WO2016143486A1 - 耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016143486A1 WO2016143486A1 PCT/JP2016/054900 JP2016054900W WO2016143486A1 WO 2016143486 A1 WO2016143486 A1 WO 2016143486A1 JP 2016054900 W JP2016054900 W JP 2016054900W WO 2016143486 A1 WO2016143486 A1 WO 2016143486A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- less
- stainless steel
- austenitic stainless
- hydrogen
- hydrogen embrittlement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength austenitic stainless steel excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel that is used in an environment of high-pressure hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen and has high strength and excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance and a method for producing the same.
- SUS316 steel JIS standard SUS316 austenitic stainless steel
- SUS316 steel has a resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in a high-pressure hydrogen gas environment, for example, carbon steel containing the above-mentioned Cr-Mo steel, JIS standard SUS304 series austenitic stainless steel (hereinafter referred to as "SUS304 steel”).
- SUS316 steel and SUS316L steel containing about 13% of Ni are examples of metal materials that do not become hydrogen embrittled in a more severe hydrogen embrittlement environment. However, it is a high pressure to use these two steel types at domestic 70 MPa class hydrogen stations. Recognized by the example standards established by the Gas Safety Association.
- the SUS316-based austenitic stainless steel described in the above exemplary criteria is expensive because it contains a large amount of rare metals Ni and Mo. Furthermore, for applications to high-pressure hydrogen piping, a tensile strength of about 650 MPa is required. However, even if a solution treatment is performed on SUS316 austenitic stainless steel, such tensile strength is not satisfied.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-3713359 discloses stainless steel having a low Ni content of 5 to 9% and a low cost.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-173742
- the stainless steel disclosed in Patent Document 2 controls the metal structure to a two-phase structure of an austenite phase and a martensite phase by thermomechanical treatment while keeping the Ni content 4 to 12%. ing. This achieves a very hard stainless steel having a Vickers hardness of about 500.
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2004/83477
- SUS316 steel The stainless steel disclosed in Patent Document 3 (International Publication No. 2004/83477) is a stainless steel for high-pressure hydrogen gas aimed at increasing strength by solid solution strengthening of N. While ensuring good hydrogen embrittlement resistance, it has strength exceeding SUS316 steel.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-133001
- Stainless steel disclosed in Patent Document 4 has improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement by utilizing Ti and Nb carbonitrides having a size of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the addition of Mo is omitted, the economy is excellent.
- the stainless steel described in Patent Document 1 has the same strength characteristics as SUS316 steel and is not assumed to be used in a hydrogen environment. Moreover, since the stainless steel described in Patent Document 2 contains a martensite phase that is easily hydrogen embrittled, it is difficult to apply it in a hydrogen environment. Further, the stainless steel described in Patent Document 3 substantially contains 10% or more of Ni, and when Ni content is reduced from this, it is necessary to add Mo, Nb, V, Nd, etc. High cost. Further, the stainless steel described in Patent Document 4 has the same degree of strength as SUS316 steel, and further improvement in strength is desired.
- the present situation is that high-strength austenitic stainless steel having both hydrogen embrittlement resistance and economy in a high-temperature hydrogen gas environment at a low temperature and over 40 MPa has not yet appeared.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and it is an object to provide a high-strength austenitic stainless steel excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance that can be suitably used in a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas environment exceeding 40 MPa.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-47409
- an ⁇ phase intermetallic compound is utilized in the stainless steel described in Patent Document 5.
- addition of 20% or more of Ni is required, resulting in an increase in alloy costs. Therefore, the present inventors have focused on Cr-based carbonitrides as precipitates obtained by utilizing main elements.
- Non-Patent Document 1 when Cr-based carbonitride is deposited in a metal structure, a Cr-deficient layer having a significantly reduced Cr concentration is formed around the precipitate. In the vicinity of the Cr-deficient layer, the stability of the austenite phase is lowered, so that a work-induced martensite phase is preferentially generated during deformation, leading to a reduction in ductility in high-pressure hydrogen gas.
- the Cr-deficient layer can be eliminated by additional heat treatment and diffusing Cr, but the manufacturing cost increases.
- the inventors have the alloy component composition of austenitic stainless steel composed of Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo and trace elements as main elements, the metal structure, the average size of Cr-based carbonitrides, We have conducted intensive research on the relationship between hydrogen embrittlement resistance and strength characteristics under high-pressure hydrogen gas environment. As a result, the following new findings (a) to (e) were obtained.
- the tensile strength of about 700 MPa exceeding the cold work material of SUS316 steel can be obtained by combining the precipitation strengthening of Cr-based carbonitride. .
- the size of the Cr-based carbonitride is strongly influenced by the heat treatment conditions.
- the precipitation nose temperature of Cr-based carbonitride is about 800 ° C.
- Cr-based carbonitride precipitates in a short time, but coarsening proceeds rapidly. For this reason, it is difficult to control the average size of the Cr-based carbonitride to 100 nm or less. If the steel material is held at 800 ° C.
- a step of hot working the steel slab having the component composition according to any one of (1) to (4), a step of performing a final heat treatment at 1000 ° C. to 1150 ° C., and a step after the step of the final heat treatment A high-strength austenitic stainless steel excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance, characterized in that it has a cooling step, and in the cooling step, the average cooling rate up to 750 ° C. is controlled to less than 2.0 ° C./s. Manufacturing method.
- an austenitic stainless steel that is suitably used in an environment of high-pressure hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen and has high strength and excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance and a method for producing the same.
- the austenitic stainless steel according to the present embodiment is, in mass%, C: 0.2% or less, Si: 0.3 to 1.5%, Mn: 7.0 to 11.0%, P: 0.06. %: S: 0.008% or less, Ni: 5.0-10.0%, Cr: 14.0-20.0%, Cu: 1.0-5.0%, N: 0.01- 0.4% and O: 0.015% or less. Further, the average size of the Cr-based carbonitride is 100 nm or less, and the amount of Cr-based carbonitride is 0.001 to 0.5% by mass. Below, the reason for limitation of a component composition is demonstrated first.
- C is an element effective for stabilizing the austenite phase and contributes to the improvement of hydrogen embrittlement resistance. Further, C contributes to an increase in strength due to solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening by Cr-based carbides. In order to obtain these effects, the C content is preferably 0.01% or more. On the other hand, addition of an excessive amount of C leads to excessive precipitation of Cr-based carbides, leading to a decrease in hydrogen embrittlement resistance. For this reason, it is necessary to make the upper limit of C content 0.2%. A more preferable upper limit of the C content is 0.15%.
- Si is an element effective for stabilizing the austenite phase.
- the Si content needs to be 0.3% or more.
- the Si content is preferably 0.4% or more.
- the addition of an excessive amount of Si promotes the formation of intermetallic compounds such as a sigma phase and causes a decrease in hot workability and toughness. For this reason, the upper limit of Si content needs to be 1.5%.
- the Si content is more preferably 1.1% or less.
- Mn is an element effective for stabilizing the austenite phase. Stabilization of the austenite phase suppresses the formation of a work-induced martensite phase, thereby improving the hydrogen embrittlement resistance. For this reason, it is necessary to make Mn content 7.0% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 7.5% or more.
- the addition of an excessive amount of Mn promotes the formation of a ⁇ ferrite phase that is the starting point of cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement, so the upper limit of the Mn content needs to be 11.0%. A more preferable upper limit of the Mn content is 10.5% or less.
- P is contained as an impurity in the austenitic stainless steel of the present embodiment. Since P is an element that reduces hot workability, it is preferable to reduce the P content as much as possible. Specifically, the P content is preferably limited to 0.06% or less, and more preferably 0.05% or less. However, since extreme reduction of the P content leads to an increase in steelmaking costs, the P content is preferably 0.008% or more.
- S is an element that segregates at the austenite grain boundary during hot working and induces cracking during hot working by weakening the bonding force of the grain boundary. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the upper limit of the S content to 0.008%.
- the upper limit with preferable S content is 0.005%. Since it is preferable to reduce the S content as much as possible, there is no particular lower limit. However, extreme reduction leads to an increase in steelmaking costs. For this reason, it is preferable that S content is 0.0001% or more.
- Ni is an element having a large effect of improving the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of austenitic stainless steel. In order to sufficiently obtain this effect, the Ni content needs to be 5.0% or more. The Ni content is preferably 5.5% or more. On the other hand, the addition of an excessive amount of Ni causes an increase in material cost, so the upper limit of the Ni content is 10.0%. The Ni content is preferably 9.5% or less.
- Cr is an element indispensable for obtaining the corrosion resistance required for stainless steel.
- Cr is an element that contributes to an increase in strength of austenitic stainless steel.
- the Cr content needs to be 14.0% or more.
- the Cr content is preferably 14.5% or more.
- the addition of an excessive amount of Cr causes excessive precipitation of Cr-based carbonitrides, and deteriorates the hydrogen embrittlement resistance. For this reason, it is necessary to make the upper limit of Cr content 20.0%.
- the Cr content is preferably 18.5% or less.
- Cu is an element effective for stabilizing the austenite phase.
- the Cu content needs to be 1.0% or more.
- the Cu content is preferably 1.8% or more.
- the addition of an excessive amount of Cu leads to a decrease in strength and the hot workability is impaired, so the upper limit of the Cu content needs to be 5.0%.
- the Cu content is more preferably 4.0% or less.
- N is an element effective for stabilizing the austenite phase and improving the corrosion resistance.
- solid solution strengthening and Cr-based nitride precipitation strengthening contribute to an increase in strength.
- the N content is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the N content is preferably 0.03% or more.
- the addition of an excessive amount of N promotes excessive formation of Cr-based nitrides, and deteriorates the hydrogen embrittlement resistance, corrosion resistance, and toughness of the austenite phase. For this reason, the upper limit of N content needs to be 0.4%.
- the N content is more preferably 0.3% or less.
- O reduces the hot workability and toughness of the austenite phase by forming oxides in the steel. For this reason, it is necessary to limit the upper limit of the O (oxygen) content to 0.015% or less.
- the O content is preferably 0.010% or less.
- the O (oxygen) content is preferably reduced as much as possible, but the extreme reduction leads to an increase in steelmaking costs. Therefore, the O (oxygen) content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the austenitic stainless steel according to the present embodiment may contain an arbitrarily added element described later.
- Mo is an element contributing to an increase in strength and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel.
- the addition of Mo causes an increase in alloy cost.
- Mo promotes the formation of ⁇ ferrite phase, leading to a decrease in hydrogen embrittlement resistance. Therefore, the Mo content is preferably 0.5% or less.
- Mo is an element inevitably mixed from scrap raw materials. Excessive reduction of the Mo content invites restrictions on the melting raw material and leads to an increase in manufacturing cost. Therefore, in order to achieve both the above effects and the suppression of manufacturing cost, the lower limit of the Mo content is preferably 0.05%.
- REM rare earth element
- Sc scandium
- Y yttrium
- 15 elements lanthanoid
- La lanthanum
- Lu lutetium
- a single element may be added, or two or more elements may be added.
- the content of REM is the total amount of these elements.
- Ti, Nb, and V are effective elements for increasing the strength by dissolving in steel or precipitating as carbonitride. If necessary, one or more elements selected from these may be added.
- the content of each of Ti, Nb, and V is preferably 0.01% or more. However, if the content of each of Ti, Nb, and V is more than 0.50%, it precipitates coarsely during the final heat treatment, and suppresses the formation of Cr-based carbonitrides. Therefore, the upper limit of each content of Ti, Nb, and V needs to be 0.50% or less. The upper limit with preferable each content of Ti, Nb, and V is 0.30%.
- the balance other than the above-described elements is Fe and unavoidable impurities, but other elements other than the above-described elements are also included within a range that does not impair the effects of the present embodiment. It can be made.
- cracks generated by hydrogen gas embrittlement are controlled by controlling the average size of Cr-based carbonitride to 100 nm or less and controlling the amount of Cr-based carbonitride to be 0.5% or less by mass%. The generation and progress of are significantly suppressed. As a result, the hydrogen gas embrittlement resistance is improved.
- the lower limit of the amount of Cr-based carbonitride produced is 0.001% or more.
- the lower limit of the production amount of Cr-based carbonitride is preferably 0.005% or more.
- the average size of Cr-based carbonitrides and the amount of Cr-based carbonitrides produced can be controlled by controlling the average cooling rate after the final heat treatment described later. It becomes coarse. Therefore, the presence of Cr-based carbonitride can be confirmed with a transmission microscope (TEM).
- the average size of the Cr-based carbonitride is 100 nm or less, and the preferable average size of the Cr-based carbonitride is 70 nm or less.
- the average cooling rate is fast (close to the upper limit)
- the Cr-based carbonitride is very fine, so there is no particular lower limit on the average size of the Cr-based carbonitride, but it is 5 nm or more. It is preferable.
- the amount of Cr-based carbonitride produced can be measured, for example, by the electrolytic extraction residue method. If an excessive amount of Cr-based carbonitride is generated, the connection and propagation of cracks generated from the periphery of the Cr-based carbonitride is promoted, so the amount of Cr-based carbonitride generated is 0% by mass. It should be 5% or less. Preferably, the production amount of Cr-based carbonitride is 0.45% or less in mass%. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is fast (close to the upper limit), the Cr-based carbonitride is very fine, so there is no particular lower limit for the average size of the Cr-based carbonitride. However, as for the amount of Cr-based carbonitrides produced, the lower limit is 0.001% or more, preferably 0.005% or more, in order to obtain the effect of increasing the strength.
- the average size of Cr-type carbonitride is measured by the following method, for example.
- the precipitate is observed by TEM, the precipitate is identified by EDX, and the Cr-based carbonitride is specified.
- the major axis and minor axis of one Cr-based carbonitride are measured from a TEM photograph.
- an average value of the major axis and the minor axis ((major axis + minor axis) / 2) is obtained and set as the size of the Cr-based carbonitride.
- the sizes of a plurality of Cr-based carbonitrides are obtained.
- An average value of the sizes of a plurality of Cr-based carbonitrides can be calculated, and the average value can be set as the average size of the Cr-based carbonitrides in stainless steel.
- a circumscribed rectangle is drawn for one Cr carbonitride so as to minimize the area.
- the long side of the circumscribed rectangle is the major axis of Cr carbonitride, and the short side of the circumscribed rectangle is the minor axis of Cr carbonitride.
- the austenitic stainless steel of this embodiment is not limited to a steel plate. Therefore, the steel slab is not limited to the slab, and it can be achieved by selecting a steel slab (billette, bloom, etc.) having a preferable shape with respect to the shape of the target product (bar, pipe, etc.). Needless to say.
- the conditions for the final heat treatment after hot working will be described in detail. If the temperature of the final heat treatment after hot working is too high, the strength of the steel material may be reduced due to excessive grain growth, or a grinding process may be added due to abnormal oxidation, which may increase production costs. For this reason, the upper limit of the temperature of final heat processing shall be 1150 degreeC. On the other hand, if the temperature of the final heat treatment is too low, a deformed structure at the time of hot working remains and the ductility of the steel product decreases, so the lower limit is set to 1000 ° C. A preferable temperature range of the final heat treatment is 1020 ° C. to 1120 ° C. The heat treatment holding time in the above temperature range is 1 second to 1 hour.
- a preferable lower limit of the holding time is 30 seconds.
- the strength may decrease due to excessive grain growth, or a grinding process may be added due to abnormal oxidation, leading to an increase in production cost.
- the upper limit of the preferable holding time is 40 minutes.
- the precipitation nose temperature of Cr-based carbonitride is about 800 ° C. If the steel material is held at a temperature higher than this, the coarsening of the Cr-based carbonitride proceeds rapidly, so it is difficult to control the average size of the Cr-based carbonitride to 100 nm or less. On the other hand, when the steel material is held at 800 ° C. or lower, the coarsening of the Cr-based carbonitride can be suppressed, but it takes time to start the precipitation. For this reason, it leads to the increase in manufacturing cost.
- the average cooling rate up to 750 ° C. is controlled to less than 2.0 ° C./s, thereby improving the strength of stainless steel and improving the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. It is possible to ensure the average size and production amount of Cr-based carbonitrides that satisfy both requirements.
- the average cooling rate up to 750 ° C. to less than 2.0 ° C./s.
- the average cooling rate is faster than 2.0 ° C./s, it is not possible to secure the time for the Cr-based carbonitride to precipitate, so the strength of the steel product cannot be increased.
- the cooling rate is excessively low, the average size of the Cr-based carbonitride may be larger than 100 nm, and the good hydrogen embrittlement resistance of the steel product may not be ensured. Therefore, the preferable lower limit of the average cooling rate is 0.3 ° C./s or more.
- the austenitic stainless steel according to the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described manufacturing method, and any manufacturing method can be used as long as the average size and the generation amount of Cr-based carbonitride can be controlled within the above range. May be.
- the average size and production amount of Cr-based carbonitride by the heat treatment in the manufacturing process of hydrogen equipment using austenitic stainless steel satisfying the components of the range of the present embodiment, or the heat treatment to the hydrogen equipment is within the above range. It may be controlled within.
- a stainless steel specimen having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted to produce a slab having a thickness of 120 mm. Thereafter, the slab was heated at 1200 ° C. and hot rolled to produce a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 20 mm. Thereafter, the hot-rolled sheet was subjected to final heat treatment and cooling under the conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain a hot-rolled annealed sheet. The holding time in the final heat treatment was in the range of 3 minutes to 20 minutes.
- “heat treatment temperature (° C.)” indicates the temperature of the final heat treatment
- cooling rate (° C./s)” indicates the average cooling rate.
- Table 2 shows the average size of Cr-based carbonitride and the amount of Cr-based carbonitride of each test material.
- a sample was prepared from the obtained hot-rolled annealed plate by the extraction replica method, and then the precipitates were observed by TEM and identified by EDX to identify Cr-based carbonitrides.
- the size of one Cr-based carbonitride was defined as the average value of the major axis and the minor axis ((major axis + minor axis) / 2).
- the size of 30 Cr-based carbonitrides was measured, and the average size of 30 Cr-based carbonitrides was determined as the average size of Cr-based carbonitrides in the test material.
- the amount of precipitate (the amount of Cr-based carbonitride) was measured by taking an analytical sample from the test material and using the electrolytic extraction residue method.
- the filter used for filtering the residue had a mesh size of 0.2 ⁇ m, and the detected amount of Cr was regarded as the amount of Cr-based carbonitride of the test material.
- the resistance to hydrogen gas embrittlement was evaluated for the hot-rolled annealed plates of each test material by the following method.
- a round bar tensile test piece having a parallel portion with an outer diameter of 3 mm and a length of 20 mm was collected from the longitudinal direction of the hot-rolled annealed plate having a thickness of 20 mm and from the center of the plate thickness.
- a tensile test in the atmosphere and (2) a tensile test in high-pressure hydrogen gas were performed.
- the tensile test in the atmosphere (1) was performed under the conditions of a test temperature: 25 ° C., a test environment: air, and a strain rate: 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / s.
- the tensile test in (2) high-pressure hydrogen gas was performed in the same manner as the atmospheric tensile test in (1) except that the test environment was “70 MPa in hydrogen”.
- atmosphere and 70 Mpa hydrogen exceeds 650 Mpa was evaluated as the pass.
- a value of “(throttle in high-pressure hydrogen gas / throttle in the atmosphere) ⁇ 100 (%)” was calculated as a relative throttle.
- a test material having this value of 80% or more was evaluated as having passed hydrogen embrittlement resistance in high-pressure hydrogen gas. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Specimens A1a and A2 to A17 are specimens (invention examples) subjected to final heat treatment and cooling under preferable conditions. While these relative aperture values were 90% or more, the tensile strength in the atmosphere and in 70 MPa hydrogen exceeded the target value of 650 MPa.
- Test piece A1b has a cooling rate after the final heat treatment exceeding the range of the present embodiment. As a result, when cooling after the final heat treatment, Cr-based carbonitrides did not precipitate in the test material, and the effect of precipitation strengthening could not be obtained. For this reason, the tensile strength in the atmosphere was less than 650 MPa.
- Test piece B1 has a Cu amount lower than the range of the present embodiment. As a result, the hydrogen embrittlement resistance was insufficient, and the relative aperture value was 56%.
- Test piece B2 has a Cu amount exceeding the range of the present embodiment. As a result, the strength of the austenite phase was reduced, and the tensile strength in the atmosphere and in 70 MPa hydrogen was below the target value of 650 MPa.
- Test piece B3 has a Ni content below the range of the present embodiment. As a result, the hydrogen embrittlement resistance was insufficient, and the relative aperture value was 48%.
- Test piece B4 has an N amount exceeding the range of the present embodiment. As a result, the deformed structure of the austenite phase became highly susceptible to hydrogen gas embrittlement, the hydrogen embrittlement resistance was insufficient, and the relative aperture value was 51%.
- Specimen B5 has a Mn amount lower than the range of the present embodiment. As a result, the hydrogen embrittlement resistance was insufficient, and the relative aperture value was 56%.
- Specimen B6 has an Mn amount exceeding the range of the present embodiment. As a result, the ⁇ ferrite phase remained in the austenite phase, resulting in insufficient hydrogen embrittlement resistance and a relative drawing value of 58%.
- Specimen B7 has an N amount below the range of the present embodiment. As a result, the effect of solid solution strengthening could not be sufficiently obtained, the strength of the austenite phase was insufficient, and the tensile strength in the atmosphere and in 70 MPa hydrogen could not exceed the target value.
- the austenitic stainless steel of the present embodiment can provide extremely excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance and tensile strength of over 650 MPa in high-pressure hydrogen gas of over 40 MPa. For this reason, the austenitic stainless steel of this embodiment can be applied as a material for a high-pressure hydrogen gas tank, a high-pressure hydrogen gas tank liner, a high-pressure hydrogen gas, and a liquid hydrogen pipe that store hydrogen gas having a pressure exceeding 40 MPa. is there.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年3月6日に、日本に出願された特願2015-044644号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
これらのことから、水素ステーションのディスペンサーに付随する液体水素用の貯蔵容器や水素ガス配管などに用いられる金属材料は、70MPaの高圧かつ低温の水素ガスに曝されることが想定される。
また、特許文献2に記載のステンレス鋼は、水素脆化しやすいマルテンサイト相を含んでいるため、水素環境下での適用は困難である。
また、特許文献3に記載のステンレス鋼は、実質的にNiを10%以上含んでおり、これよりNi含有量を少なくする場合はMoやNb、V、Nd等の添加が必要となるため、高コストである。
また、特許文献4に記載のステンレス鋼は、強度に関してはSUS316鋼と同程度であり、さらなる強度の向上が望まれる。
特許文献5に記載のステンレス鋼では、η相金属間化合物を活用している。しかしながら、20%以上のNiの添加が必要となり合金コストの増加を招く。
そこで、本発明者らは、主要元素を活用して得られる析出物として、Cr系炭窒化物に着目した。
(b)しかしながら、Cr系炭窒化物の平均サイズを100nm以下に制御し、かつCr系炭窒化物の量を質量%で0.001~0.5%に制御することで、水素脆化により生成するき裂の生成・進展が著しく抑制される。その結果、耐水素脆化特性が向上する。
(c)このようなCr系炭窒化物の平均サイズと量(質量%)を満たしていれば、Cr系炭窒化物を含有するオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の高強度化にも有効に作用する。さらにMn添加によるNの固溶強化を活用しつつ、Cr系炭窒化物の析出強化を複合的に作用させることで、SUS316鋼の冷間加工材を上回る700MPa程度の引張強度を得ることができる。
(d)Cr系炭窒化物のサイズは熱処理条件の影響を強く受ける。Cr系炭窒化物の析出ノーズ温度は800℃程度である。これより高い温度で鋼材を保持すると短時間でCr系炭窒化物が析出するが、粗大化が速やかに進行する。このため、Cr系炭窒化物の平均サイズを100nm以下に制御するのは困難である。800℃以下で鋼材を保持すると、Cr系炭窒化物の粗大化は抑制できるが、析出開始に時間がかかってしまう。このため、製造コストの増加に繋がってしまう。
(e)しかしながら、最終熱処理後の冷却時、750℃までの平均冷却速度を2.0℃/s未満に制御することで、ステンレス鋼の高強度化と耐水素脆化特性の向上を両立させるCr系炭窒化物の平均サイズ及び量(質量%)を確保することができる。
Cr系炭窒化物の平均サイズが100nm以下であり、かつCr系炭窒化物の量が質量%で0.001~0.5%であることを特徴とする耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。
まず、本実施形態のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の成分組成について説明する。なお、以下の説明において、各元素の含有量の「%」表示は「質量%」を意味する。
以下に、先ず、成分組成の限定理由について説明する。
Cは、オーステナイト相の安定化に有効な元素であり、耐水素脆化特性の向上に寄与する。また、固溶強化およびCr系炭化物による析出強化のため、Cは強度の増加にも寄与する。これら効果を得るため、C含有量を0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。一方、過剰な量のCの添加は、Cr系炭化物の過剰な析出を招き、耐水素脆化特性の低下に繋がる。このため、C含有量の上限を0.2%とする必要がある。より好ましいC含有量の上限は0.15%である。
Siは、オーステナイト相の安定化に有効な元素である。オーステナイト相の安定化により耐水素脆化特性を向上させるため、Si含有量を0.3%以上とする必要がある。Si含有量は0.4%以上であることが好ましい。一方、過剰な量のSiの添加は、シグマ相などの金属間化合物の生成を促進させ、熱間加工性や靭性の低下を招く。このため、Si含有量の上限を1.5%とする必要がある。Si含有量は、より好ましくは1.1%以下である。
Mnは、オーステナイト相の安定化に有効な元素である。オーステナイト相の安定化により加工誘起マルテンサイト相の生成が抑制され、これにより耐水素脆化特性が向上する。このため、Mn含有量を7.0%以上とする必要がある。Mn含有量は7.5%以上であることが好ましい。一方、過剰な量のMnの添加は、水素脆化による割れ発生の起点となるδフェライト相の生成を促進させるため、Mn含有量の上限を11.0%とする必要がある。より好ましいMn含有量の上限は10.5%以下である。
Pは、本実施形態のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼中に不純物として含まれる。Pは、熱間加工性を低下させる元素であるため、P含有量を極力低減させることが好ましい。具体的には、P含有量を0.06%以下に制限することが好ましく、0.05%以下に制限することがより好ましい。しかし、P含有量の極度の低減は製鋼コストの増大に繋がるため、P含有量は0.008%以上であることが好ましい。
Sは、熱間加工時にオーステナイト粒界に偏析し、粒界の結合力を弱めることで熱間加工時の割れを誘発する元素である。そのため、S含有量の上限を0.008%に制限する必要がある。S含有量の好ましい上限は0.005%である。S含有量は、極力低減させることが好ましいため、特に下限は設けないが、極度の低減は製鋼コストの増大に繋がる。このためS含有量は0.0001%以上であることが好ましい。
Niは、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の耐水素脆化特性を向上させる効果が大きい元素である。この効果を十分に得るため、Ni含有量を5.0%以上とする必要がある。Ni含有量は5.5%以上であることが好ましい。一方、過剰な量のNiの添加は材料コストの上昇を招くため、Ni含有量の上限を10.0%とする。Ni含有量は、好ましくは9.5%以下である。
Crは、ステンレス鋼に要求される耐食性を得るために欠くことのできない元素である。加えて、Crは、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の強度の上昇にも寄与する元素である。一般的な腐食環境下で既存のSUS316鋼と遜色のない耐食性を確保するため、Cr含有量は14.0%以上とする必要がある。Cr含有量は、好ましくは14.5%以上である。一方、過剰な量のCrの添加は、Cr系炭窒化物の過剰な析出を招き、耐水素脆化特性を低下させる。このため、Cr含有量の上限を20.0%とする必要がある。Cr含有量は、好ましくは18.5%以下である。
Cuは、オーステナイト相の安定化に有効な元素である。オーステナイト相の安定化により耐水素脆化特性を向上させるため、Cu含有量は1.0%以上とする必要がある。Cu含有量は、好ましくは1.8%以上である。一方、過剰な量のCuの添加は、強度の低下につながり、熱間加工性も損なわれるため、Cu含有量の上限を5.0%とする必要がある。Cu含有量は、より好ましくは4.0%以下である。
Nは、オーステナイト相の安定化と耐食性向上に有効な元素である。また、固溶強化およびCr系窒化物の析出強化により、強度の上昇に寄与する。これら効果を得るため、N含有量は0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。N含有量は、好ましくは0.03%以上である。一方、過剰な量のNの添加はCr系窒化物の過剰な生成を促進し、オーステナイト相の耐水素脆化特性や耐食性、靭性を低下させる。このため、N含有量の上限を0.4%とする必要がある。N含有量は、より好ましくは0.3%以下である。
Oは、鋼中で酸化物を形成することで、オーステナイト相の熱間加工性および靭性を低下させる。このため、O(酸素)含有量の上限を0.015%以下に制限する必要がある。O含有量は、好ましくは、0.010%以下である。O(酸素)含有量は、極力低減させることが好ましいが、極度の低減は製鋼コストの増大に繋がる。このためO(酸素)含有量は0.001%以上であることが好ましい。
Moは、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の強度の上昇と耐食性の向上に寄与する元素である。しかしながら、Moの添加は合金コストの増加を招く。さらに本実施形態のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼において、Moはδフェライト相の生成を促進させ、耐水素脆化特性の低下に繋がる。したがって、Mo含有量を0.5%以下とすることが好ましい。一方、Moはスクラップ原料から不可避に混入する元素である。Mo含有量の過度な低減は、溶解原料の制約を招き、製造コストの増加に繋がる。したがって、上記効果と製造コストの抑制を両立させるため、Mo含有量の下限を0.05%とすることが好ましい。
Al、Mg、Ca、REM、Bは、脱酸および熱間加工性、耐食性の向上に有効な元素である。必要に応じて、これらから選択される1種または2種以上の元素を添加してもよい。ただし、これら元素の過剰な量の添加は、製造コストの著しい増加を招く。このため、これら元素の含有量の上限をAl:0.3%以下、Mg、Ca:0.01%以下、REM:0.10%以下、B:0.005%以下とする必要がある。これら元素の含有量の下限は特に設ける必要はないが、脱酸の効果を十分に得るため、Al:0.01%、Mg、Ca:0.0002%、REM:0.01%、B:0.0002%とすることが好ましい。
ここで、REM(希土類元素)は一般的な定義に従い、スカンジウム(Sc)、イットリウム(Y)の2元素と、ランタン(La)からルテチウム(Lu)までの15元素(ランタノイド)の総称を指す。単独の元素を添加してもよいし、2種以上の元素を添加してもよい。REMの含有量は、これら元素の合計量である。
Ti、Nb、Vは、鋼中に固溶するか、または炭窒化物として析出し、強度を増加させるために有効な元素である。必要に応じてこれらから選択される1種または2種以上の元素を添加してもよい。この場合、Ti、Nb、Vのそれぞれの含有量は、0.01%以上が好ましい。ただし、Ti、Nb、Vのそれぞれの含有量が0.50%より多くなると、最終熱処理時に粗大に析出してしまい、Cr系炭窒化物の生成を抑制する。したがって、Ti、Nb、Vのそれぞれの含有量の上限を0.50%以下とする必要がある。Ti、Nb、Vのそれぞれの含有量の好ましい上限は0.30%である。
次に、鋼中に析出するCr系炭窒化物のサイズおよび生成量について説明する。
水素脆化を示した試験片では、Cr系炭窒化物の周辺で、き裂が生成する。これは、各Cr系炭窒化物の周辺に形成されるCr欠乏層に起因して、各Cr系炭窒化物の周辺において局所的に耐水素ガス脆化特性が低下するためである。Cr系炭窒化物の周辺を起点として生成したき裂が連結・伝ぱすることで延性が低下する。
一方、平均冷却速度が速い場合(上限に近い場合)、Cr系炭窒化物は非常に微細であることから、Cr系炭窒化物の平均サイズの下限については特に設けないが、5nm以上であることが好ましい。
過剰な量のCr系炭窒化物が生成すると、Cr系炭窒化物の周辺を起点として生成したき裂の連結・伝ぱが助長されるため、Cr系炭窒化物の生成量を質量%で0.5%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは、Cr系炭窒化物の生成量は質量%で0.45%以下である。一方、冷却速度が速い場合(上限に近い場合)、Cr系炭窒化物は非常に微細であることから、Cr系炭窒化物の平均サイズの下限については特に設けない。しかし、Cr系炭窒化物の生成量については、強度を上昇させる効果を得るため、下限値は0.001%以上であり、好ましくは0.005%以上である。
なお、本実施形態では、1個のCr炭窒化物に対して、面積が最小になるように外接長方形を描く。そして、この外接長方形の長辺をCr炭窒化物の長径とし、外接長方形の短辺をCr炭窒化物の短径とする。
次に、本実施形態に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法の一例について説明する。
本実施形態のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を製造するには、まず、上記の成分組成からなるステンレス鋼を溶製し、スラブなどの鋼片を製造する。次に、鋼片を所定の温度に加熱して熱間圧延等の熱間加工を行う(熱間加工工程)。
なお、本実施形態のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は、鋼板に限定されるものではない。したがって、鋼片は、スラブに限定されるものではなく、目的の製品(棒、管等)の形状に対して、好ましい形状の鋼片(ビレット、ブルーム等)を選択しても達成可能であることは言うまでもない。
熱間加工後の最終熱処理の温度が高すぎると、過剰な粒成長により鋼材の強度が低下する場合や、異常酸化により研削工程を追加することになり生産コストの増加を招く場合がある。このため、最終熱処理の温度の上限を1150℃とする。一方、最終熱処理の温度が低すぎると、熱間加工時の変形組織が残存し、鋼製品の延性が低下するため、下限を1000℃とする。好ましい最終熱処理の温度範囲は1020℃~1120℃である。
上記温度範囲での熱処理の保持時間を1秒~1時間とする。これより保持時間が短すぎると、鋼中に加工組織が残存し、延性低下を招く。好ましい保持時間の下限は30秒である。また、熱処理の保持時間が長すぎると、過剰な粒成長により強度が低下する場合や、異常酸化により研削工程を追加することになり生産コストの増加を招く場合がある。好ましい保持時間の上限は40分である。
また、本実施形態の範囲の成分を満たすオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を使用した水素用機器の製造工程における熱処理、あるいは水素用機器への熱処理によってCr系炭窒化物の平均サイズと生成量を上記の範囲内に制御してもよい。
なお、表中の下線は本実施形態の範囲から外れているものを示す。
得られた熱延焼鈍板から抽出レプリカ法により試料を作製し、次いでTEMによる析出物の観察・EDXによる同定を行い、Cr系炭窒化物を特定した。1個のCr系炭窒化物のサイズは、長径と短径の平均値((長径+短径)/2)として定義した。30個のCr系炭窒化物に対してサイズの測定を行い、30個のCr系炭窒化物のサイズの平均値を、その供試材におけるCr系炭窒化物の平均サイズと定めた。
析出物の量(Cr系炭窒化物の量)は、同様に供試材から分析用サンプルを採取し、電解抽出残渣法により測定した。残渣を濾すフィルターのメッシュサイズは0.2μmのものを使用し、Cr検出量をその供試材のCr系炭窒化物の量とみなした。
上記の厚さ20mmの熱延焼鈍板の長手方向かつ板厚の中心部から、外径3mm、長さ20mmの平行部を持つ丸棒引張試験片を採取した。この丸棒引張試験片を用いて、(1)大気中での引張試験と、(2)高圧水素ガス中での引張試験を行った。
(2)の高圧水素ガス中での引張試験は、試験環境を「70MPa水素中」としたこと以外は、(1)の大気中引張試験と同様にして実施した。
そして、大気中および70MPa水素中の引張強さが650MPaを超える供試材を合格と評価した。
さらに、相対絞りとして、「(高圧水素ガス中での絞り/大気中での絞り)×100(%)」の値を算出した。この値が80%以上である供試材を、高圧水素ガス中での耐水素脆化特性が合格であると評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
Claims (6)
- 質量%で、C:0.2%以下、Si:0.3~1.5%、Mn:7.0~11.0%、P:0.06%以下、S:0.008%以下、Ni:5.0~10.0%、Cr:14.0~20.0%、Cu:1.0~5.0%、N:0.01~0.4%、O:0.015%以下を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなり、
Cr系炭窒化物の平均サイズが100nm以下であり、かつCr系炭窒化物の量が質量%で0.001~0.5%であることを特徴とする耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。 - 更に、質量%で、Mo:0.5%以下を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。
- 更に、質量%で、Al:0.3%以下、Mg:0.01%以下、Ca:0.01%以下、REM:0.10%以下、B:0.005%以下から選択される1種または2種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。
- 更に、質量%で、Ti:0.5%以下、Nb:0.5%以下、V:0.5%以下から選択される1種または2種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。
- 高圧水素ガスおよび液体水素環境中で用いられることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の成分組成を有する鋼片を熱間加工する工程と、1000℃~1150℃で最終熱処理する工程と、前記最終熱処理の工程後に冷却する工程を有し、前記冷却の工程では、750℃までの平均冷却速度を2.0℃/s未満に制御することを特徴とする耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の製造方法。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/553,514 US10501819B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-02-19 | High-strength austenitic stainless steel having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance characteristics and method for producing same |
| ES16761458T ES2848386T3 (es) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-02-19 | Acero inoxidable austenítico de alta resistencia que tiene excelentes características de resistencia a la fragilización por hidrógeno y método para producirlo |
| KR1020177023655A KR101965524B1 (ko) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-02-19 | 내수소 취화 특성이 우수한 고강도 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 및 그 제조 방법 |
| CN201680012710.3A CN107406934B (zh) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-02-19 | 耐氢脆化特性优异的高强度奥氏体系不锈钢及其制造方法 |
| EP16761458.5A EP3266898B1 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-02-19 | High-strength austenitic stainless steel having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance characteristics and method for producing same |
| JP2017504946A JP6492163B2 (ja) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-02-19 | 耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015-044644 | 2015-03-06 | ||
| JP2015044644 | 2015-03-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016143486A1 true WO2016143486A1 (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
Family
ID=56879418
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2016/054900 Ceased WO2016143486A1 (ja) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-02-19 | 耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10501819B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3266898B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6492163B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101965524B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN107406934B (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2848386T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016143486A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018180788A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | 溶接性に優れた水素用高Mnオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼、それを用いた溶接継手および水素用機器、並びに溶接継手の製造方法 |
| JP2019143228A (ja) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | 高Mnオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 |
| KR20210127244A (ko) | 2019-03-26 | 2021-10-21 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 페라이트계 스테인리스 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
| WO2022255437A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-08 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材およびその製造方法ならびに水素用機器 |
| JP2022188481A (ja) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-21 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材および水素用機器 |
| WO2024128476A1 (ko) * | 2022-12-16 | 2024-06-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | 내수소취성 및 저온 충격인성이 향상된 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강, 및 그 제조방법 |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102767040B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-19 | 2025-02-14 | 닛테츠 스테인레스 가부시키가이샤 | 냉간 가공성이 우수한 고경도·고내식성 용도의 마르텐사이트계 스테인리스강 및 그 제조 방법 |
| CN114929919B (zh) * | 2020-01-09 | 2023-05-05 | 日铁不锈钢株式会社 | 奥氏体系不锈钢钢材 |
| CN113146095B (zh) * | 2021-03-01 | 2023-04-11 | 哈尔滨威尔焊接有限责任公司 | 一种奥氏体高合金钢专用焊材及应用 |
| CN114058977A (zh) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种牌号为mp-2的高强度耐氢脆膜片及制备方法 |
| CN114058976A (zh) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种高压氢气隔膜压缩机耐氢脆膜片专用板材的制备方法 |
| KR20230073482A (ko) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-26 | 한국재료연구원 | 고강도 고인성 중엔트로피 합금 및 그 제조 방법 |
| KR20240050060A (ko) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-04-18 | 주식회사 포스코 | 저온 충격인성이 우수한 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 및 그 제조 방법 |
| CN116790984A (zh) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-09-22 | 湖州永兴特种不锈钢有限公司 | 一种高压氢气环境下使用的奥氏体不锈钢 |
| CN116970775A (zh) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-10-31 | 淮安振达新能源装备有限公司 | 一种氢能装备用抗氢脆部件制造方法 |
| CN117444552B (zh) * | 2023-12-25 | 2024-03-12 | 中北大学 | 一种提高316l不锈钢输氢管抗氢脆性能的方法 |
| CN120060755A (zh) * | 2025-03-03 | 2025-05-30 | 广西盛昌隆新材料有限公司 | 一种低铬不锈钢配方及其制备方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004111285A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-23 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | 水素ガス用オーステナイトステンレス鋼とその製造方法 |
| JP2007126688A (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-24 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp | 高圧水素ガス用オ−ステナイト系高Mnステンレス鋼 |
| EP2460904A2 (de) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke AG | Austenitischer Stahl für die Wasserstofftechnik |
| WO2012132992A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高圧水素ガス用高強度オーステナイトステンレス鋼 |
| JP2014047409A (ja) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-17 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 高圧水素ガス用高強度オーステナイトステンレス鋼 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB995068A (en) | 1963-10-14 | 1965-06-10 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Improvements in or relating to austenitic stainless steel |
| JPS6280221A (ja) | 1985-10-03 | 1987-04-13 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | オ−ステナイト系ステンレス厚肉鍛鋼品の製造方法 |
| JP2944865B2 (ja) | 1993-08-31 | 1999-09-06 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | 高強度冷間加工用ステンレス鋼 |
| JP2002173742A (ja) | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-21 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 形状平坦度に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼帯およびその製造方法 |
| JP3696552B2 (ja) | 2001-04-12 | 2005-09-21 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 加工性,冷間鍛造性に優れた軟質ステンレス鋼板 |
| JP4207447B2 (ja) | 2001-07-13 | 2009-01-14 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | ステンレス鋼鉄筋及びその製造方法 |
| FR2827876B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-27 | 2004-06-18 | Usinor | Acier inoxydable austenitique pour deformation a froid pouvant etre suivi d'un usinage |
| KR100617465B1 (ko) | 2003-03-20 | 2006-09-01 | 수미도모 메탈 인더스트리즈, 리미티드 | 고압 수소 가스용 스테인레스강, 그 강으로 이루어지는 용기 및 기기 |
| JP3838216B2 (ja) | 2003-04-25 | 2006-10-25 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
| JP4498847B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-07 | 2010-07-07 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | 加工性に優れたオ−ステナイト系高Mnステンレス鋼 |
| JP5372467B2 (ja) | 2007-10-29 | 2013-12-18 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | 耐水素脆化特性に優れたオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
| JP5412202B2 (ja) | 2009-07-23 | 2014-02-12 | 日本精線株式会社 | 耐水素脆性に優れた高強度ステンレス鋼線及びそれを用いたステンレス鋼成形品 |
| JP4949536B2 (ja) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-06-13 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 耐水素脆化特性に優れた引張最大強度900MPa以上の高強度鋼板及びその製造方法 |
| WO2012043877A1 (ja) | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-05 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | オーステナイト系高Mnステンレス鋼およびその製造方法と、その鋼を用いた部材 |
| JP6099872B2 (ja) | 2012-03-15 | 2017-03-22 | オムロン株式会社 | Rfidリーダライタおよびrfidタグシステム |
| JP2014001422A (ja) | 2012-06-18 | 2014-01-09 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼板およびその製造方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-02-19 KR KR1020177023655A patent/KR101965524B1/ko active Active
- 2016-02-19 WO PCT/JP2016/054900 patent/WO2016143486A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-02-19 US US15/553,514 patent/US10501819B2/en active Active
- 2016-02-19 JP JP2017504946A patent/JP6492163B2/ja active Active
- 2016-02-19 CN CN201680012710.3A patent/CN107406934B/zh active Active
- 2016-02-19 EP EP16761458.5A patent/EP3266898B1/en active Active
- 2016-02-19 ES ES16761458T patent/ES2848386T3/es active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004111285A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-23 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | 水素ガス用オーステナイトステンレス鋼とその製造方法 |
| JP2007126688A (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-24 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp | 高圧水素ガス用オ−ステナイト系高Mnステンレス鋼 |
| EP2460904A2 (de) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke AG | Austenitischer Stahl für die Wasserstofftechnik |
| WO2012132992A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高圧水素ガス用高強度オーステナイトステンレス鋼 |
| JP2014047409A (ja) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-17 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 高圧水素ガス用高強度オーステナイトステンレス鋼 |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20190121800A (ko) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-10-28 | 닛테츠 스테인레스 가부시키가이샤 | 용접성이 우수한 수소용 고Mn 오스테나이트계 스테인리스 강, 그것을 사용한 용접 조인트 및 수소용 기기, 그리고 용접 조인트의 제조 방법 |
| CN110462082A (zh) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-11-15 | 日铁不锈钢株式会社 | 焊接性优良的氢用高Mn奥氏体系不锈钢、使用该不锈钢的焊接接头和氢用设备、以及焊接接头的制造方法 |
| EP3604595A4 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-03-18 | Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation | AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL WITH HIGH MN CONTENT FOR HYDROGEN WITH EXCELLENT WELDABILITY, WELDED JOINT THEREFORE, DEVICE FOR HYDROGEN THEREFORE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WELDED JOINT |
| JPWO2018180788A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-03-26 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | 溶接性に優れた水素用高Mnオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼、それを用いた溶接継手および水素用機器、並びに溶接継手の製造方法 |
| CN110462082B (zh) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-04-30 | 日铁不锈钢株式会社 | 焊接性优良的氢用高Mn奥氏体系不锈钢、使用该不锈钢的焊接接头和氢用设备、以及焊接接头的制造方法 |
| KR102265769B1 (ko) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-06-15 | 닛테츠 스테인레스 가부시키가이샤 | 용접성이 우수한 수소용 고Mn 오스테나이트계 스테인리스 강, 그것을 사용한 용접 조인트 및 수소용 기기, 그리고 용접 조인트의 제조 방법 |
| WO2018180788A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | 溶接性に優れた水素用高Mnオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼、それを用いた溶接継手および水素用機器、並びに溶接継手の製造方法 |
| US11225705B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2022-01-18 | Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation | High-Mn austenitic stainless steel for hydrogen having excellent weldability, welded joint using same, device for hydrogen using same, and method for producing welded joint |
| JP7012557B2 (ja) | 2018-02-23 | 2022-01-28 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | 高Mnオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 |
| JP2019143228A (ja) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | 高Mnオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 |
| KR20210127244A (ko) | 2019-03-26 | 2021-10-21 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 페라이트계 스테인리스 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US12312650B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2025-05-27 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
| WO2022255437A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-08 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材およびその製造方法ならびに水素用機器 |
| JPWO2022255437A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-12-08 | ||
| JP7705094B2 (ja) | 2021-06-03 | 2025-07-09 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材およびその製造方法ならびに水素用機器 |
| JP2022188481A (ja) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-21 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材および水素用機器 |
| JP7618508B2 (ja) | 2021-06-09 | 2025-01-21 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材および水素用機器 |
| WO2024128476A1 (ko) * | 2022-12-16 | 2024-06-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | 내수소취성 및 저온 충격인성이 향상된 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강, 및 그 제조방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107406934B (zh) | 2019-11-08 |
| KR101965524B1 (ko) | 2019-04-03 |
| ES2848386T3 (es) | 2021-08-09 |
| EP3266898A1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
| JP6492163B2 (ja) | 2019-03-27 |
| JPWO2016143486A1 (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
| US10501819B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
| CN107406934A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
| EP3266898B1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
| KR20170107067A (ko) | 2017-09-22 |
| US20180030566A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
| EP3266898A4 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6492163B2 (ja) | 耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 | |
| JP6684620B2 (ja) | 耐水素脆化特性に優れた高強度オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法、ならびに高圧水素ガスおよび液体水素環境中で用いる水素用機器 | |
| JP6451545B2 (ja) | 高圧水素ガス用高Mn鋼鋼材およびその製造方法、ならびにその鋼材からなる、配管、容器、バルブおよび継手 | |
| JP5131794B2 (ja) | 高圧水素ガス用高強度オーステナイトステンレス鋼 | |
| JP5786830B2 (ja) | 高圧水素ガス用高強度オーステナイトステンレス鋼 | |
| JP6004140B1 (ja) | オーステナイトステンレス鋼及びその製造方法 | |
| US11603573B2 (en) | High strength austenitic stainless steel having excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, method for manufacturing the same, and hydrogen equipment used for high-pressure hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen environment | |
| EP3219820B1 (en) | Nickel-base alloy-clad steel plate and method for producing the same | |
| JP6326265B2 (ja) | 熱間加工性と耐水素脆化特性に優れたオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 | |
| JP5842537B2 (ja) | 高圧水素貯蔵容器用高強度鋼材 | |
| JP7012557B2 (ja) | 高Mnオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびその製造方法 | |
| CN110462087A (zh) | 复合钢板及其制造方法 | |
| EP3686306B1 (en) | Steel plate and method for manufacturing same | |
| JPWO2019082324A1 (ja) | 低温用ニッケル含有鋼 | |
| JP6455342B2 (ja) | 高圧水素ガス用高Mn鋼鋼材ならびにその鋼材からなる、配管、容器、バルブおよび継手 | |
| CN115210400B (zh) | 钢材及其制造方法、以及罐 | |
| JP6455333B2 (ja) | 高圧水素ガス用高Mn鋼鋼材ならびにその鋼材からなる、配管、容器、バルブおよび継手 | |
| JP5565050B2 (ja) | 強度および低温靭性と脆性亀裂伝播停止特性に優れた9Ni鋼 | |
| CN118374731A (zh) | 高压氢气或液氢用奥氏体不锈钢及其制造方法 | |
| CN121046711A (zh) | 一种液化天然气用高强钢及其制造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16761458 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017504946 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177023655 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2016761458 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |