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WO2016055511A1 - Incinération de déchets - Google Patents

Incinération de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016055511A1
WO2016055511A1 PCT/EP2015/073126 EP2015073126W WO2016055511A1 WO 2016055511 A1 WO2016055511 A1 WO 2016055511A1 EP 2015073126 W EP2015073126 W EP 2015073126W WO 2016055511 A1 WO2016055511 A1 WO 2016055511A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
oxygen
combustion chamber
chamber
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2015/073126
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ian HIBBIT
Neil Simpson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to EP15787907.3A priority Critical patent/EP3204692A1/fr
Publication of WO2016055511A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016055511A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/008—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for liquid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/008—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor adapted for burning two or more kinds, e.g. liquid and solid, of waste being fed through separate inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07021—Details of lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/103—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/10—Liquid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50002—Burning with downwards directed draft through the waste mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50211—Evaporating, e.g. liquid waste before burning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to incineration of waste. More specifically, this invention relates to the incineration of liquid waste comprising nitrogen-containing compounds.
  • Landfills are often used as a way of disposing waste.
  • the decreasing availability of land and environmental concerns relating to waste in a landfill adversely affecting air quality and contaminating groundwater has lead to waste incineration being used more frequently.
  • Incineration is a process whereby undesirable compounds undergo thermal oxidation, and are destroyed.
  • Various incinerators are available to incinerate waste with different properties including waste which is a solid, liquid or gas, and waste which needs to be combusted within a specific temperature range. Selecting the correct incinerator allows specialist waste to be treated accordingly.
  • the inventors have also developed a novel method for incinerating waste, especially liquid waste.
  • a method for incinerating waste comprising:
  • the method of the first aspect harnesses oxygen-staged incineration in which a waste stream is incinerated using the oxygen pre-combustion chamber, i.e. step (a) followed by a secondary oxygen-staged combustion (i.e. step (b).
  • the pre-combustion chamber therefore acts as a primary combustion chamber
  • the incinerator chamber acts as a secondary or "main” chamber for the combustion of the first waste stream.
  • complete combustion can mean that all of the carbon (C) in the waste stream has reacted to form carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and all of the hydrogen (H) has reacted to form water (H 2 0).
  • partial combustion can mean that at least some of the carbon (C) in the waste stream has reacted to form carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, carrying out incineration using the method of the invention prevents any nitrogen, which may be present in the waste stream, from oxidising to form nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (N0 2 ).
  • NO nitric oxide
  • N0 2 nitrogen dioxide
  • the method of the first aspect solves the problem as to how to avoid unwanted NO x compounds from being produced when incinerating nitrogen- containing wastes.
  • the method comprises feeding the first waste stream
  • the first waste stream may comprise amines and/or amides.
  • the first waste stream is preferably a fluid, and more preferably a liquid.
  • the method comprises an initial step of atomising, in the pre-combustion chamber, the first waste stream with a fluid to produce an atomised waste stream.
  • the atomisation step may be carried out at a temperature of between about 8oo°C and iioo°C.
  • the atomising fluid that is fed into the pre-combustion chamber comprises an oxygen-rich gas.
  • the concentration of oxygen in the gas may comprise at least 25% oxygen, preferably at least 50% oxygen, and more preferably at least 75% oxygen.
  • the oxygen-rich gas may comprise pure oxygen.
  • the atomising fluid that is fed into the pre- combustion chamber may comprise steam.
  • oxygen-rich gas is preferably fed into the pre-combustion chamber in order to produce the partially combusted waste stream.
  • the first waste stream is not fed into the pre-combustion chamber in an upwards direction, and is preferably fed into the chamber at an angle of between o° and 90 0 downwards from the horizontal (where o° is the horizontal plane, and 90 0 is the vertical plane).
  • the first waste stream is fed into the pre-combustion chamber at an angle of between 5 0 and 70 0 downwards from the horizontal, even more preferably between io° and 50 0 downwards from the horizontal, and most preferably between I9°and 25 0 downwards from the horizontal.
  • step (a) of the method is conducted at a temperature of between about 8oo°C and noo°C.
  • the residence time of the reaction of step (a) is less than about 0.5 seconds, and is preferably between about 0.25 to 0.5 seconds.
  • the term "residence time" is the time from the last injection of oxygen containing gas until gases in the chamber are vented. Accordingly, the residence time of the reaction of step (a) may refer to the time period between the last injection of the oxygen-containing gas in the pre-combustion chamber and the first injection of the oxygen-containing gas in the incinerator chamber.
  • the method comprises controlling the amount of oxygen-containing gas that is fed into the pre-combustion chamber in step (a).
  • the method may comprise manually selecting the amount of oxygen-containing gas which is injected into the pre-combustion chamber in step (a).
  • the method comprises automatically controlling the amount of oxygen-containing gas which is injected into the pre-combustion chamber in step (a).
  • the method preferably comprises sensing the temperature in the pre-combustion chamber and varying the amount of oxygen-containing gas which is fed into the pre-combustion chamber depending on the temperature in the pre-combustion chamber. It will be appreciated that as the temperature increases, the amount of gas fed into the chamber increases.
  • the method may comprise the use of a plurality of pre-combustion chambers in order to carry out step (a), wherein the partially combusted waste produced by each pre-combustion chamber is fed into the incineration chamber.
  • step (b) of the method comprises feeding the combustion gas into the incineration chamber, preferably using a forced gas fan.
  • the combustion gas preferably comprises air.
  • the combustion gas may be enriched with oxygen.
  • the method comprises feeding an exhaust gas stream out of the incineration chamber.
  • step (b) of the method is conducted at a temperature of between about 8oo°C and noo°C.
  • the residence time of the reaction of step (b) is at least 0.5 seconds, and preferably is at least 2 seconds.
  • the residence time of the reaction of step (b) may refer to the time period between the last injection of the oxygen-containing gas in the incinerator chamber and the step of feeding an exhaust gas stream out of the incineration chamber.
  • the method comprises contacting, in the incineration chamber, the partially combusted waste stream with a second waste stream.
  • the method comprises feeding a second waste stream into the incineration chamber, such that it mixes with the partially combusted first waste stream.
  • the second waste stream is preferably a fluid, more preferably a liquid or aqueous waste stream.
  • the concentration of nitrogen and nitrogen-containing compounds in the second waste stream is negligible, and preferably the second waste stream does not contain any nitrogen-containing compounds.
  • the second waste stream comprises waste of a low calorific value, for example contaminated water.
  • the second waste stream is fed downwards into the incineration chamber along a substantially vertical plane.
  • the second waste steam is fed into the incineration chamber at an angle of between o° and 90 0 downwards from the horizontal (where 0° is the horizontal plane, and 90 0 is the vertical plane).
  • the inventors have produced a novel incineration apparatus.
  • feed means for feeding a first waste stream and an oxygen-containing gas to the pre-combustion chamber, wherein the pre-combustion chamber is configured to partially combust waste therein;
  • the apparatus comprises a plurality of waste pre-combustion chambers, each being operably connected to the incineration chamber.
  • the pre- combustion chambers are arranged tangentially with respect to the incineration chamber. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the apparatus may comprise two, three, four or more pre-combustion chambers all connected to the incineration chamber.
  • the feed means is configured such that the oxygen-containing gas atomises the waste stream.
  • the feed means comprises a first channel along which the waste stream is fed to the pre-combustion chamber, and a second channel along which the oxygen-containing gas is fed to the pre-combustion chamber.
  • the second channel is concentrically disposed around the outside of the first channel, or vice versa, and outlets of the first and second channels meet such that, in use, a waste stream exiting its outlet is atomised by oxygen-containing gas exiting its outlet.
  • the second channel comprises at least one insert which is configured to create a narrowed section therein at least adjacent to its outlet, which, in use, causes the oxygen- containing gas to be fed into the stream of liquid waste exiting the first channel.
  • the waste feed means and the gas feed means are combined within a lance or atomiser.
  • the lance comprises an oxygen shroud configured to feed additional oxygen rich gas into the pre-combustion chamber.
  • the or each pre-combustion chamber is configured to feed the waste stream therein at an angle of between o° and 90 0 downwards from the horizontal. More preferably, the or each pre-combustion chamber is configured to feed the waste stream into the pre-combustion chamber at an angle of between 5 0 and 70 0 downwards from the horizontal, even more preferably between io° and 50 0 downwards from the horizontal, and most preferably between I9°and 25 0 downwards from the horizontal.
  • the or each pre-combustion chamber may comprise at least one gas inlet port configured to inject additional oxygen rich gas into the or each pre-combustion chamber.
  • the apparatus comprises control means configured to control the
  • the apparatus comprises at least one temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature in the or each pre-combustion chamber, and means for varying the flow of oxygen-containing gas into the or each pre-combustion chamber depending on the measured temperature.
  • the apparatus preferably comprises means for feeding the combustion gas into the incineration chamber, which is preferably a forced gas fan.
  • the combustion gas is preferably air.
  • the combustion gas may be enriched with oxygen.
  • the apparatus comprises means for feeding an exhaust gas stream out of the incineration chamber.
  • the apparatus comprises means for feeding a second waste stream into the incineration chamber.
  • the feed means is configured to feed the second waste stream into the incineration chamber along a substantially vertical plane.
  • the feed means could be configured to feed the second waste steam into the
  • incineration chamber along an angle of between o° and 90 0 downwards from the horizontal (where 0° is the horizontal plane, and 90 0 is the vertical plane).
  • the partially combusted first waste stream will act as a fuel and cause contaminants contained in the second waste stream to combust.
  • a waste pre-combustion chamber configured to be operably connected to a waste incineration chamber, the pre-combustion chamber comprising a combustion zone in which partial combustion occurs, waste feed means for feeding a waste stream to the combustion zone, gas feed means for feeding oxygen-containing gas to the combustion zone, wherein the gas feed means is configured to atomise the waste stream, and thereby produce a partially combusted feed stream in the combustion zone.
  • the waste feed means comprises a first channel along which the waste stream is fed to the combustion zone.
  • the gas feed means comprises a second channel along which the oxygen-containing gas is fed to the combustion zone.
  • the second channel is concentrically disposed around the outside of the first channel, or vice versa, and outlets of the first and second channels meet such that, in use, a waste stream exiting its outlet is atomised by oxygen-containing gas exiting its outlet.
  • the second channel comprises at least one insert which is configured to create a narrowed section therein at least adjacent to its outlet, which, in use, causes the oxygen-containing gas to be fed into the stream of waste exiting the first channel.
  • the waste feed means and the gas feed means are combined within a lance or atomiser.
  • the lance comprises an oxygen shroud configured to feed additional oxygen rich gas into the pre-combustion chamber.
  • the pre-combustion chamber comprises control means configured to control the temperature in the combustion zone and/or the amount of oxygen- containing gas being fed thereto.
  • the pre-combustion chamber comprises at least one temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature in the combustion zone, and means for varying the flow of oxygen- containing gas into the zone depending on the measured temperature.
  • the inventors believe that they are the first to have ever used a pre-combustion chamber connected to a main incinerator to partially combust a first liquid waste prior to its complete combustion in the main incinerator chamber in order to limit the formation of NOx compounds.
  • a fourth aspect there is provided use of the pre-combustion chamber of the third aspect, for partially combusting a waste stream containing nitrogen-containing compounds prior to complete combustion of the waste stream in an incineration chamber.
  • Figure l depicts a prior art incinerator for incinerating liquid waste
  • FIG. 2 depicts an incinerator for incinerating waste in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the incinerator of Figure 2 showing a pre-combustion chamber
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the concentration of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the flue gas, as well as the efficiency of the combustion reaction, as the concentration of oxygen increases.
  • the incinerator 1 comprises a main incinerator chamber 13, and an associated waste injector 3 for injecting the liquid waste 2 therein.
  • the incinerator also includes a gas inlet 4 and an exhaust gas outlet 5.
  • the liquid waste 2 is injected into the top 16 of the main incinerator chamber 13 via injector 3.
  • injector 3 As the liquid waste 2 falls into the incinerator 1, which is maintained at a temperature of about850 to 1200 °C, it encounters atmospheric gas 17 which is injected into the main incinerator chamber 13 through gas inlet 4. Accordingly, the liquid waste 2 undergoes a combustion reaction, which generates exhaust gas 18 which exits the main incinerator chamber 13 through exhaust 5.
  • the process is carried out at high temperatures with an excess of atmospheric gas 17.
  • a problem associated with the prior art incinerator 1 shown in Figure 1 is that if the liquid waste 2 contains nitrogen (N), then this is oxidised to form unwanted NO x compounds.
  • N nitrogen
  • recent restrictions in environmental legislation now specify a minimum temperature and minimum residence time requirement for incinerators. Accordingly, when an incinerator l of the type depicted in Figure l complies with the minimum temperature and time requirements, undesirable NO x compounds are often generated.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an embodiment of the incinerator 6 developed by the inventors.
  • the incinerator 6 includes a main incinerator chamber 13 and a waste injector 3 by which waste 2 is injected into chamber 13 where it is combusted.
  • the novel incinerator 6 includes a gas inlet 4 and an exhaust gas outlet 5.
  • the incinerator 6 of the invention includes a pre-combustion chamber 7, which is attached to one side 19 of the main incinerator chamber 13, and this pre-combustion chamber 7 is depicted in detail in Figure 3. While only one pre-combustion chamber 7 is illustrated, it will be understood that a plurality of pre-combustion chambers 7 could be installed tangentially to the main incinerator chamber 13.
  • the pre-combustion chamber 7 includes an open-ended box- shaped housing 30, which is connected to an upper corner of the main incinerator chamber 13, for example by welding.
  • An elongate lance 8 extends out through an upwardly facing side of the housing 30, and is provided to atomise and initiate combustion of a waste stream 11 which flows therethrough.
  • One end 22 of the lance 8 is connected to, and partially, extends into the housing 30 of the pre-combustion chamber 7, whereas the opposite end 32 of the lance 8 is connected to a waste feed 34.
  • the waste channel 9 is itself surrounded by a concentric channel 10 along which steam or oxygen rich gas 12 is fed via inlet port 40. Oxygen rich gas 12 is preferable to steam.
  • the liquid waste channel 9 is configured to pump the liquid waste 11 out of end 22 of the lance 8 into the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • the oxygen channel 10 is configured to pump an oxygen rich gas 12 (preferably pure oxygen) out of end 22 of the lance 8, and directly into the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • an oxygen rich gas 12 preferably pure oxygen
  • angled inserts 20 and 21 are disposed, which create narrowed sections 36 in oxygen channel 10. These narrowed sections 36 that are created just before the point where the oxygen rich gas 12 is fed into the pre-combustion chamber 7 causes the gas 12 to be fed into the stream of liquid waste 11 exiting lance 8. This causes the oxygen rich gas 12 to atomise the liquid waste 11 as it exits lance 8.
  • the lance 8 is fitted with an oxygen shroud 26 disposed circumferentially around the outside of the oxygen channel 10. Additional oxygen rich gas 27 can be injected via port 38 and along oxygen shroud 26 directly into the housing 30 of the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • the pre-combustion chamber 7 may comprise at least one gas inlet port configured to inject the additional oxygen rich gas into the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • the additional oxygen rich gas feed is introduced into the housing 30 at a site spaced apart from the site 36 where the liquid waste 11 is atomised by the gas 10.
  • the amount of oxygen rich gas 12 injected into the pre-combustion chamber 7 is carefully controlled to ensure that there is insufficient oxygen present for complete combustion of the liquid waste 11 to occur.
  • complete combustion may mean that all the carbon (C) in the liquid waste 11 feeding through the lance 8 and into the pre-combustion chamber 7 has reacted to form carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and all the hydrogen (H) in the liquid waste 11 has reacted to form water (H 2 0).
  • the conditions within the pre-combustion chamber 7 will cause the hydrogen (H) to form water (H 2 0) as well as OH radicals, and the carbon (C) to partially combust to form carbon monoxide (CO).
  • the pre-combustion chamber 7 operates at a temperature above the autoignition temperature of the liquid waste 11, which will be about 8oo-iioo°C. Since the pre- combustion reaction is occurring in conditions where there is an excess of the liquid waste 11, then increasing the concentration of oxygen will increase the temperature of the pre-combustion chamber 7, whereas decreasing the concentration of oxygen will decrease the temperature of the pre-combustion chamber 7. This is illustrated by the graph shown of Figure 4, where efficiency directly corresponds to temperature. Since the pre-combustion chamber will possess an excess of fuel 11, the conditions shown on the left hand side of the y-axis of the graph apply. Accordingly, the pre-combustion chamber 7 is provided with a temperature sensor 23 in the inside of the housing 30. The apparatus can be automated to monitor the temperature in the pre-combustion chamber 7, and vary the flow of the oxygen rich gas 12 therein depending on the temperature of the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • the system increases the flow of oxygen rich gas 12 into the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • the system decreases the flow of oxygen rich gas 12 into the pre-combustion chamber 7. This will allow the system to self-regulate the temperature in the pre-combustion chamber 7 by controlling the flow of the oxygen rich gas 12 into the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • a preset maximum e.g. 300°C above the autoignition temperature of the liquid waste 11
  • the liquid waste 11 is injected through lance 8 in a downwards direction into the pre- combustion chamber 7 at an angle of 22 0 to the horizontal, shown as ⁇ in Figure 2.
  • 22 0 is the natural spray expansion of a jet. Due to the effect of gravity acting on the spray, it is good practice to inject the liquid horizontally or downwards as opposed to upwards.
  • the angle of 22 0 therefore means that the top of the spray will initially be horizontal avoiding any of the liquid waste 11 being injected into the chamber 7 at an upwards angle.
  • this is not essential, and in practice the liquid waste 11 could be injected into the pre-combustion chamber 7 at a wide range of angles.
  • the liquid waste 11 will undergo the pre-combustion reaction as it passes into and through the pre-combustion chamber 7.
  • the partially combusted liquid waste 25 will then continue into the main incinerator chamber 13.
  • the main incinerator chamber 13 is provided with a gas injector 14, which is configured to inject atmospheric air 17 therein.
  • the gas injector 14 is fitted with a forced draft fan 24, which facilitates gas injection.
  • the injection of atmospheric air 17 into chamber 13 causes the partially combusted liquid waste 25 exiting the pre-combustion chamber 7 to combust completely.
  • the main incinerator chamber 13 is also provided with a waste injector 3 for injecting aqueous waste 15 therein.
  • the aqueous waste stream 15 will have a low calorific value and does not contain nitrogen.
  • the partially combusted liquid waste 25 mixes with the aqueous waste 15 and acts as a fuel, causing the contaminants within the aqueous waste 15 to combust.
  • Exhaust gas 18 exits the inc
  • the modified incinerator 6 of the invention reside in the presence of the pre-combustion chamber 7, which allows partial combustion of the liquid waste stream 11 containing nitrogen prior to complete combustion in the main incinerator chamber 13, thereby preventing the formation of unwanted NO x compounds. Additionally, the incinerator 6 allows the liquid waste 11 containing nitrogen to act as a fuel, and thereby combust any contaminants in a second low calorific aqueous waste stream 15. Another advantage is the provision of a feedback loop capable of controlling the temperature of the pre-combustion chamber 7 by controlling the flow of oxygen 12 into the pre- combustion chamber 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé d'incinération de déchets comprenant une première étape consistant à mettre en contact, dans une chambre de précombustion (7), un premier flux de déchets et du gaz contenant de l'oxygène ayant quantité insuffisante d'oxygène pour qu'une combustion complète se produise, ce qui permet de produire un flux de déchets partiellement brûlés, puis à mettre en contact, dans une chambre d'incinération (13), le flux de déchets partiellement brûlés et le gaz contenant de l'oxygène, ce qui permet d'amener le flux de déchets partiellement brûlés à brûler complètement.
PCT/EP2015/073126 2014-10-07 2015-10-07 Incinération de déchets Ceased WO2016055511A1 (fr)

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GB201417679D0 (en) 2014-11-19
GB2531010A (en) 2016-04-13

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