WO2015115942A1 - Method for processing combustible carbon- and/or hydrocarbon-containing products and reactor for the implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventions can be used in the field of industrial processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon-containing products. The method for processing combustible carbon- and/or hydrocarbon-containing products comprises consecutive layerwise processing of a charge in a reactor in the presence of a catalyst. In the reactor, the charge, moving from top to bottom, passes zones of: heating the processed products (9), pyrolysis (8), coking (7), and combustion (6) with the formation of a solid residue, which is then discharged from a processed solid residue discharge zone (2), having a discharge opening (3), said discharge being conducted cyclically from the working space of the reactor while maintaining the tightness thereof. A sealed working chamber (1) of the reactor comprises a zone supplied with wet small particulates from solid fuel waste, which also serves for pyrolysis and coking (14) of said particulates, said zone being combined with zones for supplying (4) and heating (5) an oxygen-containing agent. A conduit for supplying the oxygen-containing agent (15) is connected to a hopper (16) containing wet small particulates from solid fuel waste, from which a fluidised flow is formed in the zone (14) of the reactor. An additional quantity of the oxygen-containing agent is supplied into the reactor as part of the main stream, said quantity being required for the further combustion of small particulates from solid fuel waste, which have already passed through the pyrolysis (8) and coking (7) zones, as well as for converting moisture into a superheated steam. The inventions implement a complete utilization of small fractions of processed products, and make it possible to produce a high-calorific gas and to increase the output and quality of the final products.

Description

 METHOD FOR PROCESSING FUEL

 CARBON AND / OR HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING PRODUCTS

 AND REACTOR FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The invention relates to the field of industrial processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon-containing products and can be used, in particular, for the processing of various industrial and household wastes, including solid fuels such as sawdust, coal chips, fines and dust, waste brewing industry such as beer pellets, as well as for the processing of low-quality combustible minerals, such as, for example, brown coals, oil shale and the like.

A known method of pyrolysis and gasification of solid organic substances or mixtures of organic substances, comprising introducing raw materials into one or more drying and pyrolysis reactors, consisting of one or more reactors with a moving bed or from one or more rotating reactors or from one or more working reactors and reactors with a moving bed, for contact with the material of the fluidized bed of combustion, resulting in the formation of water vapor and pyrolysis products consisting of gases with condensable substances and solid carbonaceous residue; supplying solid carbon residues or solid carbon residues and part of the water vapor and pyrolysis gas with condensable substances and the fluidized bed material back into the fluidized bed of combustion in which the carbon residue of organic substances is burned, the fluidized bed material is heated and again sent to a pyrolysis reactor, in which pyrolysis residues, which act as a stationary fluidized bed, are burned, and water after drying and pyrolysis gases with condensable substances are treated in an additional reaction zone of an indirect heat exchanger with the addition of steam, oxygen, air, or mixtures thereof into a pyrolysis gas or into a heat exchanger, in order to obtain a gaseous product with a high calorific value, in which the off-gases formed during combustion, and the fluidized bed material from the fluidized bed of combustion is contacted in the reaction zone of the heat exchanger, using their heat content for the interaction of pyrolysis gases with steam, oxygen, air or a mixture thereof [Description of the invention to the RF patent NQ 2272064 from 06/27/2000, IPC C 10G 9/32, C 10J 3/54, C 10J 3/56, C 10B 49/16, C 10B 49/10, C 10B 49/22, C 10K 3/00, publ. 03/20/2006].

 The process is designed in such a way as to exclude the zone principle of waste processing in one unit due to the blurring (uncertainty) of the boundaries of the zones. Therefore, to produce gas with high calorific value and at high temperatures (500–900 ° C), instead of one apparatus (reactor), several are proposed:

 - fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor;

 - a fluidized bed combustion reactor for a carbon residue;

 - reactor-heat exchanger with a catalyst.

 The devices in the gas phase are tied with oncoming flows. This can cause difficulties in their operation, as it is necessary to observe the equality of material flows and fluidization rates in each apparatus. Instrumentation operating under the specified conditions should be specifically designed for this process.

The presence of nitrogen present in the composition of the supplied air and, accordingly, in the composition of the produced gas leads to a decrease in its calorific value and to a decrease in the rate of catalytic processes in the reaction zone (reactor-heat exchanger). Resinous products entering the reactor-heat exchanger with the catalyst can deactivate it, which will lead to a decrease in the calorific value of the produced gas and replacement of the catalyst.

A known method of processing coal to produce heat-treated solid fuel and heat energy, including thermo-oxidative treatment of crushed coal up to 10 mm in a fluidized bed, AT THIS processing is carried out by simultaneous thermal-oxidative treatment of coal at a temperature of 700-950 ° C due to partial oxidation of coal air and separation of the mineral part of coal, heavier than coal, with a decrease in the ash content of the obtained heat-treated solid fuel, and crushed coal is used as the feedstock b, wherein the blast air fed to the fluidized bed in the amounts of the 2500-4200 m ³ / (m ² xq) [Disclosure of the invention to the RF Patent NQ 2401295 of 26.08.2009, IPC C 10 B 49/10, publ. 10.10.2010]. As a result, the efficiency is increased and coal processing is simplified by eliminating the stage of preliminary enrichment of the initial raw coal.

 For the implementation of the method, preliminary preparation of coal is necessary so that its dimensions do not exceed the established size of 10 mm. This requires special equipment and as a result of processing non-recyclable waste can be obtained in the form of coal dust and crumbs.

 Obtained during the combustion of pyrolysis products and entrained coal particles in a fluidized bed, the gas mainly consists of CO2, H2O and N2 and cannot be an energy fuel, because has almost zero calorific value. In addition, locally, coal particles in a mixture with primary and secondary air can form explosive mixtures.

Also known is a method of processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, including their high-temperature layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of a nozzle when supplying an oxygen-containing agent and water vapor, burning, coking and pyrolysis of combustible components, the formation of a vapor-gas mixture and solid residues, their cooling, removal and removal from the workspace reactor, while directly behind the coking and pyrolysis zone, a zone of synthesis and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons with a temperature of 250-400 ° C is formed, a temperature of 850-1300 ° C is maintained in the combustion zone, chemically unbound carbon is emitted in the zone of coking and pyrolysis in the combustion zone treat it with water vapor with the formation of free hydrogen, which is fed into the synthesis and hydrogenation zone, sequentially carrying out the synthesis and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, while the vacuum and the process of formation are formed inside the working space of the reactor ut in the presence of a catalyst, which is part of the nozzle [Description of the invention to RF patent NQ 2385343 dated 10. 12.2008, IPC С 10В 49/02, F23G 5/027]. As a result, the problem of reducing the energy capacity of the process, expanding technological capabilities in terms of controlling the chemical composition and increasing the yield of products ready for further use, as well as improving their quality, is solved.

 The disadvantage of this method is still the high energy capacity of the process due to the high cost of introduced hydrogen, the need to use a large amount of recyclable material to support the combustion process, which in the case of waste such as wood dramatically reduces the profitability of their processing, not - sufficiently broad technological capabilities in terms of managing the chemical composition and increasing the yield of products ready for further use, as well as unrealized opportunities for improving their quality.

 Accordingly, there are specialized devices for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products.

In particular, there is known a device comprising a pyrolysis shaft or rotary reactor, a fluidized bed of combustion for a pyrolysis residue, a reaction zone for pyrolysis gases, wherein a fluidized bed material is circulated between the fluidized bed of combustion and the pyrolysis reactor, while the reactor having a gas-tight feed device applied material and an inlet for supplying fluidized material W

5

layer from the fluidized bed of combustion, located close to the fluidized bed of combustion, while the pyrolysis reactor contains at its lower end a screw element for transferring the fluidized bed of combustion, which contains overflow to transfer material of the fluidized bed to the specified reactor, and flue gases fluidized bed combustion can be fed into the reaction zone of heat transfer, which is connected to the reactor for pyrolysis gases [See Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation Ns 2272064].

 The present device has the disadvantages of the method for which it is intended to be implemented.

 A reactor for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products is also known, including a sealed working chamber with working zones arranged in a technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, supplying air and water vapor through appropriate channels, heating the air and water vapor, combustion, coking and pyrolysis, heating of the processed products, selection of a gas-vapor mixture with at least one selection channel, and a loading zone of processed products with a gateway, Moreover, each zone is equipped with at least one temperature sensor, and the zones of heating of air and water vapor, and the selection of the gas-vapor mixture are equipped with pressure sensors, while the working chamber contains a zone for synthesis and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons equipped with additional temperature sensors, which is not located - directly behind the coking and pyrolysis zone [See Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2385343].

 The present reactor also has the disadvantages of the method for which it is intended.

The problem solved by the present inventions and the technical result achieved is to expand the technological capabilities of the process of processing combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, which will result in more complete utilization of the processed products, including their fine fractions, an increase in the calorific value of combined cycle gas mixtures, additional heat supply to the zone of grief- the simplification of the process of supplying water to the reaction zone, bypassing the stage of preparation of superheated steam. As a result, the energy capacity of the process is supported by cheaper, previously practically non-recyclable waste, it becomes possible to control the chemical composition and increase the yield of products ready for further use, and also achieve their highest possible quality with this method of processing.

 To solve the problem and achieve the claimed technical result in a method for processing combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, including the preparation of the mixture from the processed products and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of the catalyst included in the nozzle, with the movement of the mixture and nozzles from top to bottom and when an oxygen-containing agent and water vapor are fed into the reactor from bottom to top, and including the stages of heating the mixture, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, formation of a solid residue, which is discharged from the reactor working space, formation of a gas-vapor mixture, cooling of the gas-vapor mixture and its removal from the reactor working space, while forming a vacuum inside the reactor working space, and when the oxygen-containing agent is fed into the reactor from the bottom up, wet small particles of solid fuel wastes with their transfer to the fluidized state, while an additional amount of an oxygen-containing agent is introduced into the reactor as part of the main the outflow required for the subsequent combustion of small particles of solid fuel wastes that have passed the pyrolysis and coking stages, and the transfer of their moisture into superheated steam, and the solid residue is unloaded from the reactor working space cyclically while maintaining the tightness of the reactor working space.

 Besides:

 - rings of heat-resistant steel containing nickel are used as nozzles;

- wood chips or starch, or coal fines, or similar materials are used as solid fuel wastes. In a reactor for the processing of combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, including a sealed working chamber with working zones arranged in a technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, supplying an oxygen-containing agent, heating an oxygen-containing agent, burning, coking and pyrolysis, heating of the processed products, selection of a gas-vapor mixture with at least one sampling channel, and a loading zone of processed products with a gateway, the working chamber contains a root zone and wet small particles of solid fuel waste and their pyrolysis and coking, combined with zones for supplying and heating an oxygen-containing agent, while the channel for its supply is connected to a hopper-dispenser of wet small particles of solid fuel waste with the possibility of formation of them in the corresponding zone inside the fluidized bed reactor.

 Besides:

 - the dosing device for wet small particles of solid fuel waste from the hopper is screw-shaped, while the hopper is equipped with a water dispenser connected to nozzles installed in the upper part of the hopper and includes a level gauge and a humidity sensor;

 - the zone for unloading solid processing residues is made in the form of a gateway with two gates.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a reactor for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products that implements the corresponding method.

A method for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products is implemented in the corresponding reactor (lining and instrumentation are not shown conventionally), which includes a sealed working chamber (housing) 1 with working areas located in the technological sequence: unloading solid residues processing - 2 with a discharge window 3, supply (supply) of an oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 4, heating an oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 5, combustion - 6, coking - 7 and pyrolysis - 8, heating of processed products - 9, from - bora steam gas new mixture - 10 s, at least one selection channel - 1 1, and the loading zone of the processed products - 12 with the gateway 13, while the working chamber 1 contains a zone for supplying wet small particles of solid fuel waste and their pyrolysis and coking - 14, combined with zones for supplying (supplying) an oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 4 and heating - 5, while the channel 15 of its supply is connected to the hopper-dispenser of wet small particles of solid fuel waste - 16 with the possibility of forming them in the corresponding zone 14 inside the reactor 1 of the fluidized stream. Additionally, the dispenser 16 'of wet small particles of solid fuel waste of the hopper 16 is made screw, while the hopper 16 is equipped with a water dispenser 17 connected to the nozzles 18 installed in the upper part of the hopper 16, and includes a level gauge 19 and a humidity sensor 20, and the discharge zone of solid processing residues - 2 is made in the form of a gateway 21 with two gates 22.

A method for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products involves the preparation of a charge from the processed products and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of a catalyst that is part of the nozzle, when the charge and the charge are moved downward and when fed into the reactor from the bottom up oxygen-containing agent and water vapor, and including the stages of heating the mixture, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, formation of a solid residue, which is discharged from the working space of the reactor, the formation of a vapor – gas mixture, cooling of the vapor – gas mixture and its removal from the working space of the reactor (working chamber 1), while forming a vacuum inside the working space of the reactor, and when the oxygen-containing agent is fed into the reactor from the bottom up, moist small particles of solid fuel waste are introduced into its flow with their transfer to the fluidized state, while an additional amount of an oxygen-containing agent is introduced into the reactor in the main stream, which is necessary for the subsequent combustion of small particles of solid waste fuels that have passed the pyrolysis and coking stages, and the transfer of their moisture (and, if necessary, additional water, in the case of insufficient humidity of small particles of solid fuel waste) to superheated steam, and unloading the solid residue from the working space of the reactor pa carried out cyclically while maintaining the tightness of the working space of the reactor. Additionally, rings (not shown conventionally) made of heat-resistant steel containing nickel are used as nozzles, and sawdust or starch, or coal fines (including crumbs, dust) are used as solid fuel wastes, or the like - ny materials.

 Let us analyze the essential features of inventions.

 When the oxygen-containing agent is fed into the reactor from the bottom up, moist small particles of solid fuel waste are introduced into its stream with their conversion to the fluidized state, while an additional amount of oxygen-containing agent is introduced into the reactor as part of the main stream, which is necessary for subsequent combustion of small particles of solid fuel waste having passed the stages of pyrolysis and coking, and the transfer of their moisture into superheated steam. Thus, the lower part of the reactor 23 becomes an independent (second) reactor with a lower feed of processed products and a common combustion zone 6 in a single housing 1. This requires additional sealing of the reactor working space, therefore, the solid residue is unloaded from it in person. This is quite enough to ensure the environmental safety of the process with minimal costs.

 To improve the performance of the reactor that implements the method, a catalyst is required, which is part of the nozzle. One of the main requirements for it is durability. Nickel, which is part of heat-resistant steel rings, meets these requirements.

 The so-called “second reactor” operates on the cheapest raw materials that are practically not processed in industrial volumes - solid fuel waste, which is used as sawdust or starch, or coal fines (including crumbs, dust), or similar materials for example, beer grains. It should be borne in mind that the processing of such waste by a new technology becomes cost-effective.

As for the reactor, its working chamber 1 contains a zone for supplying wet small particles of solid fuel wastes and their pyrolysis and coking 14, combined with the supply zone of the oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 4 and the heating of the oxygen-containing agent and water - 5. From a technical point of view, such a solution to the working chamber 1 is considered to be structurally incorrect, since it “clogs” the oxygen-containing agent. And the connection of its channel 15 with the hopper-dosing 16 wet small particles of solid fuel wastes aggravates this situation. There is a technical contradiction. However, the formation of solid fossil wastes from moist fine particles in the corresponding zone 14 inside the fluidized-bed reactor suggests that the “traditional” reactor with the top charge charge from the processing products began to include the supply of additional processing products, but from them bottom loading. This allowed (see above) to obtain a number of technological advantages characteristic of two independent devices using structurally simple methods - due to the parametric reserve of the reactor. To obtain optimal reactor operating parameters, the batcher 16 'of wet small particles of solid fuel waste of the hopper 16 is screw-shaped, while the hopper 16 contains a level gauge 19 and a humidity sensor 20 associated with the nozzle 18 equipped with water dispenser 17 The rest of the reactor remained the same, with the exception that the discharge zone of solid residues from processing 2 was supplemented by a gateway 21 with two shutters 22. This made it possible to ensure the necessary tightness of the working chamber (case) 1.

The essence of the invention is to carry out “double gasification” in one apparatus, when hydrocarbon and / or carbon-containing raw materials are supplied from above in the form of briquettes or pellets, or in pieces or like wood chips, namely peat, coal, wood, garbage (possibly , liquid hydrocarbons are used as irrigation), and wet sawdust or coal chips are fed from below along with air or oxygen-enriched air in fluidized form. Each type of raw material passes heating and heating zones 9 and 5, pyrolysis and coking 8, 7 and 14 from above and below. Combustion zone 6 (oxidation) is common for the upper and lower flows of raw materials. Wet sawdust and / or coal chips (fines), beer pellets or similar materials are simultaneously carriers of carbon and water vapor.

 During heating and evaporation, water is separated; during pyrolysis, acetic acid, pyrolysis water, and resins are released; phenols are the main component of resins. Phenols and acetic acid are oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to CO2 and H2O. Water and carbon dioxide in the combustion zone are involved in reactions with carbon CO2 + C = 2CO.

 Water vapor at temperatures above 850 ° С interacts with carbon by the reaction С + Н20 = СО + Нг.

 The course of these reactions to the end is ensured by the presence of the ring surface heated to 1000 ° C in the shape of a Rashig ring made of heat-resistant stainless steel containing up to 23-30% nickel, which is a catalyst for these processes. Such a nozzle having a large free volume and a developed surface allows you to:

 - intensify all the above-mentioned processes of heating, evaporation, pyrolysis, coking and combustion (oxidation);

 - process raw materials with high ash content with dry slag removal.

 Since the combustible part of the waste (sawdust or other) in the fluidized bed of air in the reactor is oxidized to CO2 and H2O, this contributes to the release of heat to maintain the temperature in the reactor and to carry out endothermic reactions CO2 + C = 2CO - 41 kcal / mol and С + Н2О - 31 kcal / mol, including some of the carbon obtained from the feed from above. The resulting CO and Hg increase the calorific value of the gas leaving the reactor, which, in particular, can be used in boiler plants to produce hot water or water vapor. Thus, the completeness of waste processing is ensured without additional energy costs.

 Of course, the gas leaving the reactor during the processing of car covers, tar, bitumen, oil pitch, boghedhead, oil shale, etc. can be used for the synthesis of various fuels and for the production of raw materials for special chemical industries, which is a parametric reserve of the developed technology.

The invention is illustrated by the following example. To implement the method, an appropriate continuous reactor was used with a working diameter of 1500 mm, a height of the cylindrical part of 10000 mm, and a working volume of 18 m ³ . Wood fuel briquettes with a moisture content of 15% by weight were used as combustible products for processing. and sawdust with a moisture content of 50% by weight.

 The prepared briquette charge, including a nozzle in the form of rings made of heat-resistant steel, was loaded through sealed lock gates 24 into the upper part of the working chamber 1 of the reactor, where a small but stable discharge was maintained.

 At the same time, an oxygen-containing agent and moist sawdust were fed from the bottom upwards through a special channel 15, which were taken from the hopper 16 with a special device 25 (fan, blower, etc.) into the fluidized state by air flow, and the amount of oxygen-containing agent in the main stream, necessary for the subsequent combustion of sawdust that has passed the pyrolysis and coking stages, and the transfer of their moisture to superheated steam.

 As the charge (the main stream of processed products) moved from top to bottom, it was heated, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, burning and formation of a solid residue, which was unloaded from the reactor working space cyclically while maintaining its tightness. The solid residue on the sieves was freed from heat-resistant rings, which were re-sent to the preparation of the mixture - for mixing with wood briquettes.

 When processing wood sawdust, which occurs when they move from bottom to top, chemical processes occurred, accompanied by the release of additional heat, which ultimately optimized the thermal and chemical processes that occur during layer-by-layer processing of the main charge stream.

 As a result, a gas-vapor mixture with a temperature of 150 ° C to 220 ° C was obtained, which was removed from the working space of the reactor for further disposal.

The following is a comparative analysis of wood processing briquettes with a moisture content of 15% weight. in the presence of heat resistant steel nozzles in two versions.

 1st option. 2000 kg / h of wood briquettes are processed without feeding sawdust from below with air. Table 1 shows the gas composition at the outlet of the reactor.

 Table 1

 Caloric content of gas 1322 kcal / kg

 2nd option. 2000 kg / h of wood briquettes are processed with the supply of 200 kg / h of sawdust together with air with a humidity of 50% weight. when creating a fluidized bed inside the reactor. Table 2 shows the gas composition at the outlet of the reactor.

 table 2

 Caloric value of gas 1479 kcal / kg

Thus, in the processing of wood briquettes from the "bottom" By supplying wet sawdust at the outlet of the reactor through a sampling channel 1 1, more high-calorie gas was obtained (by approximately 1 1, 9%).

 With the same success, briquetted household and industrial waste, tires, non-coking coals, peat, shales, lignite, etc. can be used as processed products for the top loading of the reactor. Coal chips can also be used for the bottom loading of the reactor (trifle), beer pellet, starch and similar materials, i.e. products not previously processed on an industrial scale. As a result, the percentage of the most important components will change slightly, while maintaining a pronounced tendency to increase gas calories.

 During the implementation of the inventions, the technological capabilities of the process for processing combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products expanded, resulting in a more complete utilization of the processed products, including their fine fractions, increased calorific value of the gas-vapor mixture, and an additional sum was brought into the combustion zone heat, the process of supplying water to the reaction zone was simplified, bypassing the stage of preparation of superheated steam. In addition, it became possible to maintain the energy capacity of the process due to cheap, almost non-recyclable waste. Also, it became possible to control the chemical composition and increase the yield of products ready for further use, and their maximum quality was achieved with this processing method.

Claims

CLAIM 1. A method of processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, including the preparation of the charge from the processed products and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of the catalyst that is part of the nozzle, with the movement of the charge and nozzle from top to bottom and when feeding into the reactor is from the bottom up an oxygen-containing agent and water vapor, and including the stages of heating the charge, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, the formation of a solid residue that is discharged from the working space of the reactor, formation of a vapor-gas mixture, cooling of the vapor-gas mixture and its removal from the working space of the reactor, while forming a vacuum inside the working space of the reactor, DIFFERENT THAT, when the oxygen-containing agent is fed into the reactor from the bottom up, moist small particles of solid fuel waste are introduced into its stream with their transfer to a fluidized state, while an additional amount of an oxygen-containing agent is introduced into the reactor as part of the main stream, which is necessary for subsequent combustion of small waste particles in solid fuels that have passed the pyrolysis and coking stages, and transfer their moisture to superheated steam, and the solid residue is unloaded from the reactor working space cyclically while maintaining the tightness of the reactor working space.  2. The method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZING THAT, as a nozzle use rings made of heat-resistant steel containing nickel.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sawdust, or starch, or charcoal fines, or similar materials are used as solid fuel wastes. 4. A reactor for processing combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, including a sealed working chamber with working zones arranged in a technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, supplying an oxygen-containing agent, heating an oxygen-containing agent, burning, coking and pyrolysis, heating of processed products, selection a gas-vapor mixture with at least one sampling channel and a loading zone for processed products with a gateway, DIFFERENT THAT the working chamber contains a zone for supplying wet fine particles of solid fuel wastes and their pyrolysis and coking, combined with zones for supplying and heating an oxygen-containing agent, while its feed channel is connected to a dosing hopper of wet small particles of solid fuel waste with the possibility of forming from them in the corresponding zone inside the fluidized-bed reactor.  5. The reactor according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZING THAT the dosing device for wet small particles of solid fuel waste from the hopper is screw-shaped, while the hopper is equipped with a water dispenser connected to the nozzles installed in the upper part of the hopper and includes a level gauge and a humidity sensor.  6. The reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that the zone for unloading solid processing residues is made in the form of a gateway with two gates.