WO2016036011A1 - 온도 감응성 글리콜 키토산 유도체를 이용한 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기 및 이를 이용한 스페로이드 형성 방법 - Google Patents
온도 감응성 글리콜 키토산 유도체를 이용한 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기 및 이를 이용한 스페로이드 형성 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016036011A1 WO2016036011A1 PCT/KR2015/007993 KR2015007993W WO2016036011A1 WO 2016036011 A1 WO2016036011 A1 WO 2016036011A1 KR 2015007993 W KR2015007993 W KR 2015007993W WO 2016036011 A1 WO2016036011 A1 WO 2016036011A1
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- glycol chitosan
- spheroid
- hexaniylate
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- 0 C[C@](C(C*CCO)O[C@](C1N)O)C1O Chemical compound C[C@](C(C*CCO)O[C@](C1N)O)C1O 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M3/00—Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0068—General culture methods using substrates
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/10—Petri dish
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/20—Material Coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/70—Polysaccharides
- C12N2533/72—Chitin, chitosan
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a culture vessel for spheroid formation, which is a three-dimensional cell tissue having a function equivalent to that in vivo, and a spheroid formation method using the same.
- Two-dimensional cell culture has a limitation that does not properly simulate the cell environmental conditions in our body.
- Conventional three-dimensional cell culture methods include Hanging-drop method, rotary culture method, centrifugation method, micro molding method, and the like, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-327465 A method of culturing a spheroid by seeding a plurality of single cells in a funnel-shaped well and agglomerating and dividing the single cells at the bottom surface, in Korean Patent No. 10-1341572, the plate portion: and extends from one side of the plate portion. It discloses a method of culturing using a three-dimensional cell culture tool comprising a plurality of cell receiving portion including a hollow tube therein.
- This three-dimensional cell culture method evaluates the effects of regenerative medicine or hybrid artificial organs, production of bioavailable materials, investigation and investigation of the function of biological tissues and organs, screening of new drugs, and endocrine disruptors. It is expected to be used in industries of various fields such as animal experiment replacement method and cell chip having a sensor function.
- An object of the present invention is a culture vessel for spheroid formation and a spheroid using the same, which can form a three-dimensional cell spheroid in a short time by using a glycol chitosan derivative having reversible sol-gel transition properties according to temperature It is to provide a formation method.
- a culture vessel for the spheroid formation is coated on the surface of the culture space of the glycol chitosan derivative of formula (I):
- R 1 is a C1-C18 alkyl group
- x, y, z are integers from 10 to 10000, and their mole% is 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8, 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.15, and 0.05 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.9.)
- the present invention provides a method for forming a spheroid using a culture vessel coated with a glycol chitosan derivative of Chemical Formula 1 on the surface of the culture space.
- a relatively simple separation of spheroids formed only by temperature change after culturing cells using a culture vessel coated with glycol chitosan derivatives capable of reversible sol-gel transition with temperature and little cell hydrophilicity The cell spheroid can be obtained in a short time by the method.
- the cell spheroid thus formed can maintain the specific function of the cell for a long time.
- 1 is a 1 H-NMR spectrum of N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 a) is a photo showing the sol-gel behavior of N- hexaniylate glycol chitosan according to an embodiment of the present invention
- b) is a sol-gel according to the concentration of N- hexaniylate glycol chitosan Transition temperature change graph.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a method for forming a spheroid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 a) Matrigel-coated culture vessel, b) N-acetylate glycol chitosan coating vessel, c) N- hexaniylate glycol chitosan coating vessel in the vascular endothelial progenitor cell culture in the optical appearance of spheroid formation It is a photograph observed under a microscope.
- FIG. 6A is a graph comparing cell proliferation rate and cell viability during cardiomyocyte cell culture in a general culture vessel, glycol chitosan coating vessel, and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coating vessel
- FIG. 5B is a general culture vessel, glycol chitosan In the coating vessel, N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coating vessel is a photograph showing the results of the survival / death assay when cultured myocardial cells.
- Figure 7 is a photograph of the observation of the spheroid formation according to the number of cells during the myocardial cell culture in an ordinary culture vessel, glycol chitosan coating vessel, N- hexaniylate glycol chitosan coating vessel by optical microscope.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the distribution of myocardial cell spheroid diameter according to the cell concentration in the myocardial cell culture in the glycol chitosan coated culture vessel and N- hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated vessel.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of survival / death analysis in a spheroid state by culturing cardiomyocyte spheroids formed in a general culture vessel, a glycol chitosan coated culture vessel, and an N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated vessel for 3 days and 7 days, respectively. Confocal fluorescence micrograph.
- Figure 10 is a photograph of the observation of the spheroid formation according to the number of cells during the chondrocyte culture in a normal culture vessel and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coating vessel by optical microscope.
- Figure 11 is a graph comparing the time required for spheroid formation of the spheroid formation method using the cultivation method and the N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coating vessel.
- the present invention provides a method of forming a three-dimensional cell spheroid (spheroid) through cell culture using a glycol chitosan derivative having a temperature-sensitive characteristic of reversible sol-gel transition at a specific temperature.
- glycol chitosan derivative substituted with a glycol group at position 5 a part of the amine group at position 2 is an acetyl group and R 1 is Glycol chitosan derivatives substituted with alkylacyl groups which are C1 to C18 alkyl groups are used:
- R 1 is a C1-C18 alkyl group
- x, y, z are integers from 10 to 10000, and their mole% is 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8, 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.15, and 0.05 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.9.)
- glycol chitosan derivative whose phase transition critical temperature is 37 degrees C or less. More preferably N-propionyl glycol chitosan; N-butyrolate glycol chitosan; N-pentanionate glycol chitosan; N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan; N-acetylate glycol chitosan.
- glycol chitosan derivative of the present invention forms a hydrogel at the temperature above the phase transition critical temperature without chemical crosslinking, and at a temperature below that, the phase changes from a gel state to a sol state.
- sol-gel transition occurs in a range of degree of substitution, and the critical substitution degree capable of sol-gel transition is 20 to 95% (corresponding to the z value in Chemical Formula 1), preferably 20 to 70%. Outside of this range, no reversible sol-gel transition occurs.
- the critical degree of substitution may vary depending on the type of the substituent, and the degree of substitution of the -NH acyl glycol chitosan prepared in Examples of the present invention is within 20 to 67% of sol-gel transition.
- sol-gel critical temperature may vary depending on the molecular weight of the glycol chitosan derivative having a hydrophobic substituent, and preferably the derivative may be used in the range of 100 to 5,000,000, preferably 200 to 100,000.
- the above-described glycol chitosan derivative is coated on the surface of the inner culture space.
- the surface of the culture space refers to a portion where the culture vessel and the cell contact.
- the material and shape of the culture vessel is not particularly limited.
- examples thereof include acrylic resin, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, styrene resin, acrylic styrene copolymer resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin , Thermoplastic elastomer, vinyl chloride resin, and silicone resin, or a combination thereof.
- glycol chitosan derivatives have low affinity with the cells and thus do not bind with the cells in the cell culture to induce cell aggregation. Therefore, it is possible to effectively form a three-dimensional cell spheroid (spheroid) when the cell culture in a culture vessel coated with glycol chitosan derivatives.
- the glycol chitosan derivative is preferably contained in an amount of 4% by weight or more in the coating solution in order to have a phase transition critical temperature suitable for cell culture.
- the coating solution includes a glycol chitosan derivative and a cell culture medium.
- the spheroid forming method of the present invention uses the culture vessel described above for cell culture.
- Cells that can be cultured are not particularly limited in the present invention, and any cell known in the art can be used, for example, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, human cord blood Cells and mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, myoblasts, cardiac stem cells, and the like can be used.
- the mesenchymal stem cells may be isolated from, but not limited to, bone marrow, muscle, fat, umbilical cord blood, amniotic membrane, or amniotic fluid.
- the vascular endothelial progenitor cells may be isolated from, but not limited to, blood, umbilical cord blood, embryos or bone marrow.
- the glycol chitosan derivative of the present invention having a phase transition critical temperature of 37 ° C. or less, which is a general cell culture temperature, effectively induces spheroid formation by forming a hydrogel formed without chemical crosslinking during cell culture, and has a spheroid of a certain size.
- phase transition critical temperature 37 ° C. or less
- 37 ° C. or less which is a general cell culture temperature
- the -NH alkylacyl glycol chitosan prepared above was diluted in PBS at a concentration of 4 wt%, and sol-gel behavior was confirmed.
- N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan has a sol state which flows well at low temperature but becomes a gel state at high temperature, and thus the sol-gel phase transition behavior according to a temperature that does not flow well even when the vial is tilted. I could confirm it.
- N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan was measured by the tube inverting method, and the results are shown in b) of FIG. 3.
- N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan was dissolved in PBS (Phosphate-buffer saline) solution, prepared at various concentrations, and sufficiently dissolved while stored at a temperature of 4 ° C.
- Prepared samples were measured at elevated temperatures using a Multi-Blok ® heater. When the vial was tilted and observed for 30 seconds, it was regarded as a sol state and not a gel state.
- sol-gel transition occurred below 37 ° C. in various concentrations, and proceeded to a lower viscosity of 4 wt% N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan.
- glycol chitosan weight average molecular weight 400 kDa, acetylation degree 9.34 ⁇ 2.50% (when measured by 1 H NMR), Sigma-Aldrich, Inc., USA
- 25 ml was diluted by adding methanol. It was.
- acetic anhydride Sigma-Aldrich, Inc., USA
- glycol chitosan and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan dissolved in DMEM medium at 4 wt% in a 35 mm diameter Petri dish were added to each other to spread the needle evenly over the entire bottom surface.
- the tip was applied using a syringe tip.
- the coated Petri dishes were stored over-night (O / N) in a 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 incubator.
- the cultured rat fetal cardiomyocytes were trypsinized and suspended in single cells. Trypsin was inactivated with a medium containing serum, and then cells were collected by centrifugation. The collected cells were changed to fresh medium and the cells were counted.
- the counted cells were added to a coated 35 mm Petri dish with a final media volume of 3 ml. Incubated for about one day at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 incubator. One day later, the cells were checked for microscopic aggregation.
- Collagen was coated on 96-well plates. It was spread to a myocardial cells isolated from rat fetal 2x10 4 gae / 100ul. The next day, the mixture was changed to glycol chitosan and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan medium diluted to 1wt%. The day after laying the cells was counted as 1 day, and the cells were changed into fresh medium every 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and MTT analysis was performed every day to confirm the cell proliferation rate according to the date.
- Collagen was coated on a 12 mm diameter cover slip and placed in a 24-well plate. 1x10 5 cardiomyocytes isolated from rat fetuses were laid. The next day, the mixture was replaced with glycol chitosan and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan medium diluted to 1 wt%. After 3 days of medium change, a live-dead assay (abcam, ab65470) was performed and the results are shown in B of FIG. 6.
- glycol chitosan and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan affect the cardiomyocytes' three-dimensional spheroid formation
- the myocardium was applied to each of Petri dish, glycol chitosan coated dish, and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated dish.
- the cells were cultured at various concentrations.
- the number of cardiomyocytes was 0.5x10 5 , 1x10 5 , 2x10 5 , 5x10 5 , and 10x10 5 , respectively, diluted in 3 mL of DMEM medium containing 10% serum and 1X penicillin / streptomycin and prepared 35 mm Petri.
- the dish was dispensed into petri dishes coated with glycol chitosan and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan. Incubation was performed in 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 incubator for one day.
- Each Petri dish, cell concentration, and shape of spheroids over time were observed at X100 magnification by light microscopy. The results are shown in A and B of FIG. 6.
- the spheroid was formed mostly from day 1 in a plate coated with glycol chitosan and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan.
- a plate coated with glycol chitosan and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan In 2x10 5 to 10x10 5 cardiomyocytes, spheroids formed well, and in control petri dishes, some spheroids were formed as the number of cells increased, while others remained floating to maintain single cells. It appeared to adhere to the cotton. It was noted that although the number of cells was small, the plate coated with N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan was similar to the spheroid size formed in 2x10 5 of the glycol chitosan coated groups.
- the control Petri dish was found that most of the cardiomyocytes were single cells and attached to the bottom surface.
- the spheroids formed were attached to the bottom surface, and the single cells present in the vicinity were also attached to the bottom surface.
- N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan was confirmed that the spheroid keeps well without sticking to the bottom. After 3 days, most of the cells in the Petri dish group adhered to the bottom surface and even a small number of spheroids were attached.
- glycol chitosan-coated dish was confirmed that the spheroid formed in the day 1 stuck to the bottom surface as it is, the cells spread around. N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated dish was maintained as similar to day 1, it was confirmed that the floating spheroid is well maintained without attaching to the bottom surface.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the distribution of cardiomyocyte spheroid diameter according to the cell concentration in the myocardial cell culture in glycol chitosan coated culture dish and N- hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated dish.
- the spheroids prepared above were incubated for 3 days and the diameter and the number of spheroids were counted.
- the cardiomyocyte spheroids cultured in the glycol chitosan coated dishes had a diameter distribution of 100 ⁇ m or less, and the spheroids cultured in the N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated dishes It was confirmed that more spheroids were formed than glycol chitosan while having a diameter distribution of less than 150um.
- the spheroids prepared above were incubated for 3 days and 7 days, followed by a live / dead assay as it was. The image was taken using a confocal fluorescence microscope. The results are shown in FIG.
- the Petri dish and N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated dish were mostly green fluorescing on the third day and almost no dead cells were observed.
- the spheroids of the 3-day glycol chitosan-coated dishes showed that the dead cells were distributed from within the spheroids.
- the result was similar to the 3rd day.
- the spheroids of N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated dishes were observed a little more dead cells on day 7, but when compared to the spheroid size, the survival rate was higher than glycol chitosan.
- myocardial cell spheroids were maintained for 10 days in a glycol chitosan, N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan coated dish.
- the pulsating strength of N-hexaniylate glycol chitosan was more consistent and consistent than that of glycol chitosan.
- the conventional method of producing spheroids is by hanging gravity, which involves dropping a cell-mixed medium onto a Petri dish cover.
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Claims (13)
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 1의 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 치환도가 20∼95%인 것을 특징으로 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 하기 화합물 중에서 선택된 1종을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기:N-프로피오닐레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-부티로일레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-펜타니오닐레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-헥사니오닐레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-아세틸레이트 글리콜 키토산
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 중량평균분자량이 200∼5,000,000인 것을 특징으로 하는 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 상전이 임계 온도 이상의 온도에서는 화학 가교 형성이 없이 이루어지는 하이드로젤을 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 상전이 임계 온도는 37 ℃ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 1의 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 치환도가 20∼95%인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 하기 화합물 중에서 선택된 1종을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법:N-프로피오닐레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-부티로일레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-펜타니오닐레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-헥사니오닐레이트 글리콜 키토산;N-아세틸레이트 글리콜 키토산
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 중량평균분자량이 200∼5,000,000인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 글리콜 키토산 유도체는 상전이 임계 온도 이상의 온도에서는 화학 가교 형성이 없이 이루어지는 하이드로젤을 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 상전이 임계 온도는 37 ℃ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 글리콜 키토산 유도체의 상전이 임계 온도 미만으로 온도를 낮추어 형성된 스페로이드를 분리하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/504,062 US10329527B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2015-07-30 | Spheroid forming culture container using temperature-sensitive glycol chitosan derivative, and spheroid forming method using same |
| JP2017512290A JP6581650B2 (ja) | 2014-09-02 | 2015-07-30 | 温度感応性グリコールキトサン誘導体を利用したスフェロイド形成用培養容器及びそれを利用したスフェロイドの形成方法 |
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| KR10-2014-0116020 | 2014-09-02 | ||
| KR1020140116020A KR101647793B1 (ko) | 2014-09-02 | 2014-09-02 | 온도 감응성 글리콜 키토산 유도체를 이용한 스페로이드 형성용 배양 용기 및 이를 이용한 스페로이드 형성 방법 |
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| JP (1) | JP6581650B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR101647793B1 (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2016036011A1 (ko) |
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| KR101815390B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-01-04 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 세포 배양용 배지 조성물 |
| KR102038496B1 (ko) * | 2016-10-07 | 2019-10-30 | 울산과학기술원 | 다공성막을 이용한 현적 세포 배양 기기, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 이용한 현적 세포 배양 방법, 및 현적 세포 배양 자동화 장치 |
| WO2018199617A1 (ko) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-01 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 고생존율 및 고기능성 내분비 세포클러스터의 제조방법 |
| KR102051525B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-12-05 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 고생존율 및 고기능성 내분비 세포클러스터의 제조방법 |
| KR101965900B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-04-05 | 한국화학연구원 | 스페로이드 형성 및 카운팅 기기 및 이의 제조 방법, 그리고 이를 이용한 스페로이드 배양 방법 및 계수 방법 |
| KR102122084B1 (ko) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-06-12 | 주식회사 랩투랩 | 중간엽 줄기세포 노화 억제용 조성물 및 이를 이용한 중간엽 줄기세포 배양 방법 |
| KR20210098085A (ko) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-10 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 3차원 세포 스페로이드 배양용 웰 플레이트, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용한 3차원 세포 스페로이드 배양 방법 |
| EP4378469A1 (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2024-06-05 | Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslu Universitetas | The use of proanthocyanidin fractions obtained from lingonberry leaves and fruits for the preparation of cancer cell spheroids and their effects in cancer cells |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20160027669A (ko) | 2016-03-10 |
| US10329527B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 |
| KR101647793B1 (ko) | 2016-08-12 |
| US20170275586A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| JP2017526373A (ja) | 2017-09-14 |
| JP6581650B2 (ja) | 2019-09-25 |
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