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WO2015136440A1 - Machine de récolte de fleurs de safran - Google Patents

Machine de récolte de fleurs de safran Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015136440A1
WO2015136440A1 PCT/IB2015/051735 IB2015051735W WO2015136440A1 WO 2015136440 A1 WO2015136440 A1 WO 2015136440A1 IB 2015051735 W IB2015051735 W IB 2015051735W WO 2015136440 A1 WO2015136440 A1 WO 2015136440A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
flowers
belts
starting
units
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2015/051735
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
David GONZÁLEZ TORNERO
José Miguel MEDINA CEBRIÁN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2015136440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015136440A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
    • A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine for automatically collecting saffron flowers without damaging the flowers or plants.
  • Saffron is a spice that is obtained from the stigmas of the flowers of Crocus sativus.
  • the use of saffron (Crocus sativus) dates back to ancient times, and consists in separating and releasing very carefully the stigmas of the flowers that are used to obtain the spice that gives a particular aroma and taste to food.
  • the existing manual process of cutting the flower called “monda” is based on taking the flower with the left hand, and with the nail of your thumb it is cut at the height of the style of the flower, that is, above the ovary and below the stigma insertion point. In vulgar terms that area is recognized as a “tube” or “corner” of the flower. With the right hand the stigmas are isolated and removed, depositing them in a container for that purpose. This operation means an average yield of 700 flowers / hour for a well-trained operator with a normal work day.
  • the mechanized cutting of saffron flowers improves the performance of manual cutting.
  • the existing machines that make this mechanized cut have the disadvantage that they damage the plant, so they have a negative impact on obtaining future flowers. It has also been observed that flower stigmas are easily damaged. Description of the invention
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a machine for collecting saffron flowers that has the advantage that it solves the disadvantages of existing machines.
  • the present invention provides a machine for collecting saffron flowers characterized by the fact that it comprises a flower starter unit that is mounted on a frame, said starter unit being capable of being displaced substantially aligned on a planting groove of said flowers, said unit comprising start a pair of transmission belts arranged longitudinally facing and in contact in the direction of advance of the machine, said belts being mounted in an inclined position relative to the ground plane, the contact surfaces of both belts being configured as a start and drag line ascending of flowers when both straps are driven in reverse.
  • the transmission belts are arranged with their faces facing and in contact with each other, the contact surface at one end of said belts determining a starting point of flowers, said flowers being susceptible, once torn off, if transported to a superior storage position. Thanks to the characteristics of the machine, the flower is torn off when the stem is pressed between both transmission belts that move in one direction opposite to the other. Once the flower is plucked, the same straps move the imprisoned flower to a higher position. In this upper position a container is placed on which the flowers fall when they are released from the straps.
  • the material of the contact surfaces of both belts is an elastomer of hardness suitable for tearing and dragging the flower to an upper position without damaging either the plant or the flower and, advantageously, said material is an elastomer of hardness less than 50 A, such as foam rubber material.
  • this type of elastomeric material allows the flower to be gently, precisely and delicately removed without damaging the plant, which favors the emergence of new flowers. In addition, this type of material does not damage the stamens.
  • edges of the elastomeric material of the straps are rounded so as not to damage the plant or the flowers when the straps contact them.
  • the surfaces of the straps press against each other, the contact force between the two straps determining the starting force of the flowers. In this way, varying the contact pressure of both belts can also vary the strength or sensitivity of the flowers starting.
  • Another advantage of the machine of the present invention lies in the fact that the system of Straps allows you to maintain a rate of flower picking that is independent of the density of flowers in the groove.
  • the belts can absorb and start a greater or lesser amount of flowers without reducing the speed of advance of the starting unit.
  • the starting speed must be modified according to the density of flowers of the groove so that the cutting mechanism can access all the flowers.
  • the starter unit comprises two drive pulleys for driving the belts, and at least two motors for driving each of said driving pulleys in the reverse direction.
  • Each of the belts is mounted on a drive pulley and a non-drive pulley that are installed in a chassis mounted on the machine frame.
  • the chassis of the belts of the same starter unit is joined by two axes that unify the assembly.
  • the machine comprises means for regulating the speed of rotation of the driving pulleys of a starter unit, the speed of rotation of said pulleys determining at least a part of the starting force of the flowers.
  • the machine has the advantage that it adapts to the most appropriate working point to obtain as optimal a start as possible without damaging the plant or stigmas.
  • said drive pulleys have a diameter between 30 and 70 mm. It has been observed that this diameter is the most suitable for starting flowers without damaging them.
  • the machine comprises at least two flower starter units that are mounted on said frame in an inclined position with respect to the ground plane, said starter units being capable of being displaced simultaneously aligned with each other on a planting groove. of these flowers.
  • said starting units are mounted on said frame so that one of said units is located in an advanced starting position with respect to the other starting unit, so that the flower starting distance of the two units is adapted to the planting distance of two adjacent grooves.
  • the starter units partially overlap.
  • the performance of the machine is very high, since the different starting units can move simultaneously aligned on a plurality of adjacent grooves, adapting to the planting distance of the flowers.
  • the machine frame comprises means for regulating the angle of inclination of the chassis of the starting units with respect to the ground plane, said inclination angle determining the position of the starting point of the flowers.
  • the angle of inclination with respect to the ground plane is very important since it ensures that the cut or break point of the flower is adequate so as not to compromise the exit of future flowers. As it has been commented, if the breakage of the flower is not carried out in the right place of the stem, the plant is damaged making it difficult to leave new flowers. In addition, it has also been observed that, depending on the speed of rotation of the straps, the angle of inclination must be modified to ensure a good sensitivity of attack of the flowers.
  • the inclination angle of said starter units is between 15 and 50 and. It has been observed that this angle is the most suitable for the flower density of the existing plantations.
  • the present invention provides a machine that adapts to the most appropriate working mode, controlling the starting force of the flowers by varying the contact pressure of the straps or the speed of rotation of said straps or, for example, controlling the position of the starting point of the flowers, modifying the angle of inclination of the starting units, or the distance or position of some starting units with respect to others.
  • the result is a very versatile machine that allows the delicate and smooth mechanization of saffron flower cutting without damaging the plant or flowers.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a machine of the present invention comprising three flower starter units.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of the machine of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a front view of the machine of Figure 1 in which Saffron flowers have been schematically represented.
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of the machine of Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 shows a detail of the pulleys and belts of a starter unit of the machine of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 shows a bottom view of a starter unit of the machine of Figure 1.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show two schematic perspective views of a machine incorporating rotating blades and air ejection tubes at the outlet end of the flowers.
  • the aforementioned figures represent a machine 1 for collecting saffron flowers comprising three units 2a, 2b, 2c of flowers.
  • Each of these starter units 2a, 2b, 2c comprises a pair of transmission belts 3a, 3b arranged longitudinally facing and in contact in the direction of advance of the machine 1.
  • Starter units 2a, 2b, 2c are arranged on the frame 4 in an inclined position with respect to the ground plane.
  • This inclined position determines the position of the starting point of the flower and can be modified by fixing the upper end of the chassis 5 on which the belts 3 are mounted at a different frame height 4 to vary the angle of inclination of the pair of belts 3a, 3b.
  • Figure 3 shows a front view of the machine 1 in which the saffron flowers 6 corresponding to three adjacent planting lines or grooves have been shown.
  • the overlapping position of the three starting units 2a, 2b, 2c allows simultaneous collection of flowers 6 from three adjacent grooves.
  • a flower 6 has been represented in an upper transport position that leads said flower 6 to a container, not shown, where the flowers 6 collected by the three units 2a, 2b, 2c are stored or collected.
  • Each of the starter units 2a, 2b, 2c is constituted by a pair of belts 3a, 3b that are arranged longitudinally facing each other with their faces in pressure contact against each other.
  • Each of the belts 3a, 3b is driven by a drive pulley 7a, 7b which, in turn, is driven by a motor 8a, 8b. Both belts 3a, 3b move in the opposite direction to be able to tear through the stem 9 the flowers 6 that are trapped between their contact surface.
  • Figure 5 represents a detail of one end of the belts 3a, 3b mounted on the non-driving pulleys 10. As described, the surfaces of both belts 3a, 3b contact pressure against each other, determining the contact pressure between both belts 3a, 3b the starting force of the flowers 6.
  • the material of the contact surfaces of the belts 3a, 3b is an elastomer of suitable hardness to facilitate the grip and tearing of the flowers 6 without damaging them.
  • this elastomeric material is configured by a 1 1 foam rubber layer that has been fixed on a rubber base.
  • this 1 1 foam rubber layer has rounded 1 1 edges so as not to damage the flowers 6.
  • foam rubber 1 1 is very suitable for tearing and dragging flowers 6 without damaging them.
  • any other type of elastomer material of suitable hardness could be used, instead of the 1 1 foam rubber.
  • Figure 6 shows a bottom view of a flower starter unit 2a 6 in which the axis 12 of connection of both belts 3a, 3b, as well as the axes 13 with bearings that are attached to the chassis 5 that joins the frame 4 of machine 1. These axes 13 facilitate the longitudinal sliding of the chassis 5 on the frame 4 of the machine 1 when the machine 1 or the starter units 2a, 2b, 2c bump into some stone.
  • the position of the flower starter units 2a, 2b, 2c with respect to the ground plane is adjusted to ensure an angle of inclination of the belts 3a, 3b that facilitates the point of correct starting of the flowers 6.
  • the position of each starting unit 2a, 2b, 2c is placed on the frame 4 in order to attack three furrows or flower lines 6 adjacent simultaneously.
  • the travel speed of the belts 3a, 3b and the contact pressure of the surfaces of the belts 3a, 3b are adjusted to ensure a correct starting force.
  • the collection proceeds.
  • the machine 1 is placed on a sowing line or groove and then the belts 3a, 3b are driven, moving the machine 1 with the starter units 2a, 2b, 2c aligned on three adjacent grooves.
  • the flowers 6 of each groove that are trapped by the contact surface are torn by the stem 9 of the plant at the ends of both belts 3a, 3b, and driven to a higher storage position by the same belts 3a, 3b.
  • rotating blades 14 are provided at the outlet end of the units 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • air discharge tubes 15 can also be used so as not to damage the flowers 6 (see figures 7 and 8).
  • the claimed machine 1 it allows to start the flowers 6 in a soft and delicate way, without damaging the stamens or the plant, which favors the exit of new flowers 6.
  • the claimed machine 1 has the advantage of being able to absorb more or less flowers 6 with a substantially uniform starting speed, since the contact surface of the belts 3a, 3b allows it.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

Une machine de récolte de fleurs de safran comprend une unité (2a, 2b, 2c) d'arrachage de fleurs (6) qui est montée sur un châssis (4), ladite unité (2a, 2b, 2c) pouvant être déplacée sensiblement de manière alignée sur un sillon d'ensemencement desdites fleurs (6), ladite unité (2a, 2b, 2c) d'arrachage comprenant une paire de courroies (3a, 3b) de transmission disposées longitudinalement face à face et en contact dans la direction de progression de la machine (1), lesdites courroies (3a, 3b) étant montées en position inclinée par rapport au plan du sol, les surfaces en contact des deux courroies (3a, 3b) configurant une ligne ascendante d'arrachage et de transport des fleurs (6), lorsque les deux courroies (3a, 3b) sont actionnées en sens inverse.
PCT/IB2015/051735 2014-03-11 2015-03-10 Machine de récolte de fleurs de safran Ceased WO2015136440A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201430331 2014-03-11
ES201430331A ES2512165B1 (es) 2014-03-11 2014-03-11 Máquina para recolectar flores de azafrán

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015136440A1 true WO2015136440A1 (fr) 2015-09-17

Family

ID=51732009

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2015/051735 Ceased WO2015136440A1 (fr) 2014-03-11 2015-03-10 Machine de récolte de fleurs de safran

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2512165B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015136440A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3058617A1 (fr) * 2017-05-31 2018-05-18 Morteza Samipoor Appareil destine a recueillir les pistils et les stigmates de fleurs de crocus a partir de fleur de crocus
IT202200021915A1 (it) 2022-10-24 2024-04-24 Andrea Prete Sistema meccatronico per la raccolta del fiore di zafferano

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2442600A1 (de) * 1974-09-05 1976-03-18 Otto Besseling Porreeerntemaschine zum anbau an eine zugmaschine mit saeuberungs- und verladeeinrichtung
DE3407517C1 (de) * 1984-03-01 1986-01-23 Paraskevas, Melidis, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ernten der Blütenteile von Krokusblumen
FR2628933A1 (fr) * 1988-03-25 1989-09-29 Maine Loire Chambre Agricultur Dispositif pour recolter des ombelles, notamment d'oignons ou de poireaux
WO1992010084A1 (fr) * 1990-12-07 1992-06-25 Zijlstra & Bolhuis B.V. Moissonneuse a unites de nettoyage ameliorees

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3033257C2 (de) * 1979-09-11 1983-01-13 Deere & Co., Moline, Ill., US, Niederlassung Deere & Co. European Office, 6800 Mannheim Erntevorrichtung für vorzugsweise in Reihen angepflanztes Erntegut
US4581878A (en) * 1984-04-19 1986-04-15 Bekescsabai Mezogazdasagi Gepgyarto Es Szolgaltato Vallalat Multi-row adapter for the complete harvesting of corn or sunflower
ES2006025A6 (es) * 1987-12-28 1989-04-01 Gen Azafran De Espana S A Soc Perfeccionamientos en maquinas cosechadoras de azafran.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2442600A1 (de) * 1974-09-05 1976-03-18 Otto Besseling Porreeerntemaschine zum anbau an eine zugmaschine mit saeuberungs- und verladeeinrichtung
DE3407517C1 (de) * 1984-03-01 1986-01-23 Paraskevas, Melidis, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ernten der Blütenteile von Krokusblumen
FR2628933A1 (fr) * 1988-03-25 1989-09-29 Maine Loire Chambre Agricultur Dispositif pour recolter des ombelles, notamment d'oignons ou de poireaux
WO1992010084A1 (fr) * 1990-12-07 1992-06-25 Zijlstra & Bolhuis B.V. Moissonneuse a unites de nettoyage ameliorees

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3058617A1 (fr) * 2017-05-31 2018-05-18 Morteza Samipoor Appareil destine a recueillir les pistils et les stigmates de fleurs de crocus a partir de fleur de crocus
WO2018220465A1 (fr) 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Morteza Samipoor Appareil destiné à recueillir les pistils et les stigmates de fleurs de crocus à partir de fleur de crocus
IT202200021915A1 (it) 2022-10-24 2024-04-24 Andrea Prete Sistema meccatronico per la raccolta del fiore di zafferano

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2512165B1 (es) 2015-04-28
ES2512165A1 (es) 2014-10-23

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