WO2017047707A1 - アンチセンス核酸 - Google Patents
アンチセンス核酸 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017047707A1 WO2017047707A1 PCT/JP2016/077305 JP2016077305W WO2017047707A1 WO 2017047707 A1 WO2017047707 A1 WO 2017047707A1 JP 2016077305 W JP2016077305 W JP 2016077305W WO 2017047707 A1 WO2017047707 A1 WO 2017047707A1
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- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
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- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
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- C12N2310/32—Chemical structure of the sugar
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- C12N2310/3233—Morpholino-type ring
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antisense oligomer that enables skipping of the 45th exon of the human dystrophin gene and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the oligomer.
- DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- DMD is known to be caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.
- the dystrophin gene exists on the X chromosome and is a huge gene consisting of 2.2 million bases of DNA. Transcripts from DNA to mRNA precursors, introns removed by splicing, and 79 exons bound to mRNA are 13,993 bases. This mRNA is translated into 3,685 amino acids to produce dystrophin protein.
- Dystrophin protein is involved in maintaining the membrane stability of muscle cells, and is necessary to make muscle cells difficult to break. Since the dystrophin gene of DMD patients has a mutation, dystrophin protein having a function in muscle cells is hardly expressed. Therefore, in the DMD patient body, the structure of muscle cells cannot be maintained, and a large amount of calcium ions flow into the muscle cells. As a result, a reaction similar to inflammation occurs and fibrosis advances, making it difficult for muscle cells to regenerate.
- Becker muscular dystrophy is also caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, but its symptoms are generally weaker than DMD, but are generally milder than those of DMD, and the progression of weakness is slow, often occurring in adulthood.
- the difference in clinical symptoms between DMD and BMD is thought to be due to whether the amino acid reading frame when dystrophin mRNA is translated into dystrophin protein due to mutation is destroyed or maintained (non-patented) Reference 1).
- DMD has a mutation that shifts the amino acid reading frame, so that almost no functional dystrophin protein is expressed, but in BMD, a part of the exon is deleted due to the mutation, but the amino acid reading frame is maintained. Therefore, a dystrophin protein having a function although it is incomplete is produced.
- Exon skipping is expected as a treatment for DMD.
- This method restores the amino acid reading frame of dystrophin mRNA by modifying splicing and induces the expression of dystrophin protein partially restored in function (Non-patent Document 2).
- the part of the amino acid sequence targeted for exon skipping will be lost.
- the dystrophin protein expressed by this treatment is shorter than the normal one, but the function of stabilizing muscle cells is partially retained because the amino acid reading frame is maintained.
- exon skipping is expected to cause DMD to exhibit symptoms similar to milder BMD.
- the exon skipping method has been tested in human DMD patients through animal experiments using mice and dogs.
- Exon skipping can be induced by the binding of antisense nucleic acids that target either or both 5 'or 3' splice sites, or the interior of an exon. Exons are only included in mRNA if both splice sites are recognized by the spliceosome complex. Thus, exon skipping can be induced by targeting the splice site with an antisense nucleic acid. In addition, it is thought that binding of serine and arginine-rich SR protein to exon splicing enhancer (ESE) is necessary for exon to be recognized by splicing mechanism, and exon skipping is also possible by targeting ESE. Can be induced.
- ESE exon splicing enhancer
- the present invention provides a novel linking antisense oligomer that induces exon skipping targeting two different nucleotide sequences within the same exon of the dystrophin gene and a muscular dystrophy therapeutic agent comprising the same
- the main purpose is to do.
- the present inventors have obtained an antisense oligomer obtained by ligating oligomers targeting two different sites of exon 45 of the human dystrophin gene. Found that it can induce skipping of the exon. The present inventors have completed the present invention based on this finding.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [2] The antisense oligomer or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof according to [1], wherein one of the two unit oligomers is (a).
- [3] The anti-antibody according to [1] or [2] above, comprising any one base sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7-12, 14-33, 40-52, 57, 64, 65, 79-86 Sense oligomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof.
- [Four] The antisense oligomer or the pharmaceutical thereof according to any one of [1] to [3], which comprises any one base sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 25, 30, 33, 79, 80 Acceptable salt or hydrate.
- the antisense oligomer or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof according to any one of [1] to [4], which is an oligonucleotide.
- the sugar moiety of at least one nucleotide constituting the oligonucleotide has a 2′-position —OH group, OR, R, R′OR, SH, SR, NH 2 , NHR, NR 2 , N 3 ,
- the above R represents alkyl or aryl, and the above R ′ represents alkylene.
- the phosphate binding portion of at least one nucleotide constituting the oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of a phosphorothioate bond, a phosphorodithioate bond, an alkylphosphonate bond, a phosphoramidate bond, and a boranophosphate bond.
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating muscular dystrophy comprising the antisense oligomer according to any one of [1] to [12], a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof as an active ingredient.
- the antisense oligomer according to any one of the above [1] to [12] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition according to the above [13] or [14] to a muscular dystrophy patient A method for treating muscular dystrophy, comprising a step of administering.
- the antisense oligomer of the present invention can effectively induce exon 45 skipping of the human dystrophin gene. Moreover, the symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be effectively reduced by administering the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Deletion exons of target patients include 18-44, 44, 46, 46-47, 46-48, 46-49, 46-51, 46-53, etc.
- Antisense oligomer The present invention provides an antisense oligomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof (hereinafter referred to as “oligomer of the present invention”) capable of skipping the 45th exon of the human dystrophin gene. .
- “gene” includes cDNA, mRNA precursor and mRNA in addition to genomic genes.
- the gene is an mRNA precursor, ie pre-mRNA.
- the human dystrophin gene is present at locus Xp21.2.
- the human dystrophin gene has a size of 3.0 Mbp and is the largest known human gene.
- the coding region of the human dystrophin gene is only 14 kb, and the coding region is dispersed in the dystrophin gene as 79 exons (Roberts, RG., Et al., Genomics, 16: 536-538 ( 1993)).
- Pre-mRNA a transcript of the human dystrophin gene, is spliced to produce a 14 kb mature mRNA.
- the base sequence of the human wild-type dystrophin gene is known (GenBank Accession No. NM_004006).
- the nucleotide sequence of exon 45 of the human wild type dystrophin gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13. Further, among the nucleotide sequence of exon 45 (SEQ ID NO: 13) of the human wild type dystrophin gene, the sequence consisting of the 5th to 15th bases counted from the 5 ′ end is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- a sequence consisting of the 48th to 70th bases, a sequence consisting of the 128th to 150th bases, a sequence consisting of the 15th to 40th bases, and a sequence consisting of the 110th to 125th bases are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 6, respectively. 143.
- the oligomer of the present invention is prepared for the purpose of modifying a protein encoded by the DMD dystrophin gene into a BMD dystrophin protein by skipping exon 45 of the human dystrophin gene. Therefore, exon 45 of the dystrophin gene to be subjected to exon skipping of the oligomer of the present invention includes not only the wild type but also the mutant type. Exon 45 of the mutant human dystrophin gene or a part thereof is specifically the polynucleotide described in (I) or (II) below.
- polynucleotide and a string comprising a base sequence complementary to any base sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 143
- a polynucleotide that hybridizes under mild conditions (II) 90% or more identity to any base sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 143
- polynucleotide means DNA or RNA.
- a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions is, for example, from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 143.
- the term “complementary base sequence” is not limited to a base sequence that forms a Watson-Crick pair with a target base sequence, but a base that forms a wobble base pair. Also includes sequences.
- the Watson-Crick pair means a base pair in which a hydrogen bond is formed between adenine-thymine, adenine-uracil and guanine-cytosine
- the fluctuation base pair means guanine-uracil, inosine-uracil, inosine.
- the “complementary base sequence” may not have 100% complementarity with the target base sequence. For example, 1 to 3 or 1 to 3 with respect to the target base sequence Two or one non-complementary base may be included.
- stringent conditions may be any of low stringent conditions, medium stringent conditions, and high stringent conditions.
- Low stringent conditions are, for example, conditions of 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 32 ° C.
- Medium stringent conditions include, for example, 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 42 ° C. or 5 ⁇ SSC, 1% SDS, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5 ), 50% formamide, 42 ° C.
- “High stringent conditions” are, for example, 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, 50 ° C. or 0.2 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 65 ° C. Under these conditions, it can be expected that a polynucleotide having high identity can be efficiently obtained as the temperature is increased.
- factors affecting the stringency of hybridization include multiple factors such as temperature, probe concentration, probe length, ionic strength, time, and salt concentration, and those skilled in the art can select these factors as appropriate. By doing so, it is possible to achieve the same stringency.
- Alkphos Direct Labeling and Detection System (GE Healthcare) can be used, for example.
- GE Healthcare Alkphos Direct Labeling and Detection System
- follow the protocol attached to the kit incubate with the labeled probe overnight, and then wash the membrane with primary wash buffer containing 0.1% (w / v) SDS at 55 ° C.
- the hybridized polynucleotide can be detected.
- a commercially available reagent for example, PCR labeling mix (Roche Diagnostics)
- DIG digoxigenin
- DIG nucleic acid detection kit Roche Diagnostics
- Polynucleotides other than the above hybridizable polynucleotides are SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5 when calculated using BLAST, which is homology search software, using default parameters.
- the oligomer of the present invention is an antisense oligomer having a length of 14 to 32 bases or a pharmaceutically acceptable product thereof, in which two unit oligomers selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (e) are linked: Salt or hydrate.
- A a unit oligomer consisting of a sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence of 7 to 16 bases selected from the nucleotide sequence of the 5th to 15th nucleotides from the 5 ′ end of the 45th exon of the human dystrophin gene;
- B a unit oligomer consisting of a sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence of 7 to 16 bases selected from the nucleotide sequence of the 48th to 70th nucleotides from the 5 ′ end of the 45th exon of the human dystrophin gene;
- C a unit oligomer comprising a sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence of continuous 7 to 16 bases selected from the nucleotide sequence of the 128th to 150th nucleotides from the 5 'end of the 45th exon of the human dystrophin gene;
- D a unit oligomer consisting of a sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence of 7 to 16 bases selected from the nucleot
- each of the above unit oligomers (a) to (e) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “unit”) is 7 to 16 bases long, preferably 8 to 16 bases long, and 9 to 16 bases long It is.
- the size of each unit may be the same or different.
- the two unit oligomers when selecting two unit oligomers from the group consisting of (a) to (e), the two unit oligomers have the same combination of (a) to (e) (ie, (a) and (a), (b) And (b), (c) and (c), (d) and (d), (e) and (e)), or different combinations, but preferably different It is a combination.
- the other unit when (a) is selected as one unit, the other unit is preferably any one of (b) to (e).
- the other unit when unit (b) is selected for one, the other unit is preferably (a), (c), (d) or (e), and when unit (c) is selected for one
- the other unit is preferably (a), (b), (d) or (e).
- either of the two selected units may be placed on the 5 ′ end side, but if (a) and (b) are selected Unit (a) is linked to the 3 'end, and if (b) and (c) are selected, unit (b) is linked to the 3' end and (a) and (c) are selected. Unit (a) is linked to the 3 ′ end, and if (a) and (d) are selected, unit (a) is linked to the 3 ′ end, and (a) and ( If e) is selected, the unit (a) is preferably linked to the 3 ′ end.
- connection means that two units selected from (a) to (e) are directly connected. That is, when two units are linked, the 3 ′ end of the unit located on the 5 ′ end side and the 5 ′ end of the unit located on the 3 ′ end side form a phosphate bond or the following group: Means that.
- X represents —OH, —CH 2 R 1 , —O—CH 2 R 1 , —S—CH 2 R 1 , —NR 2 R 3 or F;
- R 1 represents H, alkyl;
- R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl;
- Y 1 represents 0, S, CH 2 or NR 1 ;
- Y 2 represents 0, S or NR 1 ;
- Z represents 0 or S.
- “Enabling the 45th exon of the human dystrophin gene” means that the oligomer of the present invention binds to a site corresponding to exon 45 of a transcript (eg, pre-mRNA) of the human dystrophin gene.
- a transcript eg, pre-mRNA
- the transcript is spliced, for example, in a DMD patient having a deletion in exon 44, a base corresponding to the 5 ′ end of exon 46 is linked to a base corresponding to the 3 ′ end of exon 43, It means that a mature mRNA is formed in which no codon frame shift has occurred.
- the “binding” means that when the oligomer of the present invention and the transcript of the human dystrophin gene are mixed, they hybridize to form a double strand under physiological conditions.
- the “physiological condition” means a condition adjusted to a pH, salt composition, and temperature similar to those in a living body.
- the conditions are 25 to 40 ° C., preferably 37 ° C., pH 5 to 8, preferably pH 7.4, and the sodium chloride concentration is 150 ⁇ m.
- exon 45 skipping of the human dystrophin gene occurred was determined by introducing the oligomer of the present invention into a dystrophin-expressing cell (for example, human rhabdomyosarcoma cell), and from the total RNA of the dystrophin-expressing cell, It can be confirmed by performing RT-PCR amplification on the peripheral region of exon 45 of mRNA and performing nested PCR or sequence analysis on the PCR amplification product.
- a dystrophin-expressing cell for example, human rhabdomyosarcoma cell
- the oligomer of the present invention has exon 45 at an efficiency of 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more. Skipping. For calculation of skipping efficiency, International Publication No. 2012/029986 can be referred to.
- oligomer of the present invention examples include oligonucleotides, morpholino oligomers, and peptide nucleic acid (Peptide® Nucleic Acid: PNA) oligomers having a length of 14 to 32 bases.
- the oligomer of the present invention has 16-30 bases, 17-30 bases, 18-30 bases, 19-30 bases, 20-30 bases, 20-29 bases, 20-28 bases, 20-27 bases, 20 The length is from ⁇ 26 bases or from 21 ⁇ 26 bases, and is preferably a morpholino oligomer.
- oligonucleotide of the present invention is an oligomer of the present invention having nucleotide as a structural unit, and such nucleotide may be any of ribonucleotide, deoxyribonucleotide, or modified nucleotide.
- Modified nucleotides are those in which all or part of the nucleobase, sugar moiety, and phosphate binding moiety constituting ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide are modified.
- nucleobase examples include adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, and modified bases thereof.
- modified bases include pseudouracil, 3-methyluracil, dihydrouracil, 5-alkylcytosine (eg, 5-methylcytosine), 5-alkyluracil (eg, 5-ethyluracil), 5-halouracil (5 -Bromouracil), 6-azapyrimidine, 6-alkylpyrimidine (6-methyluracil), 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, 4-acetylcytosine, 5- (carboxyhydroxymethyl) uracil, 5'-carboxymethylaminomethyl -2-thiouracil, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, 1-methyladenine, 1-methylhypoxanthine, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, N6-methyladenine 7-
- modification of the sugar moiety examples include modification of the 2 ′ position of ribose and modification of other parts of the sugar.
- modification at the 2 ′ position of ribose examples include, for example, the —OH group at the 2 ′ position of ribose is OR, R, R′OR, SH, SR, NH 2 , NHR, NR 2 , N 3 , CN, F, Cl , Br and I can be substituted.
- R represents alkyl or aryl.
- R ′ represents alkylene.
- modifications of other parts of the sugar include, for example, those in which 4'-position O of ribose or deoxyribose is replaced with S, and those in which the 2'-position and 4'-position of the sugar are cross-linked, such as LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid ) Or ENA (2′-O, 4′-C-Ethylene-bridged Nucleic Acids), etc., but is not limited thereto.
- LNA Locked Nucleic Acid
- ENA (2′-O, 4′-C-Ethylene-bridged Nucleic Acids
- Examples of the modification of the phosphate binding moiety include phosphorothioate bond, phosphorodithioate bond, alkylphosphonate bond, phosphoramidate bond, boranophosphate bond (Enya et al: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2008 , 18, 9154-9160) (see, for example, Patent Republished Publication Nos. 2006/129594 and 2006/038608).
- the alkyl is preferably a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, n-hexyl and isohexyl. It is done.
- the alkyl may be substituted, and examples of the substituent include halogen, alkoxy, cyano, and nitro, and 1 to 3 of these may be substituted.
- cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable. Specific examples include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, and cyclododecyl.
- halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- Alkoxy includes linear or branched alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n- Examples include pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy and the like. In particular, alkoxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable.
- aryl aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable. Specific examples include phenyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, and ⁇ -naphthyl. Particularly preferred is phenyl.
- the aryl may be substituted, and examples of the substituent include alkyl, halogen, alkoxy, cyano, and nitro, and 1 to 3 of these may be substituted.
- alkylene linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable. Specific examples include methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, 2- (ethyl) trimethylene, and 1- (methyl) tetramethylene.
- acyl examples include linear or branched alkanoyl or aroyl.
- alkanoyl examples include formyl, acetyl, 2-methylacetyl, 2,2-dimethylacetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pentanoyl, 2,2-dimethylpropionyl, hexanoyl and the like.
- aroyl examples include benzoyl, toluoyl, and naphthoyl. Such aroyl may be substituted at substitutable positions and may be substituted with alkyl.
- the oligonucleotide of the present invention preferably has a group represented by the following general formula in which the —OH group at the 2′-position of ribose is substituted with methoxy and the phosphate bond portion is a phosphorothioate bond. Oligomer. (In the formula, Base represents a nucleobase.)
- the oligonucleotide of the present invention can be easily synthesized using various automatic synthesizers (for example, AKTA oligopilot plus 10/100 (GE Healthcare)), or a third-party organization (for example, Promega or It can also be manufactured by consigning to Takara).
- automatic synthesizers for example, AKTA oligopilot plus 10/100 (GE Healthcare)
- third-party organization for example, Promega or It can also be manufactured by consigning to Takara.
- the morpholino oligomer is an oligomer of the present invention having a group represented by the following general formula as a structural unit.
- Base is as defined above; W represents a group represented by any of the following formulas.
- X represents —CH 2 R 1 , —O—CH 2 R 1 , —S—CH 2 R 1 , —NR 2 R 3 or F;
- R 1 represents H, alkyl;
- R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl;
- Y 1 represents 0, S, CH 2 or NR 1 ;
- Y 2 represents 0, S or NR 1 ;
- Z represents 0 or S.
- the morpholino oligomer is preferably an oligomer (a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (hereinafter referred to as “PMO”)) having a group represented by the following formula as a structural unit. (In the formula, Base, R 2 and R 3 are as defined above.)
- PMO phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer
- the morpholino oligomer can be produced, for example, according to International Publication No. 1991/009033 or International Publication No. 2009/064471.
- PMO can be produced according to the method described in WO 2009/064471, or can be produced according to the method described in WO 2013/100190.
- PMO manufacturing method As one embodiment of PMO, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (I) (hereinafter referred to as PMO (I)) can be mentioned.
- PMO (I) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) (hereinafter referred to as PMO (I))
- PMO (I) a compound represented by the following general formula (I) (hereinafter referred to as PMO (I))
- n is an arbitrary integer in the range of 1 to 99, preferably an arbitrary integer in the range of 13 to 31.
- PMO (I) can be produced according to a known method, and can be produced, for example, by carrying out an operation in the following steps.
- the compounds and reagents used in the following steps are not particularly limited as long as they are generally used in the production of PMO.
- all the following steps can be performed by a liquid phase method or a solid phase method (using a manual or a commercially available solid phase automatic synthesizer).
- a method using an automatic synthesizer is desirable from the viewpoint of simplification of operation procedures and accuracy of synthesis.
- Process A By reacting an acid with a compound represented by the following general formula (II) (hereinafter referred to as compound (II)), a compound represented by the following general formula (III) (hereinafter referred to as compound (III)) )).
- a compound represented by the following general formula (III) hereinafter referred to as compound (III))
- n, R 2 and R 3 are as defined above;
- Each BP independently represents an optionally protected nucleobase;
- T represents a trityl group, a monomethoxytrityl group, or a dimethoxytrityl group;
- L represents hydrogen, acyl, or a group represented by the following general formula (IV) (hereinafter referred to as group (IV)).
- Examples of the “nucleobase” related to BP include the same “nucleobase” as Base. However, the amino group or hydroxyl group of the nucleobase according to BP may be protected.
- the amino-protecting group is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a protecting group for nucleic acids. Specifically, for example, benzoyl, 4-methoxybenzoyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, phenylacetyl Phenoxyacetyl, 4-tert-butylphenoxyacetyl, 4-isopropylphenoxyacetyl, (dimethylamino) methylene.
- hydroxyl-protecting group examples include 2-cyanoethyl, 4-nitrophenethyl, phenylsulfonylethyl, methylsulfonylethyl, trimethylsilylethyl, substituted with 1 to 5 electron-withdrawing groups at any substitutable position.
- the “solid phase carrier” is not particularly limited as long as it is a carrier that can be used for a solid phase reaction of nucleic acid.
- a reagent that can be used for the synthesis of a morpholino nucleic acid derivative for example, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, tetrazole, N-methylimidazole, pyridine, acetic anhydride, lutidine, trifluoroacetic acid
- chemically stable to reagents that can be used to synthesize morpholino nucleic acid derivatives (iii) chemical modification (Iv) can be loaded with the desired morpholino nucleic acid derivative, (v) has sufficient strength to withstand the high pressures applied during processing, and (vi) has a certain particle size range and distribution.
- swellable polystyrene for example, aminomethylpolystyrene resin 1% divinylbenzene crosslinked (200 to 400 mesh) (2.4 to 3.0 mmol / g) (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Aminomethylated Polystyrene Resin ⁇ HCl [divinylbenzene 1 %, 100-200 mesh] (Peptide Laboratories)), non-swellable polystyrene (eg, Primer Support (GE Healthcare)), PEG chain-linked polystyrene (eg, NH 2 -PEG resin (Watanabe Chemical) ), TentaGel resin), controlled pore glass (CPG) (for example, manufactured by CPG), oxalylated-constant glass (for example, Alul et al., Nucleic Acids Research, Vol.
- CPG controlled pore glass
- oxalylated-constant glass for example, Alul et
- linker known ones usually used for linking nucleic acids and morpholino nucleic acid derivatives can be used.
- 3-aminopropyl, succinyl, 2,2′-diethanolsulfonyl, long chain alkyl Amino (LCAA) can be mentioned.
- This step can be carried out by reacting compound (II) with an acid.
- Examples of the “acid” that can be used in this step include trifluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid.
- the amount of the acid used is, for example, suitably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalent to 1000 molar equivalents, preferably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 100 molar equivalents, relative to 1 mole of compound (II).
- an organic amine can be used together with the acid. Although it does not specifically limit as an organic amine, For example, a triethylamine can be mentioned.
- the amount of the organic amine to be used is, for example, suitably in the range of 0.01 molar equivalent to 10 molar equivalents, preferably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalents to 2 molar equivalents with respect to 1 mole of the acid.
- a salt or a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine can be mentioned, and more specifically, with respect to 2 equivalents of trifluoroacetic acid. Examples thereof include a mixture of 1 equivalent of triethylamine.
- the acid that can be used in this step can be used by diluting with an appropriate solvent so as to have a concentration within the range of 0.1% to 30%.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, trifluoroethanol, etc.), water, and mixtures thereof.
- the reaction temperature in the above reaction is, for example, preferably within the range of 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., more preferably within the range of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C., and even more preferably within the range of 25 ° C. to 35 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the type of acid used and the reaction temperature, but it is usually within the range of 0.1 minute to 24 hours. Preferably, it is within the range of 1 minute to 5 hours.
- a base can be added.
- the “base” is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include diisopropylethylamine.
- the base can be used by diluting with a suitable solvent so that the concentration is within the range of 0.1% (v / v) to 30% (v / v).
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it is not involved in the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, trifluoroethanol, etc.), water, or a mixture thereof.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, preferably within the range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably within the range of 20 ° C to 40 ° C, and even more preferably within the range of 25 ° C to 35 ° C. While the reaction time varies depending on the type of base used and the reaction temperature, it is usually within the range of 0.1 minute to 24 hours, and preferably within the range of 1 minute to 5 hours.
- Process 1 The process of manufacturing the compound (henceforth a compound (VI)) represented by the following general formula (VI) by making an acylating agent act on the compound represented by the following general formula (V).
- a compound (VI) represented by the following general formula (VI)
- V general formula (V)
- This step can be carried out by introducing a known linker using compound (V) as a starting material.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (VIa) can be produced by carrying out a method known as an esterification reaction using compound (V) and succinic anhydride. [Wherein, B P and T are as defined above. ]
- Process 2 A step of producing a compound (IIa) by reacting with a solid phase carrier by allowing a condensing agent or the like to act on the compound (VI). [Wherein, B P , R 4 , T, linker, and solid phase carrier have the same meanings as described above. ] This step can be produced by a method known as a condensation reaction using compound (VI) and a solid support.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (IIb) is obtained by, for example, the method described in International Publication No. 1991/009033. Can be manufactured. [Wherein, B P and T are as defined above. ]
- n 2 to 99 and L is hydrogen
- the compound represented by the following general formula (IIb2) is obtained by using the compound (IIb) as a starting material, as described in the present specification. It can be produced by repeatedly performing the process A and the process B relating to the production method of PMO a desired number of times. [Wherein, B P , n ′, R 2 , R 3 , T are as defined above]. ]
- the compound represented by the following general formula (IIc) is a method known as an acylation reaction for the compound (IIb) It can manufacture by implementing. [Wherein B P and T are as defined above; R 5 represents acyl. ]
- the compound represented by the following general formula (IIc2) is obtained by using the compound (IIc) as a starting material, as described in the present specification. It can be produced by repeatedly performing the process A and the process B relating to the production method of PMO a desired number of times. [Wherein, B P , n ′, R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , T are as defined above]. ]
- Process B A step of producing a compound represented by the following general formula (VII) (hereinafter referred to as compound (VII)) by allowing a morpholino monomer compound to act on compound (III) in the presence of a base.
- VII general formula
- each of B P , L, n, R 2 , R 3 , and T has the same meaning as described above.
- This step can be carried out by reacting compound (III) with a morpholino monomer compound in the presence of a base.
- Examples of the morpholino monomer compound include a compound represented by the following general formula (VIII). [Wherein, B P , R 2 , R 3 and T are as defined above. ]
- Examples of the “base” that can be used in this step include diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, and N-ethylmorpholine. The amount of the base used is, for example, suitably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 1000 molar equivalents, and preferably in the range of 10 molar equivalents to 100 molar equivalents, relative to 1 mole of compound (III).
- the morpholino monomer compound and base that can be used in this step can be used after diluting with a suitable solvent so as to have a concentration of 0.1% to 30%.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include N, N-dimethylimidazolidone, N-methylpiperidone, DMF, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, terahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof.
- the reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of 10 ° C. to 50 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the type of base used and the reaction temperature, it is usually within the range of 1 minute to 48 hours, and preferably within the range of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- an acylating agent can be added as necessary.
- the “acylating agent” include acetic anhydride, acetic chloride, and phenoxyacetic anhydride.
- the acylating agent can be used by diluting with an appropriate solvent so as to have a concentration within the range of 0.1% to 30%, for example.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, trifluoroethanol, etc.), water, and mixtures thereof.
- a base such as pyridine, lutidine, collidine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-ethylmorpholine can be used together with an acylating agent.
- the amount of the acylating agent used is preferably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalent to 10,000 molar equivalents, and more preferably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 1000 molar equivalents.
- the amount of the base used is, for example, suitably in the range of 0.1 molar equivalent to 100 molar equivalents, and preferably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 10 molar equivalents per mole of acylating agent.
- the reaction temperature of this reaction is preferably within the range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably within the range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably within the range of 20 ° C to 40 ° C, and even more preferably. Is in the range of 25 ° C to 35 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on, for example, the type of acylating agent used and the reaction temperature, but is usually within the range of 0.1 minute to 24 hours, preferably within the range of 1 minute to 5 hours.
- Process C A step of producing a compound represented by the general formula (IX) by removing a protecting group in the compound (VII) produced in the step B using a deprotecting agent.
- Base, B P , L, n, R 2 , R 3 and T are as defined above.
- This step can be performed by allowing a deprotecting agent to act on compound (VII).
- Examples of the “deprotecting agent” include concentrated aqueous ammonia and methylamine.
- the “deprotecting agent” that can be used in this step is, for example, diluted with water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, DMF, N, N-dimethylimidazolidone, N-methylpiperidone, or a mixed solvent thereof. It can also be used. Of these, ethanol is preferred.
- the amount of the deprotecting agent to be used is, for example, suitably in the range of 1 molar equivalent to 100,000 molar equivalents, preferably in the range of 10 molar equivalents to 1000 molar equivalents, relative to 1 mole of compound (VII). It is.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, suitably in the range of 15 ° C. to 75 ° C., preferably in the range of 40 ° C. to 70 ° C., more preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the deprotection reaction time varies depending on the type of compound (VII), the reaction temperature, etc., but is suitably in the range of 10 minutes to 30 hours, preferably in the range of 30 minutes to 24 hours, more preferably 5 Within the range of hours to 20 hours.
- Process D A step of producing PMO (I) by allowing an acid to act on compound (IX) produced in Step C. [Wherein, Base, n, R 2 , R 3 , T are as defined above. ]
- This step can be carried out by adding an acid to compound (IX).
- Examples of the “acid” that can be used in this step include trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
- the amount of acid used is, for example, suitably so that the pH of the solution is in the range of 0.1 to 4.0, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 3.0.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not participate in the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, water, and mixed solvents thereof.
- the reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., more preferably in the range of 20 ° C. to 40 ° C., and still more preferably in the range of 25 ° C. to 35 ° C.
- the deprotection reaction time varies depending on the type of compound (IX), reaction temperature, etc., but is suitably in the range of 0.1 minute to 5 hours, preferably in the range of 1 minute to 1 hour, more preferably 1 Within minutes to 30 minutes.
- PMO (I) is a conventional separation and purification means from the reaction mixture obtained in this step, for example, extraction, concentration, neutralization, filtration, centrifugation, recrystallization, C 8 to C 18 reverse phase column chromatography, It can be obtained by using means such as cation exchange column chromatography, anion exchange column chromatography, gel filtration column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, dialysis, and ultrafiltration, alone or in combination, and the desired PMO (I ) Can be isolated and purified (see, for example, International Publication No. WO1991 / 09033).
- a mixed solution of 20 mM triethylamine / acetic acid buffer and acetonitrile can be used as an elution solvent.
- a mixed solution of 1M saline and 10 mM aqueous sodium hydroxide can be used.
- the peptide nucleic acid oligomer is an oligomer of the present invention having a group represented by the following general formula as a structural unit.
- Peptide nucleic acids can be produced, for example, according to the following literature. 1) P. E. Nielsen, M. Egholm, R. H. Berg, O. Buchardt, Science, 254, 1497 (1991) 2) M. Egholm, O. Buchardt, P. E. Nielsen, R. H. Berg, Jacs., 114, 1895 (1992) 3) K. L. Dueholm, M. Egholm, C. Behrens, L. Christensen, H. F. Hansen, T. Vulpius, K.
- the 5 ′ end may be any group represented by the following chemical formulas (1) to (3).
- the groups represented by the above (1), (2) and (3) are referred to as “group (1)”, “group (2)” and “group (3)”, respectively.
- compositions allow skipping of exon 45 of the dystrophin gene. Therefore, by administering a pharmaceutical composition containing the oligomer of the present invention to a DMD patient having a mutation targeted for exon 45 skip in the dystrophin gene (mutation that becomes in-frame by exon 45 skipping), the symptoms of muscular dystrophy are alleviated. Is expected to be able to.
- the oligomer of the present invention having a short chain length is advantageous in that the production process is simple and the production cost can be reduced. Therefore, as another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition for treating muscular dystrophy (hereinafter referred to as “the composition of the present invention”) comprising the oligomer of the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof as an active ingredient. provide.
- Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the oligomer of the present invention contained in the composition of the present invention include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt and lithium salt, alkaline earth such as calcium salt and magnesium salt.
- Metal salts Metal salts such as aluminum salts, iron salts, zinc salts, copper salts, nickel salts, cobalt salts; ammonium salts; t-octylamine salts, dibenzylamine salts, morpholine salts, glucosamine salts, phenylglycine alkyl esters Salt, ethylenediamine salt, N-methylglucamine salt, guanidine salt, diethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N, N '-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, chloroprocaine salt, procaine salt, diethanolamine salt, N-benzyl-phenethylamine Salt, piperazine salt, tetramethylammonium Organic
- the dosage form of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form, and can be selected depending on the treatment method. From the viewpoint of ease of delivery to muscle tissue, intravenous administration is possible. Internal administration, intraarterial administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, oral administration, intratissue administration, transdermal administration and the like are preferred.
- the dosage form that the composition of the present invention can take is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include various injections, oral preparations, instillations, inhalants, ointments, lotions and the like.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a carrier that facilitates delivery of the oligomer to muscle tissue.
- a carrier is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable, and examples thereof include cationic carriers such as cationic liposomes and cationic polymers, and carriers utilizing a virus envelope.
- cationic liposome for example, a liposome formed with 2-O- (2-diethylaminoethyl) carbamoyl-1,3-O-dioleoylglycerol and phospholipid as essential components (hereinafter referred to as “liposome A”).
- Oligofectamine (registered trademark) (manufactured by Invitrogen), Lipofectin (registered trademark) (manufactured by Invitrogen), Lipofectamine (registered trademark) (manufactured by Invitrogen), Lipofectamine 2000 (registered trademark) (manufactured by Invitrogen) ), DMRIE-C (registered trademark) (manufactured by Invitrogen), GeneSilencer (registered trademark) (manufactured by Gene Therapy Systems), TransMessenger (registered trademark) (manufactured by QIAGEN), TransIT TKO (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mirus) , Nucleofector II (Lonza).
- liposome A is preferred.
- the cationic polymer include JetSI (registered trademark) (manufactured by Qbiogene) and Jet-PEI (registered trademark) (polyethyleneimine, manufactured by Qbiogene).
- the carrier using the virus envelope include GenomeOne (registered trademark) (HVJ-E liposome, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- a pharmaceutical device described in Japanese Patent No. 2924179, and a cationic carrier described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006/129594 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008/096690 can be used.
- the concentration of the oligomer of the present invention contained in the composition of the present invention varies depending on the kind of the carrier, etc., but is suitably in the range of 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M, preferably in the range of 1 nM to 10 ⁇ M, and 10 nM A range of ⁇ 1 ⁇ M is more preferable.
- the weight ratio of the oligomer of the present invention to the carrier contained in the composition of the present invention (carrier / oligomer of the present invention) varies depending on the properties of the oligomer and the type of the carrier, but is within the range of 0.1-100. Is preferably in the range of 1 to 50, more preferably in the range of 10 to 20.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable additive can be optionally added to the composition of the present invention.
- additives include emulsification aids (for example, fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, albumin, dextran), stabilizers (for example, cholesterol, phosphatidic acid), and isotonicity.
- Agents for example, sodium chloride, glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose
- pH adjusters for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine.
- the content of the additive in the composition of the present invention is suitably 90% by weight or less, preferably 70% by weight or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or less.
- the composition of the present invention can be prepared by adding the oligomer of the present invention to a carrier dispersion and stirring appropriately.
- the additive can be added in an appropriate step before or after the addition of the oligomer of the present invention.
- the aqueous solvent that can be used when the oligomer of the present invention is added is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable. Examples thereof include electrolytes such as water for injection, distilled water for injection, and physiological saline, and glucose. Examples thereof include sugar liquids such as liquid and maltose liquid. In addition, conditions such as pH and temperature in such a case can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the composition of the present invention can be, for example, a solution or a lyophilized preparation thereof.
- the lyophilized preparation can be prepared by lyophilizing the composition of the present invention having a liquid form according to a conventional method. For example, after appropriate sterilization of the composition of the present invention in the form of a liquid agent, a predetermined amount is dispensed into a vial and pre-freezing for about 2 hours at about ⁇ 40 to ⁇ 20 ° C. And primary drying under reduced pressure at about 0-10 ° C., followed by secondary drying under reduced pressure at about 15-25 ° C. and lyophilization. In general, the inside of the vial is replaced with nitrogen gas and stoppered to obtain a lyophilized preparation of the composition of the present invention.
- the freeze-dried preparation of the composition of the present invention can be used by re-dissolving generally by adding any appropriate solution (re-dissolving solution).
- re-dissolving solution examples include water for injection, physiological saline, and other general infusion solutions.
- the amount of the redissolved solution varies depending on the use and the like and is not particularly limited. However, an amount of 0.5 to 2 times the amount of the solution before lyophilization or 500 mL or less is appropriate.
- the dose for administration of the composition of the present invention is determined in consideration of the type of oligomer of the present invention, dosage form, patient condition such as age and weight, administration route, nature and degree of disease.
- the amount of the oligomer of the present invention for an adult is generally within the range of 0.1 mg to 10 g / human, preferably within the range of 1 mg to 1 kg / human. This value may vary depending on the type of target disease, dosage form, and target molecule. Therefore, in some cases, a lower dose may be sufficient, and conversely, a higher dose may be required.
- it can be administered once to several times a day or at intervals of 1 day to several days.
- composition of the present invention there can be mentioned a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a vector capable of expressing the oligonucleotide of the present invention and the above-mentioned carrier.
- Such an expression vector may be capable of expressing a plurality of the oligonucleotides of the present invention.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable additive can be added to the composition.
- concentration of the expression vector contained in the composition varies depending on the type of carrier and the like, but is suitably in the range of 0.1 to nM to 100 to ⁇ M, preferably in the range of 1 to nM to 10 to ⁇ M, and 10 to nM to 1 to ⁇ M.
- the range of is more preferable.
- the weight ratio (carrier / expression vector) between the expression vector and the carrier contained in the composition varies depending on the nature of the expression vector, the type of the carrier, etc., but is suitably in the range of 0.1 to 100, and 1 to 50 Is preferable, and the range of 10 to 20 is more preferable.
- the content of the carrier contained in the composition is the same as that of the composition of the present invention containing the oligomer of the present invention, and the preparation method thereof is the same as that of the composition of the present invention. It is.
- Step 1 4- ⁇ [(2S, 6R) -6- (4-Benzamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1 (2H) -yl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] methoxy ⁇ -4-oxobutanoic acid Production N- ⁇ 1-[(2R, 6S) -6- (hydroxymethyl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] -2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl ⁇ benzamide under argon atmosphere 3.44 g and 1.1 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4-DMAP) were suspended in 50 mL of dichloromethane, 0.90 g of succinic anhydride was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.
- 4-DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- Step 2 4- ⁇ [(2S, 6R) -6- (4-Benzamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] methoxy ⁇ -4 supported on aminopolystyrene resin
- oxobutanoic acid 4- ⁇ [(2S, 6R) -6- (4-benzamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1 (2H) -yl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] methoxy ⁇ -4-oxobutane 4.0 g of acid was dissolved in 200 mL of pyridine (dehydrated), and 0.73 g of 4-DMAP and 11.5 g of 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride were added.
- the loading amount of the target product was determined by measuring the UV absorbance at 409 nm of the molar amount of trityl per gram of resin using a known method.
- the loading amount of the resin was 129.2 ⁇ mol / g.
- UV measurement conditions Equipment: U-2910 (Hitachi) Solvent: Methanesulfonic acid Wavelength: 409 nm ⁇ value: 45000
- 1-[(2R, 6S) -6- (hydroxymethyl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] -5-methylpyrimidine-2,4 (1H , 3H) -dione was used.
- the loading amount of the target product was determined by measuring the UV absorbance at 409 nm of the molar amount of trityl per gram of resin using a known method.
- the loading amount of the resin was 164.0 ⁇ mol / g.
- N- ⁇ 9-[(2R, 6S) -6- (hydroxymethyl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] purin-6-yl ⁇ benzamide is used in this step. It was used.
- the loading amount of the target product was determined by measuring the UV absorbance at 409 nm of the molar amount of trityl per gram of resin using a known method. The loading amount of the resin was 185.7 ⁇ mol / g.
- N- ⁇ 6- (2-cyanoethoxy) -9-[(2R, 6S) -6- (hydroxymethyl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl is used in this step.
- Purin-2-yl ⁇ -2-phenoxyacetamide was used.
- the loading amount of the target product was determined by measuring the UV absorbance at 409 nm of the molar amount of trityl per gram of resin using a known method. The resin loading was 164.8 ⁇ mol / g.
- PMO having the base sequences of PMO Nos. 1 to 81 in Table 1 (R 2 and R 3 are methyl and the 5 ′ end is a group (3)) was synthesized.
- the synthesized PMO was dissolved in water for injection (manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory).
- Example 1 4- ⁇ [(2S, 6R) -6- (4-Benzamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1 (2H) -yl) -4-tritylmorpholine- supported on an aminopolystyrene resin corresponding to the 5 'terminal base 2-yl] methoxy ⁇ -4-oxobutanoic acid (Reference Example 1) or 4- ⁇ [(2S, 6R) -6- (5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidine supported on aminopolystyrene resin] -1-yl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] methoxy ⁇ -4-oxobutanoic acid (Reference Example 2) or 4- ⁇ [(2S, 6R) -6- ( 6-benzamidopurin-9-yl) -4-tritylmorpholin-2-yl] methoxy ⁇ -4-oxobutanoic acid (Reference Example 3) or 4- ⁇ (2S, 6R) supported on amino
- a dichloromethane solution containing 3% (w / v) trifluoroacetic acid was used as the deblocking solution.
- a neutralization / washing solution 35% (v / v) of N, N-diisopropylethylamine is 10% (v / v) and tetrahydrofuran is 5% (v / v).
- Those dissolved in a dichloromethane solution containing acetonitrile were used.
- the coupling solution A a morpholino monomer compound dissolved in tetrahydrofuran so as to have a concentration of 0.10 M was used.
- N, N-diisopropylethylamine dissolved in acetonitrile so as to be 20% (v / v) and tetrahydrofuran so as to be 10% (v / v) was used.
- a capping solution 20% (v / v) acetic anhydride and 30% (v / v) 2,6-lutidine dissolved in acetonitrile were used.
- the aminopolystyrene resin carrying PMO synthesized above was recovered from the reaction vessel and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature for 2 hours or more.
- PMO supported on the dried aminopolystyrene resin was placed in a reaction vessel, 5 mL of 28% aqueous ammonia-ethanol (1/4) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 55 ° C. for 15 hours.
- the aminopolystyrene resin was filtered off and washed with 1 mL of water-ethanol (1/4). The obtained filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the obtained residue was dissolved in 10 mL of a mixed solvent (4/1) of 20 mM acetic acid-triethylamine buffer (TEAA buffer) and acetonitrile and filtered through a membrane filter.
- TEAA buffer 20 mM acetic acid-triethylamine buffer
- the resulting filtrate was purified by reverse phase HPLC. The conditions used are as shown in Table 3 below.
- Buffer RLT Qiagen
- 2-mercaptoethanol Nacalai Tesque
- One-Step RT-PCR was performed on 400 ng of the extracted total RNA using QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR Kit (manufactured by Qiagen). A reaction solution was prepared according to the protocol attached to the kit. As the thermal cycler, PTC-100 (manufactured by MJ Research) or TaKaRa PCR Thermal Cycler Dice Touch (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) was used. The RT-PCR program used is as follows.
- forward primer 5'-GCTCAGGTCGGATTGACATT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)
- Reverse primer 5'-GGGCAACTCTTCCACCAGTA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2)
- Test Example 2 In vitro assay The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1. However, with respect to 3.5 ⁇ 10 5 RD cells (human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line), the oligomer of the present invention alone (PMO NO.11 or PMO NO.9), each of two individual units constituting each Oligomers, or mixtures thereof, were introduced by Nucleofector II (Lonza) using Amaxa Cell Line Nucleofector Kit L at a concentration of 3 ⁇ M each. The program used was T-030. Combinations of the introduced sequences are as follows.
- the oligomer of the present invention comprises the individual antisense oligomers (PMO NO.27 (SEQ ID NO: 36), PMO NO.28 (SEQ ID NO: 37), PMO NO.25 (SEQ ID NO: 34), PMO NO.26 (SEQ ID NO: 35), PMO NO.82 (SEQ ID NO: 144), or PMO NO.83 (SEQ ID NO: 145)) or mixtures thereof (PMO NO.27 and PMO NO.28, PMO NO.25, and PMO NO.26, or PMO NO.82 and PMO NO.83) was found to skip exon 45 with higher efficiency.
- PMO NO.27 and PMO NO.28, PMO NO.25, and PMO NO.26, or PMO NO.82 and PMO NO.83 was found to skip exon 45 with higher efficiency.
- EMEM Eagle's minimal essential medium
- FCS fetal calf serum
- One-Step RT-PCR was performed on 400 ng of the extracted total RNA using QIAGEN OneStep RT-PCR Kit (manufactured by Qiagen). A reaction solution was prepared according to the protocol attached to the kit. As the thermal cycler, PTC-100 (manufactured by MJ Research) or TaKaRa PCR Thermal Cycler Dice Touch (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) was used. The RT-PCR program used is as follows.
- forward primer 5'-GCTCAGGTCGGATTGACATT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)
- Reverse primer 5'-GGGCAACTCTTCCACCAGTA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2)
- the oligomer of the present invention in which short oligomers are linked causes exon 45 skipping in RD cells. Therefore, the oligomer of the present invention is very useful in the treatment of DMD.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
以下の(a)~(e)よりなる群より選ばれる2つのユニットオリゴマーが連結した、14~32塩基長のアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、2つのユニットオリゴマーは連続又は互いに重複するものではない、アンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物:
(a)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第-5~15番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(b)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第48~70番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(c)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第128~150番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(d)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第15~40番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;及び
(e)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第110~125番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー。
[2]
前記2つのユニットオリゴマーのうちの一つが(a)である、前記[1]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[3]
配列番号7~12、14~33、40~52、57、64、65、79~86よりなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つの塩基配列からなる、前記[1]又は[2]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[4]
配列番号8、10、25、30、33、79、80よりなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つの塩基配列からなる、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[5]
オリゴヌクレオチドである、前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[6]
前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分及び/又はリン酸結合部分が修飾されている、前記[5]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[7] 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分が、2’位の-OH基が、OR、R、R’OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NR2、N3、CN、F、Cl、Br及びIからなる群より選択されるいずれかの基で置換されたリボースである、前記[5]又は[6]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
(上記Rは、アルキル又はアリールを示し、上記R’は、アルキレンを示す。)
[8] 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドのリン酸結合部分が、ホスホロチオエート結合、ホスホロジチオエート結合、アルキルホスホネート結合、ホスホロアミデート結合、及びボラノフォスフェート結合からなる群より選択されるいずれか1つのものである、前記[6]又は[7]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[9] モルホリノオリゴマーである、前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[10] ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマーである、前記[9]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[11] ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマーである、前記[4]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[12] 5’末端が、下記化学式(1)~(3)のいずれかの基である、前記[9]~[11]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[14] さらに医薬的に許容可能な担体を含む、前記[13]に記載の医薬組成物。
[15]
前記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬上許容される塩若しくは水和物、又は前記[13]若しくは[14]に記載の前記医薬組成物を筋ジストロフィー患者に投与する工程を含む、筋ジストロフィーの治療方法。
[16] 前記筋ジストロフィー患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン45スキップの対象となる変異を有する患者である、前記[15]に記載の治療方法。
[17]
前記患者がヒトである、前記[15]又は[16]に記載の治療方法。
[18]
筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物の製造における前記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬上許容される塩若しくは水和物の使用。
[19]
筋ジストロフィー治療に使用するための前記[1]~[12]のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[20]
前記治療において、筋ジストロフィー患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン45スキップの対象となる変異を有する患者である、前記[19]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
[21]
前記患者がヒトである、前記[19]又は[20]に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
なお、本明細書において引用した全ての文献、および公開公報、特許公報その他の特許文献は、参照として本明細書に組み込むものとする。また、本明細書は、2015年9 月15日に出願された本願優先権主張の基礎となる日本国特許出願(特願2015-182145号)の明細書及び図面に記載の内容を包含する。
本発明は、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンをスキッピングしうるアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物(以下、「本発明のオリゴマー」という)を提供する。
本発明において、「遺伝子」には、ゲノム遺伝子以外に、cDNA、mRNA前駆体及びmRNAも含まれる。好ましくは、遺伝子は、mRNA前駆体、即ち、pre-mRNAである。
ヒトゲノムにおいて、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子は遺伝子座Xp21.2に存在する。ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子は、3.0 Mbpのサイズを有しており、既知のヒト遺伝子としては最大の遺伝子である。但し、ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のコード領域はわずか14kbに過ぎず、該コード領域は79個のエクソンとしてジストロフィン遺伝子内に分散している(Roberts, RG., et al., Genomics, 16: 536-538 (1993))。ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の転写物であるpre-mRNAは、スプライシングを受けて14kbの成熟mRNAを生成する。ヒトの野生型ジストロフィン遺伝子の塩基配列は公知である(GenBank Accession No. NM_004006)。
ヒトの野生型ジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン45の塩基配列を配列番号13に示す。また、ヒトの野生型ジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン45のヌクレオチド配列(配列番号13)のうち、5’末端から数えて-5~15番目の塩基からなる配列を配列番号3に示す。同様に、48~70番目の塩基からなる配列、128~150番目の塩基からなる配列、15~40番目の塩基からなる配列及び110~125番目の塩基からなる配列を、それぞれ配列番号4~6、143に示す。
変異型のヒトジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン45又はその一部は、具体的には、以下の(I)又は(II)に記載のポリヌクレオチドである。
(I)配列番号13、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6及び配列番号143からなる群より選択されるいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド;
(II)配列番号13、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6及び配列番号143からなる群より選択されるいずれかの塩基配列に対して、90%以上の同一性を有する塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチド
本明細書中、「ストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド」とは、例えば、配列番号13、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6及び配列番号143からなる群より選択されるいずれかの塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドの全部又は一部をプローブとして、コロニーハイブリダイゼーション法、プラークハイブリダイゼーション法又はサザンハイブリダイゼーション法などを用いることにより得られるポリヌクレオチドをいう。ハイブリダイゼーションの方法としては、例えば、"Sambrook & Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Vol. 3, Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press 2001"及び"Ausubel, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons 1987-1997"などに記載されている方法を利用することができる。
なお、塩基配列の同一性は、カーリン及びアルチュールによるアルゴリズムBLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 872264-2268, 1990; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5873, 1993)を用いて決定できる。BLASTのアルゴリズムに基づいたBLASTNやBLASTXと呼ばれるプログラムが開発されている(Altschul SF, et al: J Mol Biol 215: 403, 1990)。BLASTNを用いて塩基配列を解析する場合は、パラメーターは、例えばscore = 100、wordlength = 12とする。BLASTとGapped BLASTプログラムを用いる場合は、各プログラムのデフォルトパラメーターを用いる。
(a)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第-5~15番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(b)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第48~70番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(c)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第128~150番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(d)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第15~40番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;及び
(e)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第110~125番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー。
R1は、H、アルキルを表し;
R2及びR3は、同一又は異なって、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、又は、アリールを表し;
Y1は、0、S、CH2又はNR1を表し;
Y2は、0、S又はNR1を表し;
Zは、0又はSを表す。)
スキッピング効率(%)= A /( A + B )x 100
スキッピング効率の計算については、国際公開公報第2012/029986号を参照することができる。
糖のその他の部分の修飾としては、例えば、リボース又はデオキシリボースの4’位のOをSに置換したもの、糖の 2' 位と 4' 位を架橋したもの、例えば、LNA(Locked Nucleic Acid)又はENA(2'-O,4'-C-Ethylene-bridged Nucleic Acids)などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
ハロゲンとしては、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素を挙げることができる。
アルコキシとしては、直鎖状又は分枝鎖状の炭素数1~6のアルコキシ、例えば、メトキシ、エトキシ、n-プロポキシ、イソプロポキシ、n-ブトキシ、イソブトキシ、sec-ブトキシ、tert-ブトキシ、n-ペンチルオキシ、イソペンチルオキシ、n-ヘキシルオキシ、イソヘキシルオキシ等を挙げることができる。とりわけ、炭素数1~3のアルコキシが好ましい。
アルキレンとしては、直鎖状又は分枝鎖状の炭素数1~6のアルキレンが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、メチレン、エチレン、トリメチレン、テトラメチレン、ペンタメチレン、ヘキサメチレン、2-(エチル)トリメチレン、1-(メチル)テトラメチレンを挙げることができる。
(式中、Baseは、核酸塩基を表す。)
(式中、Baseは、前記と同義であり;
Wは、以下のいずれかの式で表わされる基を表す。
(式中、Xは、-CH2R1、-O-CH2R1、-S-CH2R1、-NR2R3又はFを表し;
R1は、H、アルキルを表し;
R2及びR3は、同一又は異なって、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、又は、アリールを表し;
Y1は、0、S、CH2又はNR1を表し;
Y2は、0、S又はNR1を表し;
Zは、0又はSを表す。))
(式中、Base、R2、R3は、前記と同義である。)
PMOの1つの態様として、例えば、次の一般式(I)で表される化合物(以下、PMO(I)という。)を挙げることができる。
[式中、各Base、R2、R3は、前記と同義であり;
nは、1~99の範囲内にある任意の整数であり、好ましくは、13~31の範囲内にある任意の整数である。]
下記工程に使用されている化合物及び試薬は、PMOの製造に一般的に使用されているものであれば特に限定されない。
次の一般式(II)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(II)という。)に酸を作用させることによって、次の一般式(III)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(III)という。)を製造する工程。
[式中、n、R2、R3は、前記と同義であり;
各BPは,独立して、保護されていてもよい核酸塩基を表し;
Tは、トリチル基、モノメトキシトリチル基、又はジメトキシトリチル基を表し;
Lは、水素、アシル、又は次の一般式(IV)で表される基(以下、基(IV)という。)を表す。]
BPに係る「核酸塩基」としては、Baseと同じ「核酸塩基」を挙げることができる。但し、BPに係る核酸塩基のアミノ基又は水酸基は保護されていてもよい。
かかるアミノ基の保護基としては、核酸の保護基として使用されるものであれば特に制限されず、具体的には、例えば、ベンゾイル、4-メトキシベンゾイル、アセチル、プロピオニル、ブチリル、イソブチリル、フェニルアセチル、フェノキシアセチル、4-tert-ブチルフェノキシアセチル、4-イソプロピルフェノキシアセチル、(ジメチルアミノ)メチレンを挙げることができる。水酸基の保護基としては、例えば、2-シアノエチル、4-ニトロフェネチル、フェニルスルホニルエチル、メチルスルホニルエチル、トリメチルシリルエチル、置換可能な任意の位置で1~5個の電子吸引性基で置換されていてもよいフェニル、ジフェニルカルバモイル、ジメチルカルバモイル、ジエチルカルバモイル、メチルフェニルカルバモイル、1-ピロリジニルカルバモイル、モルホリノカルバモイル、4-(tert-ブチルカルボキシ)ベンジル、4-[(ジメチルアミノ)カルボキシ]ベンジル、4-(フェニルカルボキシ)ベンジルを挙げることができる(例えば、国際公開公報第2009/064471号公報参照)。
また、前記酸と一緒に、有機アミンを使用することができる。有機アミンとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、トリエチルアミンを挙げることができる。有機アミンの使用量は、例えば、酸1モルに対して、0.01モル当量~10モル当量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、0.1モル当量~2モル当量の範囲内である。
本工程に使用しうる酸は、0.1%~30%の範囲内の濃度になるように適当な溶媒で希釈して使用することもできる。溶媒としては、反応に関与しなければ特に限定されないが、例えば、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、アルコール類(エタノール、イソプロパノール、トリフルオロエタノールなど)、水又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。
反応時間は、使用する酸の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常0.1分~24時間の範囲内が適当である。好ましくは、1分~5時間の範囲内である。
本工程に用いる溶媒としては、反応に関与しなければ特に限定されないが、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、アルコール類(エタノール、イソプロパノール、トリフルオロエタノールなど)、水又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。反応温度は、例えば、10℃~50℃の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは、20℃~40℃の範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは、25℃~35℃の範囲内である。
反応時間は、使用する塩基の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常0.1分~24時間の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、1分~5時間の範囲内である。
[式中、BP、T、リンカー、固相担体は、前記と同義である。]
次の一般式(V)で表される化合物にアシル化剤を作用させることによって、次の一般式(VI)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(VI)という。)を製造する工程。
[式中、BP、T、リンカーは、前記と同義であり;
R4は、水酸基、ハロゲン、又は、アミノを表す。]
特に、次の一般式(VIa)で表される化合物は、化合物(V)と無水コハク酸とを用いてエステル化反応として知られた方法を実施することにより製造することができる。
[式中、BP、Tは、前記と同義である。]
化合物(VI)に縮合剤等を作用させることによって、固相担体と反応させ、化合物(IIa)を製造する工程。
[式中、BP、R4、T、リンカー、固相担体は、前記と同義である。]
本工程は、化合物(VI)と固相担体とを用いて縮合反応として知られた方法により製造することができる。
[式中、BP、R2、R3、T、リンカー、固相担体は、前記と同義であり;
n’は、1~98を表す。]
[式中、BP、Tは、前記と同義である。]
[式中、BP、n’、R2、R3、Tは、前記と同義である。]
[式中、BP、Tは、前記と同義であり;
R5は、アシルを表す。]
[式中、BP、n’、R2、R3、R5、Tは、前記と同義である。]
化合物(III)に塩基存在下にモルホリノモノマー化合物を作用させることによって、次の一般式(VII)で表される化合物(以下、化合物(VII)という。)を製造する工程。
[式中、各BP、L、n、R2、R3、Tは、前記と同義である。]
[式中、BP、R2、R3、Tは前記と同義である。]
本工程に使用しうる「塩基」としては、例えば、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、又は、N-エチルモルホリンを挙げることができる。塩基の使用量としては、例えば、化合物(III)1モルに対して、1モル当量~1000モル当量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは10モル当量~100モル当量の範囲内である。
反応時間は、使用する塩基の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常1分~48時間の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、30分~24時間の範囲内である。
また、必要であれば、アシル化剤と一緒に、例えば、ピリジン、ルチジン、コリジン、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、N-エチルモルホリン等の塩基を使用することができる。アシル化剤の使用量としては、0.1モル当量~10000モル当量の範囲内が好ましく、1モル当量~1000モル当量の範囲内がより好ましい。塩基の使用量としては、例えば、アシル化剤1モルに対して、0.1モル当量~100モル当量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは1モル当量~10モル当量の範囲内である。
本反応の反応温度は、10℃~50℃の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは、10℃~50℃の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは、20℃~40℃の範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは、25℃~35℃の範囲内である。反応時間は、例えば、使用するアシル化剤の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常0.1分~24時間の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは、1分から5時間の範囲内である。
工程Bにおいて製造される化合物(VII)において、脱保護剤を用いて保護基を脱離し、一般式(IX)で表される化合物を製造する工程。
[式中、Base、BP、L、n、R2、R3、Tは、前記と同義である。]
逆相クロマトグラフィーを用いてPMO(I)を精製する場合には、溶出溶媒として、例えば20mMのトリエチルアミン/酢酸緩衝液とアセトニトリルの混合溶液を使用することができる。
また、イオン交換クロマトグラフィーを用いてPMO(I)を精製する場合には、例えば、1Mの食塩水と10mMの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の混合溶液を使用することができる。
(式中、Baseは、前記と同義である。)
ペプチド核酸は、例えば、以下の文献に従って製造することができる。
1)P. E. Nielsen, M. Egholm, R. H. Berg, O. Buchardt,Science, 254, 1497 (1991)
2)M. Egholm, O. Buchardt, P. E. Nielsen, R. H. Berg,Jacs., 114, 1895 (1992)
3)K. L. Dueholm, M. Egholm, C. Behrens, L. Christensen, H. F. Hansen, T. Vulpius, K. H. Petersen, R. H. Berg, P. E. Nielsen, O. Buchardt,J. Org. Chem., 59, 5767 (1994)
4)L. Christensen, R. Fitzpatrick, B. Gildea, K. H. Petersen, H. F. Hansen, T. Koch, M. Egholm,O. Buchardt, P. E. Nielsen, J. Coull, R. H. Berg, J. Pept. Sci., 1, 175 (1995)
5)T. Koch, H. F. Hansen, P. Andersen, T. Larsen, H. G. Batz, K. Otteson, H. Orum, J. Pept. Res., 49, 80 (1997)
以下、上記(1)、(2)及び(3)で示される基を、それぞれ「基(1)」、「基(2)」及び「基(3)」と呼ぶ。
本発明のオリゴマーは、ジストロフィン遺伝子のエクソン45のスキッピングを可能にする。従って、本発明のオリゴマーを含む医薬組成物をジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン45スキップの対象となる変異(エクソン45スキッピングでin-frame化する変異)を有するDMD患者に投与することにより、筋ジストロフィーの症状を緩和することができると予測される。また、短い鎖長からなる本発明のオリゴマーは製造工程が簡便であり、さらに製造コストが抑えられるというメリットがある。
そこで、別の実施態様として、本発明のオリゴマー、その医薬的に許容可能な塩又は水和物を有効成分とする、筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物(以下、「本発明の組成物」という)を提供する。
アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{[(2S,6R)-6-(4-ベンズアミド-2-オキソピリミジン-1-イル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸
アルゴン雰囲気下、N-{1-[(2R,6S)-6-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]-2-オキソ-1,2-ジヒドロピリミジン-4-イル}ベンズアミド3.44gと4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(4-DMAP)1.1gをジクロロメタン50mLに懸濁し、無水コハク酸0.90gを加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。反応液にメタノール10mLを加え、減圧濃縮した。残渣に酢酸エチルと0.5Mのリン酸二水素カリウム水溶液を用いて抽出操作を行った。得られた有機層を0.5Mのリン酸二水素カリウム水溶液、水、飽和食塩水の順で洗浄した。得られた有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、減圧濃縮し、4.0gの目的物を得た。
4-{[(2S,6R)-6-(4-ベンズアミド-2-オキソピリミジン-1(2H)-イル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸4.0gをピリジン(脱水)200mLに溶解し、4-DMAP0.73g、1-エチル-3‐(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩11.5gを加えた。次いで、アミノポリスチレン樹脂 Primer support 200 amino(GE Healthcare Japan社製、17-5214-97)25.0g、トリエチルアミン8.5mLを加え、室温で4日間振とうした。反応後、樹脂をろ取した。得られた樹脂をピリジン、メタノール、ジクロロメタンの順で洗浄し、減圧乾燥した。得られた樹脂にテトラヒドロフラン(脱水)200mL、無水酢酸15mL、2,6-ルチジン15mLを加え、室温で2時間振とうした。樹脂をろ取し、ピリジン、メタノール、ジクロロメタンの順で洗浄し、減圧乾燥し、26.7gの目的物を得た。
UV測定条件
機器:U-2910(日立製作所)
溶媒:メタンスルホン酸
波長:409 nm
ε値:45000
アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{[(2S,6R)-6-(5-メチル-2,4-ジオキソピリミジン-1-イル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸
参考例1と同様の方法に従って、標記化合物を製造した。但し、参考例1の工程1で用いたN-{1-[(2R,6S)-6-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]-2-オキソ-1,2-ジヒドロピリミジン-4-イル}ベンズアミドの代わりに、本工程では、1-[(2R,6S)-6-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]-5-メチルピリミジン-2,4(1H,3H)-ジオンを使用した。
当該目的物のローディング量は、公知の方法を用いて、樹脂1g当たりのトリチルのモル量を409nmにおけるUV吸光度を測定することにより決定した。樹脂のローディング量は、164.0μmol/gであった。
アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{[(2S,6R)-6-(6-ベンズアミドプリン-9-イル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸
参考例1と同様の方法に従って、標記化合物を製造した。但し、参考例1の工程1で用いたN-{1-[(2R,6S)-6-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]-2-オキソ-1,2-ジヒドロピリミジン-4-イル}ベンズアミドの代わりに、本工程では、N-{9-[(2R,6S)-6-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-トリチルモルフォリン-2-イル]プリン-6-イル}ベンズアミドを使用した。
当該目的物のローディング量は、公知の方法を用いて、樹脂1g当たりのトリチルのモル量を409nmにおけるUV吸光度を測定することにより決定した。樹脂のローディング量は、185.7μmol/gであった。
アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{{(2S,6R)-6-{6-(2-シアノエトキシ)-2-[(2-フェノキシアセチル)アミノ]プリン-9-イル}-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル}メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸
参考例1と同様の方法に従って、標記化合物を製造した。但し、参考例1の工程1で用いたN-{1-[(2R,6S)-6-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]-2-オキソ-1,2-ジヒドロピリミジン-4-イル}ベンズアミドの代わりに、本工程では、N-{6-(2-シアノエトキシ)-9-[(2R,6S)-6-(ヒドロキシメチル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]プリン-2-イル}-2-フェノキシアセトアミドを使用した。
当該目的物のローディング量は、公知の方法を用いて、樹脂1g当たりのトリチルのモル量を409nmにおけるUV吸光度を測定することにより決定した。樹脂のローディング量は、164.8μmol/gであった。
5’末端塩基に対応する、アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{[(2S,6R)-6-(4-ベンズアミド-2-オキソピリミジン-1(2H)-イル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸(参考例1)、もしくは、アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{[(2S,6R)-6-(5-メチル-2,4-ジオキソピリミジン-1-イル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸(参考例2)、もしくは、アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{[(2S,6R)-6-(6-ベンズアミドプリン-9-イル)-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル]メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸(参考例3)、もしくは、アミノポリスチレン樹脂に担持された4-{{(2S,6R)-6-{6-(2-シアノエトキシ)-2-[(2-フェノキシアセチル)アミノ]プリン-9-イル}-4-トリチルモルホリン-2-イル}メトキシ}-4-オキソブタン酸(参考例4)0.2gをフィルター付きカラムに充填し、核酸合成機(AKTA Oligopilot 10 plus)を使用して、下記合成サイクルを開始した。表1に記載の各化合物の塩基配列になるよう、各カップリングサイクルにおいて所望のモルホリノモノマー化合物を添加した(下記表2を参照)。
得られた目的物を含有する水溶液を陰イオン交換樹脂カラムで精製した。使用した条件は下記表4に示す通りである。
[試験例1]
In vitroアッセイ
RD細胞(ヒト横紋筋肉腫細胞株)3.5×105個に対して、表1のアンチセンスオリゴマー1~10μMをAmaxa Cell Line Nucleofector Kit Lを用いてNucleofector II(Lonza)により導入した。プログラムはT-030を用いた。
導入後、細胞を、10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)(インビトロジェン社製)を含むEagle's minimal essential medium(EMEM)培地(シグマ社製、以下同じ) 2mL中、37℃、5% CO2条件下で三晩培養した。
細胞をPBS(ニッスイ社製、以下同じ)で1回洗浄した後、1%の2-メルカプトエタノール(ナカライテスク社製)を含むBuffer RLT(キアゲン社製)を350 μL細胞に添加し、数分間室温に放置して細胞を溶解させ、QIAshredder ホモジナイザー(キアゲン社製)に回収した。15,000 rpmで2分間遠心し、ホモジネートを作製した。RNeasy Mini Kit (キアゲン社製)に添付のプロトコールに従ってtotal RNAを抽出した。抽出したtotal RNAの濃度はNanoDrop ND-1000(エル・エム・エス社製)を用いて測定した。
50℃、30分間:逆転写反応
95℃、15分間:ポリメラーゼ活性化、逆転写酵素不活性化、cDNA熱変性
[94℃、30秒間;60℃、30秒間;72 ℃、1分間]x 35サイクル:PCR増幅
72℃、10分間:最終伸長反応
フォワードプライマー:5’-GCTCAGGTCGGATTGACATT-3’ (配列番号1)
リバースプライマー:5’-GGGCAACTCTTCCACCAGTA -3’ (配列番号2)
エクソン45がスキップしたバンドのポリヌクレオチド量「A」と、エクソン45がスキップしなかったバンドのポリヌクレオチド量「B」を測定した。これら「A」及び「B」の測定値に基づき、以下の式に従って、スキッピング効率を求めた。
スキッピング効率(%)= A /( A + B )x 100
In vitroアッセイ
試験例1と同様の方法で実験を行った。但し、RD細胞(ヒト横紋筋肉腫細胞株)3.5×105個に対して、本発明オリゴマー単独(PMO NO.11又はPMO NO.9)、それぞれを構成している2本の個々のユニットオリゴマー、又はその混合物を各3μMの濃度でAmaxa Cell Line Nucleofector Kit Lを用いてNucleofector II(Lonza)により導入した。プログラムはT-030を用いた。導入した配列の組み合わせは以下の通りである。
結果を図6、25に示す。本実験により、エクソン45内の異なる部位を標的とする2本のアンチセンスオリゴマーを連結したPMO NO.11(配列番号10)、PMO NO.9(配列番号8)、又はPMO NO.72(配列番号79)の本発明のオリゴマーは、それを構成する個々のアンチセンスオリゴマー(PMO NO.27(配列番号36)、PMO NO.28(配列番号37)、PMO NO.25(配列番号34)、PMO NO.26(配列番号35)、PMO NO.82(配列番号144)、又はPMO NO.83(配列番号145))又はその混合物(PMO NO.27 及び PMO NO.28、 PMO NO.25 及び PMO NO.26、又はPMO NO.82及びPMO NO.83)と比較して、高い効率でエクソン45をスキッピングさせることが判明した。
In vitroアッセイ 配列番号89~141、11及び12に記載の2’-O-メトキシ-ホスホロチオエート体(2’-OMe-S-RNA)のアンチセンスオリゴマーを用いて実験を行った。アッセイに用いた各種アンチセンスオリゴマーは日本バイオサービス社より購入した。各種アンチセンスオリゴマーの配列を以下に示す。
添加後、一晩培養した。細胞をPBS(ニッスイ社製、以下同じ)で1回洗浄した後、1%の2-メルカプトエタノール(ナカライテスク社製)を含むBuffer RLT(キアゲン社製)を350 μL細胞に添加し、数分間室温に放置して細胞を溶解させ、QIAshredder ホモジナイザー(キアゲン社製)に回収した。15,000 rpmで2分間遠心し、ホモジネートを作製した。RNeasy Mini Kit (キアゲン社製)に添付のプロトコールに従ってtotal RNAを抽出した。抽出したtotal RNAの濃度はNanoDrop ND-1000(エル・エム・エス社製)を用いて測定した。
50℃、30分間:逆転写反応
95℃、15分間:ポリメラーゼ活性化、逆転写酵素不活性化、cDNA熱変性
[94℃、30秒間;60℃、30秒間;72 ℃、1分間]x 35サイクル:PCR増幅
72℃、10分間:最終伸長反応
フォワードプライマー:5’-GCTCAGGTCGGATTGACATT-3’ (配列番号1)
リバースプライマー:5’-GGGCAACTCTTCCACCAGTA -3’ (配列番号2)
エクソン45がスキップしたバンドのポリヌクレオチド量「A」と、エクソン45がスキップしなかったバンドのポリヌクレオチド量「B」を測定した。これら「A」及び「B」の測定値に基づき、以下の式に従って、スキッピング効率を求めた。
スキッピング効率(%)= A /( A + B )x 100
結果を図7、12~15に示す。本実験により、本発明のアンチセンスオリゴマーは有効にエクソン45をスキッピングさせることが判明した。
In vitroアッセイ
試験例1と同様の方法で実験を行った。但し、RD細胞(ヒト横紋筋肉腫細胞株)3.5×105個に対して、本発明オリゴマー単独(PMO NO.2、PMO NO.31又はPMO NO.32)、それぞれを構成している2本の個々のユニットオリゴマーを各3μM又は10μMの濃度でAmaxa Cell Line Nucleofector Kit Lを用いてNucleofector II(Lonza)により導入した。プログラムはT-030を用いた。導入した配列の組み合わせは以下の通りである。
結果を図9に示す。本実験により、エクソン45内の異なる部位を標的とする2本のアンチセンス核酸を連結したPMO No.2(配列番号7)、PMO No.31(配列番号11)又は PMO No.32(配列番号12)の本発明のオリゴマーは、それを構成する個々のアンチセンス核酸(PMO No.66、PMO No.63、PMO No.64、又はPMO No.65)と比較して、高い効率でエクソン45をスキッピングさせることが判明した。
Claims (21)
- 以下の(a)~(e)よりなる群より選ばれる2つのユニットオリゴマーが連結した、14~32塩基長のアンチセンスオリゴマーであって、2つのユニットオリゴマーは連続又は互いに重複するものではない、アンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物:
(a)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第-5~15番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(b)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第48~70番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(c)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第128~150番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;
(d)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第15~40番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー;及び
(e)ヒトジストロフィン遺伝子の第45番目のエクソンの5’末端から第110~125番目のヌクレオチド配列から選択される連続する7~16塩基のヌクレオチド配列に相補的な塩基配列からなるユニットオリゴマー。 - 前記2つのユニットオリゴマーのうちの一つが(a)である、請求項1に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- 配列番号7~12、14~33、40~52、57、64、65、79~86よりなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つの塩基配列からなる、請求項1又は2に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- 配列番号8、10、25、30、33、79、80よりなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つの塩基配列からなる、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分及び/又はリン酸結合部分が修飾されている、請求項5に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドの糖部分が、2’位の-OH基が、OR、R、R’OR、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NR2、N3、CN、F、Cl、Br及びIからなる群より選択されるいずれかの基で置換されたリボースである、請求項5又は6に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
(上記Rは、アルキル又はアリールを示し、上記R’は、アルキレンを示す。)
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドを構成する少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドのリン酸結合部分が、ホスホロチオエート結合、ホスホロジチオエート結合、アルキルホスホネート結合、ホスホロアミデート結合、及びボラノフォスフェート結合からなる群より選択されるいずれか1つのものである、請求項6又は7に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- モルホリノオリゴマーである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマーである、請求項9に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- ホスホロジアミデートモルホリノオリゴマーである、請求項4に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー、その医薬的に許容可能な塩又は水和物を有効成分とする、筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物。
- さらに医薬的に許容可能な担体を含む、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬上許容される塩若しくは水和物、又は請求項13若しくは14に記載の前記医薬組成物を筋ジストロフィー患者に投与する工程を含む、筋ジストロフィーの治療方法。
- 前記筋ジストロフィー患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン45スキップの対象となる変異を有する患者である、請求項15に記載の治療方法。
- 前記患者がヒトである、請求項15又は16に記載の治療方法。
- 筋ジストロフィー治療用医薬組成物の製造における請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬上許容される塩若しくは水和物の使用。
- 筋ジストロフィー治療に使用するための請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- 前記治療において、筋ジストロフィー患者が、ジストロフィン遺伝子にエクソン45スキップの対象となる変異を有する患者である、請求項19に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
- 前記患者がヒトである、請求項19又は20に記載のアンチセンスオリゴマー又はその医薬的に許容可能な塩若しくは水和物。
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- 2016-09-15 CN CN202111073060.2A patent/CN113930426A/zh active Pending
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- 2016-09-15 US US15/759,267 patent/US10144931B2/en active Active
- 2016-09-15 KR KR1020227012681A patent/KR20220053048A/ko not_active Ceased
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