WO2016031942A1 - 電解質シート及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電解質シート及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016031942A1 WO2016031942A1 PCT/JP2015/074305 JP2015074305W WO2016031942A1 WO 2016031942 A1 WO2016031942 A1 WO 2016031942A1 JP 2015074305 W JP2015074305 W JP 2015074305W WO 2016031942 A1 WO2016031942 A1 WO 2016031942A1
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- electrolyte sheet
- coating layer
- sheet
- electrolyte
- lithium ion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte sheet, a method for producing an electrolyte sheet, and an article.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a composite oxide represented by Li 1 + x + y Al x Ti 2-x Si y P 3-y O 12 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) is added to Zr, Hf, Y, Sm.
- a lithium ion conductive material containing a compound doped with at least one element selected from is disclosed.
- this lithium ion conductive material has low reduction resistance.
- metallic lithium which can be expected to improve energy density, as an electrode material, but when metallic lithium is used as an electrode material in direct contact with this lithium ion conductive material, titanium, the first transition metal element that is a constituent element Is reduced and deteriorated, and the ion conduction performance is lowered. Therefore, it is desired to improve the reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte sheet having high lithium ion conductivity and excellent resistance to reduction deterioration with respect to metallic lithium in view of the above-described problems of the related art.
- One embodiment of the present invention is the first transition since the raw material containing Li, Zr, P, and O on a substrate having a NASICON-type crystal structure containing Li, Ti, Al, P, and O in the electrolyte sheet.
- a coating layer having a NASICON crystal structure that does not contain a metal is formed.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a process for producing a substrate having a NASICON type crystal structure by firing a raw material containing a Li-containing compound, a Ti-containing compound, an Al-containing compound, and a P-containing compound in a method for producing an electrolyte sheet. And a raw material containing a Li-containing compound, a Zr-containing compound and a P-containing compound and not containing a first transition metal-containing compound to produce a coating layer having a NASICON type crystal structure, or on the substrate Forming a step.
- an electrolyte sheet having high lithium ion conductivity and excellent resistance to reduction deterioration with respect to metallic lithium.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship of the lithium ion conductivity with the firing temperature of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-1-1 to 2-1-7.
- 2 is a cross-sectional SEM image of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-2-2 to 2-2-5.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship of lithium ion conductivity with respect to the thickness of the coating layer of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-2-1 to 2-2-6 and Example 4.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in cell resistance over time when a coin cell produced using the electrolyte sheet of Example 2-2-3 is held at 25 ° C. for 100 hours and then heated at 85 ° C. for 12 hours. It is a figure which shows a time-dependent change of cell resistance at the time of heating the coin cell produced using the electrolyte sheet of Example 2-2-3 at 85 degreeC for 6 hours. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of the alternating current impedance of the coin cell produced using the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of the cell resistance of the coin cell produced using the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3. 6 is a cross-sectional SEM image of the electrolyte sheet of Example 5.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional SEM image of the electrolyte sheet of Example 5.
- the electrolyte sheet according to the present embodiment includes Li, Zr, P, and O on a base material having a NASICON type crystal structure including Li, Ti, Al, P, and O, and includes a first transition metal derived from a raw material.
- a coating layer having no NASICON type crystal structure is formed.
- the electrolyte sheet of the present embodiment can be applied to electrolyte membranes of lithium ion batteries, metal lithium-air batteries, separators, separators of lithium ion capacitors, and the like.
- the base material has a NASICON type crystal structure containing Li, Ti, Al, P, and O.
- a material having high lithium ion conductivity but not high resistance to reduction deterioration against metallic lithium is used.
- a compound represented by Li 1 + x Al x Ti 2-x P 3 O 12 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) is preferably used.
- a base material can be produced by firing a compound containing an element constituting the compound, that is, a raw material containing a Li-containing compound, an Al-containing compound, a Ti-containing compound, or a P-containing compound. More specific examples include Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 TiO 3 , TiO 2 , H 3 PO 4 , Al 2 (CO 3 ) 3 , AlPO 4 , Al (PO 3 ) 3 , Al (OH) as raw materials. ) 3 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 and the like.
- the raw materials are prepared in such a ratio that the composition when the raw materials of the base material are baked alone is the following composition ratio.
- the content of Li in the substrate is preferably 5.5 to 13 mol%, more preferably 8 to 10 mol%, and still more preferably 8.5 to 9.5 mol%.
- the content of Ti in the substrate is preferably 9 to 10 mol%, more preferably 8 to 10 mol%, and still more preferably 8.5 to 9.5 mol%.
- the content of Al in the substrate is preferably 1 to 1.5 mol%, more preferably 1.2 to 1.4 mol%, and further preferably 1.2 to 1.3 mol%.
- the content of P in the substrate is preferably 15 to 18 mol%, more preferably 15 to 16 mol%, and further preferably 15 to 15.5 mol%.
- the content of O in the substrate is preferably 60 to 65 mol%, more preferably 61 to 65 mol%, still more preferably 63 to 64.5 mol%.
- the base material further includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Zr, Y, Si and B.
- the firing temperature can be reduced.
- the density and bending strength of the base material can be improved, and further, lithium ion conductivity can be improved.
- the raw material of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Zr, Y, Si, and B is not particularly limited, and includes elements such as Zr, Y, Si, and B during firing using thermal diffusion. Addition from a contact material or a known compound can be used as a raw material.
- a base material can be produced by firing a raw material containing a compound containing an element constituting the compound, that is, a Zr-containing compound, a Y-containing compound, a Si-containing compound, or a B-containing compound.
- zirconia, yttria, yttria stabilized zirconia, silica, silicon, SiC, B 2 O 3 , LiBO 3 or the like can be used as a raw material.
- the content of Zr in the substrate is preferably 0.001 to 0.04 mol%, more preferably 0.01 to 0.04 mol%, still more preferably 0.02 to 0.03 mol%. . Sinterability improves that content of Zr in a base material is in the above-mentioned range.
- the content of Y in the substrate is preferably 0.00001 to 0.03 mol%, more preferably 0.0001 to 0.01 mol%, and still more preferably 0.0005 to 0.0015 mol%. . Sinterability improves that content of Y in a base material is in the above-mentioned range.
- the Si content in the substrate is preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mol%, more preferably 0.9 to 1.2 mol%, and still more preferably 1.0 to 1.1 mol%. . Sinterability improves that content of Si in a base material is in the said range.
- the content of B in the substrate is preferably 0.01 to 0.2 mol%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.15 mol%, still more preferably 0.075 to 0.11 mol%. . Sinterability improves that content of B in a base material is in the said range.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 150 ⁇ m, and further preferably 40 to 80 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the substrate is within the above range, handling properties and low resistance can be expected.
- the coating layer has a NASICON type crystal structure that includes Li, Zr, P, and O and does not include the first transition metal derived from the raw material.
- the coating layer it is preferable to use a material that is not sufficiently high in lithium ion conductivity but has high resistance to reduction deterioration against metallic lithium. However, it is desirable that the covering layer has higher lithium ion conductivity.
- a compound represented by LiZr 2 P 3 O 12 is preferably used.
- the raw material for the coating layer is not particularly limited, and a known compound can be used.
- a coating layer is prepared by firing a compound containing an element constituting the above compound, that is, a Li-containing compound, a Zr-containing compound, a P-containing compound, and a raw material not containing the first transition metal-containing compound, or Can be formed on a substrate.
- a compound containing an element constituting the above compound that is, a Li-containing compound, a Zr-containing compound, a P-containing compound, and a raw material not containing the first transition metal-containing compound, or Can be formed on a substrate.
- Li 2 CO 3 , ZrO 2 , H 3 PO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 or the like can be used as a raw material.
- the “raw material-derived first transition metal” material is a material that is fired when the coating layer is formed or formed on a substrate.
- the raw materials for the coating layer are fired independently, the raw materials are prepared in such a ratio that the following composition ratio is obtained.
- the content of Li in the coating layer is preferably 5.5 to 8 mol%, more preferably 5.5 to 7 mol%, and further preferably 5.7 to 6.6 mol%.
- the content of Zr in the coating layer is preferably 10 to 11.5 mol%, more preferably 10.5 to 11.5 mol%, still more preferably 10.8 to 11.3 mol%.
- the content of P in the coating layer is preferably 15 to 17.5 mol%, more preferably 16 to 17 mol%, and further preferably 16.3 to 16.8 mol%.
- the content of O in the coating layer is preferably 65 to 68 mol%, more preferably 65 to 67 mol%, still more preferably 65.5 to 67 mol%.
- the content of Li, Zr, P, and O in the coating layer is within the above range, the sinterability and lithium ion conductivity are excellent.
- the composition changes due to transpiration of Li or the like.
- the constituent elements such as the first transition metal are diffused by thermal diffusion from the base material to the coating layer to form a part of the solid solution.
- the composition of the coating layer after baking changes with heating conditions. Furthermore, a composition gradient occurs in the coating layer.
- concentration of the 1st transition metal of the outermost surface of the coating layer after co-firing is remarkably low compared with a base material, and the 1st of the outermost surface of the coating layer after co-firing with a base material is
- concentration of the transition metal is desirably 1 ⁇ 4 or less of the base material.
- a NASICON type crystal structure that includes Li, Zr, P, and O and does not include a first transition metal since the raw material on a base material having a NASICON type crystal structure containing Li, Ti, Al, P, and O.
- An electrolyte sheet in which the concentration of transition metal on the outermost surface of the coating layer is 1/4 or lower than that of the substrate is preferable, and the concentration of transition metal on the outermost surface of the coating layer
- An electrolyte sheet having a concentration of 1/10 or less as compared with the base material is more preferable.
- the coating layer preferably further contains Ca and / or Y. Thereby, the density of a coating layer can be improved and, as a result, lithium ion conductivity can further be improved.
- the raw materials for Ca and / or Y are not particularly limited, and addition from a contact material containing Ca and / or Y at the time of firing using thermal diffusion, or a known compound can be used as a raw material.
- a base material can be produced by firing a material containing an element constituting the compound, that is, a raw material containing a Ca-containing compound and a Y-containing compound.
- calcia, yttria, calcium carbonate, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate and the like can be used as a raw material.
- the Ca content in the coating layer is preferably 0.05 to 0.6 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.4 mol%, and still more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 mol%. .
- the content of Ca in the coating layer is within the above range, an improvement in sinterability and an improvement in lithium ion conductivity can be expected.
- the content of Y in the coating layer is preferably 0.01 to 0.7 mol%, more preferably 0.02 to 0.3 mol%, still more preferably 0.05 to 0.1 mol%. . If the Y content in the coating layer is within the above range, an improvement in sinterability can be expected.
- the coating layer may be formed on one side of the base material, or may be formed on both sides of the base material.
- the coating layer may be a single layer or a multilayer (multilayer).
- the composition controllability is excellent.
- the thickness of the coating layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 to 3 ⁇ m, and further preferably 1 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the coating layer is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, when forming the coating layer, the influence of the surface roughness of the substrate can be reduced, the generation of defects such as pinholes can be suppressed, and Resistance can be further improved.
- the thickness of the coating layer is 10 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in lithium ion conductivity.
- the thickness of the coating layer means the total thickness of the multilayer coating layers formed on the substrate.
- the binder used is not particularly limited.
- organic binders such as resins, vinyl alcohol resins, waxes, celluloses such as ethyl cellulose, and the like.
- the solvent used is not limited, and water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-hexanol, ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, pentane, hexane and heptane Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and acetates such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. In addition, it is not limited to 1 type, 2 or more types can also be mixed and used.
- a dispersant for promoting peptization and dispersion of the raw material powder a plasticizer for imparting flexibility to the sheet-like molded body, a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, and the like can be added.
- Raw material slurry or raw material kneaded material is prepared by mixing an appropriate amount of the above components. At that time, in order to make each particle fine or to make the particle diameter uniform, mixing can be performed while pulverizing with a ball mill or the like.
- the size of the sheet-like molded body (green sheet) is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected according to the application.
- the sheet-like molded body (green sheet) is fired. Specifically, the sheet-like molded body is sandwiched and fired between materials containing at least one element selected from Zr, Hf, Y, and Sm.
- the material containing at least one element selected from Zr, Hf, Y, and Sm used for firing is not limited as long as it is a material (substance) containing these elements. be able to.
- the board which consists of these metals or oxides is mentioned.
- it is not necessary to contain only these elements For example, the thing containing together another component like the zirconia board stabilized with calcia can also be used.
- a material in which a foil, paste, powder, or the like containing the above elements is disposed on the surface of a plate having heat resistance such as alumina, mullite, or a platinum plate, at least on the surface in contact with the sheet molded body Can be used.
- a substance containing at least one element selected from Zr, Hf, Y, and Sm for example, a molded body of such a metal or oxide powder (for example, a sheet or pellet) is also involved. It can be used as a material.
- the size of the material sandwiching the sheet-like molded body there is no particular limitation on the size of the material sandwiching the sheet-like molded body, as long as it covers the surface of the sheet-like molded body to be fired, depending on the size of the sheet-like molded body, the size of the firing furnace, etc. Can be selected as appropriate. In addition, it is sufficient if the sheet-like molded body is sandwiched between the materials as described above, and it is not necessary to apply a load or use a fixture, but it is possible to apply a load so that it does not move during firing, A fixing tool may be provided to easily carry-in work or the like.
- Calcination temperature is selected according to the intended degree of ion conductivity, strength, etc., and is not limited. Although the sinterability varies depending on the presence or absence of additives, it is preferable to fire at 800 ° C. or higher, particularly preferable to fire at 825 ° C. or higher where ion conductivity and density increase, and more preferable to fire at 850 ° C. or higher. preferable.
- the upper limit of the temperature is not limited, but the temperature at which the ionic conductor melts and adheres to the material containing the predetermined element, the heat-resistant temperature of the material containing the predetermined element used, etc. are considered. And it is preferable to bake at a lower temperature. In particular, from the viewpoint of cost and prevention of transpiration of Li, firing at 900 ° C. or lower is preferable.
- the binder used is not particularly limited.
- organic binders such as resins, vinyl alcohol resins, waxes, celluloses such as ethyl cellulose, and the like.
- the solvent used is not limited, and water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-hexanol, ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, pentane, hexane and heptane Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and acetates such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. In addition, it is not limited to 1 type, 2 or more types can also be mixed and used.
- a dispersant for promoting peptization and dispersion of the raw material powder a plasticizer for imparting flexibility to the sheet-like molded body, a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, and the like can be added.
- a coating solution is applied to the substrate and dried.
- Application and drying may be repeated a plurality of times.
- the number of repetitions of application and drying is not particularly limited, but the formation of defects such as cracks can be suppressed if the thickness of the coating film formed by one application is not too thick.
- the thickness of the coating film formed by a single application depends on the size of the particles constituting the coating film, but is desirably about 5 ⁇ m or less. When the size of the particles constituting the coating film is 700 nm or less, it is desirable that the thickness of the coating film formed by one application is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the firing temperature is selected depending on the intended degree of ionic conductivity and the like, and is not limited. However, firing is preferably performed at 900 ° C. or higher, in particular, 1075 ° C. or higher at which ion conductivity and density are increased. Is preferably fired at 1100 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the temperature is not limited, but the temperature at which the ionic conductor melts and adheres to the material containing the predetermined element, the heat-resistant temperature of the material containing the predetermined element used, etc. are considered. And it is preferable to bake at a lower temperature. In particular, firing at 1125 ° C. or lower is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and prevention of Li evaporation.
- the slurry was molded so as to have a thickness of 200 ⁇ m to obtain a sheet molded body (green sheet).
- the sheet compact was dried and cut into strips, sandwiched between two yttria-stabilized zirconia plates, and fired at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 7.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Lithium ion conductivity A gold blocking electrode having a thickness of 500 nm was formed on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet by sputtering, and then a coin cell was produced in an argon atmosphere. Next, using an impedance analyzer FRA1260 (manufactured by Solartron), the AC impedance of the coin cell at 25 ° C. was measured in the frequency range of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 Hz, and the lithium ion conductivity was calculated.
- the lithium ion conductivity is a group determined from the resistance within the crystal grains of the electrolyte sheet obtained by measuring the AC impedance of the coin cell, the sum of the intergranular resistance and the electrode interface resistance, the electrode area, and the cross-sectional SEM image. It calculated from the thickness of a material and a coating layer.
- Li 2 O 3 , H 3 PO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 and ZrO 2 are produced at a molar ratio of Li 2 O, P 2 O 5 and ZrO 2 of 1.1: After weighing to 3: 2, the mixture was mixed homogeneously. Next, the mixed powder was put in an aluminum crucible, fired at 600 ° C. for 2 hours using an electric furnace HPM-1N (manufactured by ASONE), and then cooled to room temperature. Furthermore, after taking out the sample from the aluminum crucible, it was placed on a zirconia substrate and fired at 1050 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a crystalline inorganic substance.
- HPM-1N manufactured by ASONE
- Example 1 After dip-coating the coating solution 1, the drying operation was repeated a plurality of times to form a coating layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet (base material) of Comparative Example 1, and then an electric furnace HPM-1N (ASONE And manufactured at 930 ° C. to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 7.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- a crystalline inorganic substance was pulverized in butanol at 600 rpm for 2 hours and then dried to obtain a powder.
- a zirconia pot was used and zirconia balls were used as media.
- the slurry was molded so as to have a thickness of 150 ⁇ m to obtain a sheet molded body (green sheet).
- the sheet compact was dried and cut into strips, and then fired at 1050 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheet of Example 1 was larger than the calculated value calculated by the combined sum of the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheets of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. For this reason, it turns out that the electrolyte sheet of Example 1 becomes a thing excellent in lithium ion conductivity by layering.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the change over time of the alternating current impedance of coin cells prepared using the electrolyte sheets of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively.
- Comparative Example 3 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the slurry was formed to have a thickness of 150 ⁇ m and the firing temperature was changed to 930 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 8.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 2-1-1 After dip-coating the coating solution 1, the drying operation was repeated a plurality of times to form a coating layer having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet (base material) of Comparative Example 3, and then electric furnace HPM-1N (ASONE And manufactured at 850 ° C. to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the pulling speed during dip coating was set to 0.1 mm / s.
- the electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 5.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 2-1-2 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 900 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 5.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 2-1-3 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 920 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 9.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 2-1-4 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 940 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 1.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 2-1-5 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 950 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 2-1-6 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 980 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 2-1-7 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 1000 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 6.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-1-1 to 2-1-7 were larger than the calculated values calculated by the combined sum of the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3. . Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-1-1 to 2-1-7 are excellent in lithium ion conductivity when layered.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship of the lithium ion conductivity to the firing temperature of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-1-1 to 2-1-7.
- FIG. 3 shows that the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheet increases when the firing temperature is around 950 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-1-1 to 2-1-7 are excellent in reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- Example 2-2-1 The coating liquid 1 was dip-coated on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet (base material) of Comparative Example 3, and then baked at 950 ° C. using an electric furnace HPM-1N (manufactured by ASONE) to obtain an electrolyte sheet. The pulling speed during dip coating was set to 0.005 mm / s. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 4.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction. The electrolyte sheet was formed with a dense coating layer, and the coating layer had a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- Example 2-2-2 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-2-1 except that the pulling rate during dip coating was 0.01 mm / s.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- the electrolyte sheet was formed with a dense coating layer (see FIG. 4), and the coating layer had a thickness of 4 ⁇ m.
- Example 2-2-3 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-2-1 except that the pulling rate during dip coating was set to 0.05 mm / s. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 9.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction. The electrolyte sheet was formed with a dense coating layer (see FIG. 4), and the coating layer had a thickness of 7 ⁇ m.
- Example 2-2-4 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-2-1 except that the pulling rate during dip coating was 0.1 mm / s.
- the electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 6.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- the electrolyte sheet was formed with a dense coating layer (see FIG. 4), and the coating layer had a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 2-2-5 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-2-1 except that the pulling rate during dip coating was 0.25 mm / s.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 3.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- the electrolyte sheet was formed with a dense coating layer (see FIG. 4), and the coating layer had a thickness of 13 ⁇ m.
- Example 2-2-6 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-2-1 except that the pulling rate during dip coating was set to 0.4 mm / s.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 1.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- the electrolyte sheet had a dense coating layer, and the coating layer had a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the lithium ion conductivity and the thickness of the coating layer of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-2-1 to 2-2-6.
- the calculated value computed by the synthetic sum of the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheet of the comparative example 2 and the electrolyte sheet of the comparative example 3 is also shown.
- the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-2-1 to 2-2-6 have a lithium ion conductivity larger than the calculated value, and are excellent in lithium ion conductivity when layered. I understand. Furthermore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-2-1 and 2-2-2 have a particularly large difference between the lithium ion conductivity and the calculated value, and are particularly excellent in lithium ion conductivity.
- the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-2-1 to 2-2-6 did not increase the resistance in the crystal grains and the grain boundary resistance even when held in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. for 2 months or more. . Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheets of Examples 2-2-1 to 2-2-6 are excellent in reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- a coin cell prepared by pressure-bonding a metal Li foil as an electrode on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet of Example 2-2-3 was held in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 100 hours.
- the time-dependent change in cell resistance was confirmed when heated at 85 ° C. for 12 hours, cooled to 25 ° C. and held.
- the cell resistance was calculated from the resistance within the crystal grains of the electrolyte sheet obtained by measuring the alternating current impedance of the coin cell, the grain boundary resistance, the total interface resistance with the electrode, and the electrode area.
- a coin cell produced by pressing a metal Li foil as an electrode on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet of Example 2-2-3 was heated at 85 ° C. for 6 hours and cooled to 25 ° C.
- the time-dependent change of the cell resistance when held was confirmed.
- the cell resistance was calculated from the resistance within the crystal grains of the electrolyte sheet obtained by measuring the alternating current impedance of the coin cell, the grain boundary resistance, the total interface resistance with the electrode, and the electrode area.
- the electrolyte sheet of Example 2-2-3 was able to rapidly reduce the interface resistance with the electrode by heating at 85 ° C. for 6 hours (see FIG. 7).
- Example 3-1-1 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1-1 except that the coating liquid 2 was used instead of the coating liquid 1.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 6.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 3-1-2 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 900 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 6.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON type crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 3-1-3 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 920 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 3-1-4 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 940 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 3.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 3-1-5 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 950 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 3.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 3-1-6 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 980 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 2.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 3-1-7 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 1000 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 2.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- the sample from the aluminum crucible After taking out the sample from the aluminum crucible, it was placed on a zirconia substrate and fired at 1050 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a crystalline inorganic substance.
- a planetary ball mill P-6 manufactured by Fritsch
- the crystalline inorganic substance was pulverized in butanol at 600 rpm for 2 hours and then dried to obtain a powder.
- a zirconia pot was used and zirconia balls were used as media.
- the slurry was molded so as to have a thickness of 150 ⁇ m to obtain a sheet molded body (green sheet).
- the sheet compact was dried and cut into strips, and then fired at 1050 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 3-1-1 to 3-1-7 were larger than the calculated values calculated by the combined sum of the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4. . Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheets of Examples 3-1-1 to 3-1-7 become excellent in lithium ion conductivity when layered.
- the electrolyte sheets of Examples 3-1-1 to 3-1-7 are excellent in reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- Example 3-2 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-2-1 except that the coating liquid 2 was used instead of the coating liquid 1.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 4.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- the electrolyte sheet was formed with a dense coating layer, and the coating layer had a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 was larger than the calculated value calculated by the combined sum of the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4. Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 is excellent in lithium ion conductivity by being layered.
- the resistance in the crystal grains and the grain boundary resistance did not increase even when the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 was held in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. for 2 months or more. Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 is excellent in reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- FIG. 8 shows the change over time in the AC impedance of the coin cell produced using the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2.
- FIG. 8 shows that when the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 is held in a thermostatic chamber at 25 ° C., the interfacial resistance with the electrode is decreased, and the resistance in the crystal grains and the grain boundary resistance are decreased. Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 is excellent in reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- FIG. 9 shows the change over time of the cell resistance of the coin cells produced using the electrolyte sheets of Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3.
- the electrolyte sheet of Example 3-2 does not increase the cell resistance even when held in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 2 months or more, and is excellent in reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- Li 2 CO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 are produced to produce Li 2 O, P 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 and Y 2.
- the mixture was homogeneously mixed.
- the mixed powder was put in an aluminum crucible, fired at 600 ° C. for 2 hours using an electric furnace HPM-1N (manufactured by ASONE), and then cooled to room temperature. Furthermore, after taking out the sample from the aluminum crucible, it was placed on a zirconia substrate and fired at 1050 ° C.
- Example 4-1-1 After dip-coating the coating solution 3, the drying operation was repeated a plurality of times to form a coating layer having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet (base material) of Comparative Example 3, and then an electric furnace HPM-1N (ASONE And manufactured at 825 ° C. to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the pulling speed during dip coating was set to 0.3 mm / s.
- the electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 7.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 4-1-2 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 850 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 4.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 4-1-3 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 875 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 4-1-4 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 900 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 4-1-5 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 925 ° C. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 2.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and a hexagonal NASICON type crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Example 4-1-6 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4-1-1 except that the firing temperature was changed to 950 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 1.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- the sample from the aluminum crucible After taking out the sample from the aluminum crucible, it was placed on a zirconia substrate and fired at 1050 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a crystalline inorganic substance.
- a planetary ball mill P-6 manufactured by Fritsch
- the crystalline inorganic substance was pulverized in butanol at 600 rpm for 2 hours and then dried to obtain a powder.
- a zirconia pot was used and zirconia balls were used as media.
- the slurry was molded so as to have a thickness of 150 ⁇ m to obtain a sheet molded body (green sheet).
- the sheet compact was dried and cut into strips, and then fired at 1050 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Examples 4-1-1 to 4-1-6 were larger than the calculated values calculated by the combined sum of the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 5. . Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheets of Examples 4-1-1 to 4-1-6 are excellent in lithium ion conductivity when layered.
- the electrolyte sheets of Examples 4-1-1 to 4-1-6 did not increase the resistance in the crystal grains and the grain boundary resistance even when held in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. for 2 months or more. . Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheets of Examples 4-1-1 to 4-1-6 are excellent in reduction deterioration resistance against metallic lithium.
- Example 4-2 The coating liquid 3 was dip-coated on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet (base material) of Comparative Example 3, and then baked at 875 ° C. using an electric furnace HPM-1N (manufactured by ASONE) to obtain an electrolyte sheet. The pulling speed during dip coating was set to 0.3 mm / s. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 4.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction. The electrolyte sheet was formed with a dense coating layer, and the coating layer had a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheet of Example 4-2 was larger than the calculated value calculated by the combined sum of the lithium ion conductivities of the electrolyte sheets of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 5. Therefore, it can be seen that the electrolyte sheet of Example 4-2 is excellent in lithium ion conductivity by being layered.
- the resistivity of the electrolyte sheet of Example 4-2 did not increase even when held in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 2 months or more. For this reason, it turns out that the electrolyte sheet of Example 4-2 is excellent in the reduction deterioration tolerance with respect to metallic lithium.
- Example 5 A green sheet (base material) produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the thickness was set to 170 ⁇ m, and a green sheet (coating layer) produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the thickness was set to 20 ⁇ m.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 8.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional SEM image of the electrolyte sheet.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheet of Example 5 was larger than the calculated value calculated by the combined sum of the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheets of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4. For this reason, it turns out that the electrolyte sheet of Example 5 becomes the thing excellent in lithium ion conductivity by layering.
- Comparative Example 6 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the slurry was formed to have a thickness of 90 ⁇ m and the firing temperature was changed to 850 ° C.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 6.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Example 6 After dip-coating the coating solution 3, the drying operation is repeated a plurality of times to form a coating layer having a thickness of approximately 1.5 ⁇ m on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet (base material) of Comparative Example 6, and then the electric furnace HPM- The electrolyte sheet was obtained by firing at 900 ° C. using 1N (manufactured by ASONE). The pulling speed during dip coating was set to 0.5 mm / s. The electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 4.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component. By making the raw material particles used in the coating solution extremely fine, the firing temperature can be reduced, and a coating layer can be realized with smaller production energy.
- the reduction deterioration resistance of the electrolyte sheet of Example 6 to metallic lithium was evaluated.
- the resistance in the crystal grains and the grain boundary resistance did not increase even after two months had passed. For this reason, it confirmed that the electrolyte sheet of Example 6 was excellent in the reduction deterioration tolerance with respect to metallic lithium.
- a sheet-like molded body (green sheet) was molded from the slurry so as to have a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the sheet-like molded body was sufficiently dried and cut into strips, sandwiched between two yttria-stabilized zirconia plates, and baked at 830 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 8.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Comparative Example 7-2 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7-1 except that the amount of LiBO 3 added was changed to 0.1% by mass. The electrolyte sheet was confirmed to have a lithium ion conductivity of 7.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component by X-ray diffraction.
- Comparative Example 7-3 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7-1 except that the addition amount of LiBO 3 was changed to 0.25% by mass.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 7.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Comparative Example 7-4 An electrolyte sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7-1 except that the amount of LiBO 3 added was changed to 0.5% by mass.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 5.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm, and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON crystal structure as a main component.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of bending strength.
- the bending strength was remarkably increased when the added amount of LiBO 3 was 0.25% by mass or more.
- the ionic conductivity decreases with an increase in the amount of LiBO 3 added. Therefore, a sample with high bending strength and high ionic conductivity can be obtained when the amount of LiBO 3 added to the substrate is about 0.25 to 0.4 mass%.
- Example 7 After the coating solution 3 is dip-coated, the drying operation is repeated a plurality of times to form a coating layer having a thickness of about 1.5 ⁇ m on both surfaces of the electrolyte sheet (base material) of Comparative Example 7-3.
- HPM-1N manufactured by AS ONE
- firing was performed at 900 ° C. to obtain an electrolyte sheet.
- the pulling speed during dip coating was set to 0.5 mm / s.
- the electrolyte sheet had a lithium ion conductivity of 3.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm and was confirmed by X-ray diffraction to have a hexagonal NASICON type crystal structure as a main component.
- the reduction deterioration resistance of the electrolyte sheet of Example 7 to metallic lithium was evaluated.
- the resistance within the crystal grains and the grain boundary resistance did not increase even after 2 months had passed.
- the electrolyte sheet of Example 7 had high bending strength and excellent resistance to reduction deterioration against metallic lithium.
- Tables 2 to 4 show the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte sheet.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の電解質シートは、Li、Ti、Al、P及びOを含むNASICON型の結晶構造を有する基材上に、Li、Zr、P及びOを含み、原料由来の第一遷移金属を含まないNASICON型の結晶構造を有する被覆層が形成されている。
基材は、Li、Ti、Al、P及びOを含むNASICON型の結晶構造を有する。基材には、リチウムイオン伝導性は高いが、金属リチウムに対する還元劣化耐性が高くない材料が用いられる。
被覆層は、Li、Zr、P及びOを含み、原料由来の第一遷移金属を含まないNASICON型の結晶構造を有する。被覆層には、リチウムイオン伝導性が十分に高くないが、金属リチウムに対する還元劣化耐性が高い材料を利用することが好ましい。ただし、被覆層のリチウムイオン伝導性がより高い方が望ましい。
以下に、電解質シートの製造方法を具体的な例を挙げて説明するが、以下の方法に限定されるものではない。
(1)基材の作製
(1-1)シート状成形体の形成
基材用の無機物質、溶媒、バインダー、可塑剤等を混合し、原料スラリーまたは混練物を調製する。
得られた原料スラリーまたは原料混錬物は、スラリーキャスト法、ドクターブレード法、押し出し成形法、スクリーン印刷法等の各種公知の方法によってシート状成形体(グリーンシート)を成形することができる。
次にシート状成形体(グリーンシート)を焼成する。具体的には、Zr、Hf、Y、Smから選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含有する材料にシート状成形体を挟んで焼成する。
(2-1)塗布液の調製
被覆層用の無機物質、溶媒、バインダー、可塑剤等を混合し、塗布液を調製する。
次に基材に対して、塗布液を塗布し、乾燥させる。塗布及び乾燥は複数回繰り返してもよい。塗布及び乾燥を複数回繰り返すことで、被膜層の厚さをコントロールできる。塗布及び乾燥を繰り返す回数は特に限定されないが、一回の塗布により形成される塗膜の厚さが厚くなりすぎない方がヒビ等の欠陥の形成を抑制できる。一回の塗布により形成される塗膜の厚さは塗膜を構成する粒子の大きさに依存するが5μm程度以下となることが望ましい。塗膜を構成する粒子の大きさが700nm以下である場合は、一回の塗布により形成される塗膜の厚さが1μm以下となることが望ましい。
次に被膜層を形成した基材を焼成する。
Li2CO3、Li2TiO3、TiO2、Al(PO3)3、Al(OH)3、SiO2、H3PO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4及びZrO2を、生成するLi2O、TiO2、Al2O3、SiO2、P2O5及びZrO2のモル比が1.5:3.1:2.2:0.36:2.6:0.01になるように秤量した後、均質に混合した。次に、混合した粉体をアルミニウム製の坩堝に入れ、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、600℃で2時間焼成した後、室温まで冷却した。さらに、アルミニウム製の坩堝から試料を取り出した後、ジルコニア基板上に配置し、850℃で2時間焼成して結晶性の無機物質を得た。次に、遊星ボールミルP-6(フリッチュ社製)を用いて、ブタノール中、600rpmで2時間結晶性の無機物質を粉砕した後、乾燥させ、粉末を得た。なお、遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕する際に、ジルコニア製のポットを用い、メディアとしては、ジルコニア製のボールを用いた。
電解質シートの両面に、スパッタリングにより、厚さが500nmの金のブロッキング電極を形成した後、アルゴン雰囲気中で、コインセルを作製した。次に、インピーダンスアナライザーFRA1260(ソーラトロン社製)を用いて、0.1~1×106Hzの周波数範囲で25℃におけるコインセルの交流インピーダンスを測定し、リチウムイオン伝導率を算出した。なお、リチウムイオン伝導率は、コインセルの交流インピーダンスを測定することで得られる電解質シートの結晶粒内の抵抗、粒界抵抗及び電極との界面抵抗の総和、電極面積及び断面SEM像から求められる基材と被覆層の厚さから算出した。
Li2CO3、H3PO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4及びZrO2を、生成するLi2O、P2O5及びZrO2のモル比が1.1:3:2になるように秤量した後、均質に混合した。次に、混合した粉体をアルミニウム製の坩堝に入れ、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、600℃で2時間焼成した後、室温まで冷却した。さらに、アルミニウム製の坩堝から試料を取り出した後、ジルコニア基板上に配置し、1050℃で2時間焼成して結晶性の無機物質を得た。次に、結晶性の無機物質に対して、2質量%のN-牛脂アルキルトリメチレンジアミンを添加し、遊星ボールミルP-6(フリッチュ社製)を用いて、ブタノール中、600rpmで2時間粉砕した後、乾燥させ、粉末を得た。粒度分布計ELSZ-2(大塚電子社製)を用いて測定したところ、粉末は、個数平均粒径が1.4μmであった。なお、遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕する際に、ジルコニア製のポットを用い、メディアとしては、ジルコニア製のボールを用いた。
塗布液1を浸漬塗布した後、乾燥させる操作を複数回繰り返して、比較例1の電解質シート(基材)の両面に厚さが10μmの被覆層を形成した後、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、930℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が7.4×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
Li2CO3、H3PO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4及びZrO2を、生成するLi2O、P2O5及びZrO2のモル比が1.1:3:2になるように秤量した後、均質に混合した。なお、この組成は、塗布液1と同一である。次に、混合した粉体をアルミニウム製の坩堝に入れ、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、600℃で2時間焼成した後、室温まで冷却した。さらに、アルミニウム製の坩堝から試料を取り出した後、ジルコニア基板上に配置し、1050℃で2時間焼成して結晶性の無機物質を得た。次に、遊星ボールミルP-6(フリッチュ社製)を用いて、ブタノール中、600rpmで2時間結晶性の無機物質を粉砕した後、乾燥させ、粉末を得た。なお、遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕する際に、ジルコニア製のポットを用い、メディアとしては、ジルコニア製のボールを用いた。
アルゴン雰囲気中で、電解質シートの両面に、電極としての、金属Li箔を圧着してコインセルを作製した。次に、25℃の恒温槽中で保持し、インピーダンスアナライザーFRA1260(ソーラトロン社製)を用いて、0.05~1×106Hzの周波数範囲で25℃におけるコインセルの交流インピーダンスの経時変化を測定し、金属リチウムに対する還元劣化耐性を評価した。
厚さが150μmになるようにスラリーを成形し、焼成温度を930℃に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が8.4×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
塗布液1を浸漬塗布した後、乾燥させる操作を複数回繰り返して、比較例3の電解質シート(基材)の両面に厚さが30μmの被覆層を形成した後、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、850℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。なお、浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.1mm/sとした。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が5.2×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を900℃に変更した以外は、実施例2-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が5.4×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を920℃に変更した以外は、実施例2-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が9.4×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を940℃に変更した以外は、実施例2-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.4×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を950℃に変更した以外は、実施例2-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.5×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を980℃に変更した以外は、実施例2-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.3×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を1000℃に変更した以外は、実施例2-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が6.6×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
塗布液1を比較例3の電解質シート(基材)の両面に浸漬塗布した後、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、950℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。なお、浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.005mm/sとした。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が4.6×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており、被覆層は、厚さが2μmであった。
浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.01mm/sとした以外は、実施例2-2-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が2.5×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており(図4参照)、被覆層は、厚さが4μmであった。
浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.05mm/sとした以外は、実施例2-2-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が9.3×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており(図4参照)、被覆層は、厚さが7μmであった。
浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.1mm/sとした以外は、実施例2-2-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が6.3×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており(図4参照)、被覆層は、厚さが10μmであった。
浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.25mm/sとした以外は、実施例2-2-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が3.1×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており(図4参照)、被覆層は、厚さが13μmであった。
浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.4mm/sとした以外は、実施例2-2-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.7×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており、被覆層は、厚さが20μmであった。
Li2CO3、H3PO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、ZrO2及びCaCO3を、生成するLi2O、P2O5、ZrO2及びCaOのモル比が1.2:3:1.9:0.1になるように秤量した後、均質に混合した。次に、混合した粉体をアルミニウム製の坩堝に入れ、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、600℃で2時間焼成した後、室温まで冷却した。さらに、アルミニウム製の坩堝から試料を取り出した後、ジルコニア基板上に配置し、1050℃で2時間焼成して結晶性の無機物質を得た。次に、結晶性の無機物質に対して、2質量%のN-牛脂アルキルトリメチレンジアミンを添加し、遊星ボールミルP-6(フリッチュ社製)を用いて、ブタノール中、600rpmで2時間粉砕した後、乾燥させ、粉末を得た。粒度分布計ELSZ-2(大塚電子社製)を用いて測定したところ、粉末は、個数平均粒径が1.3μmであった。なお、遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕するに、ジルコニアポットを用い、メディアとしては、ジルコニア製のボールを用いた。
塗布液1の代わりに、塗布液2を用いた以外は、実施例2-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が6.2×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を900℃に変更した以外は、実施例3-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が6.8×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を920℃に変更した以外は、実施例3-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.2×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を940℃に変更した以外は、実施例3-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が3.2×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を950℃に変更した以外は、実施例3-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が3.6×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を980℃に変更した以外は、実施例3-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が2.7×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を1000℃に変更した以外は、実施例3-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が2.1×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
Li2CO3、H3PO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、ZrO2及びCaCO3を、生成するLi2O、P2O5、ZrO2及びCaOのモル比が1.2:3:1.9:0.1になるように秤量した後、均質に混合した。なお、この組成は、塗布液2と同一である。次に、混合した粉体をアルミニウム製の坩堝に入れ、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、600℃で2時間焼成した後、室温まで冷却した。さらに、アルミニウム製の坩堝から試料を取り出した後、ジルコニア基板上に配置し、1050℃で2時間焼成して結晶性の無機物質を得た。次に、遊星ボールミルP-6(フリッチュ社製)を用いて、ブタノール中、600rpmで2時間結晶性の無機物質を粉砕した後、乾燥させ、粉末を得た。なお、遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕する際に、ジルコニア製のポットを用い、メディアとしては、ジルコニア製のボールを用いた。
塗布液1の代わりに、塗布液2を用いた以外は、実施例2-2-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が4.8×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており、被覆層は、厚さが2μmであった。
Li2CO3、H3PO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、ZrO2、Y2O3を、生成するLi2O、P2O5、ZrO2及びY2O3のモル比が1.2:3:1.94:0.06になるように秤量した後、均質に混合した。次に、混合した粉体をアルミニウム製の坩堝に入れ、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、600℃で2時間焼成した後、室温まで冷却した。さらに、アルミニウム製の坩堝から試料を取り出した後、ジルコニア基板上に配置し、1050℃で2時間焼成して結晶性の無機物質を得た。次に、結晶性の無機物質に対して、2質量%のN-牛脂アルキルトリメチレンジアミンを添加し、ビーズミルのスパーアペックスミル(寿工業社製)を用いて、ブタノール中、4500rpmで粉砕し、透光性のゾルを得た。粒度分布計ELSZ-2(大塚電子社製)を用いて測定したところ、ゾルは、個数平均粒径が100nm程度であった。なお、ビーズミルを用いて粉砕する際に、メディアとしては、直径が0.3mmのジルコニア製のビーズを用いた。
塗布液3を浸漬塗布した後、乾燥させる操作を複数回繰り返して、比較例3の電解質シート(基材)の両面に厚さが3μmの被覆層を形成した後、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、825℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。なお、浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.3mm/sとした。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が7.3×10-7S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を850℃に変更した以外は、実施例4-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が4.2×10-5S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を875℃に変更した以外は、実施例4-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.2×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を900℃に変更した以外は、実施例4-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.3×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を925℃に変更した以外は、実施例4-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が2.6×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
焼成温度を950℃に変更した以外は、実施例4-1-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が1.4×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
Li2CO3、H3PO4、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、ZrO2、Y2O3を、生成するLi2O、P2O5、ZrO2及びY2O3のモル比が1.2:3:1.94:0.06になるように秤量した後、均質に混合した。なお、この組成は、塗布液3と同一である。次に、混合した粉体をアルミニウム製の坩堝に入れ、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、600℃で2時間焼成した後、室温まで冷却した。さらに、アルミニウム製の坩堝から試料を取り出した後、ジルコニア基板上に配置し、1050℃で2時間焼成して結晶性の無機物質を得た。次に、遊星ボールミルP-6(フリッチュ社製)を用いて、ブタノール中、600rpmで2時間結晶性の無機物質を粉砕した後、乾燥させ、粉末を得た。なお、遊星ボールミルを用いて粉砕する際に、ジルコニア製のポットを用い、メディアとしては、ジルコニア製のボールを用いた。
塗布液3を比較例3の電解質シート(基材)の両面に浸漬塗布した後、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、875℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。なお、浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.3mm/sとした。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が4.2×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。また、電解質シートは、緻密な被覆層が形成されており、被覆層は、厚さが1.5μmであった。
厚さを170μmとする以外は、比較例1と同様にして作製したグリーンシート(基材)と、厚さを20μmとする以外は、比較例4と同様にして作製したグリーンシート(被覆層)を、10kN/cm2でプレスして貼り合わせた後、950℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が8.5×10-6S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
電解質シートの基材側にスパッタリングにより、厚さが500nmの金のブロッキング電極を形成した後、アルゴン雰囲気中で、電解質シートの被覆層側に、電極としての、金属リチウム箔を圧着してコインセルを作製した。次に、25℃の恒温槽中で保持し、インピーダンスアナライザーFRA1260(ソーラトロン社製)を用いて、0.1~1×106Hzの周波数範囲で交流インピーダンスの経時変化を測定し、金属リチウムに対する還元劣化耐性を評価した。
厚さが90μmになるようにスラリーを成形し、焼成温度を850℃に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が6.4×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
塗布液3を浸漬塗布した後、乾燥させる操作を複数回繰り返して、比較例6の電解質シート(基材)の両面に厚さがおよそ1.5μmの被覆層を形成した後、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、900℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。なお、浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.5mm/sとした。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が4.9×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。塗布液に利用する原料の粒子を極微細化することで、焼成温度を低減することが可能となり、より小さな製造エネルギーで被覆層を実現できる。
粉末に対して、10質量%のポリビニルブチラール及び0.2質量%のN-牛脂アルキルトリメチレンジアミンを添加する前に、LiBO3を0.05質量%添加し、遊星ボールミルP-6(フリッチュ社製)を用いて十分に混合した以外は、比較例1と同様にして、スラリーを得た。
LiBO3の添加量を0.1質量%に変更した以外は、比較例7-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が7.9×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
LiBO3の添加量を0.25質量%に変更した以外は、比較例7-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が7.1×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
LiBO3の添加量を0.5質量%に変更した以外は、比較例7-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が5.4×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
LiBO3の添加量を1.0質量%に変更した以外は、比較例7-1と同様にして、電解質シートを得た。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が4.1×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。
比較例1及び比較例7-1~7-5と同一の粉末を外形20mm×3mm×4mmの一軸成形のモールドを用いて棒状に成形した後、830℃で2時間焼成し、試料を得た。次に、支点間距離16mm、クロスヘッド速度0.5mm/minの条件において、3点曲げ試験により、試料の曲げ強さを測定した。
塗布液3を浸漬塗布した後、乾燥させる操作を複数回繰り返して、比較例7-3の電解質シート(基材)の両面に厚さがおよそ1.5μmの被覆層を形成した後、電気炉HPM-1N(アズワン社製)を用いて、900℃で焼成し、電解質シートを得た。なお、浸漬塗布時の引き上げ速度を0.5mm/sとした。電解質シートは、リチウムイオン伝導率が3.1×10-4S/cmであり、X線回折により、六方晶系のNASICON型の結晶構造を主成分とすることを確認した。塗布液に利用する原料の粒子を極微細化することで、焼成温度を低減することが可能となり、より小さな製造エネルギーで被覆層を実現できる。
実施例1及び実施例7の電解質シートの破断面における組成分析をEDSによりを行った。その結果、基材に対する被覆層の最表面のTiの含有量の比は、それぞれ0.04及び0.23であった。
Claims (8)
- Li、Ti、Al、P及びOを含むNASICON型の結晶構造を有する基材上に、Li、Zr、P及びOを含み、原料由来の第一遷移金属を含まないNASICON型の結晶構造を有する被覆層が形成されていることを特徴とする電解質シート。
- 前記被覆層は、厚さが0.5μm以上5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電解質シート。
- 前記基材は、Zr、Y、Si及びBからなる群より選択される一種以上の元素をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電解質シート。
- 前記被覆層は、Ca及び/又はYをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電解質シート。
- Li含有化合物、Ti含有化合物、Al含有化合物及びP含有化合物を含む原料を焼成して、NASICON型の結晶構造を有する基材を作製する工程と、
Li含有化合物、Zr含有化合物及びP含有化合物を含み、第一遷移金属含有化合物を含まない原料を焼成して、NASICON型の結晶構造を有する被覆層を作製する、又は、前記基材上に形成する工程を有することを特徴とする電解質シートの製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の電解質シートの製造方法であって、
基材用の原料スラリーまたは混練物をシート状成形体に成形する工程と、
前記シート状成形体を焼成して基材にする工程と、
前記基材に被覆層用の塗布液を塗布して被膜層を形成する工程と、
前記被膜層を形成した前記基材を焼成する工程と、を備えたことを特徴とする電解質シートの製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の電解質シートの製造方法であって、
基材用の原料スラリーまたは混練物をシート状成形体に成形する工程と、
前記シート状成形体に被覆層用の塗布液を塗布して被膜層を形成する工程と、
前記被膜層を形成した前記シート状成形体を焼成する工程と、を備えたことを特徴とする電解質シートの製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電解質シートを有することを特徴とする物品。
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