carried out more concentrically than the latter; these advantages are all the more important as the future spent nuclear fuel treatment plants will have to deal with plutonium-rich fuels (such as MOX fuels from light water or fast neutron reactors) than currently treated fuels;
- the degradation products (by hydrolysis and radiolysis) of the N, N-dialkylamides are less troublesome than those of TBP because they are for the most part soluble in water and do not form complexes capable of retaining plutonium ;
- V-dialkylamides have a solubility in aqueous phase 100 to 200 times lower than that of TBP, which allows to consider the removal or, at least, a lightening washes organic diluent solutions aqueous processes resulting from the process of the invention compared to those provided in the PUREX process;
- V-dialkylamides and their degradation products comprising only carbon atoms, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, they are completely incinerable and therefore do not produce penalizing secondary waste unlike TBP and its degradation products.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic diagram of the method of the invention; in this figure, the rectangles 1 to 7 represent multi-stage extractors such as those conventionally used in the treatment of spent nuclear fuels (mixer-settlers, pulsed columns or centrifugal extractors).
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents the installation and the operating conditions that have been used for an attempt to validate as extractors the step " ⁇ -Tc barrier" of the process of the invention.
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates the installation and operating conditions that have been used for two tests to validate in extractors the process of the invention as a whole.
- the organic phases are symbolized by solid lines while the aqueous phases are symbolized by dashed lines.
- Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the method of the invention.
- the process comprises 8 steps.
- the first of these steps aims at jointly extracting uranium and plutonium, the first at the oxidation state + VI and the second at the degree of oxidation + IV of an aqueous solution resulting from the dissolution of spent nuclear fuels in nitric acid.
- Such a dissolution solution typically comprises from 3 to 6 mol / l of HNO 3, uranium, plutonium, minor actinides (americium, curium and neptunium), fission products (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Mo, Zr, Ru, Te, Rh, Pd, Y, Cs, Ba, ...) as well as some corrosion products such as iron.
- the "Co-extraction U / Pu” step is carried out by circulating, in the extractor 1, the counter-current dissolution solution of an organic phase (denoted “PO" in FIG. 1) which comprises:
- the concentration of this monoamide in the organic phase is from 1 mol / L to 2 mol / L, preferably from 1.3 mol / L to 1.4 mol / L and, more preferably, 1.35 mol / L;
- the concentration of this mixture (which therefore corresponds to the total concentration of the monoamides) in the organic phase is from 1 mol / L to 2 mol / L, preferably from 1.3 mol / l to 1.5 mol / l and, more preferably, from 1.4 mol / l, with a DEHiBA / DEHBA molar ratio which is, preferably, from 1.7 to 1 , 9 and, more preferably, 1.80; which gives, for example, 0.9 mol / L of DEHiBA for 0.5 mol / L of DEHBA when the concentration of the mixture is 1.4 mol / L.
- the organic diluent is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon such as ⁇ -dodecane, TPH or isoparaffinic diluent which is sold by TOTAL under the trade reference Isane IP 185T, preferably being given to TPH.
- the second step of the process aims at extracting from the organic phase resulting from the "Co-extraction U / Pu" the fraction of the fission products that have been extracted from the dissolution solution, together with with with uranium and plutonium.
- the "PF wash” stage comprises one or more operations for washing the organic phase resulting from the "U / Pu co-extraction", each washing operation being carried out by circulating this organic phase, in the extractor 2, against the current of a nitric aqueous solution whose concentration can range from 0.5 mol / l to 6 mol / l of HNO 3 but is preferably from 4 mol / l to 6 mol / l of HNO 3 and, more preferably, 4 to 5 mol / L HNO 3 so as to facilitate the removal of ruthenium and technetium.
- this step further comprises a deacidification of the organic phase, which is carried out by circulating this organic phase against the current of a slightly acidic aqueous nitric solution, that is to say comprising from 0.1 to 1 mol / l of HNO 3, for example for example, an aqueous solution comprising 0.5 mol / L of HNO 3, in order to prevent an excessive amount of acid being entrained towards the extractor devolved to the third stage, denoted "Pu extraction" in the figure 1, and does not disturb the performance of this third step.
- a slightly acidic aqueous nitric solution that is to say comprising from 0.1 to 1 mol / l of HNO 3
- an aqueous solution comprising 0.5 mol / L of HNO 3
- the "Pu extraction” stage which represents the first step of the U / Pu partition, aims to extract the plutonium from the oxidation state + IV, and, therefore, without any reduction of this plutonium, the organic phase resulting from the PF wash.
- the plutonium (IV) desextraction which is carried out at the "Pu Desextraction” stage, is accompanied by a substantial fraction of the uranium (VI) which is also present in the organic phase from "PF wash".
- the fourth step of the process denoted “ 1st Washing U” in FIG. 1 and which represents the second stage of the U / Pu partition, is intended to extract from the aqueous phase resulting from the "Pu Desextraction”. :
- the " 1st Washing U” is carried out by circulating, in the extractor 4, the aqueous phase resulting from the "Pu Desextraction” against the current of an organic phase of composition identical to that of the organic phase used for "Co-extraction U / Pu".
- the quantity of uranium extracted is adjusted by adjusting, firstly, the ratio of O / A flow rates, and secondly, the nitric acidity of the aqueous phase, uranium being, in fact, all the better extracted than the ratio of the organic phase / aqueous phase flow rates and the nitric acidity of the aqueous phase are high.
- a more or less concentrated addition of HNO3 to the aqueous phase circulating in the extractor 4 can therefore be provided depending on the acidity that it is desired to confer on this aqueous phase.
- the fifth step aims to extract the organic phase resulting from the “Pu extraction", the fraction of the technetium having been extracted during the "U / Pu co-extraction”. who was not de-extracted during "Wash PF”, in order to decontaminate this organic phase vis-à-vis technetium.
- uranose nitrate or U (IV)
- hydrazinium nitrate or NH
- hydroxylammonium nitrate or NHA
- acetaldoxime or a mixture of these may be used as reducing agents.
- ci such as a mixture U (IV) / NH, U (IV) / NHA or U (IV) / acetaldoxime, preferably being given to a mixture U (IV) / NH or U (VI) / NHA.
- Gluconic acid may be added to the aqueous solution in order to reduce the reoxidation phenomena of technetium in the aqueous phase by complexing Tc (IV) with gluconic acid and thus limiting the consumption of reducing agent (s) ( s).
- This step can be carried out at room temperature (that is to say at 20-25 ° C) but it is preferably carried out at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 40 ° C and, better still, 32 ° C. C so as to promote the kinetics of the extraction of technetium while limiting the reoxidation phenomena of technetium in the aqueous phase and, therefore, the risk of seeing the technetium, once extracted, be re-extracted into the organic phase.
- the sixth step denoted " 2nd Washing U" in FIG.
- the seventh step aims to extract the uranium (VI) from the organic phase resulting from the "A-Tc Dam".
- nitric aqueous solution of very low acidity that is to say comprising at most 0 , 05 mol / L of HN03 as, for example, an aqueous solution comprising 0.01 mol / L of HNO3.
- This step can be carried out at room temperature (that is to say at 20-25 ° C.) but it is preferably carried out hot (that is to say typically at a temperature of 40-50 ° C. ) and using an O / A flow ratio greater than 1 for the uranium (VI) to be concentrically desextract.
- two raffinates which correspond to the aqueous phases emerging respectively from the extractors 1 and 6 and which comprise, for the first, fission products as well as americium and curium ("primary raffinate” in FIG. 1) and, for the second, technetium, neptunium and possibly traces of plutonium (“secondary raffinate” in Figure 1);
- the aqueous phase leaving the extractor 4 which comprises either decontaminated plutonium or a mixture of decontaminated plutonium and uranium and which is called "Pu flux” or "Pu + U flux” as the case may be;
- the eighth step is intended to regenerate this organic phase by subjecting it to one or more washings with a basic aqueous solution, for example a first wash with an aqueous solution with 0.3 mol / L of sodium carbonate, followed by a second washing with a 0.1 mol / L aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, followed by one or more washes with an aqueous solution of nitric acid allowing the reacidifier, for example an aqueous solution comprising 2 mol / l of HNO 3, each washing being carried out by circulating said organic phase, in an extractor, against the current of the aqueous washing solution.
- a basic aqueous solution for example a first wash with an aqueous solution with 0.3 mol / L of sodium carbonate, followed by a second washing with a 0.1 mol / L aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, followed by one or more washes with an aqueous solution of nitric acid allowing the reacidifier
- the organic phase thus regenerated can then be returned to extractors 1 and 4 for reintroduction into the treatment cycle.
- phases comprising either a DEHiBA / DEHBA mixture comprising 1.2 mol / L of DEHiBA and 0.3 mol / L of DEHBA in TPH, ie 1.1 mol / L of DEHDMBA in TPH, or TBP at 30% (v / v) in TPH; and
- aqueous phases aliquots of an aqueous solution previously obtained by dissolution in nitric acid of pellets of an irradiated MOX fuel.
- This aqueous solution comprises 3.15 mol / L of HNO 3 and its composition in elements is presented in Table I below.
- the concentrations of uranium and plutonium on the one hand, and americium and fission product activities on the other hand, are measured in the organic and aqueous phases thus separated, by colorimetry for uranium, spectrometry a for plutonium and ⁇ spectrometry for americium and fission products.
- Table II below presents the distribution coefficients as determined from the concentrations and activities thus measured.
- Tests to simulate in tubes the extraction of the "Co-extraction U / Pu”, “ 1st PF wash”, “Pu extraction” (two stages), “A-Tc dam” and “ Destraction U “of the process of the invention are made from an aqueous solution previously obtained by dissolving in nitric acid pellets from different irradiated fuels type UOX-REB (Boiling Water Reactor) and UOX-REP (Pressurized Water Reactor).
- UOX-REB Boiling Water Reactor
- UOX-REP Pressurized Water Reactor
- This aqueous solution comprises 4.3 mol / l of H N03 and its composition in elements is presented in Table III below.
- concentrations of uranium and plutonium on the one hand, and the activities of americium and ⁇ - ⁇ isotopes on the other, are measured in each of the organic and aqueous phases thus separated, by X-ray fluorescence for uranium and plutonium, and ⁇ -spectrometry for ⁇ - ⁇ isotopes.
- the concentrations of Te, Np, Zr, Mo and Fe could only be measured in aqueous phase by ICP-AES and the concentrations of these elements in organic phase were estimated by difference between the initial concentrations of said elements in aqueous phase. and those measured at equilibrium after extraction.
- “Pu stripping” stage the organic phase obtained at the end of the "PF washing” stage is brought into contact, with stirring, twice successively (by renewing the aqueous phase) with an aqueous solution comprising 0.1 mol / L of HN03 and 140 g / L of uranium (which makes it possible to maintain the uranium in the organic phase and to avoid its transfer in the aqueous phase) for 15 minutes at 25 ° C, in a volume ratio O / A of 2. Then, the aqueous and organic phases are separated after centrifugation and analyzed as above.
- Stage " ⁇ -Tc barrier" the organic phase obtained at the end of the "Pu stripping" stage is brought into contact, with stirring, with an aqueous solution comprising 1.5 mol / L of HNO 3, 5 g / Uranium (IV) and 0.2 mol / L nitrate of hydroxylammonium (NHA), for 30 minutes at 25 ° C, in a volume ratio O / A of 1.5. Then, the aqueous and organic phases are separated after centrifugation and analyzed as above.
- this essay includes:
- a step, denoted “extraction” in FIG. 2 which is carried out in a first 8-stage battery of mixer-settlers and which aims at extracting uranium and technetium from an aqueous solution denoted "Charge” in FIG. 2, which comprises 320 g / l of uranium, 279 mg / l of technetium 99m and 0.57 mol / l of HN03, using an organic phase comprising 0.9 mol / l of DEHiBA and 0.5 mol / L of DEHBA in TPH; the composition of the feedstock and the operating conditions in which the "extraction” is carried out are chosen so that at the end of this step an organic phase of similar composition to that which the organic phase resulting from of the step "Pu stripping" in the process of the invention;
- ⁇ -Tc barrier a step, denoted " ⁇ -Tc barrier" in FIG. 2, which is carried out in the last 8 stages of a second 11-stage mixer-settler battery and which aims to extract the technetium from the organic phase resulting from the "Extraction” step with an aqueous solution comprising 1 mol / L of HNO 3, 5 g / L of U (IV) and 0.2 mol / L of hydrazinium nitrate (NH);
- step denoted “washing U” in FIG. 2, which is carried out in the first 3 stages of the second battery and which aims to reextract in the organic phase the uranium which has been desextracted, together with the technetium, during the ⁇ -Tc dam "in order to limit the leakage of uranium into the technetium flux; this step is carried out using an organic phase of the same composition as that used for the "Extraction”step; a step, denoted “Desextraction U" in FIG.
- An aqueous solution comprising 1 mol / l of HNO 3, 50 g / l of U (IV) and 0.2 mol / l of NH is added to the 5 th stage of the second battery (which corresponds to the 2 nd stage of the step "Dam ⁇ -Tc") in order to maintain a minimum concentration of U (IV) in the first two stages of the "a-Tc barrier", the U (IV) being, in fact, partially consumed during of time by reoxidation / reduction loops of technetium by nitric (and nitrous) and U (IV) acids.
- An aqueous solution comprising 10 mol / l of HNO 3 is also added to the 3 rd stage of the second battery in order to increase the acidity of the aqueous phase circulating in the 3 stages devolved to the "U wash" of 1 mol / L to 2.5 mol / L and thus promote the re-extraction of uranium in the organic phase.
- a flow ratio O / A of 1 is applied in the 3 stages of the "Washing U” while a flow ratio O / A of 4 is applied in the 8 stages of the "Dam ⁇ -Tc" to obtain a desextraction of concentrating technetium.
- the temperature of the 8 stages of the " ⁇ -Tc barrier” and the 5 stages of the "U-Desextraction” is set at 40 ° C in order to promote the kinetics of the extraction of technetium by the U (IV) while limiting the phenomena of reoxidation of this element which are catalyzed at high temperature.
- the test is carried out for 8.5 hours (including 3 in equilibrium) from the introduction of the charge into the battery assigned to the "Extraction” step. Samples are taken every two hours to verify the achievement of the thermodynamic equilibrium, then the organic and aqueous phases of all stages are taken and analyzed at the end of the test.
- FDU / T C (FDU / T C ), calculated by dividing the ratio of concentrations of uranium and technetium in the aqueous phase from the "U-Desextraction" by the ratio of the concentrations of uranium and technetium in the feed, is estimated at 538 at the end of the test.
- FIG. 3 shows the installation and operating conditions that were used for two tests to validate in extractors the process of the invention as a whole.
- the process of the invention is applied to the treatment of an aqueous nitric solution for dissolving spent nuclear fuel in order to obtain a first aqueous stream comprising a mixture of purified plutonium and uranium and a second stream aqueous composition comprising purified uranium.
- the organic phases used comprise a DEHiBA / DEHBA mixture at a rate of 0.9 mol / L of DEHiBA and 0.5 mol / L of DEHBA in TPH.
- an armored chain comprising:
- an aqueous solution comprising 1 mol / L of HN03, 50 g / L U (IV) and 0.2 mol / L NH is added to the 5 th stage of the fifth battery (which therefore corresponds to the 2nd stage the step "Dam ⁇ -Tc") in order to maintain a minimum concentration of U (IV) in the first two stages of the " ⁇ -Tc dam"; while
- an aqueous solution comprising 10 mol / L of HNO 3 is also added to the 3 rd stage of the fifth 11-stage battery in order to increase the nitric acid concentration of the aqueous phase circulating in the 3 stages devolved to the 2 nd stage; Washing U "of 1 mol / L to 2.5 mol / L and thus facilitate the re-extraction of uranium in the organic phase.
- an aqueous solution comprising 8 mol / L of HNO 3 is added to the aqueous solution resulting from the "Pu Desextraction", upon its entry into the fourth battery assigned to the " 1st Washing U" in order to increase the concentration.
- nitric acid to facilitate the re-extraction of uranium in the organic phase.
- the temperature of the 8 stages of the " ⁇ -Tc Dam” and the 5 stages of the "U-Desextraction” is set at 40 ° C.
- the O / A flow ratios used in the "Pu Desextraction” and “U Desextraction” stages are respectively 6 and 1.24.
- a first test is first performed for 80 hours.
- the ASTM specification is not reached because of the high cesium contamination of the shielded chain, the radiological blank being, in fact, of the same level as the measurement of the cesium 137 activity carried out in the U.
- plutonium since the concentration of plutonium in the U flux is 67 ⁇ g / L, ie a FDu / p u of 12,400 and a residual Pu activity of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 Bq / gU for an ASTM standard at 125 Bq / gU;
- neptunium since the concentration of neptunium in the U flux is 34 ⁇ g / L, that is a UDF / N p of 1,070 and a residual activity of Np of 17 Bq / gU for an ASTM standard at 125 Bq / gU;
- the Pu + U flux is also decontaminated vis-à-vis the fission products.
- the ASTM specification is not reached because of the contamination problems of the devolved batteries. the "Pu Desextraction” and the " 1st Wash U”.
- the ASTM specification on the total ⁇ activity is reached (4.10 4 ev.Bq / kgPu for 10 5 Mev.Bq / gPu referred to).
- the Pu + U flux is very well decontaminated with respect to technetium since the concentration of technetium in the Pu + U flux is 4.2 mg / L, ie a FDP U / T C of 121 and a residual amount of Te of 609 ⁇ g / gPu, well below the 6,000 ⁇ g / gPu limit imposed by the ASTM standard on plutonium oxide.
- the concentration of uranium in the Pu + U flux measured at the end of the test is greater than the target Pu / U ratio, but this is due to a malfunctioning of the flow rate of the aqueous HNO 3 solution that has been added to the aqueous solution. resulting from the "Pu Desextraction", when he entered the fourth battery dedicated to the " 1st Washing U”.
- thermodynamic equilibrium is reached and the various aqueous and organic phases are collected and analyzed.
- the tests described above demonstrate the possibility of recovering, separating and decontaminating the uranium and plutonium present in an aqueous nitric solution for dissolving spent nuclear fuel in a treatment cycle, without resorting to a reductive extraction of the plutonium and with decontamination factors for uranium and plutonium, especially with respect to ⁇ - ⁇ emitters, such that it is not necessary to provide additional purification cycles for uranium and plutonium.
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Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2018107232A RU2706954C2 (ru) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-28 | Способ обработки водного азотнокислого раствора, полученного при растворении отработавшего ядерного топлива, выполняемый в одном цикле и не требующий какой-либо операции, включающей восстановительную реэкстракцию плутония |
| JP2018504217A JP6688873B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-28 | 単一のサイクルで、プルトニウムの還元逆抽出を伴う操作を全く必要としない、使用済み核燃料の溶解から生じる硝酸水溶液の処置のための方法 |
| GB1801310.2A GB2555552B (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-28 | Method for the treatment of an aqueous nitric solution resulting from dissolving spent nuclear fuel, said method being performed in a single cycle |
| CN201680044564.2A CN107851470B (zh) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-28 | 处理由溶解废核燃料产生的硝酸水溶液的方法 |
| US15/747,713 US10249396B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-28 | Method for the treatment of an aqueous nitric solution resulting from dissolving spent nuclear fuel, said method being performed in a single cycle and without requiring any operation involving reductive stripping of plutonium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1557263A FR3039696B1 (fr) | 2015-07-29 | 2015-07-29 | Procede de traitement en un cycle, exempt d'operation de desextraction reductrice du plutonium, d'une solution aqueuse nitrique de dissolution d'un combustible nucleaire use |
| FR1557263 | 2015-07-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2017017207A1 true WO2017017207A1 (fr) | 2017-02-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/068040 Ceased WO2017017207A1 (fr) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-28 | Procédé de traitement en un cycle, exempt d'opération de désextraction réductrice du plutonium, d'une solution aqueuse nitrique de dissolution d'un combustible nucléaire usé |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10249396B2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6688873B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN107851470B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3039696B1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB2555552B (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2706954C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017017207A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3063499A1 (fr) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de recuperation et de purification de l'uranium present dans une boue de diuranate de potassium contaminee par du plutonium, du neptunium et du technetium |
| WO2019002788A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Carbamides pour la séparation de l'uranium(vi) et du plutonium(iv) sans réduction du plutonium(iv) |
| RU2713010C1 (ru) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-02-03 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Горно-химический комбинат" (ФГУП "ГХК" | Способ очистки азотнокислых растворов от америция |
| WO2023067273A1 (fr) | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Monoamides à amine cyclique pour l'extraction de l'uranium(vi) et du plutonium(iv) et pour leur séparation sans réduction du plutonium(iv) |
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| FR3053151B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-08-10 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de dissolution d'un combustible nucleaire |
| CN112678939B (zh) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-12-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种硝酸中硝酸肼和硝酸羟胺的脱除方法 |
| CN111863301B (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-08-19 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 一种purex流程废有机相中保留钚的洗脱方法 |
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| CN114649060B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2025-10-17 | 中核四0四有限公司 | 一种大型工业级天然铀萃取柱建模仿真方法 |
| CN115537559A (zh) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-30 | 中核四0四有限公司 | 一种天然铀萃取剂的再生方法 |
| CN117210686A (zh) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-12-12 | 中核四0四有限公司 | 一种在高放废液中提取锶和镅的三循环工艺流程 |
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| FR2642561A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede pour separer l'uranium vi du thorium iv presents dans une solution aqueuse au moyen d'un n, n-dialkylamide, utilisable notamment pour separer l'uranium produit par irradiation du thorium |
| FR2642562A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'extraction de l'uranium vi et/ou du plutonium iv presents dans une solution aqueuse acide au moyen d'un melange de n,n-dialkylamides, utilisable pour le retraitement de combustibles nucleaires irradies |
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| RU2249267C2 (ru) * | 2003-04-09 | 2005-03-27 | Государственное унитарное предприятие Научно-производственное объединение "Радиевый институт им. В.Г. Хлопина" | Способ переработки облученного ядерного топлива (варианты) |
| CN1203489C (zh) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-05-25 | 清华大学 | 用水溶性氧杂酰胺从有机相反萃分离放射性元素的方法 |
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| FR2954354B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-22 | 2012-01-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de purification de l'uranium d'un concentre d'uranium naturel |
| RU2540342C2 (ru) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-02-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Радиевый институт имени В.Г. Хлопина" | Способ переработки облученного ядерного топлива |
| FR3015760B1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2016-01-29 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de traitement d'un combustible nucleaire use comprenant une etape de decontamination de l'uranium(vi) en au moins un actinide(iv) par complexation de cet actinide(iv) |
-
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- 2015-07-29 FR FR1557263A patent/FR3039696B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-07-28 WO PCT/EP2016/068040 patent/WO2017017207A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-07-28 US US15/747,713 patent/US10249396B2/en active Active
- 2016-07-28 GB GB1801310.2A patent/GB2555552B/en active Active
- 2016-07-28 RU RU2018107232A patent/RU2706954C2/ru active
- 2016-07-28 CN CN201680044564.2A patent/CN107851470B/zh active Active
- 2016-07-28 JP JP2018504217A patent/JP6688873B2/ja active Active
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| FR2591213A1 (fr) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-06-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'extraction de l'uranium vi et/ou du plutonium iv presents dans une solution aqueuse au moyen de n,n-dialkylamides |
| FR2642561A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede pour separer l'uranium vi du thorium iv presents dans une solution aqueuse au moyen d'un n, n-dialkylamide, utilisable notamment pour separer l'uranium produit par irradiation du thorium |
| FR2642562A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'extraction de l'uranium vi et/ou du plutonium iv presents dans une solution aqueuse acide au moyen d'un melange de n,n-dialkylamides, utilisable pour le retraitement de combustibles nucleaires irradies |
| FR2960690A1 (fr) * | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de traitement de combustibles nucleaires uses ne necessitant pas d'operation de desextraction reductrice du plutonium |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3063499A1 (fr) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de recuperation et de purification de l'uranium present dans une boue de diuranate de potassium contaminee par du plutonium, du neptunium et du technetium |
| WO2019002788A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Carbamides pour la séparation de l'uranium(vi) et du plutonium(iv) sans réduction du plutonium(iv) |
| FR3068257A1 (fr) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-04 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Carbamides pour la separation de l'uranium(vi) et du plutonium(iv) sans reduction du plutonium(iv) |
| US11479833B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2022-10-25 | Commissariat A L'Énergie Atomique Et Aux Énergies | Carbamides for separating uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) without reducing the plutonium(IV) |
| RU2713010C1 (ru) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-02-03 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Горно-химический комбинат" (ФГУП "ГХК" | Способ очистки азотнокислых растворов от америция |
| WO2023067273A1 (fr) | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Monoamides à amine cyclique pour l'extraction de l'uranium(vi) et du plutonium(iv) et pour leur séparation sans réduction du plutonium(iv) |
| FR3128460A1 (fr) | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Monoamides à amine cyclique et leurs utilisations |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6688873B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 |
| JP2018527561A (ja) | 2018-09-20 |
| FR3039696B1 (fr) | 2017-07-28 |
| GB201801310D0 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
| GB2555552B (en) | 2020-07-22 |
| GB2555552A (en) | 2018-05-02 |
| US20180218798A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
| RU2018107232A3 (fr) | 2019-08-30 |
| CN107851470A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
| CN107851470B (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
| RU2706954C2 (ru) | 2019-11-21 |
| FR3039696A1 (fr) | 2017-02-03 |
| RU2018107232A (ru) | 2019-08-29 |
| US10249396B2 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
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