WO2016133165A1 - Cas9 mRNAを哺乳動物の受精卵にエレクトロポレーションにより導入する方法 - Google Patents
Cas9 mRNAを哺乳動物の受精卵にエレクトロポレーションにより導入する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for introducing mRNA encoding Cas9 protein (Cas9 mRNA) into a fertilized egg of a mammal by electroporation.
- the present invention also uses the above-described method to produce a mammalian fertilized egg that expresses Cas9, to perform genome editing on the mammalian fertilized egg, and to produce a genome-edited mammalian fertilized egg Or producing a genetically modified animal.
- ZFN Zinc-Finger Nucleases
- TALEN Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases
- CRISPR / Cas system grouping etc.
- systems using artificial restriction enzymes such as the short interval palindromic system (ClusteredClusterRegularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat-Associated System) have attracted attention.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- Gene-modified animals by genome editing are usually produced by microinjecting artificial restriction enzyme genes into pronuclear embryos.
- this method is the mainstream, but skilled techniques are required to prevent cell damage.
- DNA and / or RNA must be injected into pronuclear embryos one by one using a dedicated machine, which is inconvenient when processing a large number of cells simultaneously.
- Electroporation is a useful means for introducing a target gene into a cell or tissue, and has been widely used in many biological species. In mice, this technique has been used on a variety of tissues including the brain, testis and muscles of fetuses and postnatal individuals.
- gene introduction into fertilized eggs has been mainly performed by microinjection. For example, microinjection into the pronucleus is used to insert linear DNA into the genome, and circular plasmid or mRNA microinjection is used to transiently express the desired gene without inserting it into the genome. Have been used.
- Non-patent Document 1 Recently established mouse genome editing was also performed by microinjecting Cas9 mRNA and gRNA (guide RNA) or plasmids expressing these RNAs one by one into the cytoplasm or pronucleus of fertilized eggs. ing. Microinjection requires a considerable amount of time and a skilled procedure, and has become a technical rate-limiting step in the production of genetically modified mice by genome editing (Non-patent Document 1).
- Non-patent Document 2 Electroporation has hardly been used to introduce genes into fertilized eggs of mice. As an exception, it has been reported that dsRNA that does not encode a protein was introduced into a fertilized mouse by electroporation in order to knock down an endogenous gene (Non-patent Document 2). This method requires a treatment to remove or thin the zona pellucida with an acidic tyrode solution before electroporation, but the zona pellucida is an important structure for the embryo before implantation, This method is not practical because the treatment is known to have toxic effects on mouse embryos. Also, this method only introduced short RNAs of less than 1 kb. Although electroporation without acid tyrode treatment has been reported, dsDNA of about 500 bp has only been introduced into a mouse blastocyst stage embryo (Non-patent Document 3).
- Non-patent Document 4 the efficiency of genome editing is very low, with less than 9% of offspring born to genome editing.
- the inventors of the present invention determined the optimum electroporation conditions for introducing Cas9 mRNA into a fertilized egg of a mammal after intensive studies, and completed the present invention.
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes, and the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes.
- a method including the following steps is provided.
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes, and the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes.
- a method including the following steps is provided.
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes, and the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes.
- a method including the following steps is provided.
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes, and the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes.
- a method including the following steps is provided.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a genetically modified animal, comprising transplanting a fertilized egg obtained by the above method to a recipient animal.
- Cas9 mRNA can be introduced into a fertilized egg of a mammal by electroporation.
- FIG. 1-1 shows the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- FIG. 1-2 shows the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- FIG. 1-3 shows the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
- 1-4 shows the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- FIG. 2 shows an electroporation apparatus.
- FIG. 3 shows the mCherry fluorescence intensity and the survival rate to the blastocyst stage of embryos electroporated with mCherry mRNA under various conditions.
- FIG. 4 is a graph in which mRNA introduction efficiency at each energization time is predicted for each voltage based on FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows the mCherry fluorescence intensity and viability to the blastocyst stage of embryos electroporated with mCherry mRNA using bi-directional pulses.
- FIG. 6 shows genome editing of Fgf10 in the CRISPR / Cas system by electroporation.
- FIG. 7 shows genome editing by electroporation using high concentrations of Cas9 mRNA.
- FIG. 8 shows ssODN (single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide) HDR (Homology-Directed-Repair) at the mCherry locus by electroporation.
- FIG. 9 shows HDR by ssODN at the mCherry locus by electroporation.
- Electroporation means an electric pulse generator and may be any one as long as it can carry out the steps (a) and (b) of the present invention. Electroporators can be purchased from, for example, BioRad, BTX, BEX, Intracel, Eppendorf, and the like.
- the “electroporation electrode” includes all electrodes used in the conventional electroporation method.
- the electrode which consists of metals, such as platinum, gold
- a mixture of a solution and a fertilized egg in which two electrodes are arranged with a gap of about 0.25 mm to about 10 mm, for example, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm or about 1 mm to about 2 mm, and containing Cas9C mRNA in the gap Can be put.
- the electrode may be a cuvette electrode combined with a container for containing the mixture.
- Electroporation electrodes can be purchased from, for example, BioRad, BTX, BEX, Intracel, and Eppendorf.
- the solution containing Cas9 mRNA contains, for example, about 30ng / ⁇ l to about 2000ng / ⁇ l, about 50ng / ⁇ l to about 1000ng / ⁇ l, about 50ng / ⁇ l to about 500ng / ⁇ l. ⁇ l, about 50 ng / ⁇ l to about 300 ng / ⁇ l, about 50 ng / ⁇ l to about 200 ng / ⁇ l, about 200 ng / ⁇ l to about 1000 ng / ⁇ l, about 200 ng / ⁇ l to about 500 ng / ⁇ l, or about 200 ng / ⁇ l to about 300 ng / Contains at a concentration of ⁇ l.
- the solution comprises about 200 ng / ⁇ l Cas9 mRNA. Under certain electrical conditions, the higher the Cas9 mRNA concentration in the solution, the greater the amount of mRNA introduced.
- the solution containing Cas9 mRNA is obtained by dissolving Cas9 mRNA in an arbitrary solution that can be used for electroporation.
- the solution that can be used for electroporation may be a medium or buffer that allows a fertilized egg to survive during electroporation.
- a medium such as Opti-MEM-I, PBS, HBS, HBSS, Hanks, HCMF, or the like Contains a buffer.
- the solution does not contain serum.
- step (a) of the present invention a mixture of a solution containing Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg is placed between the electrodes for electroporation.
- a solution containing Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg mixed in advance may be added between the electrodes, or a solution containing Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg may be added separately between the electrodes.
- the mixture is used in a volume that fills the gap of the electrode, for example, in a volume of about 1 ⁇ l to about 50 ⁇ l, preferably about 1.5 ⁇ l to about 15 ⁇ l, more preferably about 2 ⁇ l to about 10 ⁇ l. In one embodiment of the invention, the volume of the mixture is about 5 ⁇ l.
- step (b) of the present invention a voltage is applied between the electrodes so as to achieve an mRNA introduction efficiency (R) equal to or higher than the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency (R min ) defined by the Cas9 mRNA concentration.
- the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency (R min ) is calculated from the Cas9 mRNA concentration c (ng / ⁇ l) by the following equation (A).
- R min 882 / c
- the mRNA introduction efficiency depends on the voltage applied between the electrodes and the energization time.
- the mRNA introduction efficiency (R) may be not less than the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency (R min ) calculated from the Cas9 mRNA concentration of the solution in the step (a).
- R min the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency calculated from the Cas9 mRNA concentration of the solution in the step (a).
- R min the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency calculated from the Cas9 mRNA concentration of the solution in the step (a).
- R min the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency calculated from the Cas9 mRNA concentration of the solution in the step (a).
- R min is 17.6 and R may be 17.6 or more, for example, 25 or more, preferably 27.1 or more.
- R min is 4.41
- R may be 4.41 or more, preferably 7.9 or more, more preferably 14.7 or more. Most preferably, it is 27.1 or more.
- R min when the Cas9 mRNA concentration is 50 ng / ⁇ l, R min is 17.6.
- a voltage of about 20 V per 1 mm distance between electrodes is about 31 msec or more, a voltage of about 30 V is about 17 msec or more, and a voltage of about 40 V is about 11 msec or more.
- a voltage of about 50 V is applied for about 7.5 msec or more.
- a voltage of about 20 V per 1 mm distance between electrodes is applied for about 36 msec or more, a voltage of about 30 V is applied for about 21 msec or more, a voltage of about 40 V is applied for about 14 msec or more, and a voltage of about 50 V is applied for about 11 msec or more.
- a voltage of about 20 V per 1 mm between electrodes is applied for about 37 msec or more, a voltage of about 30 V is applied for about 22 msec or more, a voltage of about 40 V is applied for about 15 msec or more, or a voltage of about 50 V is applied for about 12 msec or more.
- a voltage of about 30 V per mm distance between electrodes is applied for about 21 msec.
- R min is 4.41.
- a voltage of about 20 V per 1 mm distance between electrodes is about 15 msec or more
- a voltage of about 30 V is about 5 msec or more
- a voltage of about 40 V is about 3.
- a voltage of about 20 V per 1 mm distance between electrodes is applied for about 21 msec or more, a voltage of about 30 V is applied for about 9 msec or more, a voltage of about 40 V is applied for about 6 msec or more, and a voltage of about 50 V is applied for about 3 msec or more. More preferably, a voltage of about 20 V per 1 mm between electrodes is applied for about 29 msec or more, a voltage of about 30 V is applied for about 15 msec or more, a voltage of about 40 V is applied for about 10 msec or more, and a voltage of about 50 V is applied for about 6 msec or more.
- a voltage of about 20 V per 1 mm between electrodes is applied for about 37 msec or more, a voltage of about 30 V is applied for about 22 msec or more, a voltage of about 40 V is applied for about 15 msec or more, or a voltage of about 50 V is applied for about 12 msec or more. In one embodiment, a voltage of about 30 V per mm distance between electrodes is applied for about 21 msec.
- step (b) of the present invention mRNA introduction efficiency increases with voltage and energization time, but if the voltage is too high or if the energization time is too long, the survival rate of the fertilized egg tends to decrease.
- the voltage is from about 20 V to about 55 V, preferably from about 20 V to about 40 V, more preferably from about 25 V to about 35 V, most preferably about 30 V per mm distance between the electrodes.
- the energization time is set such that the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 Vmsec or less, more preferably about 810 msec or less, more preferably about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm of the interelectrode distance.
- the voltage in step (b) may be constant or may vary. In one embodiment of the invention, the voltage in step (b) is constant. In that case, a conventional square pulse electroporator can be used as the electroporator.
- the voltage is divided into a plurality of pulses.
- the voltage is divided into 2 to 15 times, 3 to 11 times, 5 to 9 times, or 6 to 8 times.
- the voltage is applied in 7 pulses.
- the time of each pulse is, for example, about 0.01 msec to about 33 msec, about 0.5 msec to about 15 msec, about 1 msec to about 10 msec, about 2 msec to about 5 msec, for example, about 3 msec.
- the interval between each pulse is, for example, about 0.5 to about 500 msec, preferably about 5 to about 250 msec, more preferably about 10 to about 150 msec, and further preferably about 80 to 120 msec. In one embodiment of the invention, the interval between pulses is about 97 msec.
- the magnitude of each pulse may be the same or different.
- the direction of each pulse when the voltage is applied to a plurality of pulses, the direction of each pulse may be the same, and the direction of at least one pulse may be opposite to the other pulses.
- the pulses in each direction may be in any order. For example, pulses in one direction may be applied successively after pulses in one direction are continuously applied, pulses in each direction may be applied alternately, or pulses in each direction may be applied randomly.
- reverse pulse means a pulse when the anode and the cathode are interchanged with respect to a pulse in which one of the two electroporation electrodes is an anode and the other is a cathode.
- reverse voltage means a voltage when the anode and the cathode are switched with respect to a voltage in which one of the two electroporation electrodes is an anode and the other is a cathode.
- the mRNA introduction efficiency (R) is determined from the energization time t (msec)
- the equation (I) R 0.0005 ⁇ t 3 ⁇ 0.0057 ⁇ t 2 + 0.2847 ⁇ t
- the equation (II) R 0.0015 ⁇ t 3 ⁇ 0.0191 ⁇ t 2 + 0.989 ⁇ t, When the voltage is about
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between electrodes, and the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 V msec or less, preferably 540 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between electrodes, and the voltage is divided into two or more pulses. It ’s okay, (D) A voltage that achieves an mRNA introduction efficiency (R) that is equal to or higher than the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency (R min ) calculated by the equation (B), and a voltage in the direction opposite to that in step (c) between the electrodes.
- R mRNA introduction efficiency
- R min minimum mRNA introduction efficiency
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes
- the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 V msec or less, preferably 540 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes, and the voltage is 2 times or more.
- steps (c) and (d) conditions such as voltage and energization time can be determined according to step (b).
- Genome editing means modifying one or more genes of mammalian cells using artificial restriction enzymes. Genome editing alters one or both alleles.
- genome editing is performed using a CRISPR / Cas system derived from bacteria. Details of the CRISPR / Cas system are described, for example, in Wang, H. et al., Cell, 153, 910-918 (2013) and US Pat. No. 8,697,359, which are incorporated herein by reference. Part.
- gRNA is a combination of bacterial crRNA and tracrRNA into a single chimeric RNA. Accordingly, gRNA has both the target sequence specificity of crRNA and the characteristics of tracrRNA that serves as a scaffold for Cas9 protein. When gRNA and Cas9 are expressed in cells, the target sequence in the genome can be permanently altered.
- the gRNA / Cas9 protein complex is recruited to the target sequence by complementary base binding between the gRNA sequence and the target sequence in the genomic DNA.
- the target sequence in the genome must contain a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif) sequence immediately after the target sequence.
- PAM Protospacer Adjacent Motif
- DSBs can be repaired by NHEJ (Non-Homologous End Joining) DNA repair pathway or HDR (Homologous recombination repair) pathway.
- NHEJ Non-Homologous End Joining
- HDR Homologous recombination repair
- the NHEJ repair pathway often provides base insertion / deletion at the DSB site, which can lead to frameshifts and / or stop codons and destroy the open reading frame of the target gene.
- the HDR pathway requires the presence of a repair template to repair the DSB. In HDR, the repair template sequence is faithfully copied to the cleaved target sequence.
- a desired mutation can be introduced into a target gene using a repair template and HDR.
- Cas9 protein Wild-type Cas9 protein has two functional nuclease domains, RuvC and HNH, each of which cleaves a different strand of the double stranded DNA. When both of these domains are active, the Cas9 protein causes a DSB (double strand break) in the genomic DNA.
- a Cas9 protein having only the catalytic activity of either RuvC or HNH has also been developed. In this case, the Cas9 protein cleaves only one strand of the target DNA.
- the RuvC domain of the Cas9 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes is inactivated by the D10A mutation and the HNH domain is inactivated by the H840A mutation.
- Cas9 protein inactive as a nuclease can be used as a molecular biological tool.
- gRNA can be used as a transcriptional regulator that activates or suppresses gene expression by binding dCas9 protein to a known transcriptional regulatory domain.
- a dCas9 protein fused to a transcriptional activator can activate transcription of a target sequence.
- transcription can be suppressed when only the dCas9 protein binds to the target sequence.
- genomic DNA can be purified by using dCas9 protein fused to an epitope tag with gRNA targeting any genomic DNA sequence, such as in chromatin immunoprecipitation.
- a dCas9 protein fused with a fluorescent protein marker such as GFP or mcherry can also be used as a DNA label that can be detected in living cells in combination with a gRNA targeting any genomic DNA sequence.
- Cas9 protein means a protein having the ability to bind to DNA in a gRNA-dependent manner, and those having both RuvC and HNH nuclease activity have either or both of RuvC and HNH nuclease activity. Some that don't.
- the DNA binding activity and nuclease activity of Cas9 protein can be measured, for example, by the method described in Samuel H. Sternberg et al., Nature 507, 62-67 (2014), which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Cas9 mRNA means mRNA encoding Cas9 protein, and may have any nucleotide sequence as long as it can be translated into the amino acid sequence of Cas9 protein.
- the Cas9 protein is derived from a bacterium having a CRISPR system.
- Bacteria known to have the CRISPR system include Aeropyrum, Pyrobaculum, Sulfolobus, Arcaeoglobus, Halocarcula, Methanobacteria (Methanobacteriumn), Methanococcus, Methanosarcina, Methanopyrus, Pyrococcus, Picrophilus, Thermoplasma, Corynebacterium, Corynebacterium Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, Aquifex, Porphyromonas, Chlorobium, Thermus, Bacillus, Listeria (L isteria), Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Thermoanaerobacter, Mycoplasma, Fusobacterium, Azoarcus, Chromobacterium , Neisseria, Nitrosomonas, Desulfovibrio, Geobacter, Micrococcus, Campylobacter, W
- the Cas9 protein can be a fusion protein with another protein or peptide.
- Other proteins or peptides include, for example, fluorescent proteins, transcriptional regulators, epitope tags, protein purification tags, nuclear translocation signal peptides, and the like.
- the Cas9 protein comprises an amino acid sequence having about 80% or more sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4 shown in FIG. 1, and the Cas9 protein is gRNA-dependent. It may be a protein having a selective DNA binding activity and optionally having either or both of a RuvC nuclease activity and an HNH nuclease activity.
- the Cas9 protein includes any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4, or consists of the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4.
- the Cas9 protein comprises an amino acid sequence having about 80% or more sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and has the gRNA-dependent DNA binding activity of the Cas9 protein, optionally RuvC and / or HNH It may be a protein having nuclease activity.
- Cas9 protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4 are amino acid sequences of Cas9 protein derived from Staphylococcus pyogenis, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Treponema denticola, respectively.
- the Cas9 protein comprises about 80% or more, such as about 85% or more, preferably about 90% or more, more preferably about 95% or more of any of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4. More preferably about 97% or more, more preferably about 98% or more, more preferably about 99% or more, more preferably about 99.5% or more.
- Amino acid sequence identity refers to the percentage of amino acid residues that are identical in the two sequences when the sequences are optimally aligned. Thus, for example, 90% amino acid sequence identity means that 90% of the amino acids are identical in two optimally aligned amino acid sequences.
- Methods for calculating alignment and identity of amino acid sequences are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a program such as BLAST can be used.
- Cas9 mRNA can be obtained by cloning a DNA encoding the amino acid sequence of a desired Cas9 protein into an in vitro transcription vector and transcribing in vitro.
- Suitable in vitro transcription vectors are known to those skilled in the art.
- In vitro transcription vectors in which DNA encoding Cas9 protein has been cloned are also known, and include, for example, pT7-Cas9 that can be purchased from Origene.
- In vitro transcription methods are known to those skilled in the art.
- the solution containing Cas9 mRNA contains one or more additional nucleic acid molecules, which are introduced into the fertilized egg along with Cas9 mRNA.
- the additional nucleic acid molecule can be, for example, gRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA or ssODN, gRNA alone, a combination of crRNA and tracrRNA, a combination of gRNA and ssODN, or a combination of crRNA, tracrRNA and ssODN.
- the concentration of gRNA in the solution may be 1:20 to 1: 1 by weight, for example 1: 2, with respect to the concentration of Cas9 mRNA.
- the solution may contain 200 ng / ⁇ l Cas9 mRNA and 100 ng / ⁇ l gRNA.
- the concentration of crRNA and tracrRNA in the solution can be 1: 1: 20 to 1: 1: 1, eg 1: 1: 2, by weight relative to the concentration of Cas9 mRNA.
- the solution may contain 200 ng / ⁇ l Cas9 mRNA, 100 ng / ⁇ l crRNA and 100 ng / ⁇ l tracrRNA.
- the concentration of ssODN in the solution can be 200-1000 ng / ⁇ l, for example 600 ng / ⁇ l.
- gRNA Genome editing requires target-specific gRNA.
- guide RNA or “gRNA” means an artificial single-stranded RNA in which crRNA and tracrRNA are fused. There may be a linker sequence between crRNA and tracrRNA.
- Cas9 protein can bind to genomic DNA in a target-specific manner in the presence of gRNA.
- CrRNA is derived from bacterial endogenous RNA and is responsible for the sequence specificity of gRNA.
- crRNA includes a target sequence in genomic DNA or a sequence complementary thereto.
- a target sequence a nucleotide sequence having a PAM sequence immediately after is selected in genomic DNA.
- the target sequence may be on any strand of genomic DNA.
- the target sequence in genomic DNA needs to have a PAM sequence immediately after the target sequence.
- the PAM sequence is present immediately after the target sequence in genomic DNA, but not immediately after the target sequence in gRNA.
- the Cas9 protein can bind to any DNA sequence having a PAM sequence immediately after the target sequence.
- the PAM sequence varies depending on the bacterial species from which the Cas9 protein is derived.
- the most widely used Cas9 protein is derived from Staphylococcus pyogenis, and the corresponding PAM sequence is that of NGG located immediately after the 3 'end of the target sequence.
- N represents any one of A, T, G, and C.
- TracrRNA binds complementarily with a part of crRNA to form a hairpin structure. This structure is recognized by Cas9, and a complex of crRNA, tracrRNA and Cas9 is formed. Therefore, tracrRNA is responsible for the Cas9 protein binding ability of gRNA.
- the tracrRNA is derived from bacterial endogenous RNA and has a sequence that varies depending on the bacterial species.
- the tracrRNA of the present invention may be from a bacterium known to have the above-described CRISPR system, and preferably, the tracrRNA and Cas9 protein used for genome editing are derived from the same bacterial species. For example, tracrRNAs of Staphylococcus pyogenis, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Treponema denticola can be used.
- a gRNA can be obtained by cloning a DNA having a desired gRNA sequence into an in vitro transcription vector and transcribing it in vitro. Suitable in vitro transcription vectors are known to those skilled in the art. In addition, in vitro transcription vectors containing sequences other than the target sequence of gRNA are known in the art. A gRNA can be obtained by synthesizing an oligonucleotide of the target sequence, inserting it into such a vector, and in vitro transcription.
- Such vectors include, for example, pUC57-sgRNA expression vector, pCFD1-dU6: 1gRNA, pCFD2-dU6: 2gRNA pCFD3-dU6: 3gRNA, pCFD4-U6: 1_U6: 3tandemgRNAs, pRB17, pMB60, DR274, which can be purchased from addgene SP6-sgRNA-scaffold, pT7-gRNA, DR274, pUC57-Simple-gRNA backbone, and pT7-Guide-IVT available from Origene. In vitro transcription methods are known to those skilled in the art.
- crRNA and tracrRNA are each separate RNA molecules, and their weight ratio can be 1:10 to 10: 1, such as 1: 1.
- HDR Homologous recombination repair
- CRISPR / Cas system can also be used to modify specific nucleotides of the target sequence.
- a DNA repair template containing the desired sequence must be present during HDR.
- ssODN single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide
- ssODN has high homology to sequences upstream and downstream of DSB. The length and position of each homology region depends on the size of the modification to be introduced.
- HDR can modify specific nucleotides at the DSB site by the Cas9 protein.
- the ssODN is designed not to include a target sequence having a PAM sequence immediately after it, so that the repaired gene is not cleaved by the Cas9 protein.
- the ssODN can be prevented from being cleaved by the Cas9 protein by making the sequence corresponding to the PAM sequence different in the ssODN. Details of the design method of ssODN are described in, for example, Yang, H. et al., Cell, 154 (6), 1370-9 (2013), which is incorporated herein by reference.
- ssODN is usually introduced into cells along with gRNA and Cas9 mRNA.
- introducing mRNA encoding Cas9 protein into a fertilized egg” or “introducing Cas9 mRNA into a fertilized egg” means at least an electroporated fertilized egg or a cell derived from the fertilized egg. In one, it means introducing Cas9 mRNA into a fertilized egg in such an amount that Cas9 protein can be expressed.
- the fertilized eggs are in an amount capable of genomic editing of at least one target gene in the genome in the presence of gRNA.
- Cas9 mRNA is introduced.
- the method of the invention further comprises the step of confirming that genome editing has occurred.
- the occurrence of genome editing can be confirmed by various methods known in the art. For example, when the phenotype of the target gene is known, by detecting the change in the phenotype, or in the embryo cell generated from the fertilized egg, the genomic DNA sequence containing the target sequence is changed. This can be confirmed by decoding. In the case of HDR, RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) can be evaluated by incorporating a restriction enzyme cleavage site into ssODN. These methods are well known in the art.
- mammal includes any organism classified as a mammal. Mammals include, for example, primates (eg, monkeys, humans, etc.), rodents (eg, mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, etc.), cows, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, etc. Including. In certain embodiments, the mammal is a rodent. In certain embodiments, the mammal is a mouse.
- fertilized egg means an egg or embryo after fertilization, and includes a fertilized egg (1 cell stage) and an early developmental embryo from the 2 cell stage to the blastocyst stage.
- a fertilized egg may be a fertilized egg fertilized in vivo or in vitro, and may be frozen and stored as an ovum or a fertilized egg. Methods for preparing, culturing and storing fertilized eggs are known in the art. Preferably, before use in electroporation, the fertilized egg is washed with a solution for electroporation and the culture medium is removed.
- the fertilized egg is in the 1-cell stage to the morula stage, preferably in the 1-cell stage to 8-cell stage, more preferably in the 1-cell stage to 4-cell stage, more preferably in the 1-cell stage to 2 stages.
- electroporation is performed after about 6 hours, preferably after about 9 hours, more preferably after about 12 hours after fertilization.
- electroporation is performed about 6 hours to about 18 hours after fertilization, preferably about 9 hours to about 15 hours, more preferably about 11 hours to 13 hours, such as about 12 hours. carry out.
- a fertilized egg usually has a protective film called a zona pellucida.
- the zona pellucida can be removed or thinned by acid tyrode solution treatment or the like, but in the method of the present invention, the zona pellucida may or may not be removed or thinned.
- a fertilized egg from which the zona pellucida has not been removed or thinned is used.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes culturing an electroporated fertilized egg and confirming the survival of the fertilized egg. Methods for culturing fertilized eggs are well known to those skilled in the art. The survival of the fertilized egg can be confirmed by observing that at least one cell division of the fertilized egg has occurred after electroporation.
- a genome-edited mammalian fertilized egg can be obtained.
- An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for producing a genetically modified animal comprising transplanting a fertilized egg obtained by the method of the present invention to a recipient animal.
- the recipient animal is usually a pseudopregnant female of the same animal species as the fertilized egg, and the fertilized egg is transplanted into the oviduct. Depending on the stage of development of the fertilized egg (embryo), it may be transplanted into the uterus. Recipient animals transplanted with fertilized eggs can give birth to genetically modified animals.
- Methods for producing genetically modified animals are known to those skilled in the art. For example, the methods described in Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual, F th Edition (Cold Spring Harbor Press), which is incorporated herein by reference, are used.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg at the 1 cell stage between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg at the 1 cell stage between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and a fertilized egg at the 1 cell stage between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA and tracrRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, gRNA and ssODN and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA and ssODN and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA and tracrRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, gRNA and ssODN and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA and ssODN and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA and a mixture of fertilized eggs between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA and tracrRNA and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, gRNA and ssODN and a mixture of fertilized eggs between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of a solution containing about 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA and ssODN and a fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA and a 1 cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA and tracrRNA and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, gRNA and ssODN and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA and ssODN and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) Applying a voltage of about 20 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 15 msec or more, or applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per 1 mm distance between electrodes for about 9 msec or more between the electrodes; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA and a 1 cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA and tracrRNA and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, gRNA and ssODN and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of about 200 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA and ssODN and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA and tracrRNA and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of about 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, gRNA and ssODN and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the method of the invention comprises: (A) placing a mixture of approximately 50 ng / ⁇ l or more of Cas9 mRNA, crRNA, tracrRNA and ssODN and a 1-cell stage fertilized egg between the electrodes for electroporation; (B) applying a voltage of about 30 V or more per electrode distance of 1 mm or more between the electrodes for about 21 msec or more; However, the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Including each stage.
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes, and the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 990 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes.
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes
- the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 V msec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes
- the voltage may be divided into two or more pulses.
- (D) A voltage that achieves an mRNA introduction efficiency (R) that is equal to or higher than the minimum mRNA introduction efficiency (R min ) calculated by the equation (B), and a voltage in the direction opposite to that in step (c) between the electrodes.
- the voltage is about 20 V to about 55 V per 1 mm distance between the electrodes
- the product of the voltage and the energization time is about 630 Vmsec or less per 1 mm distance between the electrodes
- the voltage is applied in two or more pulses. May be Each stage of When the voltage is divided into two or more pulses in steps (c) and (d), a pulse in the reverse direction may be applied after continuously applying a pulse in one direction, and pulses in each direction are alternately applied. You may apply random pulses in each direction. Method.
- the Cas9 protein is a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having about 90% or more sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 4, and binding to DNA in a gRNA-dependent manner.
- the Cas9 protein comprises any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 4.
- a method for producing a fertilized egg of a mammal expressing Cas9 which comprises introducing Cas9 mRNA into the fertilized egg of a mammal by the method according to any one of items [1] to [39].
- Genomic editing is performed on a fertilized egg of a mammal, including introducing Cas9 mRNA and an additional nucleic acid molecule into the fertilized egg of the mammal by the method according to any one of items [35] to [38].
- Method. [42] The method of item [41], further comprising the step of confirming that genome editing has occurred.
- a genome-edited mammalian fertilized egg comprising introducing Cas9 mRNA and a further nucleic acid molecule into the mammalian fertilized egg by the method according to any of items [35] to [38].
- Manufacturing method [44] A method for producing a genetically modified animal, comprising transplanting a fertilized egg obtained by the method according to item [43] to a recipient animal.
- Cas9 mRNA can be efficiently and rapidly introduced into a fertilized egg of a mammal by electroporation.
- the advantages of electroporation are high embryo viability and a time consuming technique that does not require special procedures.
- electroporation can be achieved in a few minutes with a simple operation.
- commercially available electroporation systems are generally cheaper than microinjection systems. Therefore, the present invention can contribute to increasing the efficiency, speeding up, and reducing the cost of genome editing using the CRISPR / Cas system and the production of genetically modified animals using the genome editing.
- hCas9 plasmid (pX330) was purchased from Addgene (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA). hCas9 excised from pX330 was ligated downstream of the SP6 promoter of pSP64 vector (Promega) (pSP64-hCas9) and used for mRNA synthesis.
- pCS2-mCherry and pSP64-hCas9 were linearized with NotI and SalI, respectively.
- MCherry and hCas9 mRNA were synthesized using an in vitro RNA transcription kit (mMESSAGE mMACHINE SP6 Transcription Kit, Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) using the linear plasmid as a template.
- mMESSAGE mMACHINE SP6 Transcription Kit Ambion, Austin, TX, USA
- Oligonucleotide pairs targeting Fgf10 or mCherry were annealed and inserted into the BsaI restriction enzyme site of the pDR274 vector (addgene).
- the sequence of the oligonucleotide is as follows. Fgf10 (5'-GGAGAGGACAAAAAACAAGA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5) and its complementary sequence) and mCherry (5'-GGCCACGAGTTCGAGATCGAGGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6) and its complementary sequence).
- gRNA was synthesized using MEGAshortscript T7 Transcription Kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA).
- RNA Synthesized RNA (mRNA and gRNA) was purified by phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol extraction and isopropanol precipitation. The precipitated RNA was dissolved in Opti-MEM-I at a concentration of 2-4 ⁇ g / ⁇ l and stored at ⁇ 20 ° C. until use. RNA was quantified with a spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. ssODN was purchased dry from Sigma®, dissolved in Opti-MEM® I at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ l, and stored at ⁇ 20 ° C. until use.
- mice of mouse strain ICR (Clea Japan) or B6D2F1 (C57BL / 6xDBA2F1) (Japan SLC) were used.
- the ICR line was mainly used for determination of electroporation conditions, and the B6D2F1 line was used for genome editing.
- mWM medium (arc resources, Japan) or KSOM medium (95mM NaCl, 2.5mM KCl, 0.35mM KH 2 PO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 0.2mM MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 0.2 mM glucose, 10 mM sodium lactate, 25 mM NaHCO 3 , 0.2 mM sodium pyruvate, 1.71 mM CaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, 0.01 mM Na 2 -EDTA ⁇ 2H 2 O, 1 mM L-glutamine, 1 mg / ml BSA).
- An electroporation platinum block electrode (length: 10 mm, width: 3 mm, height: 0.5 mm, gap: 1 mm) (Vex Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as BEX), Tokyo, Japan) was outsourced and used ( FIG. 2a).
- the signal intensity of mCherry fluorescence was measured 15 hours after electroporation.
- An Axio Observer.Z1 inverted microscope (Zeiss, Germany) equipped with a Nipcor disc confocal unit CSU-W1 (Yokogawa, Japan) was used.
- the fluorescence signal was detected by EM-CCD camera ImageM (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan), and the data was analyzed by HC image software and NIH ImageJ (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/).
- the measured fluorescence intensity is a relative value depending on the conditions of acquisition and analysis of the fluorescence signal, and can be compared only when all the conditions match.
- Fgf10 and H2b-mCherry genome-edited Cas9 mRNA and gRNA targeting Fgf10 or H2b-mCherry were introduced into fertilized eggs recovered from B6D2F1 females by electroporation as described above.
- ssODN was introduced together with Cas9 mRNA and gRNA.
- Sequences ssODN for H2b-mCherry are as follows; 5'-AGTTCATGCGCTTCAAGGTGCACATGGAGGGCTCCGTGAATTCATAACTTCGTATAGCATACATTATACGAAGTTATCGAGGGCGAGGGCCGCCCCTACGAGGGCACCCAGACCGCC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 7), and, 5'-CGTGAACGGCCACGAGTTCGAGATATCGAGGGCGAGGGCGAGGGCCGCCC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 8).
- Surviving 2-cell stage embryos were transplanted into the oviduct of pseudopregnant mice on the day the vaginal plug occurred. Alternatively, embryos were cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage (E4.5).
- Fgf10Fwd (5′-CAGCAGGTCTTACCCCTTCCA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 9)
- Fgf10Rev 5′-TACAGGGGTTGGGGACATAA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 10 )
- H2b-mCherryFwd GAGGGCACTAAGGCAGTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 11)
- H2b-mCherryRev CCCATGGTCTTCTTCTGCAT (SEQ ID NO: 12)
- PCR amplification products of Fgf10 or H2b-mCherry were cloned into pMD20 (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) vector. Ten plasmids were isolated from each embryo and the genomic region was sequenced. Sequencing was performed using BigDye TM Terminator TM Cycle TM Sequencing Kit TM ver. 3.1 TM and ABI TM 3500 Genetic TM Analyser TM (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA).
- Electroporation conditions for introducing mRNA into mouse fertilized eggs The electroporation conditions for introducing mRNA into mouse fertilized eggs without treating the zona pellucida with acid were examined.
- the electroporation system shown in FIG. 2a was prepared.
- a platinum block electrode (FIG. 2c) having a gap distance of 1 mm, a length of 10 mm, a width of 3 mm, and a height of 0.5 mm and capable of holding 5 ⁇ l of solution between the electrodes was set on a stereomicroscope (FIG. 2a left), and an electroporator (CUY21EDIT II) (Fig. 2a right).
- a stereomicroscope FIG. 2a left
- an electroporator CUY21EDIT II
- FIG. 2a is a photograph of the electroporation apparatus used in this experiment.
- FIG. 2b is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a square in FIG. 2a.
- FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of a platinum block electrode. The fertilized egg is placed in the mRNA solution in the gap between the electrodes.
- FIG. 2d is a microscopic image of a fertilized egg placed in the gap between the electrodes.
- FIG. 2e is a schematic diagram of electroporation conditions for introducing mRNA into fertilized eggs of mice, and shows that 10V to 50V, 3 msec square pulses are repeated 3 to 11 times at 97 msec intervals. .
- FIG. 3b is a plot of the fluorescence intensity ( ⁇ ) and survival to the blastocyst stage ( ⁇ ) of embryos electroporated with various pulse repetitions.
- the fluorescence intensity of mCherry is 7.9 for 3 times, 14.7 for 5 times, 27.1 for 7 times, 40.6 for 9 times, 65.9 for 11 times, and increases with the number of pulses. did. Survival to the blastocyst stage began to decline in 7 iterations and reached about 50% in 11 iterations.
- the approximate expression of the graph shown in FIG. 4 was created using Excel software.
- the mRNA introduction efficiency R at each voltage is expressed by the following approximate expression using the energization time t (msec).
- 20V R 0.0005 ⁇ t 3 ⁇ 0.000057 ⁇ t 2 + 0.2847 ⁇ t
- 30V R 0.0015 ⁇ t 3 ⁇ 0.0191 ⁇ t 2 + 0.9498 ⁇ t
- 40V R 0.0005 ⁇ t 3 + 0.0508 ⁇ t 2 + 0.9922 ⁇ t 50V
- R 0.0078 ⁇ t 3 ⁇ 0.1414 ⁇ t 2 + 3.0103 ⁇ t
- Electroporation using pulses in both directions As in Example 1, mCherry mRNA was introduced into E0.5 fertilized eggs by electroporation. The voltage and pulse time were fixed at 30 V and 3 msec, and the number of pulse repetitions and the voltage direction were changed as shown in FIG. 5c.
- x6 indicates that six pulses were given from one direction.
- X + 3-3 indicates that three pulses were given from one direction, followed by three pulses from the reverse direction.
- Xalt ⁇ 3 indicates that pulses from both directions were alternately given three times. The same applies to x + 6-6 and xalt ⁇ 6.
- the fluorescence intensity of mCherry increased with the number of pulses regardless of the voltage direction (FIG. 5a). Survival rates up to the blastocyst stage were both high (FIG. 5b), especially at x + 6-6 and xalt ⁇ 6 compared to when 12 pulses were given from one direction.
- Fgf10 gene which is essential for limb development, was targeted. Fgf10 homozygous mutant embryos have already been shown to develop in the absence of extremities (Sekine, K. et al., Nature Genetics 21, 138-141, which is incorporated herein by reference). 1999)), gene disruption can be easily confirmed by phenotype. Furthermore, disruption of this gene by the CRISPR / Cas system has been carried out by microinjection of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA (Yasue, A. et al., Scientific Reports 4, 5705, which is incorporated herein by reference). 2014).
- FIG. 6a shows the genomic structure of the Fgf10 locus, including the target sequence used in this experiment (underlined) and the PAM sequence (AGG, capital letters). Embryos were developed to the 2-cell stage and transferred to pseudopregnant females. Mice were dissected with E15 or E16 and the morphology of the embryo was observed.
- FIG. 6b shows representative examples of three categories of embryos showing different limb phenotypes: no limb, limb abnormality (left: hind limb loss, right: forelimb and hindlimb shortening) or normal.
- FIG. 6c is a graph summarizing the effects of Cas9 and gRNA electroporation on limb development. The concentration of RNA used in each experiment is shown on the left of the graph. The numbers in each column represent the number of embryos showing the phenotype of each category.
- Table 1 shows the concentrations of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA used, 2 cell stage viability, embryo viability at E15 or E16.
- Table 2 shows the generation of Fgf10 mutant embryos by electroporation of Cas9 RNA and gRNA.
- Table 1 Survival rate of electroporated embryos
- Table 2 Morphological abnormalities of electroporated embryos The survival rate of electroporated fertilized eggs at the 2-cell stage (94 to 95% in Table 1) is significantly higher than that of microinjection (34 to 35% in Yasue, A. et al.). It was expensive.
- Genomic editing of mCherry gene by electroporation of Cas9 mRNA and gRNA Fertilized egg with Histon2b (H2b) -mCherry gene at the Rosa26 locus was used for electroporation.
- H2b-mCherry is ubiquitously expressed under the control of the Rosa26 promoter, and mCherry fluorescence is observed in all nuclei at the 4-8 cell stage.
- mCherry fluorescence disappears.
- RNA concentration enabling genome editing was examined by electroporation in which 30 V, 3 msec electric pulses were repeated seven times.
- Cas9 mRNA and gRNA targeting H2b-mCherry were introduced into fertilized eggs (E0.5), cultured in KSOM medium in vitro to the blastocyst stage (E4.5), and the nuclear mCherry fluorescence was examined.
- E0.5 fertilized eggs
- KSOM medium in vitro to the blastocyst stage
- the nuclear mCherry fluorescence was examined.
- electroporated with fertilized eggs at concentrations of 200 ng / ⁇ l Cas9 mRNA and 100 ng / ⁇ l mCherry gRNA, the mCherry fluorescence disappeared completely.
- Genome editing by electroporation using high concentrations of Cas9 mRNA 2000 ng / ⁇ l of Cas9 mRNA and 1000 ng / ⁇ l of gRNA were used to examine the electrical conditions to achieve genome editing.
- Cas9 mRNA and gRNA were introduced into E0.5 mouse fertilized eggs, cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage (E4.5), and the nuclear mCherry fluorescence was examined. The results are shown in FIG. In embryos that were not electroporated, mCherry fluorescence was seen in all blastomeres (FIG. 7a).
- 8a is a schematic diagram of a ssODN for inserting a target sequence and a 37 base loxP sequence and an EcoRI recognition site.
- the replaced allele loses function due to a stop codon in the loxP sequence and the nuclear mCherry fluorescence disappears.
- Substitution with ssODN was screened by EcoRI digestion and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism).
- FIG. 8b is a photograph of a representative electroporated embryo.
- FIG. 8c shows the results of RFLP analysis of the recovered embryos.
- the allele with the EcoRI recognition site inserted is cleaved into two bands (138 bps and 374 bps) by EcoRI.
- the uncleaved allele is 497 bps. Cleaved bands were observed in # 3, 6, 8, and 9 embryos. That is, of the embryos in which mCherry fluorescence disappeared, 4 were positive for EcoRI cleavage.
- the unexpected bands of # 1 and 7 indicate a long deletion of the target gene.
- FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of a target sequence and ssODN (SEQ ID NO: 8) for inserting an EcoRV recognition site.
- FIG. 9b shows the results of RFLP analysis of the recovered embryos. The allele with EcoRV inserted is cleaved into two bands (341 bps and 92 bps). The uncut allele is 431 bps. Cleaved bands were observed in # 2, 3, 5 and 6 embryos.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、Cas9タンパク質をコードするmRNA(Cas9 mRNA)を哺乳動物の受精卵にエレクトロポレーションにより導入する方法に関する。本発明は、また、上記方法を利用して、Cas9を発現する哺乳動物の受精卵を製造すること、哺乳動物の受精卵でゲノム編集を行うこと、ゲノム編集された哺乳動物の受精卵を作製すること、または、遺伝子改変動物を作製することに関する。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)下式(A)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(A) Rmin=882/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む方法を提供する。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)下式(A)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(A) Rmin=882/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む方法を提供する。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAおよびさらなる核酸分子を含む溶液並びに受精卵の混合物を置くこと、ここで、さらなる核酸分子は、crRNA(CRISPR RNA)およびtracrRNA(trans-activating CRISPR RNA)の組合せまたはgRNAである、
(b)下式(A)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(A) Rmin=882/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む方法を提供する。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAおよびさらなる核酸分子を含む溶液並びに受精卵の混合物を置くこと、ここで、さらなる核酸分子は、crRNAおよびtracrRNAの組合せまたはgRNAである、
(b)下式(A)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(A) Rmin=882/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む方法を提供する。
本発明で使用するエレクトロポレーターは、電気パルスの発生装置を意味し、本発明の段階(a)および(b)を実施できるものであればどのようなものでもよい。エレクトロポレーターは、例えば、BioRad社、BTX社、BEX社、Intracel社、Eppendorf社などから購入できる。
式(A) Rmin=882/c
本発明において、電圧を複数のパルスに分けてかける場合、各パルスの大きさは同じであっても、異なっていてもよい。
(c)下式(B)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(B) Rmin=441/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下、好ましくは540Vmsec以下であり、電圧は2回以上のパルスに分けてかけてもよい、
(d)式(B)により算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に段階(c)とは逆方向の電圧をかけること、ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下、好ましくは540Vmsec以下であり、電圧は2回以上のパルスに分けてかけてもよい、
の各段階を含み、
段階(c)および(d)で電圧を2回以上のパルスに分けてかける場合、一方向のパルスを連続してかけた後に逆方向のパルスをかけてもよく、各方向のパルスを交互にかけてもよく、各方向のパルスをランダムにかけてもよい。
段階(c)および(d)では、段階(b)に準じて、電圧および通電時間等の条件を決定し得る。
本発明において、「ゲノム編集」は、人工制限酵素を使用して哺乳動物細胞の1つまたはそれ以上の遺伝子を改変することを意味する。ゲノム編集により、対立遺伝子の一方または両方が改変される。本発明では、細菌由来のCRISPR/Cas系を使用してゲノム編集を行う。CRISPR/Cas系の詳細は、例えば、Wang, H. et al., Cell, 153, 910-918 (2013) および米国特許第8697359号に記載されており、これらの文献を引用により本明細書の一部とする。
野生型Cas9タンパク質は、RuvCおよびHNHの2つの機能的ヌクレアーゼドメインを有し、これらは各々、DNAの二本鎖の異なる鎖を切断する。これらのドメインの両方が活性である場合、Cas9タンパク質はゲノムDNAにDSB(二本鎖切断)を引き起こす。RuvCまたはHNHのいずれかの触媒活性のみを有するCas9タンパク質も開発されている。この場合、Cas9タンパク質は標的DNAのいずれかの鎖のみを切断する。例えば、スタフィロコッカス・ピオゲニス(Streptococcus pyogenes)由来のCas9タンパク質のRuvCドメインは、D10A変異により不活性化され、HNHドメインはH840A変異により不活性化される。
ゲノム編集には、標的特異的なgRNAが必要である。本発明において、「ガイドRNA」または「gRNA」は、crRNAとtracrRNAが融合した人工1本鎖RNAを意味する。crRNAとtracrRNAの間にリンカー配列が存在してもよい。Cas9タンパク質はgRNAの存在下で標的特異的にゲノムDNAに結合できる。
CRISPR/Cas系では、また、HDRを利用して、標的配列の特定のヌクレオチドを改変することもできる。HDRによりゲノムDNA配列内のヌクレオチドを改変するためには、HDRの際に、所望の配列を含むDNA修復鋳型が存在しなければならない。本発明のある実施態様では、DNA修復鋳型として、ssODN(一本鎖オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド)を用いることができる。ssODNは、DSBの上流および下流の配列に高い相同性を有する。各相同性領域の長さと位置は導入しようとする改変のサイズに依存する。適する鋳型の存在下で、HDRは、Cas9タンパク質によるDSBの部位で、特定のヌクレオチドを改変できる。ssODNを設計する際には、修復された遺伝子がCas9タンパク質により切断されないように、ssODNが、直後にPAM配列を有する標的配列を含まないように設計する。例えば、PAM配列に対応する配列をssODN中では別の配列にすることにより、ssODNがCas9タンパク質により切断されないようにできる。ssODNの設計方法の詳細は、例えば、引用により本明細書の一部とするYang, H. et al., Cell, 154(6), 1370-9 (2013) に記載されている。ssODNは、通常、gRNAおよびCas9 mRNAと共に細胞に導入される。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAおよびgRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNAおよびtracrRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、gRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAおよびgRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNAおよびtracrRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、gRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAおよびgRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNAおよびtracrRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、gRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAおよびgRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNAおよびtracrRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、gRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上の電圧を約15msec以上、または、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約9msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAおよびgRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNAおよびtracrRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、gRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約200ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNAおよびgRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNAおよびtracrRNAを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、gRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、約50ng/μl以上のCas9 mRNA、crRNA、tracrRNAおよびssODNを含む溶液および1細胞期の受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)電極間に、電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上の電圧を約21msec以上かけること、
ただし、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む。
[1]哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9タンパク質をコードするmRNA(Cas9 mRNA)を導入する方法であって、
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)下式(A)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(A) Rmin=882/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む、方法。
[3]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約25Vないし約35Vである、項目[1]または項目[2]に記載の方法。
[4]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vである、項目[1]ないし項目[3]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[5]mRNA濃度が約50ng/μlないし約1000ng/μlである、項目[1]ないし項目[4]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[6]mRNA濃度が約50ng/μlないし約200ng/μlである、項目[1]ないし項目[5]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[8]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上であり、通電時間が約36msec以上である、項目[7]に記載の方法。
[9]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上であり、通電時間が約21msec以上である、項目[7]に記載の方法。
[10]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40V以上であり、通電時間が約14msec以上である、項目[7]に記載の方法。
[11]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上であり、通電時間が約11msec以上である、項目[7]に記載の方法。
[13]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上であり、通電時間が約15msec以上である、項目[12]に記載の方法。
[14]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上であり、通電時間が約5msec以上である、項目[12]に記載の方法。
[15]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上であり、通電時間が約9msec以上である、項目[12]に記載の方法。
[16]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40V以上であり、通電時間が約3.8msec以上である、項目[12]に記載の方法。
[17]電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上であり、通電時間が約1.6msec以上である、項目[12]に記載の方法。
[19]電圧と総通電時間の積が、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下である、項目[1]ないし項目[18]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[20]電圧を2回ないし15回のパルスに分けてかける、項目[1]ないし項目[19]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[21]電圧を5回ないし11回のパルスに分けてかける、項目[1]ないし項目[20]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[22]パルス間に約10ないし約150msecの間隔を空ける、項目[20]または項目[21]に記載の方法。
[23]各パルスの方向が同じである、項目[20]ないし項目[22]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[24]少なくとも1つのパルスの方向が他のパルスと逆である、項目[20]ないし項目[22]のいずれかに記載の方法。
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(c)下式(B)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(B) Rmin=441/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下であり、電圧は2回以上のパルスに分けてかけてもよい、
(d)式(B)により算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に段階(c)とは逆方向の電圧をかけること、ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下であり、電圧は2回以上のパルスに分けてかけてもよい、
の各段階を含み、
段階(c)および(d)で電圧を2回以上のパルスに分けてかける場合、一方向のパルスを連続してかけた後に逆方向のパルスをかけてもよく、各方向のパルスを交互にかけてもよく、各方向のパルスをランダムにかけてもよい、
方法。
[27]受精卵が1細胞期のものである、項目[1]ないし項目[26]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[28]受精の約12時間後にエレクトロポレーションを実施する、項目[1]ないし項目[27]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[29]齧歯目の受精卵を使用する、項目[1]ないし項目[28]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[30]マウスの受精卵を使用する、項目[1]ないし項目[29]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[32]Cas9タンパク質が、RuvCヌクレアーゼ活性およびHNHヌクレアーゼ活性のいずれかまたは両方を有する、項目[1]ないし項目[31]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[33]Cas9タンパク質が配列番号1ないし配列番号4のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含む、項目[1]ないし項目[32]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[34]Cas9タンパク質が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む、項目[1]ないし項目[33]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[36]さらなる核酸分子がgRNAまたはcrRNAおよびtracrRNAの組合せである、項目[35]に記載の方法。
[37]さらなる核酸分子がgRNAである、項目[35]または項目[36]に記載の方法。
[38]溶液がssODNをさらに含む、項目[36]または項目[37]に記載の方法。
[39]エレクトロポレーションされた受精卵を培養し、受精卵の生存を確認する段階をさらに含む、項目[1]ないし項目[38]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[41]項目[35]ないし項目[38]のいずれかに記載の方法により、哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9 mRNAおよびさらなる核酸分子を導入することを含む、哺乳動物の受精卵でゲノム編集を行う方法。
[42]ゲノム編集が起こったことを確認する段階をさらに含む、項目[41]に記載の方法。
[43]項目[35]ないし項目[38]のいずれかに記載の方法により、哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9 mRNAおよびさらなる核酸分子を導入することを含む、ゲノム編集された哺乳動物の受精卵の作製方法。
[44]遺伝子改変動物の作製方法であって、項目[43]に記載の方法で得られる受精卵をレシピエント動物に移植することを含む、方法。
mRNAおよびgRNAの調製
pCS2-mCherryは、木下典行博士(基礎生物学研究所、日本)から譲り受けた。hCas9プラスミド(pX330)は、Addgene(ケンブリッジ、マサチューセッツ州、米国)から購入した。pX330から切り出したhCas9を、pSP64ベクター(Promega)のSP6プロモーターの下流につなぎ(pSP64-hCas9)、mRNA合成に使用した。pCS2-mCherryおよびpSP64-hCas9を、各々NotIおよびSalIにより直鎖状にした。直鎖状プラスミドを鋳型として、インビトロRNA転写キット(mMESSAGE mMACHINE SP6 Transcription Kit, Ambion, オースティン、テキサス州、米国)を使用して、mCherryおよびhCas9のmRNAを合成した。
ICR(日本クレア)またはB6D2F1(C57BL/6xDBA2F1)(日本SLC)のメスのマウスを使用した。ICR系統は主にエレクトロポレーション条件の決定に使用し、B6D2F1系統はゲノム編集に使用した。
同系統のオスと自然交配させたICRまたはB6D2F1のメスの卵管からE0.5(Eの後の数字は、受精後の日数を示す。E0.5は、腟栓を確認した日の暗期の中間点から12時間後である。)で受精卵を回収した。1%ヒアルロニダーゼ/M2培地(Sigma)でインキュベートすることにより、受精卵を覆っている卵丘細胞を除去した。H2b-mCherryを標的とするゲノム編集実験では、R26-H2b-mCherryのオス(RIKEN CDB、日本)と交配させたB6D2F1メスに由来する受精卵を使用した。回収した受精卵を、エレクトロポレーションに使用するまで、mWM培地(アーク・リソース、日本)またはKSOM培地(95mM NaCl、2.5mM KCl、0.35mM KH2PO4・7H2O、0.2mM MgSO4・7H2O、0.2mM グルコース、10mM 乳酸ナトリウム、25mM NaHCO3、0.2mM ピルビン酸ナトリウム、1.71mM CaCl2・2H2O、0.01mM Na2-EDTA・2H2O、1mM L-グルタミン、1mg/mlBSA)中で培養した。
白金ブロック電極(長さ:10mm、幅:3mm、高さ:0.5mm、ギャップ:1mm)(株式会社ベックス(以下、BEXと称する)、東京、日本)を外注して使用した(図2a)。CUY21EDIT II(BEX)またはCUY21 Vivo-SQ(BEX)に接続した電極を、実体顕微鏡上にセットした。mWM培地中で培養されている受精卵をOpti-MEM I(Life technologies)で3回洗浄し、血清含有培地を除去した。次いで、RNAを含有するOpti-MEM I溶液(5μl)で満たした電極のギャップに受精卵を並べ、エレクトロポレーションを行った。電気的条件は、特記しない限り、30V(3msecのパルス+97msecの間隔)×7回であった。エレクトロポレーションの後、すぐに受精卵を電極から回収し、M2培地で4回、mWM培地で2回洗浄した。次いで、受精卵を、mWM培地中、37℃で、5%CO2インキュベーター内で、2細胞期まで培養した。
mCherry蛍光のシグナル強度を、エレクトロポレーションの15時間後に測定した。ニプコー円板共焦点ユニットCSU-W1(横河電機、日本)を備えた Axio Observer.Z1 倒立顕微鏡(Zeiss、ドイツ)を使用した。蛍光シグナルは、EM-CCD カメラImageM(浜松ホトニクス、日本)により検出し、データはHCイメージソフトウェアならびにNIH ImageJ(http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/)で分析した。測定される蛍光強度は、蛍光シグナルの取得および解析の条件に依存する相対値であり、条件が全て一致する場合にのみ比較可能である。
Cas9 mRNAおよび、Fgf10またはH2b-mCherryを標的とするgRNAを、上記の通り、B6D2F1のメスから回収した受精卵に、E0.5でエレクトロポレーションにより導入した。HDRによるノックインの研究には、Cas9 mRNAおよびgRNAと共にssODNを導入した。H2b-mCherry用のssODNの配列は、以下の通りである;5’-AGTTCATGCGCTTCAAGGTGCACATGGAGGGCTCCGTGAATTCATAACTTCGTATAGCATACATTATACGAAGTTATCGAGGGCGAGGGCCGCCCCTACGAGGGCACCCAGACCGCC-3’(配列番号7)、および、5’-CGTGAACGGCCACGAGTTCGAGATATCGAGGGCGAGGGCGAGGGCCGCCC-3’(配列番号8)。生存している2細胞期の胚を、偽妊娠マウスの卵管に、膣栓が生じた日に移植した。あるいは、胚をインビトロで胚盤胞期(E4.5)まで培養した。
透明帯を酸で処理せずにマウス受精卵にmRNAを導入するためのエレクトロポレーションの条件を調べた。図2aに示すエレクトロポレーションシステムを用意した。ギャップ距離1mm、長さ10mm、幅3mm、高さ0.5mmであり、電極間に5μlの溶液を保持できる白金ブロック電極(図2c)を実体顕微鏡(図2a左)にセットし、エレクトロポレーター(CUY21EDIT II)(図2a右)に連結した。このシステムを使用して、約40個~50個の受精卵を同時に処理できる。エレクトロポレーションに先立ち、マウスの受精卵を手技により一列に並べた。インビトロで転写した400ng/μlのmCherry mRNAをエレクトロポレーションにより受精卵に導入し、mCherryの蛍光強度および胚盤胞期までの胚の生存率をモニタリングすることにより、mRNA導入の効率を評価した。図2aは、この実験で使用したエレクトロポレーション装置の写真である。図2bは、図2aの四角で囲んだ部分の拡大図である。図2cは、白金ブロック電極の模式図である。受精卵は、電極間のギャップ中のmRNA溶液中に置かれている。図2dは、電極間のギャップに置かれた受精卵の顕微鏡像である。図2eは、マウスの受精卵にmRNAを導入するためのエレクトロポレーション条件の模式図であり、10Vないし50V、3msecのスクエアパルスを、97msecの間隔で、3回ないし11回反復することを示す。
20V R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×t
30V R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×t
40V R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×t
50V R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×t
実施例1と同様に、E0.5の受精卵にエレクトロポレーションによりmCherry mRNAを導入した。電圧およびパルス時間を30Vおよび3msecに固定し、パルスの反復回数および電圧の方向を図5cに示す通りに変化させた。図5において、×6は、一方向から6回のパルスを与えたことを示す。×+3-3は、一方向から3回のパルスを与え、続いて逆方向から3回のパルスを与えたことを示す。×alt±3は、両方向からのパルスを交互に3回ずつ与えたことを示す。×+6-6および×alt±6も同様である。mCherryの蛍光強度は、電圧の方向に拘わらず、パルスの回数に伴って増加した(図5a)。胚盤胞期までの生存率はいずれも高く(図5b)、特に、×+6-6および×alt±6で、一方向から12回のパルスを与えた場合に比べて高かった。
上記のエレクトロポレーション条件をCRISPR/Cas9によるゲノム編集に利用できるか否かを調べた。
表1:エレクトロポレーションされた胚の生存率
表2:エレクトロポレーションされた胚の形態異常
表3:Fgf10変異体の配列分析
Rosa26遺伝子座にHiston2b(H2b)-mCherry遺伝子を有する受精卵(引用により本明細書の一部とするAbe et al., Genesis 49, 579-590 (2011))をエレクトロポレーションに使用した。この受精卵から発生した胚では、Rosa26プロモーターの制御下でH2b-mCherryが遍在性に発現され、mCherry蛍光が4~8細胞期の全ての核で観察される。H2b-mCherryを標的とするゲノム編集が起こり、遺伝子が破壊されると、mCherry蛍光は消失する。
実施例4と同様の実験により、2000ng/μlのCas9 mRNAおよび1000ng/μlのgRNAを使用し、ゲノム編集を達成する電気条件を調べた。Cas9 mRNAおよびgRNAをE0.5のマウス受精卵に導入し、インビトロで胚盤胞期(E4.5)まで培養し、核のmCherry蛍光を調べた。結果を図7に示す。エレクトロポレーションを行わなかった胚では全ての割球でmCherryの蛍光が見られた(図7a)。30V、0.05msec×2回では、一部の割球でmCherryの蛍光が消失し、30V、0.10msec×2回では、全ての割球でmCherryの蛍光が消失した(図7b)。20V、0.05msec×2回では、全ての割球でmCherryの蛍光が残り、20V、0.20msec×2回では、一部の割球でmCherryの蛍光が消失し(矢頭)、20V、1.00msec×2回では、全ての割球でmCherryの蛍光が消失した(図7c)。
実施例4と同様の実験により、200ng/μlのCas9 mRNAおよび100ng/μlのgRNAを使用して、ゲノム編集を達成するエレクトロポレーションの条件を検討した。様々な電圧(20~50V)およびパルスの時間(6~33msec)のエレクトロポレーションにより、E0.5の受精卵5~12個に同時に、Cas9 mRNAおよびgRNAを導入した。表3に示すエレクトロポレーション条件により、E4.5の時点でmCherryの蛍光が消失している割球が観察され、ゲノム編集が起こったことが示された。
表4:ゲノム編集を達成するエレクトロポレーション条件
エレクトロポレーションによりssODNをマウスの受精卵に導入でき、HDRによるノックイン対立遺伝子を生成できるか否かを調べた。loxPおよびEcoRI認識配列(37塩基)の両側に隣接する40塩基長の相同領域を有する117塩基のssODN(配列番号7)を使用した。Cas9 mRNA、mCherry遺伝子を標的とするgRNAおよびssODNを、実施例4で使用したものと同様のH2b-mCherry遺伝子を有する受精卵にエレクトロポレーションした。胚を2細胞期まで発生させ、偽妊娠のメスに移植した。図8aは、標的配列および、37塩基のloxP配列およびEcoRI認識部位を挿入するためのssODNの模式図である。置き換えられた対立遺伝子は、loxP配列中の停止コドンにより機能を失い、核のmCherry蛍光は消失する。ssODNによる置換を、EcoRI切断およびRFLP(制限断片長多型)によりスクリーニングした。
表5:HDRによるloxPおよびEcoRI部位ノックイン胚の配列分析
表6:HDRによるEcoRV部位ノックイン胚の配列分析
Claims (21)
- 哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9タンパク質をコードするmRNA(Cas9 mRNA)を導入する方法であって、
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(b)下式(A)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(A) Rmin=882/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約990Vmsec以下である、
の各段階を含む、方法。 - 電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約25Vないし約35Vである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- Cas9 mRNA濃度が約50ng/μl以上であり、電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上であり、通電時間が約36msec以上である、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Cas9 mRNA濃度が約50ng/μl以上であり、電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上であり、通電時間が約21msec以上である、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Cas9 mRNA濃度が約200ng/μl以上であり、電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20V以上であり、通電時間が約15msec以上である、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Cas9 mRNA濃度が約200ng/μl以上であり、電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30V以上であり、通電時間が約5msec以上である、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9 mRNAを導入する方法であって、
(a)エレクトロポレーション用電極の間に、Cas9 mRNAを含む溶液および受精卵の混合物を置くこと、
(c)下式(B)によりCas9 mRNA濃度c(ng/μl)から算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に電圧をかけること、
式(B) Rmin=441/c
ただし、mRNA導入効率(R)は、通電時間t(msec)から、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約30Vのとき、式(I)R=0.0005×t3-0.0057×t2+0.2847×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約30Vないし約40Vのとき、式(II)R=0.0015×t3-0.0191×t2+0.9489×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約40Vないし約50Vのとき、式(III)R=0.0005×t3+0.0508×t2+0.9922×tにより、
電圧が電極間距離1mm当たり約50V以上のとき、式(IV)R=0.0078×t3-0.1414×t2+3.0103×tにより、算出される値である、
ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下であり、電圧は2回以上のパルスに分けてかけてもよい、
(d)式(B)により算出される最低mRNA導入効率(Rmin)以上のmRNA導入効率(R)を達成する電圧と通電時間で、電極間に段階(c)とは逆方向の電圧をかけること、ただし、電圧は電極間距離1mm当たり約20Vないし約55Vであり、電圧と通電時間の積は、電極間距離1mm当たり約630Vmsec以下であり、電圧は2回以上のパルスに分けてかけてもよい、
の各段階を含み、
段階(c)および(d)で電圧を2回以上のパルスに分けてかける場合、一方向のパルスを連続してかけた後に逆方向のパルスをかけてもよく、各方向のパルスを交互にかけてもよく、各方向のパルスをランダムにかけてもよい、
方法。 - 齧歯目の受精卵を使用する、請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- マウスの受精卵を使用する、請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Cas9タンパク質が、配列番号1ないし配列番号4のいずれかのアミノ酸配列に約90%以上の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ、gRNA依存的にDNAに結合するタンパク質である、請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Cas9タンパク質が、RuvCヌクレアーゼ活性およびHNHヌクレアーゼ活性のいずれかまたは両方を有する、請求項1ないし請求項11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Cas9タンパク質が配列番号1ないし配列番号4のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1ないし請求項12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Cas9タンパク質が配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1ないし請求項13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 溶液が1種またはそれ以上のさらなる核酸分子を含み、該核酸分子がgRNAまたはcrRNAおよびtracrRNAの組合せであり、該核酸分子がCas9 mRNAと共に受精卵に導入される、請求項1ないし請求項14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- さらなる核酸分子がgRNAである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 溶液が一本鎖オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド(ssODN)をさらに含む、請求項15または請求項16に記載の方法。
- 請求項1ないし請求項17のいずれかに記載の方法により、哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9 mRNAを導入することを含む、Cas9を発現する哺乳動物の受精卵の製造方法。
- 請求項15ないし請求項17のいずれかに記載の方法により、哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9 mRNAおよびさらなる核酸分子を導入することを含む、哺乳動物の受精卵でゲノム編集を行う方法。
- 請求項15ないし請求項17のいずれかに記載の方法により、哺乳動物の受精卵にCas9 mRNAおよびさらなる核酸分子を導入することを含む、ゲノム編集された哺乳動物の受精卵の作製方法。
- 遺伝子改変動物の作製方法であって、請求項20に記載の方法で得られる受精卵をレシピエント動物に移植することを含む、方法。
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| JP2017500735A JP6354100B2 (ja) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-02-18 | Cas9 mRNAを哺乳動物の受精卵にエレクトロポレーションにより導入する方法 |
| US15/551,791 US20180064073A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-02-18 | Method for Transferring Cas9 mRNA Into Mammalian Fertilized Egg by Electroporation |
| CN201680010946.3A CN107406846A (zh) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-02-18 | 通过电穿孔将Cas9 mRNA导入到哺乳动物的受精卵的方法 |
| EP16752551.8A EP3260539B1 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-02-18 | Method for transferring cas9 mrna into mammalian fertilized egg by electroporation |
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| JP2015031006 | 2015-02-19 | ||
| JP2015-031006 | 2015-02-19 |
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| US (1) | US20180064073A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3260539B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6354100B2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2016133165A1 (ja) |
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| JPWO2018030208A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-06-06 | 国立大学法人 東京医科歯科大学 | 遺伝子ノックイン細胞の作製方法 |
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| US10508298B2 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2019-12-17 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods for identifying a target site of a CAS9 nuclease |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3260539A1 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
| EP3260539B1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
| US20180064073A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
| JPWO2016133165A1 (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
| CN107406846A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
| EP3260539A4 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
| JP6354100B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
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