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WO2016036278A2 - Dispositif de transformation de déchets pétroliers - Google Patents

Dispositif de transformation de déchets pétroliers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016036278A2
WO2016036278A2 PCT/RU2015/000536 RU2015000536W WO2016036278A2 WO 2016036278 A2 WO2016036278 A2 WO 2016036278A2 RU 2015000536 W RU2015000536 W RU 2015000536W WO 2016036278 A2 WO2016036278 A2 WO 2016036278A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
steam generator
waste
conveyor
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2015/000536
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Other versions
WO2016036278A3 (fr
Inventor
Евгений Сергеевич СУСЕКОВ
Алексей Сергеевич ГРАДОВ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu "ekologicheskaya Toplivno-Energeticheskaya Kompaniya"
Original Assignee
Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu "ekologicheskaya Toplivno-Energeticheskaya Kompaniya"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2014136012/04A external-priority patent/RU2574411C1/ru
Application filed by Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu "ekologicheskaya Toplivno-Energeticheskaya Kompaniya" filed Critical Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu "ekologicheskaya Toplivno-Energeticheskaya Kompaniya"
Publication of WO2016036278A2 publication Critical patent/WO2016036278A2/fr
Publication of WO2016036278A3 publication Critical patent/WO2016036278A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a technology for the processing of oil waste and can be used in the oil and petrochemical industries to obtain hydrocarbon from waste, as well as in the energy sector to produce liquid and gaseous fuels from waste.
  • a device for processing organic and mineral wastes including a cylindrical body made with a double wall with an exit window for sampling liquid and gaseous fractions and equipped with a loading lid, a mixer located inside the housing with inlet and outlet windows for the coolant.
  • the mixer is made of three inclined tubular elements with blades located 120 ° and rigidly mounted at one end on the end wall of the housing with inlet windows for connection to heaters, and at the other end on the inner wall with exit windows for supplying coolant into the cavity between the two walls.
  • a feedstock compactor and a tube for removing steam and supplying liquid reagents are installed in the housing (RU, patent N ° 2507236, C10G1 / 00, 2012).
  • High energy consumption for waste processing associated with the periodic operation of the device ie the device is loaded with waste, heating, selection of the gas and liquid fractions and unloading of the treated residue is carried out. After that, the device must be loaded and heated again.
  • the closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a device for processing oil waste, containing intake body, conveyor, hopper, steam generator and furnace (SU, A.S. N ° 1783038, class E01H12 / 00, 1990).
  • the upper branch of the conveyor is passed through the hopper, the upper part of which is connected with the steam generator of the steam boiler, and the lower one for collecting oil products - with a fluidized bed furnace.
  • the technical result is to reduce energy consumption for the processing of oil waste, as well as to reduce harmful emissions into the environment.
  • the hopper is made in the form of a pyrolysis tunnel furnace, which is equipped with two heaters, placed one above the other and forming together the side channel of the furnace has a rectangular rectangular reaction channel
  • a conveyor is located in the tunnel furnace, the upper branch of which is passed through the reaction channel above the roller table installed in a rectangular steam box, which is placed on the upper surface of the lower heater and filled with dispersed pyrographite, and steam nozzles are installed vertically under the lower branch of the conveyor, which are placed along the line along the width of the conveyor and connected to the steam generator
  • the upper heater is connected by a gas duct to the lower one, which, in turn, is connected by a gas duct to the steam generator
  • the lower heater is provided with heat insulation, which is made in the form of a rectangular box with partitions forming the steam pipe, and installed on the lower heating surface of the heater, the steam
  • the implementation of the hopper in the form of a pyrolysis tunnel furnace which is equipped with two heaters placed one above the other and forming, together with the side walls of the furnace, a rectangular channel for the processing of oil waste by moving them in containers through the reaction channel while supplying heat by radiation from the upper heater, by heat conduction from the lower heater and by convection as a result of the movement of the vapor-gas medium (gaseous products pyrolysis of waste and water vapor) along the reaction channel to its outlet.
  • the vapor-gas medium when moving along the reaction channel, is heated as a result of heat exchange with the upper heater and gives off heat to the waste by heat exchange with waste in containers (the temperature of the waste in containers is lower than the temperature of the upper heater).
  • this design of the device provides heat transfer to the waste in all possible ways (radiation, heat conduction and convection), which significantly intensifies the process of heating the waste to a predetermined temperature, resulting in reduced time for processing, and, consequently, reduced energy consumption for the process processing. This is due to the fact that with a decrease in processing time reduces the amount of heat loss, which is directly proportional to the processing time.
  • the pyrographite layer in which the rollers rotate improves heat transfer from the heated surface of the heater to both the rollers themselves and to the waste in the containers.
  • heat will be transferred to the rollers from the heated surface of the heater through the gas layer (the rollers should not come into contact with the heater surface to prevent their braking and friction), and the intensity of heat transfer through the gas layer is much lower than the heat transfer through the pyrographite layer.
  • the thermal conductivity of gases is significantly (1000 times) lower than the thermal conductivity of solid materials (see Theoretical Foundations heat engineering, Handbook of 4 books, book 2. Publishing house MPEI, Moscow, 2001, p. 169).
  • the rotation of the rollers provides a kind of convective (transfer with a moving medium) heat transfer from heated pyrographite to the container.
  • the rollers are heated in a layer of pyrographite and cooled during rotation and contact with the bottom of the waste container.
  • pyrographite is a lubricant that reduces friction when the conveyor belt glides, and also does not undergo oxidation processes up to a temperature of 2000 ° C and does not interact chemically with hydrocarbons, i.e. is an inert material (see Chemical Encyclopedia, 5 vol. Publishing House “Soviet Encyclopedia", 1988, Vol. 1, pp. 1191 - 1192).
  • a rectangular box is used, in which pyrographite is filled up to the upper level. This is necessary to create good thermal contact of pyrographite and the conveyor belt during its movement, as a result of which intense heat transfer from the heater to the waste is ensured.
  • connection of the upper heater with the gas duct with the lower one which in turn is connected with the gas duct with the steam generator, provides the ability to pass the coolant in series, first the hotter coolant (combustion products from the furnace) enters the lower heater and, flowing through the heater, the coolant gives off heat, resulting in its temperature declining. Since the conveyor belt with waste in containers moves along the lower heater, the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from the lower heater to the waste is much larger than the amount of energy that is transmitted by radiation and convection from the upper heater to the waste.
  • the lower heater as a result of heat exchange with waste on the tape, cools more intensively than the upper one, and therefore, it is necessary (so that its temperature does not decrease) to supply more heat, and for this it is necessary to lower heater supply coolant with a higher temperature than the upper one.
  • the lower heater with thermal insulation, which is made in the form of a rectangular box with partitions forming the steam line, and is installed on the lower heating surface of the heater, and the steam line input is connected to the steam generator, and the output is connected to the reaction channel, it allows overheating of working water vapor and steam supply into the reaction channel.
  • the thermal insulation located on the lower surface of the lower heater is a heat shield, i.e. reduces heating of the lower branch of the conveyor with containers. This is necessary so that this branch (lower) does not overheat to a high temperature, since the supply of containers for loading at high temperature creates a danger of the container breaking when loading waste containing water and having a much lower temperature than a heated container.
  • steam nozzles are installed vertically in the tunnel furnace under the lower branch of the conveyor, which are placed along the line along the width of the conveyor and connected to a steam generator. Saturated water vapor is constantly supplied to the nozzles at a pressure of at least 0.6 MPa, as a result steam jets are formed that hit the surface of the containers and tear off solid products from their walls.
  • saturated water vapor has a higher density than superheated one (see Theoretical Foundations of Heat Engineering, Handbook in 4 books, Book 2. MEI Publishing House, M, 2001, pp. 130-131) and therefore the efficiency of a jet of such steam when cleaning the container, it will be higher than jets of superheated water vapor with a lower density, i.e. a saturated steam jet exerts a higher pressure on the surface of the container than a jet of lighter overheated water vapor.
  • saturated water vapor at temperatures up to 160 ° C allows also cooling the container heated to 600 - 650 ° C. In this case, the steam itself overheats and enters the reaction zone as an additional coolant. This means that the thermal energy of the containers and conveyor belt is recycled (returned) to carry out the process of pyrolysis of oil waste.
  • the process of the necessary cooling of the containers before they are fed to the load is also carried out, i.e. the process of thermal shock on containers as a result of loading oil waste containing moisture is excluded.
  • the implementation of the intake body in the form of a heat exchanger in which pipes are horizontally staggered in rows, the input of which is connected to the output of the condenser, and the output is connected to its input, provides the possibility of heating oil waste in order to reduce their viscosity (increase fluidity), which is necessary to ensure uniform supply of waste for processing, and also allows you to remove from waste extraneous inclusions, the presence of which can lead to failure of the pyrolysis furnace and subsequent equipment.
  • the use of rows of pipes staggered ensures intensification of heating of the waste (waste flows from one pipe to another, and does not fall through the rows of pipes, as happens when placing pipes in rows one pipe under another).
  • a perforated pipe installed along the axis of rotation of the drum, the input of which is connected to the steam generator, makes it possible to treat foreign inclusions that are trapped on the drum grid with steam, as a result of which oil waste is completely removed from the surface of foreign inclusions. This allows not only to clean extraneous inclusions from oil waste, but also to prevent the release (together with inclusions) of part of them (waste) into the environment, which reduces harmful emissions into the environment during the processing of oil waste.
  • connection of the casing exit to the inlet of the pyrolysis tunnel furnace ensures hermetic (without contact with the environment, and therefore without the release of gaseous hydrocarbons into the atmosphere) supply of refined oil wastes from extraneous inclusions into the pyrolysis tunnel furnace for processing.
  • Figure 1 shows a General view of a device for processing oil waste.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a pyrolysis furnace.
  • the device comprises a heat exchanger 1, equipped with a lock gate 2 and pipes 3; a pump 4 connected to a capacitor 5; pipeline 6, a mesh drum 7 installed in the casing 8; supporting roller 9; stretch marks 10; perforated pipe And; drive 12; a steam generator 13 with a crane 14; steam manifold 15; drive16; dispenser 17; lock gate 18; drive 19; airlock 20; container 21; drive 22 with conveyor belt 23; bottom heater 24; capacity 25; taps 26 and 27 connected to the nozzles 28 and 29; cyclone furnace 30; a mixer 31 with a temperature sensor 32 and a crane 33; live roll 34 installed in the box 35 with pyrographite 36; a gas duct 37 connected to the upper heater 38; crane 39; a smoke exhauster 40 connected to a scrubber 41; a pump 42 connected to the nozzles 43; cooling tower 44 with a temperature sensor 45 and a pipe 46; water acidity monitoring sensor 47; pump 48; filter 49
  • the device operates as follows:
  • the pipe 6 is hermetically connected to the casing 8, in which a mesh drum 7 is mounted on the supporting roller 9, which is fastened with stretch marks 10 to the perforated pipe 11.
  • the perforated pipe 11 simultaneously serves as an axis drive 12 for rotating the mesh drum 7.
  • the sludge flows out into the casing 8, and inclusions, the size of which is larger than the size of the mesh cell of the drum, held on a grid and advancing under the influence of its own weight from the entrance to the drum 7 to its exit.
  • Foreign inclusions limestones, metal parts, polymer, wood inclusions
  • Oil waste cleaned from foreign impurities from the casing 8 through the dispenser 17 in a predetermined quantity with the open lock gate 18 is fed to the drive 19.
  • the shutter 18 is closed, and the shutter 20 open, and a given portion of oil sludge falls into the container 21, which at that moment is installed under the shutter 20.
  • oil sludge is loaded into the next container.
  • the container 21 after moving is mounted on the lower heater
  • the heat from the heated upper surface of the lower heater is transferred through heat conduction to the roller table 34 installed in a rectangular box 35, which is placed on the upper surface of the lower heater and filled with dispersed pyrographite 36, as a result of which the roller table 34 and pyrographite 36 are heated to a temperature of 700 - 800 ° ⁇ .
  • heat is transmitted through heat conduction from the heated rolling table 34 with pyrographite 36 through the bottom of the container 21 to the oil sludge that is in this container.
  • the combustion products passing through the lower heater through the gas duct 37 enter the upper heater 38, flow through the heater, and enter the steam generator 13 through the gas duct 83.
  • This allows you to increase the energy efficiency of the processing process, because high-temperature combustion products are not thrown into the scrubber, where a large amount of water would have to be spent to cool them, but used to produce working water vapor.
  • the fuel supply from the tank 25 to the steam generator 13 is stopped.
  • T 25-30 ° C
  • the acidity increases to a predetermined limit (control according to the readings of the sensor 47)
  • water from the scrubber is partially discharged through the filter 49 and the tap 50 is drained into the sewer, after which, in the filter 49, its acidity with chemical reagents (alkali) is reduced to the specified limits.
  • Part of the water through the acidity reduction and purification system 51 and the tap 52 are returned to the steam generator 13 to produce working water vapor, which reduces the water consumption for the implementation of the oil waste processing process.
  • the combustion products flowing through the upper heater 38 heat the heater walls, from which heat is transferred by radiation to the oil waste located in containers on the conveyor belt.
  • T 650 - 700 ° C
  • the hydrocarbons contained in the oil waste partially evaporate and partially undergo thermal decomposition with the formation of gases and solid products that remain in containers.
  • the containers move from the entrance to the exit of the reaction channel 53 and enter the discharge zone.
  • containers In the unloading zone, containers overturn as a result of their movement along the lower branch of the conveyor belt.
  • a series of nozzles 55 located in the discharge zone under the lower branch of the conveyor the containers are cleaned of residual solid decomposition products of oil waste.
  • reaction channel 53 water vapor is mixed with gaseous products of thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, and a vapor-gas mixture is formed, which the tap 57 from the reaction channel 53 is discharged into a cyclone 58, where solid particles are separated from the vapor-gas stream (solid particles carried away from the vapor-gas mixture from the reaction channel 53).
  • the dust deposited in the cyclone is discharged to the accumulator 59.
  • the steam-gas stream purified from solid particles is fed from the cyclone 58 to a mixing condenser 61 using a compressor 60.
  • the mixing condenser 61 In the mixing condenser 61, the process of heat and mass transfer between droplets of liquid products and the components of the gas-vapor stream occurs.
  • the resulting liquid fraction from the mixing capacitor is constantly poured into the tank 25. From the tank 25, the liquid fraction is poured into the tank 62.
  • T 20-30 ° C
  • a mixture of water and liquid hydrocarbons is formed, which is drained from the condenser 5 into a separator 67 and water is separated from the liquid hydrocarbons. Water from the separator 67 is discharged into the accumulator 68, liquid hydrocarbons from the separator 67 are discharged into the tank 62.
  • Non-condensable hydrocarbons are formed in the condenser 5.
  • the solid products unloaded from the containers are fed through a batcher 73 to a screw conveyor 74, through the jacket of which cooling water is pumped from a cooling tower 44 through a pump 75.
  • Using the proposed device for the processing of oil waste will reduce energy consumption for the processing of oil waste, as well as reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the environment.

Landscapes

  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des technologies de transformation de déchets pétroliers et peut s'utiliser en industrie d'extraction pétrolière ou pétrochimique pour obtenir une charge d'hydrocarbure à partir de déchets ainsi qu'en génie énergétique pour obtenir des combustibles liquides ou gazeux à partir de déchets. Le résultat technique visé par l'invention consiste à baisser la consommation de pétrole nécessaire à la transformation de déchets pétroliers et à réduire les émissions nocives dans l'environnement. Ce résultat technique est obtenu grâce au fait que dans un dispositif de transformation de déchets pétroliers comprenant un organe de prise, un transporteur (23), une trémie, un générateur de vapeur (13) et un four (30), la trémie a été réalisée sous la forme d'un four tunnel de pyrolyse qui est muni de deux réchauffeurs (24 et 38) disposé l'un au-dessus de l'autre et formant avec les parois latérales du four (82) un conduit de réaction à section rectangulaire. Le brin supérieur du transporteur (23) passe par le conduit de réaction (53) au-dessus du convoyeur à rouleaux (34) monté dans une caisse rectangulaire (35) qui est disposée sur la surface supérieure du réchauffeur inférieur (24) et est remplie de pyrocarbone dispersé (36). Sous le brin inférieur du transporteur (23) on a disposé des buses à vapeur (28, 29) verticales, qui sont ménagées le long de la ligne suivant la largeur du transporteur et son branchées sur le générateur de vapeur (13). Le réchauffeur supérieur (38) est relié par un conduit de gaz (37) au réchauffeur inférieur (24) qui est, à son tour, relié par le conduit de gaz au générateur de vapeur (13), et le réchauffeur inférieur (24) est doté d'une isolation thermique (79) qui est fabriquée sous la forme d'une caisse rectangulaire avec des cloisons formant un conduit de vapeur et est montée sur la surface chauffante inférieure du réchauffeur (24). L'entrée du conduit de vapeur est branchée au générateur de vapeur (13) et sa sortie est branchée sur le conduit de réaction (53). L'organe de prise se présente comme un échangeur de chaleur (1) dans lequel on a disposé en quinconce les conduits (3) dont l'entrée est branchée sur la sortie du condenseur (5), et la sortie est branchée sur l'entrée. La sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur est branchée à l'entrée du tambour à grille (7) monté dans une chemise étanche (8) rotative, et on a installé le long de l'axe de rotation du tambour (7) un tuyau perforé (11) dont l'entrée est branchée au générateur de vapeur (13). La sortie du tambour (7) est branchée à l'accumulateur (16), et la sortie de la chemise (8) est branchée sur l'entrée du four tunnel de pyrolyse.
PCT/RU2015/000536 2014-09-03 2015-08-26 Dispositif de transformation de déchets pétroliers Ceased WO2016036278A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2014136012 2014-09-03
RU2014136012/04A RU2574411C1 (ru) 2014-09-03 Устройство для переработки нефтяных отходов

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016036278A2 true WO2016036278A2 (fr) 2016-03-10
WO2016036278A3 WO2016036278A3 (fr) 2016-05-12

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106380051A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2017-02-08 成都鑫泽机械有限公司 油泥处理装置及油泥处理方法
CN106746412A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-31 四机赛瓦石油钻采设备有限公司 一种含油固态废弃物三相分离装置
CN113737002A (zh) * 2021-09-23 2021-12-03 东营新科信特陶有限责任公司 一种油泥-芦苇资源化利用方法及装置

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1783038A1 (ru) * 1990-03-14 1992-12-23 Inst Teplo I Massoobmena Akade УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ДИСПЕРСНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА<img src="SU1783038A1-1_files/SU
RU2320699C1 (ru) * 2006-12-05 2008-03-27 Ооо "Тту" Способ и установка термической переработки высокозольных и низкокалорийных твердых топлив

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106380051A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2017-02-08 成都鑫泽机械有限公司 油泥处理装置及油泥处理方法
CN106746412A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-31 四机赛瓦石油钻采设备有限公司 一种含油固态废弃物三相分离装置
CN113737002A (zh) * 2021-09-23 2021-12-03 东营新科信特陶有限责任公司 一种油泥-芦苇资源化利用方法及装置

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