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WO2016178186A1 - Cellule zinc-air avec pompe à émulsion d'air - Google Patents

Cellule zinc-air avec pompe à émulsion d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016178186A1
WO2016178186A1 PCT/IB2016/052594 IB2016052594W WO2016178186A1 WO 2016178186 A1 WO2016178186 A1 WO 2016178186A1 IB 2016052594 W IB2016052594 W IB 2016052594W WO 2016178186 A1 WO2016178186 A1 WO 2016178186A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zinc
electrode
electrolyte
charging
cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2016/052594
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English (en)
Inventor
Suren Martirosyan
Didier Guillonnet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN201680039879.8A priority Critical patent/CN107836052A/zh
Priority to EP16721507.8A priority patent/EP3292577A1/fr
Publication of WO2016178186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016178186A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with electrically rechargeable batteries, metal-air batteries, zinc-electrodes for such batteries and especially electrically rechargeable Zinc-Air batteries.
  • Zinc-Air batteries are famous for their energy density comparable to Li-ion batteries (at least 3 to 6 times more than Lead-Acid batteries) and their low cost per kWh (comparable or cheaper than Lead-Acid batteries and 5 to 10 times cheaper than Li-ion batteries).
  • the invention intends to obviate the prior art problems.
  • electrolyte circulation is improving the cycling capacity of zinc-air cells.
  • electrolyte circulation is performed by the way of external pumps.
  • the inventor succeeded in associating the well-known technology of Airlift Pumps (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlift_pump) to zinc-air cells so that the said Zinc-Air cells can enjoy electrolyte circulation during charging without requiring external pumping equipment.
  • Airlift Pumps air is injected in the lower part of a Riser Tube that transports a liquid. By buoyancy the air, which has a lower density than the liquid, rises quickly. By fluid pressure, the liquid is taken in the ascendant air flow and moves in the same direction as the air. The calculation of the volume flow of the liquid is possible thanks to the physics of two-phase flow. This type of pump is very reliable.
  • Airlift Pumps and its variant Geyser Pumps can be used in zinc-air cells during charging to pump the alkaline electrolyte with the evolving oxygen.
  • the air is substituted by oxygen evolving from the electrode under anodic polarization, called throughout this patent application the Charging Electrode, via the electrolytic oxidation of OH - ions during charging, and the liquid transported by the Airlift Pump is the alkaline electrolyte of the cell.
  • the electrolyte is circulated by Airlift pumping assured by the oxygen evolution on the charging electrode whereby leading to a very simple, reliable and cheap solution for preventing shape change and growth of dendrites.
  • the invention relates to a zinc-air secondary cell, for use in an alkaline electrolyte secondary battery, comprising
  • said cell comprising a layer of alkaline liquid electrolyte in contact with at least one side the charging electrode,
  • said cell comprising further a Riser Tube, said Riser Tube being at least partially filled with electrolyte at start of charging,
  • said Riser Tube comprising at least one Air Inlet, eventually at its bottom, receiving the oxygen evolving from the charging, eventually mixed with electrolyte, and a Mixture Outlet placed higher than the Air Inlet, out of which a mixture of oxygen and electrolyte is flowing out during charging,
  • said cell advantageously comprising a Gas Collector collecting and transmitting to said Air Inlet, eventually with the help of an Air Supply Line, the said oxygen evolving eventually mixed with electrolyte.
  • This Airlift system is assured in the charging electrode compartment by using the bubbling of oxygen evolution on the charging electrode (Auxiliary-electrode or Bifunctional Air-Electrode).
  • the oxygen bubbles are directed through a Riser Tube having a limited cross section where the oxygen bubbles are mixed with the electrolyte liquid; and these oxygen bubbles are by Archimedes’s law pushing the electrolyte from the bottom of the Riser Tube to its output which should be at a higher level.
  • Airlift pump and its “Geyser pump” variant, and are described for example in (http://www.uwex.edu/uwmril/pdf/RuralEnergyIssues/aquaculture/90_Air_Lift_Theory.pdf).
  • Some other variants can also be found for example in Jacob Riglin, "Performance Characteristics of Airlift Pumps with Vortex Induced by Tangential Fluid Injection” (2011). Honor’s Theses.
  • the present invention is the first attempt and description of how to apply Airlift pump principles to electrochemical cells, especially in order to circulate electrolyte in compartments of a battery where there is no bubbling, such as the Zinc-electrode compartment (comprising the air electrode, a separator insuring electrical insulation from the zinc-electrode and the charging electrode, and the electrolyte in between).
  • This solution is very simple to implement and cost effective because it does not require any external pump. From what the inventors know, it is also the first time that a zinc air battery is described having an individual pump assigned to each one of its cells.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the Mixture Output of the said Airlift pump is minimum 20 mm higher than the said Air Inlet whereby providing sufficient electrolyte transportation power or transportation efficiency.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the Riser Tube has a cross section less or equal to 15 mm2 in surface, and advantageously a cross section equal to or higher than 2 mm2.
  • the cross section of the Riser Tube should not be too large otherwise no Airlift effect would take place.
  • the inside diameter of the said Riser Tube is from 1 mm and 4 mm, preferably a diameter of 2 mm, or advantageously the Riser Tube having a cross section between 1 to 14 mm2.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the Riser Tube is essentially vertical during charging.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the Riser Tube is positioned higher than the top of the zinc-electrode.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the cell also includes an expansion reservoir, receiving during charging the output flow of the Airlift pump, the mixture of electrolyte and oxygen evolving during charging; said expansion reservoir comprising at least a gas exhaust (for oxygen exhaust).
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the said expansion reservoir is communicating to the bottom of the zinc-air cell whereby allowing the electrolyte to return and circulate during charging.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the expansion reservoir is connected to a return tubing connected to an electrolyte return port at the bottom of the cell.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the level of the electrolyte in the expansion reservoir is at start of charging at least a minimum of 20 mm higher than the said Air-Input whereby the pressure head is sufficient to start and sustain the electrolyte circulation.
  • the invention relates to the cell defined above, wherein the Airlift pump, expansion reservoir and return tubing are all sharing a same casing whereby simplifying the design and number of interconnections.
  • Zero-electrode compartment it is meant the space comprising the zinc-electrode and the electrolyte between the said zinc-electrode and a separator insuring electrical insulation from the said zinc-electrode and the charging electrode.
  • charging-electrode compartment it is meant the space comprising the charging-electrode and the electrolyte between the said charging -electrode and a separator insuring electrical insulation from the said zinc-electrode and the said charging electrode.
  • the output of the Airlift pump of the cell is connected to an expansion reservoir and a gas exhaust allowing oxygen to escape the cell, the said expansion reservoir being large enough to withstand the increase of the volume required to keep not only the electrolyte but also the volume of the oxygen gas inside the cell.
  • the expansion reservoir is advantageously connected to the bottom of the cell so that the electrolyte can circulate and be returned to the cell.
  • the said cross section of the Riser Tube is advantageously adjusted to control the circulation rate of the electrolyte.
  • the invention also relates to a zinc-air battery system comprising at least one cell according to the above definition.
  • the invention relates to the above zinc-air battery, wherein a plurality of cells shares a common electrolyte expansion reservoir.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle comprising a zinc-air battery as defined above.
  • the cell in order to avoid Zn precipitation in the charging-electrode compartment while the pH of the electrolyte is decreased, the cell is such that the electrolyte circulation is organized so that a common electrolyte flow is split to supply the Zinc & the charging compartments, and the electrolyte outputs from the Zinc-electrode and charging-electrode compartments are grouped and blended before being reintroduced at the bottom of the cell as a common electrolyte flow whereby averaging the pH of the electrolyte in the Zinc and Charging compartments.
  • Airlift pump is a schematic representation of an Airlift pump disclosed in the application US 2007/0166171.
  • the Airlift pump is powered by compressed air, raises fluid by entraining gas to reduce its density.
  • L Liquid, usually wastewater.
  • LL Liquid level.
  • V Vessel
  • G Gravel or solids.
  • Galvanic cell including an air-electrode, a charging electrode and a zinc-electrode, installed vertically, parallel one to each other
  • the electrolyte is 6M KOH.
  • Oxygen bubbles mixed with electrolyte 3.
  • Gas Collector 10 mm height.
  • Air inlet 5.
  • Riser tube a PVC tube of Dia 2 mm inside cross section. 6.
  • Gas Exhaust a hole Dia 2 mm. 8.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pile rechargeable zinc-air, destinée à être utilisée dans une batterie secondaire à électrolyte alcalin, comprenant : - une électrode de zinc ; - une électrode à air ; - une électrode de charge utilisée pour charger ladite électrode de zinc, ladite électrode de charge tournée vers au-moins une face à ladite électrode de zinc, et ladite cellule comprenant en outre un tube de colonne montante, ledit tube de colonne montante étant au moins partiellement rempli d'électrolyte au début de la charge, ledit tube de colonne montante définissant une pompe à émulsion d'air étant activé uniquement par l'oxygène dégagé par ladite électrode de charge pendant la charge de ladite électrode de zinc.
PCT/IB2016/052594 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Cellule zinc-air avec pompe à émulsion d'air Ceased WO2016178186A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201680039879.8A CN107836052A (zh) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 具有气动提升泵的锌空气电池
EP16721507.8A EP3292577A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Cellule zinc-air avec pompe à émulsion d'air

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562157848P 2015-05-06 2015-05-06
US62/157,848 2015-05-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016178186A1 true WO2016178186A1 (fr) 2016-11-10

Family

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Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2016/052595 Ceased WO2016178187A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Formation et formatage d'électrode de zinc
PCT/IB2016/052594 Ceased WO2016178186A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Cellule zinc-air avec pompe à émulsion d'air
PCT/IB2016/052592 Ceased WO2016178184A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Électrode de zinc partitionnée
PCT/IB2016/052593 Ceased WO2016178185A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Système de gestion de batterie pour cellules de décharge à cathode de bi

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2016/052595 Ceased WO2016178187A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Formation et formatage d'électrode de zinc

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2016/052592 Ceased WO2016178184A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Électrode de zinc partitionnée
PCT/IB2016/052593 Ceased WO2016178185A1 (fr) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Système de gestion de batterie pour cellules de décharge à cathode de bi

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3292577A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107836052A (fr)
WO (4) WO2016178187A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107067136B (zh) * 2016-12-22 2020-11-27 国家电网公司 电动汽车充电分配方法及装置
CN106882069B (zh) * 2017-03-08 2018-07-27 广州车电网新能源有限公司 一种电动汽车身份识别系统与方法
CN109572451B (zh) * 2019-01-02 2020-09-04 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种混合动力有轨电车的充电方法及其仿真计算方法

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US4035554A (en) * 1974-08-05 1977-07-12 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Self pumping electrochemical cell
US4507367A (en) * 1981-07-24 1985-03-26 Accumulatorenwerke Hoppecke Carl Zoellner & Sohn Gmbh & Co. Kg Galvanic element, particularly a metal-air cell
US20070166171A1 (en) 2006-01-17 2007-07-19 Geyser Pump Tech. Co. Geyser pump
WO2011073975A2 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-23 Jonathan Russell Goldstein Batterie zinc-air

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US5360680A (en) * 1990-07-19 1994-11-01 Electric Fuel Limited Mechanically rechargeable electric batteries and anodes for use therein
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WO2006047588A2 (fr) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 Rechargeable Battery Corporation Anode flexible enduite d'une pate, pile comportant une anode enduite d'une pate et procede de fabrication de celles-ci
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US4035554A (en) * 1974-08-05 1977-07-12 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Self pumping electrochemical cell
US4507367A (en) * 1981-07-24 1985-03-26 Accumulatorenwerke Hoppecke Carl Zoellner & Sohn Gmbh & Co. Kg Galvanic element, particularly a metal-air cell
US20070166171A1 (en) 2006-01-17 2007-07-19 Geyser Pump Tech. Co. Geyser pump
WO2011073975A2 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-23 Jonathan Russell Goldstein Batterie zinc-air

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3292577A1 (fr) 2018-03-14
WO2016178187A1 (fr) 2016-11-10
WO2016178185A1 (fr) 2016-11-10
WO2016178184A1 (fr) 2016-11-10
CN107836052A (zh) 2018-03-23

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