WO2016180362A1 - Cutting and breaking device for homogenizing and refining metallic melts and rheological forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a cutting and breaking device for homogenizing and refining metallic melts, comprising a cutting blade mechanism, a stirring cavity (8), a liquid level protection cover (3) or an upper blocking port (24), a coupler (4), an additive mechanism (41) and an electric motor (6). The cutting disk mechanism provided in an axial direction of the stirring cavity (8) comprises a cutting blade (1) and a rotating shaft (2), and the cutting blade (1) is mounted on the rotating shaft (2); the rotating shaft (2) and the electric motor (6) are connected via the coupler (4); the liquid level protection cover (3) or the upper blocking port (24) is provided below or above a melt liquid level (10) inside the stirring cavity (8). The cutting blade (1) is a type of knife, having a sharp rotating front end, and an inclined, plane or curved side surface. The device may further comprise a movable rail (7) or a lifting platform. The rotating shaft can also reciprocate up and down in the axial direction while driving the cutting blade to rotate at a high speed inside the stirring cavity, and is able to generate a "controllable turbulence" as well as a "cutting and breaking effect", such that all solute inside the melts is highly dispersed and homogenized, thereby obtaining a homogenized, fine and excellently compacted casting solidification structure. Further disclosed is a cutting, breaking and rheological forming method for homogenizing and refining metallic melts.

Description

Cutting and breaking device for metal melt refining treatment and flow forming method Technical field

The invention relates to a cutting and breaking treatment device for metal melt homogenization and refinement and a flow forming method, in particular to a method for highly dispersing and homogenizing a metal melt and its additives, or a metal half The special device and method for preparing solid slurry belong to the field of metal material thermal processing such as metallurgy and casting.

Background technique

In the field of metallurgy, casting and other metal materials thermal processing, various "stirring" treatments (such as semi-solid metal paste or composite preparation, electromagnetic stirring, mechanical stirring, etc.) have been applied to the metal melt for melting. The temperature and composition of the physical energy are uniformed at a certain scale, thereby increasing the number of effective nucleation in the solidification process, reducing the supercooling of the components at the front of the crystal interface, and suppressing the rapid growth of the crystal development, and the crystal becomes a fine equiaxed. Crystal structure. Although the current mechanism of metal agitation solidification has the above-mentioned "crystallization inhibition" theory and other explanations such as "dendritic fracture" theory, most people believe that the usual "stirring" strength cannot reach the degree of breaking dendrites, the melt The tiny solid phase, scale and other substances inside can only be "folded" or "blown" when stirred. Then, whether it is possible to invent an easy-to-use device and method can effectively promote the dissolution of the components of the alloy or the homogenization of the phases, and jointly carry out the two substrates crystallization mechanism of "suppression" and "breaking" to carry out high efficiency and high quality. What is the homogenization of the casting melt? This is the problem to be solved by the "cutting and breaking" apparatus and method of the present invention.

The traditional metal melt processing methods are based on the concept of "stirring", which causes the metal melt to violently tumbling and cause defects in the coiling slag. The high speed rotating cutting piece always induces a large or small disturbance in the melt, and the present invention seeks to improve the metal melt homogenizing cutting blade device to produce a "cutting break" in the metal melt. The effect is also due to the extremely small resistance of the rotary motion, which greatly eliminates the tumbling phenomenon of the molten metal surface and improves the homogenization treatment effect and quality of the metal melt.

Summary of the invention

In order to exert various mechanism advantages and realize the requirement of simple, high-efficiency, high-quality and harmless homogenization of the metal melt, the present invention has developed a "cutting and breaking" device and method for the metal melt and its composite material.

a cutting and breaking device for refining metal melt, the device is mainly composed of a cutting piece mechanism, a stirring chamber, a liquid surface protection cover or an upper stop, a coupling, an additive mechanism and a motor; The cutting blade mechanism mainly comprises a rotating shaft and a cutting piece, the cutting piece is mounted on the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is connected with the motor through a coupling; the cutting piece mechanism is arranged on the shaft of the stirring chamber In the direction, the metal melt is subjected to a cutting and breaking refining treatment; the liquid level protective cover or the upper barrier is disposed above or below the molten metal level in the stirring chamber to prevent liquid level fluctuation and Winding.

In this device, the rotating shaft is moved up and down by the positive and negative interaction of the motor.

The device may further include a moving rail, the motor is mounted on a lifting mechanism that can move up and down, such as a moving rail; the motor can perform one-way (forward or reverse) rotation, or perform positive and negative interaction transformation. Turn.

The apparatus may further include a lifting platform, the stirring chamber being placed on the lifting platform; the motor may perform one-way (forward or reverse) rotation, or perform positive and negative interactive transformation rotation.

The rotating shaft can be rotated in the forward or reverse direction in various ways; the cutting blade mechanism can reciprocate up and down in the axial direction with respect to the stirring chamber.

The cutting piece is like a knife type, the rotating front end is sharp, the side surface is inclined, horizontal or curved, and the cutting piece A-A cross section may be rectangular, triangular, diamond, round, round, and the like.

The cutting pieces may be two or more, and the cutting pieces are arranged on one or several rotating faces.

Preferably, the cutting pieces are two, the shape is a knife shape, the rotating front end is sharp, the lower side is a horizontal plane, the upper side is a sloped surface, and the cutting piece is arranged on one rotating surface, and is circumferentially symmetric along the rotating axis. distributed. The cutting blade can also have a bi-directional sharp rotating front end.

The plurality of cutting pieces are arranged in layers on one or several rotating surfaces, between two adjacent cutting pieces (upper cutting piece and lower cutting piece), or left cutting piece and right cutting of the same layer. Between the sheets (on both sides of the rotating shaft), the inclined surfaces of the rotating front end sides are arranged in opposite symmetry with each other.

Preferably, the cutting piece is two layers, and the two-layer cutting piece is rotationally symmetrically distributed along the rotating axis, between the upper cutting piece and the lower cutting piece, or between the lower left cutting piece and the right cutting piece of the lower layer, and the rotating front end thereof The beveled faces of the sides are arranged in opposite symmetry with each other.

Preferably, the rotating front end of the cutting piece is relatively sharp, and the thickness of the rotating front end is ≤5 mm.

Preferably, the cutting pieces are rotationally symmetrically distributed along the axis of rotation.

The dicing sheet device can utilize the reciprocal "convection" of the melt itself to suppress the tumbling of the molten metal surface while avoiding the entrainment of the slag.

The liquid level protection cover may be a positioning type or a movable buoyancy chamber type, and the middle portion is provided with a narrowing assembly hole, and the assembly hole may be used for connecting the upper and lower melts of the protection cover.

Preferably, the liquid level protection cover is in a flat or inverted "U" shape, and the liquid level protection cover is submerged under the metal liquid surface or fixed on the inner wall of the stirring chamber.

In order to solve the problem of melt oxidation and gas slag caused by the undulating liquid level when the molten melt is subjected to agitation, the present invention provides a movable buoyancy tank type liquid level protective cover placed in a metal melt container. The utility model is composed of a buoyancy chamber, a vertical plate, a fitting hole and a retaining ring. The vertical plate is vertically connected to one side or both sides of the buoyancy chamber, and an assembly hole is arranged on the buoyancy chamber. The top view shape of the buoyancy chamber is the same as the inner wall contour of the metal melt container, and the gap between the outer edge of the device and the inner wall of the metal melt container is less than 5 mm.

Further, the buoyancy chamber is a closed cavity filled with a refractory insulation material.

The buoyancy chamber is filled with a refractory insulating material in the middle of the closed cavity, so that the overall density of the device is ≤ metal melt density, so that the device is automatically suspended on the upper surface of the molten metal.

Further, the risers intersect each other to form a grid-like stabilizing structure, while also forming a plurality of closed spaces to prevent disturbances in the melt from being transmitted to adjacent melts. The retaining ring is disposed on the outer circumference of the buoyancy chamber and the fitting hole to further prevent melt disturbance transmission.

In the case of omitting the buoyancy chamber, each riser itself can be designed in a sandwiched configuration to provide the buoyancy required for the device to be suspended.

In the present invention, the upper retaining port has a certain thickness or depth, so that the liquid surface of the metal melt is maintained in the upper retaining port; the opening shape of the upper retaining port matches the shape of the cutting blade mechanism, so that the melt is cut. The sheet mechanism is free to enter and exit the stirring chamber in the axial direction.

At the same time, the present invention is improved in terms of the configuration of the melt vessel agitation chamber to prevent the liquid surface from rolling and preventing oxidation when the metal melt is stirred.

A stirring chamber for stirring a metal melt, the stirring chamber is constructed by a melt container, a stirring chamber, an upper stop, an upper blocking rib, a lower blocking rib, a lower bottom, a temperature sensor, and a liquid take-up / pouring gate composition, the upper part of the stirring chamber is a narrow upper mouth, one end of the upper port is equipped with a temperature sensor, and the other end is a liquid take-up or pouring port; in addition, the inner wall of the melt vessel above and below the stirring chamber, The upper block ribs and the lower block ribs of the rib-like protrusions are respectively provided, and the lower block ribs are also formed on the lower bottom of the melt container.

The metal melt agitation chamber is used in various applications requiring metal melt agitation casting including:

1) When used in batch casting, it becomes the inner cavity structure of the pouring spoon. When using, firstly, the quantitative metal liquid is taken from the liquid intake port of the upper retaining port to keep the liquid surface in the upper retaining port; The sheet mechanism is automatically rotated to a direction matching the shape of the upper opening, and then the cutting blade mechanism and the quantitative length of the refiner filament or the quantitative weight of the refiner scrap are automatically inserted from the upper stopper, and the stirring chamber is placed in the stirring chamber Internally, the metal melt and the fast-melting refiner are strongly homogenized, or the refiner wire itself acts as a cutting blade mechanism for stirring. When the stirring temperature drops to the set temperature, the stirring is stopped, from the upper block. The cutting piece mechanism and the remaining additive wire are taken out from the mouth, and then quickly transferred and poured into a spoon for casting.

2) For continuous casting, it is the internal cavity structure of the hot top above the crystallizer. The bottom of the stirring chamber is directly connected to the continuous casting mold without using the bottom. In use, the molten metal flows from the liquid inlet of the upper stop. Stir the cavity and keep the liquid surface stable in the upper retaining port; when the melt temperature reaches the set stirring temperature, the cutting blade mechanism and the refiner filament are automatically inserted from the upper retaining port, and the molten metal is in the stirring cavity. Stirring is carried out or the refiner wire itself acts as a cutting blade mechanism for agitation. At the same time, the mobile starter starts to be continuously cast, and continuous liquid supply, continuous supply and continuous stirring are carried out until the end of continuous casting, and the stirring is stopped; finally, the cutting piece mechanism is taken out from the upper stop to realize the casting site at the die casting, continuous casting, etc. Melt agitation treatment - chemical refinement - fully automatic casting process Chemical.

The cutting and breaking device further comprises a thermocouple, the thermocouple is disposed in the stirring chamber, and preferably, the thermocouple passes through a fitting hole on the liquid surface protection cover or the upper barrier, or through the liquid surface protection cover Or the gap between the upper stop and the inner wall of the stirring chamber is placed in the metal melt to monitor the temperature of the metal melt in real time.

In the cutting and breaking device, the additive mechanism is disposed above the stirring chamber.

The invention can realize the up and down movement of the cutting piece mechanism relative to the stirring cavity by various means, for example, by the forward and reverse interaction of the motor, or the motor moving up and down along the moving rail, or the lifting and lowering of the lifting platform, realizing the rotating axis relative to The metal melt agitating chamber moves up and down, so that the motor can drive the rotating shaft to rotate the cutting piece at a high speed in the stirring chamber while driving them to reciprocate up and down relative to the stirring chamber in the axial direction. A coupling is placed above the molten metal level to quickly connect and separate the motor components, and the melt in the cavity is transferred for casting.

The device mechanism is very simple, the model size of the device matches the size of the melt cavity, without any complicated mechanical structure or electromagnetic stirring coil that increases the technical cost.

A cutting break and flow forming method for refining a metal melt for homogenizing a metal melt prior to casting, comprising the steps of:

1 preheating the additives required for the metal melt;

2 In the metal melt to be cast in the stirring chamber, the preheating additive is added in proportion to the homogenization, and the homogenization treatment of the cutting and breaking is performed; or the preheating additive is continuously added according to the flow rate ratio, and the continuous cutting is simultaneously performed. Disperse homogenization treatment;

3 When the melt is subjected to the cutting and breaking treatment, the cutting blade mechanism reciprocates up and down in the axial direction relative to the stirring chamber while rotating at a high speed in the stirring chamber, by the high-speed rotation of the cutting piece and the up-and-down movement with respect to the stirring chamber, Controllable multi-directional turbulence without liquid level tumbling in the melt, while directly cutting, breaking or dispersing tiny solid phases, second phases, oxides and inclusions in the melt, so that the metal melt before casting All solutes or additives in the interior are highly dispersed and homogenized;

4 For batch casting such as die casting, melt processing for a few seconds or when the metal melt temperature is lowered to reach the casting temperature (T- _casting ), the cutting and breaking uniformization treatment is stopped, and the cutting blade mechanism is lifted out of the liquid surface (or separate coupling) ()) quickly transfer the stirring chamber (spray) and cast a highly homogenized metal melt (T _poured ≥ T _L ) or semi-solid slurry (T _S < T _poured < T _L ); for continuous casting, The homogenization treatment of the metal melt cutting and breaking is continuous operation in the hot top until the end of the continuous casting process, the cutting piece mechanism stops and rises out of the hot top, thereby obtaining a uniform fine, excellent and compact casting solidification structure.

In the step 1, the additive is an element or an intermediate alloy such as a refiner, a modifier, an alloy or a composite material, and the preheating temperature of the additive is 50 ° C to T _RL + 50 ° C, and the T _RL is an additive liquid. Phase line temperature.

In step 2, for continuous casting, the metal melt in the cavity is continuously flowed, the additive is continuously supplied in a flow ratio, and the homogenization treatment of cutting and breaking is also continuous operation; for batch casting (for example, die casting), the cavity Inside is a quantitative metal melt, the additive is "real time" dosing.

For the case of batch casting such as die casting, the stirring chamber is a casting spoon; for continuous casting, the stirring chamber is a hot top above the crystallizer.

In step 3, when the cutting is broken, the rotating shaft can be rotated in one direction, or can be rotated in positive and negative interactions, such as clockwise rotation when rising, counterclockwise rotation when falling, or counterclockwise rotation when rising. Rotate clockwise.

The up and down movement of the rotating shaft is realized by the positive and negative alternating transformation of the motor, or the motor moves up and down along the moving rail to move the rotating shaft up and down, or the lifting chamber is moved up and down by the lifting of the lifting platform to realize the rotating shaft and the cutting piece along the shaft. Reciprocating up and down relative to the melt in the agitating chamber.

A liquid level protective cover is installed above or below the molten metal level in the stirring chamber, and the liquid level protective cover has a mounting hole for connecting the upper and lower melts of the protective cover.

In step 4, the casting temperature T is _poured : T _S < T _poured <T _L + 50 ° C, and T _S and T _L are metal solid and liquidus temperatures, respectively. A coupling can be used between the motor and the rotating shaft to achieve quick connection and separation between the motor and the rotating shaft; in this case, the coupling needs to be separated to quickly transfer the stirring chamber mechanism (including leaving the coupling) All parts, such as the rotating shaft and the cutting piece, are cast.

The flow forming technique can obtain a uniform fine, excellent and compact casting solidification structure.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a cutting and breaking device and a method of using a metal melt.

2 is a top plan view of the cutting blade mechanism in the stirring chamber.

Figure 3-1 to Figure 3-6 are respectively a schematic view of the geometry of the section AA of the cutting piece of Figure 1, wherein Figure 3-1: rectangle; Figure 3-2: right triangle; Figure 3-3: diamond; Figure 3 -4: Square; Figure 3-5: Triangle; Figure 3-6: Round.

4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a two-layer cutting blade device for homogenizing a metal melt according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a bottom plan view of the two-layer cutting blade device of the metal melt homogenization treatment.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the active buoyancy tank type liquid level cover.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the shape of the narrowed upper stopper and the inner wall of the stirring chamber.

Figure 8 is a top plan view of a metal melt container and a stirring chamber.

Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of the metal melt vessel and the stirring chamber of Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of the metal melt vessel and the stirring chamber of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of the metal melt vessel and the stirring chamber of Figure 9.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the working process and principle of the metal melt cutting and breaking treatment method.

The main reference signs indicate:

1 cutting piece 2 rotating shaft

3 liquid level cover 4 coupling

5 thermocouple 6 motor

7 moving rail 8 mixing chamber

9 assembly hole 10 level

11 upper cutting piece 12 left cutting piece of lower cutting piece

13 Right cutting piece of the lower cutting piece

21 buoyancy module 22 vertical plate

23 retaining ring 24 upper retaining ring

31 melt capacity 32 upper ribs

33 lower block ribs 34 lower bottom

35 liquid take / sprue

41 Feeding mechanism 42 Additive wire

detailed description

The present invention provides a cutting and breaking device and method for metal melt homogenization treatment, and the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a schematic diagram of the main structure and use method of the device of the present invention. The device mainly comprises a cutting blade mechanism, a stirring chamber 8 , a liquid level protective cover 3 or an upper blocking port 24 , a coupling 4 , a thermocouple 5 , The motor 6, the wire feeding mechanism 41 (or called an additive mechanism), and the lifting mechanism such as the moving rail 7 are composed of several parts. The cutting blade mechanism mainly comprises a cutting piece 1 and a rotating shaft 2, and the cutting piece 1 is arranged and mounted on the rotating shaft 2, and the rotating shaft 2 and the motor 6 are connected by a coupling 4, that is, one end of the coupling 4 and the rotating shaft 2 Connected, the other end is connected to the motor 6, the motor 6 is mounted on the movable rail 7 which can be moved up and down, and can move up and down along the moving rail 7, and the cutting piece 1 and the rotating shaft 2 are disposed in the stirring chamber 8 of the metal melt. In the axial direction, the cutting blade mechanism can be moved up and down. When the metal melt is processed, it descends into the stirring chamber 8; when the work is completed, it rises out of the stirring chamber 8. The liquid level protective cover 3 or the upper retaining port 24 is placed under the metal level 10 in the stirring chamber 8, and the liquid level protective cover 3 is provided with a mounting hole 9 for connecting the upper and lower metal melting of the liquid level protective cover 3. The thermocouple 5 is placed in the metal melt through the fitting hole 9 or the gap between the liquid level shield 3 and the inner wall of the stirring chamber 8 for measuring the temperature of the metal melt.

The motor 6 component can be moved up and down along the moving rail 7, so that the motor 6 can drive the upper and lower reciprocating motions while driving the rotating shaft 2 to rotate at a high speed, and the rotating shaft 2 can drive the cutting blade 1 in the stirring chamber 8. It can also reciprocate up and down in the axial direction while rotating at high speed. Above the metal level 10 of the rotating shaft 2, a coupling 4 can be added to quickly connect and separate the components of the motor 6, transferring the melt in the agitating chamber 8 for casting. The function of the coupling 4 is to achieve a quick connection or separation of the device configuration with the output shaft of the rotating electrical machine.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the vertical movement of the rotating shaft 2 relative to the stirring chamber 8 can be realized directly by the forward and reverse interaction of the motor 6, or the lifting chamber 8 can be placed on the lifting platform by using a lifting platform. The up-and-down reciprocating movement of the stirring chamber 8 relative to the rotating shaft 2 is realized by the lifting and lowering of the lifting platform, so that the motor 6 can also drive the rotating shaft 2 to rotate the cutting piece 1 at a high speed in the stirring chamber 8 while driving them in the axial direction. Reciprocating up and down in the stirring chamber 8.

As shown in Fig. 1, the cutting piece 1 resembles a knife type (see A-A direction): its rotating front end is sharp (or tapered), and the side surface is beveled, horizontal or curved. In the case where the rotary shaft 2 is required to perform forward and reverse cross-change rotation, the used cutting blade 1 has a bidirectional sharp rotary front end as shown in Figs. The rotary shaft 2 performs forward and reverse cross-change rotation, for example, clockwise rotation when rising, counterclockwise rotation when descending, or counterclockwise rotation when rising, and clockwise rotation when falling.

The cross section of the cutting piece A-A may be a rectangle, a triangle, a diamond, a circle, or the like, as shown in FIGS. 3-1 to 3-6. A plurality of cutting sheets 1 are arranged on one or several rotating faces.

The dicing sheet of the present invention may be layered on one or several rotating faces, between two adjacent dicing sheets (upper dicing sheet and lower dicing sheet), or the same layer of left and right dicing sheets (located Between the two sides of the rotating shaft, the direction of the slope of the side of the rotating front end may be arranged in reverse symmetry with each other.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the upper cutting blade 11 is mounted at the upper middle position of the rotary shaft 2, the lower cutting blade is mounted at the lower position of the rotary shaft 2, the rotary shaft 2 is coupled to the coupling 4, and the upper cutting blade 11 is The left cutting piece 12 of the lower cutting piece, the right cutting piece 13 of the lower cutting piece, the liquid level protective cover 3 and the rotating shaft 2 are both placed in the stirring chamber 8 of the metal melt, the upper cutting piece 11 and the left cutting of the lower cutting piece The sheet 12 and the right cutting piece 13 of the lower cutting piece are both knife-shaped, and the side of the rotating front end is a sloped surface.

The model size of the dicing sheet device of the present invention matches the size of the melt agitation chamber 8.

The rotating front end of the cutting piece is relatively sharp, the thickness of the rotating front end is ≤ 5 mm, and the side surface is flat, inclined or curved. The cutting piece has a sharp or narrow rotating front end, which can fully exert the function of “cutting and breaking” when rotating at high speed in the metal melt, and the high-strength shear force generated directly cuts and breaks all the melt. The tiny solid phase, the second phase, the oxide, the inclusions and even the molecules are arranged in an orderly manner, and the rotational motion resistance of the geometric structure is extremely small, which can greatly reduce the liquid surface tumbling phenomenon. In particular, in some applications, if the thickness of the cutting piece is very thin, the upper and lower sides of the cutting piece may be flat (no bevel or curved surface).

The two-layer cutting piece of the invention is rotationally symmetrically distributed along the rotation axis, and the slope direction of the side surface of the cutting piece is It is desirable to design between the layers or between the left and right portions in the same layer to be arranged in opposite symmetry with each other. That is to say: the upper cutting piece 11 (see FIG. 4A-A direction, the direction of the inclined side of the rotating front end side is downward) and the lower cutting piece (see FIG. 4B-B direction, the direction of the inclined side of the rotating front end is upward), The left cutting piece 12 of the lower cutting piece (see FIG. 4C-C direction, the direction of the inclined side of the rotating front end side is downward) and the right cutting piece 13 (see FIG. 4B-B direction, the direction of the inclined side of the rotating front end side is upward) They can be arranged in reverse symmetry with each other as needed.

Between the layers, the slope direction of the rotating front end side of the lower cutting piece is upward (BB direction), and at the high speed rotation, a pushing force against the molten metal is generated; and the inclined direction of the rotating front end side of the upper cutting piece 11 is downward. (AA direction), while generating another downward force on the molten metal. These two opposing forces cause the interior of the molten metal to violently circulate up and down, and greatly suppress the tumbling of the molten metal surface. Similarly, the reverse symmetrical arrangement of the side slopes is also performed between the lower left cutting piece 12 and the lower right cutting piece 13, which can further enhance the circulating turbulence inside the melt and suppress the liquid level tumbling. The strong turbulent circulation inside the melt can significantly increase the homogenization treatment effect of the melt; while the weak liquid level tumbling effectively eliminates the metal coiled slag.

Therefore, the dicing sheet device of the present invention can utilize the reciprocal "convection" of the melt itself to suppress the metal surface tumbling and avoid the slag slag, and can be widely applied to continuous casting, while efficiently cutting and processing the metal melt as a whole. Various metal casting occasions such as die casting, forging casting, and batch molding.

The liquid level cover 3 is provided with a fitting hole 9 which can be used to connect the upper and lower melts of the protective cover. The function of the liquid level cover 3 is to further protect the metal level and completely eliminate the liquid level tumbling. The liquid level cover 3 may be in a flat or inverted "U" shape and immersed under the molten metal surface. The liquid level cover 3 can also be fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the stirring chamber 8.

The liquid level protection cover may be a positioning type (see FIG. 1), or a movable buoyancy chamber type (see FIG. 6), and a narrowed assembly hole 9 in the middle.

As shown in Fig. 6, a movable buoyancy tank type liquid level cover is placed in the melt container, which is composed of a buoyancy chamber 21, a vertical plate 22, a fitting hole 9, and a retaining ring 23. The vertical plate 22 is vertically connected to one side or both sides of the buoyancy chamber 21, and an assembly hole 9 is provided in the buoyancy chamber 21. The shape of the buoyancy chamber 21 is the same as the contour of the inner wall of the melt container.

It should be noted that the shape of the fitting hole 9 in the buoyancy chamber 21 will depend on the shape of the melt cutting blade mechanism, so that the cutting blade mechanism can be lowered into and out of the stirring chamber 8 during operation. For example, when the top view of the blade mechanism is a rectangle, the shape of the fitting hole is also a rectangular shape of a suitable size.

For example, an aluminum alloy melt that needs to be homogenized is protected by an active buoyancy tank type liquid level cover: the vertical plate 22 is disposed on the upper and lower sides of the buoyancy chamber 21, and the buoyancy chamber 21 is welded into a hollow form by a titanium alloy sheet. It is made of lightweight aluminum silicate heat-resistant insulation material. When in use, the buoyancy chamber type liquid level cover is automatically suspended on the upper surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, and the blade-shaped melt homogenization agitation shearing mechanism is inserted from above. The aluminum liquid in the container is subjected to homogenization treatment at a high speed. Although the shear agitation of the blade causes agitation disturbance of the aluminum alloy melt in the lower part of the isolator, the isolator can still isolate the rotational torque from the lower main melt, which is good for stabilizing the upper melt level. The effect is to keep the metal level still. After the melt homogenization treatment is completed, the blade-type shear agitating mechanism lifts the aluminum liquid from the assembly hole, and then rapidly transfers the melt of the container for casting.

As shown in Fig. 7, the upper retaining opening 24 of the present invention has a certain thickness or depth to maintain the liquid level of the molten metal in the upper retaining opening 24; the opening shape of the upper retaining opening 24 is shaped as the shape of the cutting blade mechanism. The matching allows the melt cutting blade mechanism to freely enter and exit the agitating chamber 8 in the axial direction.

The metal melt container and the stirring chamber of the present invention can adopt the structure shown in Figs. 8 to 11 . The configuration of the stirring chamber shown in the drawing is composed of a melt container 31, a stirring chamber 8, an upper port 24, an upper blocking rib 32, a lower blocking rib 33, a lower bottom 34, a thermocouple 5, and a liquid take-up. / pouring port 35, above the stirring chamber 8 is a narrowed upper opening 24, one end of the upper port 24 is mounted with a thermocouple 5, the other end is a liquid or pouring port 35; in addition, above and below the mixing chamber 8 The inner wall of the melt container 31 is provided with upper rib ribs 32 and lower ribs 33, respectively, and rib ribs 33 are also formed on the lower bottom 34 of the melt container.

As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the upper portion of the agitation chamber 8 is a narrowed upper port 24 configuration to prevent agitating vortex and gas from being generated in the melt level. Compared to the middle of the spacious mixing chamber, the narrowed upper stop 24 configuration changes the flow field distribution of the melt in the agitating chamber 8, and blocks the transfer path of the agitating flow to the upper level. In particular, the narrowed upper retaining port 24 has a certain thickness or depth to maintain the liquid level of the molten metal in the upper retaining port 24, achieving a "wider agitating cavity melt" relative to a "narrow liquid level". Others use "liquid level protective cover" devices because they are thinner and do not "narrow the liquid level". The shape of the opening of the upper retaining port 24 (see FIG. 8) matches the shape of the cutting blade mechanism, so that the melt cutting blade mechanism can freely enter and exit the stirring chamber 8, and is narrowed as much as possible to achieve the best barrier stirring effect. . In the top view of Fig. 8, a thermocouple 5 is attached to one end of the narrowed upper port 24, and the other end is a liquid take-up or pouring port 35. In addition, upper and lower retarding ribs (as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11) of the rib-like protrusions are respectively disposed on the inner wall of the melt container 31 above and below the stirring chamber 8 to further block the vicinity of the liquid surface. The vortex increases the agitation shear force, resulting in a better melt homogenization treatment.

The metal melt stirring chamber is used in various occasions where metal melt agitation casting is required: in the case of intermittent casting such as die casting, the stirring chamber structure is the inner cavity structure of the pouring spoon (only for the existing pouring spoon) Add a live block as shown in the dotted line in Figure 9.) In use, a certain amount of metal liquid is first taken from the liquid take-up port of the upper port 24 to keep the liquid level in the upper port 24. Automatically rotating the cutting blade mechanism to a direction matching the shape of the upper opening opening, and then automatically inserting the cutting blade mechanism and the quantitative length of the refiner filament (or the quantitative weight of the refiner debris) from the upper stop, The metal melt and the refining agent which is rapidly melting are subjected to intense homogenization agitation in the agitation chamber 8. Alternatively, the refiner wire itself can also be rotated at a high speed to become a cutting blade mechanism. In part, a uniform melt release is carried out while stirring in the melt. When the stirring temperature is lowered to a set temperature, the stirring is stopped, the cutting blade mechanism is taken out from the upper stopper, and then the pouring spoon is quickly transferred and poured to perform casting.

In the case of continuous casting, the stirring chamber is the inner cavity structure of the hot section of the melt, and the stirring chamber 8 can be directly docked with the continuous casting mold without the bottom bottom; for the electromagnetic stirring without the agitator, the upper blocking port 24 The shape of the opening may be a narrowed circle or square. In use, the molten metal flows into the agitation chamber 8 from the liquid discharge port of the upper port 24, and the liquid level is stably maintained in the upper port 24. When the melt temperature reaches the set stirring temperature, the cutting blade mechanism and the refiner wire are automatically inserted into the melt from the upper retaining port 24, and the metal melt is strongly stirred in the stirring chamber 8, and at the same time, the moving lead is introduced. The ingot starts to be continuously cast, and continuous continuous liquid supply, continuous supply of silk and continuous stirring are continued until the continuous casting process is finished, and the stirring is stopped. Finally, the cutting blade mechanism is withdrawn from the upper port 24. Achieve full automation of the melt agitation process at the casting site—chemical refinement—the entire process of casting.

As shown in FIG. 12, a method for cutting and breaking a metal melt and a flow forming method using the apparatus of the present invention can be used for homogenizing a metal melt before casting, including the following steps:

1. Preheating the elemental R (or its intermediate alloy R) such as the refiner, modifier, microalloy or composite particles of the desired additive wire of the metal melt to 50 ° C to T _RL + 50 ° C ( T _RL is the liquidus temperature of R).

2. The metal melt to be cast in the stirring chamber is added to the preheated R in real time, and then the "cutting and breaking" is homogenized immediately; or in the molten metal to be cast in the stirring chamber, While the preheating additive is supplied in proportion, the cutting blade mechanism is introduced to perform the homogenization treatment of the cutting and breaking. Step 1-2 is shown in Figure 12. For the case of batch casting such as die casting, the stirring chamber 8 is a casting spoon; for continuous casting, the stirring chamber 8 is a hot top above the crystallizer.

3. When the melt is subjected to the cutting and breaking treatment, the cutting blade mechanism reciprocates up and down in the axial direction relative to the stirring chamber 8 while rotating at a high speed in the stirring chamber 8 at high speed (the motor 6 moves up and down along the moving rail 7). The rotating shaft 2 moves up and down, or the vertical movement of the rotating shaft 2 is realized by the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 6, or the stirring chamber 8 is moved up and down by the lifting of the lifting table, or other moving manners, as shown in step 2 of FIG. By the high-speed rotation of the cutting piece 1 and the up-and-down movement with respect to the stirring chamber 8, the lower (or upper) vicinity of the molten metal surface in the stirring chamber 8 is provided with the liquid level protective cover 3, the liquid level protective cover 3 or the upper opening There are assembly holes on the 24, which can connect the protective cover or the upper and lower melts of the upper stop; form a controllable multi-directional turbulent flow without liquid level in the melt, and simultaneously cut and break the tiny solid in the melt. The phase, the second phase, the oxide and the inclusions provide a high degree of uniform dispersion of the solute in the molten metal prior to solidification. The "cutting and breaking" treatment method of the melt is different from the previous "stirring" concept, which is like the difference between "agitator" and "soybean machine".

4. For die casting batch casting (such as die casting), the mixing chamber 8 is a quantitative metal melt, the additive R is "real-time" dosing, the melt treatment is a few seconds or the cutting is broken to the melt temperature to reach the casting Temperature T _pouring : When T _S <T is _poured <T _L +50 °C (T _S and T _L are respectively metal solidus and liquidus temperature), the homogenization treatment of cutting and breaking is stopped, and the cutting blade mechanism is lifted out. Surface (or separate coupling), quickly transfer the mixing chamber (spoon) and cast a highly homogenized metal melt (T- _cast ≥ T _L ) or semi-solid slurry (T _S < T _poured <T _L ) .

For continuous casting, the homogenization treatment of the metal melt cutting and breaking is continuous operation in the hot top, the metal melt in the stirring chamber 8 is continuously flowed, and the addition of the additive R is continuously supplied according to the flow rate ratio, and the cutting is broken. The homogenization process is also continuous operation; until the end of the continuous casting process, the cutting blade mechanism stops and rises out of the hot top, completing step 3 as shown in FIG. The purpose of this flow forming technique is to obtain a uniform fine, fine and dense solidification structure of the casting.

The following is an application example of real-time homogenization treatment of AZ91 magnesium alloy and rheological die-casting automobile connecting rod by cutting and breaking device of metal melt and flow forming method.

The cutting piece device adopts three cutting pieces 1 (the shape is as shown in Fig. 2, the cutting piece is like a knife type (see AA direction), the rotating front end is sharp, the lower side is a horizontal plane, the upper side is a bevel), three rotating surfaces, and the circumferential direction. Symmetrical structural arrangement. When used: 1. Firstly refine the refiner element C (1wt.% of Mg-Al-C master alloy) required for AZ91 magnesium alloy to 660 ° C under protective atmosphere (645 ° C is in the middle of Mg-Al-C) The liquidus temperature of the alloy). 2. Under a protective atmosphere of SF ₆ , 950 g of a quantitative metal melt was taken up in an insulated container, and 30 g of preheated C was added in real time, and then the apparatus was used to perform "cutting and breaking" homogenization treatment. 3. Through the high-speed rotation of the sharp cutting piece 1 and the uniform movement up and down, not only the controllable multi-directional turbulence without liquid level tumbling in the whole melt, but also the direct cutting and breaking of all the tiny solid phases in the melt, the second The phase, oxide, inclusion and even molecular ordering make the solute in the molten metal before casting highly dispersed. 4. Cutting and breaking treatment until the alloy temperature is lowered to reach the casting temperature of 605 ° C (595 ° C is the liquidus temperature of AZ91 magnesium alloy), stop cutting, separate the coupling 4, and quickly transfer the stirring chamber 8 to be highly homogenized The magnesium alloy melt is poured into the injection cavity, and rapid die casting is performed to obtain a uniform fine, excellent and compact solidification structure of the casting.

In the highly dispersing and homogenizing treatment of the metal melt, the rotating shaft can drive the cutting piece to reciprocate up and down in the axial direction while rotating at a high speed in the stirring chamber. This geometric design and working mode makes the disturbance experienced by the molten metal in the cavity "controllable in range and strength" and is a multi-directional turbulent flow in the centrifugal radial direction, the rotating circumferential direction and the upper and lower axial directions. The controllable turbulence is further equipped with a liquid level protective cover, which can homogenize the metal melt as a whole, and avoid the drawbacks of the coiling slag caused by other inventions being "stirring and tumbling". Further, the high-strength shearing action of the sharp cutting piece directly cuts and breaks all the tiny solid phases, the second phase, the oxide, the inclusions and even the molecular order in the melt, so that the solute in the molten metal before casting is highly dispersed. Homogenization, obtaining a fine, fine and dense casting structure after rapid solidification. Therefore, this method of cutting and breaking is to create a "controllable turbulent flow" while having a "cutting and breaking" effect. Compared with other simple "stirring" treatment methods for metal melt by means of electromagnetic force or mechanical force, the invention is simple and efficient, and also introduces a special refiner preheating and real time before casting. Added method. These have all achieved important innovations in the principles of metal melt processing and casting.

Industrial applicability

The cutting piece device of the invention can greatly inhibit the metal liquid surface tumbling while avoiding the coiling of the slag in the overall high efficiency cutting and processing of the metal melt, and can be widely applied in continuous casting, die casting, forging casting, die casting and compounding in real time. Various metal casting occasions such as material preparation.

The conventional isolator device is fixedly mounted at a certain position in the container, and the buoyant chamber liquid level cover of the present invention is designed to stably suspend the device near the melt level by adjusting the overall density of the device material, and it can automatically Move up and down following the change in the level of the melt. The invention adopts a buoyancy tank structure like a "ship": the upper buoyancy chamber is made into a closed cavity for adjusting the average density of the entire isolator device, so that the device can be automatically suspended on the upper surface of the molten metal; the buoyancy chamber The intermediate cavity is filled with lightweight refractory insulation to remove internal air and prevent the device from expanding when heated. Thus, the overall density of the adjustment device as a whole is ≤ metal melt density, so that the isolator device can be automatically suspended near the liquid surface of the metal melt during use.

The buoyant tank liquid level protection cover of the invention can isolate the liquid surface portion of the upper part of the large volume melt from the main melt of the lower part, effectively blocking the disturbance of the main melt when subjected to vigorous stirring, and transmitting to the upper liquid level, thereby When the large disturbance occurs in the melt, the liquid level is still calm, and the purpose of stabilizing the melt level is achieved, and at the same time, the oxidation of the melt, the slag and the gas are prevented from being contaminated.

The stirring cavity for stirring the metal melt of the invention can narrow the melt liquid surface in the stirring chamber, thereby effectively blocking the effect of the stirring effect on the liquid surface, and solving the problem of the oxidation and the gas volume risk of the melt. This device has the following features:

(1) The "narrow liquid level" structure reduces the tendency of the melt to oxidize and inhale, and also blocks the transfer of the agitated flow field to the liquid surface, so that the molten metal melt surface is free of turbulence and vortex, avoiding melt oxidation. , gas, slag.

(2) The device achieves the purpose of feeding the refiner wire in real time and automatically in the pouring spoon.

It is one of the main creations of the present invention to add elements such as refiners, microalloys or composite particles "in real time" to the metal melt to be cast out or quantitatively extracted from the smelting holding furnace. In the metal continuous casting industry, continuous “feeding” is a real-time method of adding refiners. However, for batch type "molding", the addition of elements such as refiner is generally carried out in advance in the smelting holding furnace. Due to the large amount and the slow casting cycle, the batch is successively taken out of the molten metal. The element content is not uniform, segregation, and even the refiner effect is degraded. The idea of the invention is: firstly, after the preliminary premixing of the elements such as the refining agent in the large smelting holding furnace, the elements which are quantitatively taken out and the molten material to be cast are again subjected to the "real time" refining agent and the like are added. It can fully guarantee the content of each element of the batch is equal, and can prevent the decline of elemental efficiency to the greatest extent.

Realizing the above-mentioned metal melt to be cast in real time, promoting the homogenization of dissolution, dispersion or dispersion of each component Processing is the main creation of the present invention. In order to better promote the elemental dissolution and the uniform distribution of the melt composition and all phases, and to give full play to the special role of each element, it is an innovative technical concept to continue the real-time homogenization treatment before the solidification of the metal.

The method and apparatus for "melting and breaking" of the metal melt homogenization treatment are the main creations of the present invention. The cutting blade device designed by the invention has a knife-like shape: the rotating front end is sharp, and the high-strength shearing action can directly cut and break all the tiny solid phases, the second phase, the oxide, the inclusions and even the molecular order in the melt; If the front end of the cutting piece is a tapered design, it can be used to disperse and mix the metal matrix composite; the side of the cutting piece is inclined, horizontal or curved, and the "stirring" effect can be adjusted according to the adjustment of different slope and curvature: slope The greater the curvature, the more intense the "stirring" effect; if the slope is very close to the horizontal plane, the circumferential flow is close to the laminar flow. Under the geometric design of the appropriate side slope and curvature, the "cutting and breaking" device and method make the disturbance experienced by the metal melt in the cavity "controllable in range and intensity", local ordered laminar flow but overall turbulence The rotating shaft can drive the cutting piece to reciprocate in the axial direction while rotating at high speed in the stirring chamber, and the locally ordered controlled flow can be applied to the entire melt without the liquid surface tumbling. Therefore, the cutting and breaking device and method have the effect of "cutting and breaking" while manufacturing "controllable turbulence". Compared with other simple "stirring" treatment devices and methods for electromagnetically or mechanically by means of electromagnetic or mechanical forces, the invention is simple and efficient, and achieves important innovations in the principles of metal melt processing and casting.

The invention also has the following advantages:

1. The structure is simple, easy to use, and the treatment effect is high quality and high efficiency.

2. It can realize simple docking with various casting equipments and has strong controllability.

3. The “cutting and breaking” mechanism realizes the uniform and strong shear homogenization treatment of the melt.

4. Realized the “real-time” addition technology of metal melt additive during casting.

5. No liquid surface tumbling, eliminating pollution such as slag and gas generated by other stirring.

Claims (22)

A cutting and breaking device for refining a metal melt, characterized in that the device comprises a cutting blade mechanism, a stirring chamber, a liquid level protective cover or an upper stop, a coupling, an additive mechanism and a motor; The cutting blade mechanism mainly comprises a rotating shaft and a cutting piece, the cutting piece is mounted on the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is connected with the motor through a coupling; the cutting piece mechanism is arranged in the axial direction of the stirring chamber Above, the liquid level protection cover or the upper stop is disposed above or below the molten metal level in the stirring chamber. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 1, wherein the rotating shaft can be rotated in a forward or reverse direction; and the cutting blade mechanism can be stirred relative to the stirring by various means. The chamber reciprocates up and down in the axial direction. A cutting and breaking device for refining a metal melt according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a moving rail, and the motor is mounted on a movable rail that can be moved up and down. A cutting and breaking device for refining a metal melt according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a lifting platform, and the stirring chamber is placed on the lifting platform. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cutting piece is a knife type, the rotating front end is sharp, and the side surface is inclined, horizontal or curved. . The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 5, wherein the cutting piece has a rectangular, triangular, diamond, circular or circular shape. A cutting and breaking device for refining a metal melt according to claim 6, wherein said cutting piece is disposed on one or more rotating faces. The cutting and breaking device for refining a metal melt according to claim 7, wherein the cutting piece is plural, and is layered on one or several rotating surfaces, adjacent to two layers. Between the dicing sheets, or between the left dicing sheet and the right dicing sheet of the same layer, the slanting faces of the rotating front end sides may be arranged in reverse symmetry with each other. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 8, wherein the cutting piece is two layers, between the upper cutting piece and the lower cutting piece, or the lower left cutting piece and Between the right cutting pieces, the inclined surfaces of the rotating front end sides are arranged in opposite symmetry with each other. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 9, wherein the two-layer cutting sheets are rotationally symmetrically distributed along the rotation axis. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotating front end of the cutting piece is relatively sharp, and the thickness of the rotating front end is ≤ 5 mm. A cutting and breaking device for refining a metal melt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The utility model is characterized in that: the liquid surface protection cover is a positioning type or a movable buoyancy chamber type, and the assembly hole is arranged in the middle part. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 12, wherein the liquid level protection cover has a flat or inverted "U" shape. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 13, wherein the liquid level protection cover is submerged under the molten metal surface or fixed on the inner wall of the stirring chamber. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 12, wherein the movable buoyancy tank type liquid level protection cover is mainly composed of a buoyancy chamber, a vertical plate, an assembly hole and a retaining ring. The vertical plate is vertically connected to one side or both sides of the buoyancy chamber, and the assembly hole is disposed on the buoyancy chamber, and the vertical plates cross each other to form a grid-like stable structure; the buoyancy chamber is a closed cavity, and the middle is filled with fireproof Insulation material; the retaining ring is disposed on the outer circumference of the buoyancy chamber and the assembly hole. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 1, wherein the upper opening has a certain thickness or depth, and the liquid surface of the metal melt is kept in the upper opening; The shape of the opening of the retaining ring matches the shape of the cutting blade mechanism so that the melt cutting blade mechanism can freely enter and exit the agitating chamber in the axial direction. The cutting and breaking device for the metal melt refining treatment according to claim 12, wherein the cutting and breaking device further comprises a thermocouple, and the thermocouple is disposed in the stirring chamber. A cutting and breaking device for refining a metal melt according to claim 17, wherein said thermocouple passes through a fitting hole on a liquid level protective cover or upper stopper, or through a liquid level protective cover or upper surface The gap between the retaining port and the inner wall of the stirring chamber is placed in the molten metal. A cutting breakage and flow forming method for metal melt refining treatment, comprising the following steps: 1 preheating the additives required for the metal melt; 2 In the metal melt to be cast in the stirring chamber, the preheating additive is added in proportion to the homogenization, and the homogenization treatment of the cutting and breaking is performed; or the preheating additive is continuously added according to the flow rate ratio, and the continuous cutting is simultaneously performed. Disperse homogenization treatment; 3 When the cutting is broken, the rotating shaft and the cutting piece rotate in the axial direction relative to the stirring chamber while rotating at high speed in the stirring chamber, and the high-speed rotation of the cutting piece and the up-and-down movement with respect to the stirring chamber are melted. The formation of controlled multi-directional turbulence without liquid level tumbling in the body, while also directly cutting, breaking or dispersing the tiny solid phase, the second phase, the oxide and the inclusions in the melt, so that the metal melt in the pre-casting All solutes or additives are dispersed and homogenized; ④ When the like for casting a batch casting, melt processing or melt temperature decrease for several seconds to reach the temperature T of the casting _pour, even stop the cutting process of breaking loose, the liquid surface of the dicing sheet means liter or separate couplings are already casting Qualified metal melt or semi-solid slurry; for continuous casting, the metal melt cutting and dispersing homogenization process is continuously operated until the continuous casting process ends, the cutting blade mechanism stops and rises out of the stirring chamber. The method according to claim 19, wherein the additive is a refiner, a modifier, an alloy or a composite material particle. The method according to claim 20, wherein the preheating temperature of the additive is from 50 ° C to T _RL + 50 ° C, and T _RL is a liquidus of the additive. temperature. Cutting a metal melt according to claim 19 are the refinement process breaks loose and rheological molding method, the casting temperature T _S <T _{cast <T L + 50 ℃, T} S, T L respectively, metal Solid and liquidus temperatures.

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