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WO2016166787A1 - Système de production d'énergie solaire - Google Patents

Système de production d'énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016166787A1
WO2016166787A1 PCT/JP2015/061314 JP2015061314W WO2016166787A1 WO 2016166787 A1 WO2016166787 A1 WO 2016166787A1 JP 2015061314 W JP2015061314 W JP 2015061314W WO 2016166787 A1 WO2016166787 A1 WO 2016166787A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
string
current
voltage
power
power generation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2015/061314
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
嶋田　隆一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC
Clean Energy Factory Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC
Clean Energy Factory Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC, Clean Energy Factory Co Ltd filed Critical Tokyo Institute of Technology NUC
Priority to PCT/JP2015/061314 priority Critical patent/WO2016166787A1/fr
Priority to JP2015530790A priority patent/JP6037585B1/ja
Publication of WO2016166787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016166787A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system, and more particularly to a photovoltaic power generation system including a control device for extracting more electric power for each solar cell string in which a large number of solar cell panels are connected in series.
  • the power conditioner can change the voltage of the string by maximum power point tracking (hereinafter referred to as “MPPT”) control so that the DC power of the string can be converted with an optimum voltage.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking
  • the power conditioner includes a DC / DC converter for controlling the voltage step-up / step-down, and supplies a voltage to a voltage source capacitor of an inverter that converts the voltage into an AC voltage for connection to an external power system.
  • the maximum power point is not necessarily the individual string.
  • the voltage at the maximum power point of each string is not the same in a wide mega solar site and is particularly sensitive to temperature changes. When panels are installed on slopes, it is considered that there is a difference of several tens of degrees (° C) in the surface temperature between panels due to differences in height, wind flow, etc.
  • the panel arrangement at the mega solar site should be arranged so that there is no temperature difference.
  • each panel constituting the string includes a voltage detection means and a power detection means for detecting the amount of power output from the panel, and is further necessary based on the detected panel voltage and power amount.
  • a solar power generation system provided with a power replenishing means for replenishing an appropriate power (see Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 1 the invention described in Patent Document 1 is excellent in that the optimum MPPT control is performed by detecting the voltage and the electric energy for each panel, but each panel is individually operated as long as each panel operates normally as designed. Although there is no need to perform MPPT control, there is a waste that power conversion loss is added, and voltage detection means and power detection are present in all hundreds to thousands of panels. There is a problem that it is too expensive to install the means. It is also necessary to avoid contention between MPPT control performed on individual strings and MPPT control performed on the entire string by the power conditioner.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. The present invention does not perform MPPT conversion for every string, not for every panel, and keeps normal strings as they are.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation system capable of performing both control and MPPT control of a power conditioner that converts current of all strings.
  • a photovoltaic power generation system connects a string formed by connecting a plurality of solar cell panels in series, and DC power generated by each of the solar cell panels to the string.
  • a photovoltaic power generation system that converts the power of the string and supplies it to a load or a power system, the current measuring means connected in series to the string to measure the current of the string, and the current of the string.
  • a backflow prevention diode connected in series with the string, a DC power source connected in parallel with the backflow prevention diode, and for increasing the voltage of the string by a predetermined value, and the current
  • a voltage having a predetermined value is supplied from the DC power source to the string. Characterized by comprising a Gosuru control means.
  • the current of the string can be recovered and supplied to the power conditioner. Therefore, the generated power of the string can be used effectively.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the reason which can recover
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system shown in FIG. 1 converts a plurality of strings 2 configured by connecting a plurality of panels 1 in series, and DC power generated by each panel 1 by a power converter 3 connected to the strings 2.
  • the power converter 3 charges the voltage source capacitor through a DC / DC converter that controls the DC current to obtain the maximum power by collecting currents of a plurality of strings, and voltage-type pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation). Modulation (hereinafter referred to as “PWM”).
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the inverter is linked to a three-phase alternating current by an inverter and is called a power conditioner.
  • This solar power generation system includes a current measuring device 4 connected in series to the string 2 to measure the current of the string 2 and a reverse flow connected in series to the string 2 to prevent a reverse flow of the current of the string 2.
  • a prevention diode 5 and a DC power supply 7 connected in parallel with the backflow prevention diode 5 via the voltage supply switch 6 and for raising the voltage of the string 2 by a predetermined value are provided.
  • the control device 8 that controls to turn on the voltage supply switch 6 and replenish the string 2 with a predetermined voltage from the DC power source 7 is also provided.
  • the control device 8 may be a dedicated device, or a general-purpose computer may be used.
  • a bypass diode 9 and a capacitor 10 are connected to the panel 1 in parallel.
  • the bypass diode 9 functions to maintain the power generation of the string 2 by bypassing the current in the solar cell module that is shaded or failed.
  • the capacitor 10 serves to reduce the influence of changes in the generated voltage due to sunlight and temperature changes and stabilize the generated voltage of the panel.
  • reference numeral 11 is a connection / disconnection switch for switching connection / disconnection of the string 2 to the power converter 3, and for switching operation / maintenance.
  • the current of the string including the defective panel becomes abnormally smaller than the current of other strings. That is, since the current of the string becomes equal to the current of the defective panel, the current of the entire string is lowered.
  • the reason why the current of the string 2 whose current has decreased can be recovered by supplementing a predetermined voltage from the DC power supply 7 will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the reason why a current can be recovered by replenishing a predetermined voltage to a string with degraded performance.
  • FIG. 2A shows that the MPPT voltage at the maximum power point differs depending on the panel temperature in a mega solar in which an array is configured by connecting a large number of strings in parallel. As can be seen, the MPPT voltage at 25 ° C. is about 260V, while the MPPT voltage at 50 ° C. is about 210V.
  • the MPPT voltage of that string will drop to about 210V, but the inverter will be 260V just like any other normal string connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 2A since the curve on the left side of the MPPT voltage is gentle, the replenishing voltage may be somewhat large. Of course, it is natural to control in a range where the electric power obtained is larger than the electric power to be supplemented.
  • FIG. 2B shows that the MPPT voltage at the maximum power point of the string is lowered when a part of the panel in the string 2 is in the shade. In this case, if a voltage of about 50 V (about 20%) is replenished, the power recovers from about 600 W to about 1600 W.
  • the control device 8 checks whether or not the current value of each string 2 is equal to or less than a predetermined value. Then, a string having a current value equal to or smaller than a predetermined value is found, the switch 6 of the string is turned on, and a predetermined voltage is injected from the DC power source 7 to the string.
  • the predetermined value may be set to 20% of a normal average current value, and a string that falls below the predetermined average current value may be determined to be abnormal. It is considered that the replenishing voltage is highly effective when it is a voltage corresponding to a generated voltage of about 20% of the maximum output point voltage of a normal string. As shown in FIG.
  • the replenishment voltage depends on the voltage of the maximum power point to move, and the magnitude of the maximum power point movement in the non-standard state differs depending on the mega solar depending on the installation conditions of the mega solar, weather conditions, and the like. Because it seems, decide while driving.
  • the optimum value of the voltage to be replenished is not obtained but it is sufficient if it is equal to or higher than that voltage.
  • the voltage is about one or two panels. Even if an extra voltage is injected, the string current is limited to the current of each panel, so it does not become so large, and the surplus power does not become a loss, and the power only flows to the power conditioner 3. So there are few problems.
  • the DC power source 7 may be one in which AC power output from the power conditioner 3 is generated by a transformer diode rectifier.
  • the current for each string 2 is monitored by the current measuring device 4, the string whose output current is abnormally reduced is selected, and the necessary voltage (voltage for about one panel) is replenished. Since the current of the string can be supplied to the power conditioner, the generated power of the string can be used effectively.
  • Table 1 below shows the effect of the present invention by simulation using PSIM. For each case where the performance of some of the 10-panel strings deteriorates, the power required for replenishment is compared with the power increased by that (excluding the power required for replenishment). It is shown. Thereby, the effect of the present invention was verified.
  • the step-up chopper circuit includes an inductor 12, a semiconductor switch 13 that performs a switching operation of the current of the string 2, a backflow prevention diode 5, and a DC capacitor 14.
  • a control device 8 that controls the gate voltage of the semiconductor switch 13 to perform on / off control is provided.
  • the semiconductor switch is preferably a MOSFET or an IGBT, for example.
  • One control device 8 may be provided for the entire system or may be provided for each string. When provided for each string, it is sufficient to perform control to maximize the current detected by the current measuring device 4. This is because the voltage is determined by the output high voltage DC bus.
  • the MPPT of this string is also characterized in that simple control with only current measurement is sufficient. Since a general boost chopper circuit is used here, description of the operation principle is omitted.
  • the control device 8 constantly monitors the current value of each string 2 measured by the current measuring device 4, and the control device 8 determines whether or not the current value of the string 2 is abnormal. Since the criteria for determination are the same as in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted. If the control device 8 determines that the current value of the string 2 is abnormal, the control device 8 gives an on / off signal to the gate of the semiconductor switch 13 to perform PWM control. As a result, the voltage of the string 2 connected to the power conditioner 3 increases, and the string 2 recovers the current.
  • the PWM duty ratio (Duty) of the semiconductor switch 13 is about 20%. Since the control device 8 constantly monitors the current value of the string 2, the control unit 8 gradually increases the duty ratio, and controls to stop increasing the duty ratio when the increase in the current of the string 2 stops. Also good. This is because even if the voltage is further increased, if the voltage returns to normal, the current does not increase in the string, and this does not disturb the MPPT control by the power conditioner.
  • the negative terminal of the DC capacitor 14 of the boost chopper circuit in the second embodiment is connected to the positive side of the string 2 instead of the ground. Accordingly, the voltage applied to the DC capacitor 14 is only about one or two panels (about 30 to 100 V), and a small capacitor with a small rated voltage can be used.
  • the semiconductor switch 13 of the boost chopper circuit in the second embodiment can be used as a switch for short-circuiting the string 2.
  • a panel with a constant current characteristic does not flow over the maximum current even if it is short-circuited.
  • the voltage becomes a voltage that is not dangerous to the human body, and the output current becomes zero by the reverse current prevention diode 5, so that the direct current Even so, the connection / cutoff switch 11 can be disconnected from the output high voltage DC bus without generating an arc.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a modification of the second embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
  • the modification of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is obtained by replacing the semiconductor switch 13 in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 with a magnetic energy recovery switch (hereinafter referred to as “MERS”) 13.
  • MERS magnetic energy recovery switch
  • the MERS 13 connects a series circuit of a MOSFET (S1) and a diode (d1) and a series circuit of a diode (d2) and a MOSFET (S2) in parallel, and connects between the anode of the diode d1 and the cathode of the diode d2.
  • a second DC capacitor C1 for regenerating magnetic energy is connected.
  • the control device 8 controls the MOSFET (S1) and the MOSFET (S2) to be turned on / off simultaneously.
  • PWM control is performed in the same manner as in the second embodiment, it is characterized by soft switching with little switching loss and noise.
  • the MERS is in parallel conduction, switching is possible even when one MOSFET has a malfunction such as inoperative or open, and reliability is improved. In order to eliminate the switching loss, it is necessary to turn on or off at zero voltage or zero current, but the MERS 13 can realize it. This will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of MERS.
  • FIG. 5A shows a state when the MOSFET (S1) and the MOSFET (S2) are turned off from on.
  • S1 and S2 are turned off at the same time, the magnetic energy stored in the inductor 12 in FIG. 4 is charged in the capacitor C1 through the path indicated by the arrow in FIG.
  • MERS Magnetic Interference
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
  • a necessary voltage is supplemented by using an external DC power supply 7, but in the third embodiment, a voltage generated by stepping down the voltage of the string 2 with a step-down chopper (panels of about 1 to 2).
  • the voltage for the sheet is injected as a supplementary voltage to the ground side of the string 2.
  • the step-down chopper circuit includes an inductor 12, a semiconductor switch 13, a backflow prevention diode 5, and a DC capacitor 14. Moreover, the control apparatus 8 which controls the gate voltage of the semiconductor switch 13 and performs on-off control is provided.
  • the semiconductor switch is preferably a MOSFET or an IGBT, for example.
  • One control device 8 may be provided for the entire system or may be provided for each string. Since a general step-down chopper circuit is used here, the explanation of the operation principle is omitted.
  • the semiconductor switch 13 of the step-down chopper circuit in the third embodiment can be used as a switch for short-circuiting the string 2.
  • a panel with constant current characteristics does not flow beyond the maximum current even if short-circuited, and the voltage becomes a voltage that is not dangerous to the human body, and the output current becomes zero by the backflow prevention diode 5, so even if it is a direct current,
  • the connection / disconnection switch 11 can be disconnected from the output high voltage DC bus.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a modification of the third embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
  • the modification of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is the same as the third embodiment except that the semiconductor switch 13 in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is replaced with MERS13. Further, the configuration, operation, and features of the MERS 13 are the same as those of the modified example of the second embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.
  • the fourth embodiment is a resistor between the drain and gate of the semiconductor switch 13 in order to short-circuit the semiconductor switch 13 by the voltage of the string in the second embodiment and the third embodiment (including modifications thereof). 15 and a mechanical contact switch 16 for disconnecting between the control device 8 and the gate.
  • FIG. 8A shows the connection between the drain and gate of the semiconductor switch 13 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and the third embodiment shown in FIG. A case is shown in which they are connected via a mechanical contact switch 16.
  • FIG. 8B shows a connection between the drain and gate of the MOSFET (S1) of the MERS 13 in the modification of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and the modification of the third embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the control device 8 and the gate are connected via the mechanical contact switch 16 is shown.
  • the resistor 15 and the mechanical contact switch 16 may be connected to S2.
  • the resistance value of the resistor 15 may be a resistance value that does not affect the operation of the control device 8 that performs high-speed PWM control.
  • the output impedance of the control device 8 is about 100 ⁇ or less. Therefore, it may be 1 k ⁇ to 10 k ⁇ which is 10 to 100 times that.
  • connection / disconnection switch 11 for each string and disconnect the string 2 from the output high voltage DC bus.
  • the DC power of the string is several hundred volts and several A, this The disconnection by the connection / break switch 11 may cause an arc and is difficult unless a DC breaker having a special structure is used. Therefore, it is necessary to short the string 2 to a voltage that is not dangerous.
  • there is a method of short-circuiting the semiconductor switch 13 by continuing to turn on the gate of the semiconductor switch 13 by a signal from the control device 8, but the reliability as a safety device is lacking. That is, the reliability of the power supply of the control device 8 becomes a problem.
  • the gate is disconnected from the control device 8 by turning off the mechanical contact switch 16 instead of short-circuiting the semiconductor switch 13 by driving the gate by a signal from the control device 8, and the gate voltage is stringed.
  • the semiconductor switch 13 is short-circuited by raising the voltage. As a result, the drain-source voltage becomes a low voltage threshold voltage. Therefore, as long as voltage is generated in the string, the semiconductor switch 13 can be short-circuited by turning off the mechanical contact switch 16, so that the reliability of the power supply of the control device 8 does not matter.
  • the switch 16 is a mechanical contact switch, a signal for driving the gate is required if it is a semiconductor switch, but if it is a mechanical contact switch, a manual switch (for example, a push button switch or a toggle switch) This is because the gate drive signal is unnecessary. Further, although a voltage for gate control is applied to the mechanical contact switch 16, the voltage is very small (15 V or less) and almost no current flows, so a switch for minute current may be used.
  • replenishment is performed by measuring the current for each string of the solar battery panel in the mega solar and replenishing the string voltage in an abnormally low current value in series. There is an increase in electric power that exceeds the generated electric power, and the generated electric power can be increased.
  • the voltage source may be a DC power source capable of outputting a voltage of about 1 to 2 panels (about 30 to 100 V), it may be an industrial general-purpose power source and does not require accuracy.
  • the description of the embodiment is finished as described above, but it is needless to say that the configurations of the embodiments, operations, and modifications described above can be arbitrarily combined as long as they do not contradict each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention est d'effectuer une commande de recherche du point maximal de puissance au moyen d'un procédé simple pour des chaînes individuelles dans un système de production d'énergie solaire qui présente des chaînes 2 formées en connectant en série une pluralité de panneaux de cellules solaires 1, la puissance en courant continu produite par les panneaux de cellules solaires étant convertie par un convertisseur de puissance 3 connecté aux chaînes 2, et fournie à une charge ou à un système électrique. Par conséquent, dans ce système de production d'énergie solaire, des dispositifs de mesure de courant 4 permettant de mesurer le courant dans les chaînes 2 sont connectés en série aux chaînes 2, et des diodes de prévention d'inversion de débit 5 sont connectées en série aux chaînes 2 afin d'empêcher le courant dans les chaînes 2 de circuler en sens inverse. En outre, une source d'alimentation en courant continu 7 permettant d'amplifier la tension dans les chaînes 2 par une valeur prédéterminée est connectée en parallèle aux diodes de prévention d'inversion de débit 5 par l'intermédiaire de commutateurs 6, et un dispositif de commande 8 est prévu pour effectuer une commande de telle sorte que les commutateurs 6 sont fermés et une tension de valeur prédéterminée est fournie par la source d'alimentation en courant continu 7 aux chaînes 2 lorsque le courant mesuré par les dispositifs de mesure de courant 4 est inférieur ou égal à une valeur prédéterminée.
PCT/JP2015/061314 2015-04-13 2015-04-13 Système de production d'énergie solaire Ceased WO2016166787A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2015/061314 WO2016166787A1 (fr) 2015-04-13 2015-04-13 Système de production d'énergie solaire
JP2015530790A JP6037585B1 (ja) 2015-04-13 2015-04-13 太陽光発電システム

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CN107276519B (zh) * 2017-08-14 2019-01-08 张若玮 太阳能自控发电设施
CN110502057B (zh) * 2019-07-05 2020-12-25 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 一种无需电流检测的航天器太阳能功率调节模块均流方法

Citations (2)

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WO2013018826A1 (fr) * 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 国立大学法人東京工業大学 Système de génération d'énergie solaire
JP2014067259A (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-17 Panasonic Corp パワーコンディショナ

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WO2009131120A1 (fr) * 2008-04-23 2009-10-29 シャープ株式会社 Ligne électrique pour système de génération d'énergie solaire et système de génération d'énergie solaire l'utilisant, et procédé d'inspection des anomalies du système de génération d'énergie solaire
JP4673921B2 (ja) * 2009-05-01 2011-04-20 オーナンバ株式会社 太陽電池発電システムの異常検出装置及び方法
US9285816B2 (en) * 2011-01-28 2016-03-15 Prakash Easwaran Harvesting power from DC (direct current) sources

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013018826A1 (fr) * 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 国立大学法人東京工業大学 Système de génération d'énergie solaire
JP2014067259A (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-17 Panasonic Corp パワーコンディショナ

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