WO2015190072A1 - 多元共重合体、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ - Google Patents
多元共重合体、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015190072A1 WO2015190072A1 PCT/JP2015/002816 JP2015002816W WO2015190072A1 WO 2015190072 A1 WO2015190072 A1 WO 2015190072A1 JP 2015002816 W JP2015002816 W JP 2015002816W WO 2015190072 A1 WO2015190072 A1 WO 2015190072A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F236/10—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl-aromatic monomers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F210/08—Butenes
- C08F210/10—Isobutene
- C08F210/12—Isobutene with conjugated diolefins, e.g. butyl rubber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-component copolymer, a rubber composition, and a tire.
- rubber products tires, conveyor belts, anti-vibration rubber, seismic isolation rubber, etc.
- high durability destructive properties, abrasion resistance, crack growth resistance, etc.
- weather resistance Various rubber components and rubber compositions have been developed to meet the requirements.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a conjugated diene compound (part derived from a conjugated diene compound) has a cis-1,4 bond content of greater than 70.5 mol% and a non-conjugated olefin content of 10 mol% or more.
- Copolymers with conjugated olefins are disclosed, and it is disclosed that the copolymers can be used to produce rubbers with good crack growth resistance and weather resistance.
- this copolymer is a binary copolymer obtained by polymerizing one kind of conjugated diene compound and one kind of nonconjugated olefin compound, it is a single nonconjugated olefin compound that contributes to the improvement of weather resistance.
- the chain length of the portion where the units derived from the chain are continuous, particularly, the chain length of the portion where the units derived from ethylene are continuous when ethylene is used tends to be long, and the crystallinity tends to increase.
- the physical properties as an elastomer may be reduced, and when a rubber composition or a rubber product or the like is produced using this (particularly during kneading in the production of the rubber composition). There is a risk that the workability of the machine may be reduced.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a polymer having low crystallinity in addition to contributing to improvement in durability and weather resistance of rubber products and rubber products such as tires in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition and a tire that can be produced with high workability and have high durability and weather resistance.
- the polymer of the present invention achieves the above-mentioned object, that is, a multi-component copolymer containing a conjugated diene unit, a non-conjugated olefin unit, and an aromatic vinyl unit, and the main chain is acyclic.
- conjugated diene unit refers to a unit corresponding to a unit derived from a conjugated diene compound in a copolymer
- non-conjugated olefin unit refers to a non-conjugated unit in a copolymer. It refers to a unit corresponding to a unit derived from a conjugated olefin compound
- aromatic vinyl unit refers to a unit corresponding to a unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound in a copolymer.
- conjugated diene compound refers to a conjugated diene compound
- non-conjugated olefin compound refers to an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-carbon double bond
- aromatic vinyl compound refers to an aromatic compound substituted with at least a vinyl group, and is not included in the conjugated diene compound.
- main chain refers to a long chain part connecting the terminal ends of each unit in the copolymer, and may be linear depending on the chain structure of the copolymer. Well, it may be branched.
- the “main chain” does not include a branched portion that is not bonded to an adjacent unit in each unit constituting the copolymer.
- the “multi-component copolymer” refers to a copolymer obtained by polymerizing three or more types of monomers.
- the rubber composition of the present invention includes the multi-component copolymer of the present invention.
- the tire of the present invention is characterized by using the rubber composition of the present invention.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a polymer having low crystallinity as well as improving the durability and weather resistance of rubber compositions and rubber products such as tires. Moreover, according to this invention, while being able to manufacture with high workability
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a 13 C-NMR spectrum chart (range of 0 to 150 ppm) of copolymer A in Examples.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a 13 C-NMR spectrum chart (in the range of 10 to 50 ppm) of copolymer A in Examples.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is a multi-component copolymer containing a conjugated diene unit, a non-conjugated olefin unit, and an aromatic vinyl unit, and the main chain is composed only of an acyclic structure.
- the inventors of the present invention provide a binary copolymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound, a non-conjugated olefin compound, an aromatic vinyl compound, and the above-described multi-component copolymer, and a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin compound.
- the chain length of the portion composed of the unit derived from the conjugated diene compound is not composed of a large difference between the two, but is composed of the unit derived from the non-conjugated olefin compound. It has been found that the multi-component copolymer has a shorter chain length than the above-described binary copolymer. Similarly, when the above multi-component copolymer was compared with a multi-component copolymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, a chain composed of units derived from the conjugated diene compound was obtained.
- the chain length of the portion composed of units derived from the aromatic vinyl compound is shorter in the multi-component copolymer than in the binary copolymer described above.
- the present inventors have found that the crystallinity of the multi-component copolymer can be significantly lower than that of the binary copolymer described above, and have reached the present invention.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention contains a conjugated diene unit, a non-conjugated olefin unit and an aromatic vinyl unit, both high durability and weather resistance are achieved. Since it contains a vinyl group, the crystallinity is low.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention can be suitably used for the production of rubber compositions and rubber products, and can improve the workability when producing rubber compositions and rubber products.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention can be produced using a conjugated diene compound, a non-conjugated olefin compound, and an aromatic vinyl compound as monomers, high durability derived from the conjugated diene compound and
- the non-conjugated olefin compound and the aromatic vinyl compound can intervene to have a high weather resistance due to the reduction of the double bond ratio.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention can be synthesized in one reaction vessel, that is, one-pot synthesis, as described in the production method below, and can be produced by a simplified process.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention can be polymerized using a conjugated diene compound as a monomer, for example, a known ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene copolymer (EPDM) is used. Compared to a copolymer obtained by polymerization using a non-conjugated diene compound, the crosslinking property is excellent. Therefore, the multi-component copolymer of the present invention also has an advantage that the mechanical properties of a rubber composition and a rubber product produced using the copolymer can be further improved.
- a conjugated diene compound for example, a known ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene copolymer (EPDM) is used. Compared to a copolymer obtained by polymerization using a non-conjugated diene compound, the crosslinking property is excellent. Therefore, the multi-component copolymer of the present invention also has an advantage that the mechanical properties of a rubber composition
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention has the advantage that the crack resistance is improved because the main chain consists only of an acyclic structure and the 1,4-bond derived from butadiene has a high cis structure.
- NMR is used as a main measuring means for confirming whether or not the main chain of the copolymer has a cyclic structure.
- the main chain of the copolymer is It shows that it consists only of an acyclic structure.
- the conjugated diene unit in the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is usually a unit derived from a conjugated diene compound as a monomer, and the conjugated diene compound preferably has 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the conjugated diene compound include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and the like.
- the conjugated diene compound may be a single kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- the conjugated diene compound as a monomer of the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is 1, 3 from the viewpoint of effectively improving the durability of a rubber composition or a tire using the multi-component copolymer obtained.
- -It preferably contains butadiene and / or isoprene, more preferably consists only of 1,3-butadiene and / or isoprene, and more preferably consists only of 1,3-butadiene.
- the conjugated diene unit in the multi-component copolymer of the present invention preferably contains 1,3-butadiene units and / or isoprene units, and consists only of 1,3-butadiene units and / or isoprene units. More preferably, it is more preferably composed of only 1,3-butadiene units.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is characterized in that the cis-1,4 bond content in the entire conjugated diene unit is 50% or more. If the cis-1,4 bond content in the entire conjugated diene unit is 50% or more, the glass transition temperature becomes low. Therefore, the crack growth resistance and resistance of a rubber composition or a tire using the resulting multi-component copolymer are reduced. Durability including wear and the like can be effectively improved.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention preferably has a cis-1,4 bond content in the entire conjugated diene unit of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and 90% or more. More preferably it is.
- such a multi-component copolymer having a high cis-1,4 bond content in the whole conjugated diene unit is obtained by using a conjugated diene compound, a non-conjugated olefin compound, and an aromatic vinyl compound as monomers.
- the content of vinyl bonds (1, 2, vinyl bonds, 3,4 vinyl bonds, etc.) in the whole conjugated diene unit is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and more preferably 10% or less. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 6% or less.
- the trans-1,4 bond content in the whole conjugated diene unit is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and still more preferably 10% or less.
- the non-conjugated olefin unit in the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is usually a unit derived from a non-conjugated olefin compound as a monomer, and the non-conjugated olefin compound has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably there is.
- specific examples of such non-conjugated olefin compounds include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene, vinyl pivalate, and 1-phenylthio.
- Examples include ethene or heteroatom-substituted alkene compounds such as N-vinylpyrrolidone.
- the non-conjugated olefin compound may be a single kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- the non-conjugated olefin compound as the monomer of the multi-component copolymer of the present invention further reduces the crystallinity of the resulting multi-component copolymer, such as a rubber composition and a tire using the multi-component copolymer.
- the acyclic non-conjugated olefin compound is preferably an acyclic olefin compound, more preferably an ⁇ -olefin, and an ⁇ -olefin containing ethylene. More preferably, it is particularly preferable that it consists only of ethylene.
- the non-conjugated olefin unit in the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is preferably an acyclic non-conjugated olefin unit, and the non-cyclic non-conjugated olefin unit is an ⁇ -olefin unit. More preferably, it is more preferably an ⁇ -olefin unit containing an ethylene unit, and even more preferably only an ethylene unit.
- the aromatic vinyl unit in the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is usually a unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound as a monomer, and the aromatic vinyl compound has 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably there is.
- aromatic vinyl compounds include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, o, p-dimethylstyrene, o-ethylstyrene, m-ethylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, and the like.
- the aromatic vinyl compound may be a single type or a combination of two or more types.
- the aromatic vinyl compound as a monomer of the multi-component copolymer of the present invention further reduces the crystallinity of the resulting multi-component copolymer, such as a rubber composition and a tire using the multi-component copolymer.
- the aromatic vinyl unit in the multi-component copolymer of the present invention preferably contains a styrene unit, and more preferably consists of only a styrene unit.
- the aromatic ring in the aromatic vinyl unit is not included in the main chain of the copolymer unless it is bonded to an adjacent unit.
- the number of monomer types of the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the multi-component copolymer contains a conjugated diene unit, a non-conjugated olefin unit, and an aromatic vinyl unit. .
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention includes, as a monomer, a kind of conjugated diene compound, a kind of non-conjugated olefin compound, and a kind of aromatic A polymer obtained by polymerization using at least a vinyl compound is preferable.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is preferably a multi-component copolymer containing one kind of conjugated diene unit, one kind of non-conjugated olefin unit, and one kind of aromatic vinyl unit.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is more preferably a terpolymer comprising only one kind of conjugated diene unit, one kind of non-conjugated olefin unit, and one kind of aromatic vinyl unit.
- a terpolymer comprising only a butadiene unit, an ethylene unit, and a styrene unit is more preferable.
- a kind of conjugated diene unit includes conjugated diene units of different bonding modes.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention has a melting point (T m ) of the conjugated diene compound used in the multi-component copolymer, and the non-conjugated olefin compound and aromatic vinyl compound used in the multi-component copolymer. It is preferably lower than the melting point (T m ) of the binary copolymer obtained by polymerizing any one kind. More specifically, the multi-component copolymer of the present invention preferably has a melting point (T m ) of 100 ° C. or less, more preferably 80 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably 50 ° C. or less. preferable.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention preferably has its melting point (T m ) disappeared.
- T m melting point
- the crystallinity was reduced only by newly adding a non-conjugated olefin compound or an aromatic vinyl compound as a monomer.
- the advantages of the present invention characterized by polymerization using an olefin compound and an aromatic vinyl compound can be further enjoyed. That is, in such a case, a rubber composition or a tire using such a multi-component copolymer can be produced with high workability, and the durability and weather resistance of the rubber composition or tire can be improved. Can be expensive.
- the copolymer mentioned above has several melting
- the content of the conjugated diene unit is preferably 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably 5 to 95 mol%, and particularly preferably 10 to 90 mol%. If the content of the conjugated diene unit is 1 mol% or more, the multi-component copolymer can behave uniformly as an elastomer and can provide higher durability. On the other hand, if it is 99 mol% or less, it is non-conjugated. The effect of using the olefin compound and the aromatic vinyl compound can be sufficiently obtained.
- the total content of non-conjugated olefin units and aromatic vinyl units is preferably 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably 5 to 95 mol%, and more preferably 10 to 90 mol%. % Is particularly preferred. If the total content of the non-conjugated olefin unit and the aromatic vinyl unit is 1 mol% or more, the weather resistance of the multi-component copolymer is sufficiently high, while if it is 99 mol% or less, a conjugated diene compound is used. This effect can be sufficiently obtained.
- a unit or aromatic derived from a non-conjugated olefin compound is generally used.
- the content of the unit derived from the group vinyl compound is 50 mol% or more, that is, when the content of the unit derived from the conjugated diene compound is 50 mol% or less, sufficient physical properties as an elastomer are lost.
- the crystallinity can be kept low by using the conjugated olefin compound and the aromatic vinyl compound, the physical properties of the elastomer can be ensured even when the total content of the non-conjugated olefin unit and the aromatic vinyl unit is 90 mol%, for example. it can.
- the ratio of one unit in the whole non-conjugated olefin unit and aromatic vinyl unit is preferably 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably 3 to 97 mol%. It is particularly preferably 10 to 90 mol%.
- the crystallinity can be effectively reduced by containing at least 1 mol% of the two types of units described above.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention may contain any unit other than the conjugated diene unit, the non-conjugated olefin unit and the aromatic vinyl unit described above.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention has a content of any unit other than the conjugated diene unit, the non-conjugated olefin unit and the aromatic vinyl unit of 0 mol%. Is more preferable.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention preferably has a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 to 10,000,000, more preferably 100,000 to 9,000,000, and 150 000 to 8,000,000 is particularly preferable.
- Mw polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight
- the Mw of the multi-component copolymer is 10,000 or more, the mechanical strength as a rubber product material can be sufficiently secured, and when the Mw is 10,000,000 or less, it is high. Workability can be maintained.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention preferably has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) represented by a ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10.0 or less, It is more preferably 9.0 or less, and particularly preferably 8.0 or less.
- Mw / Mn molecular weight distribution
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the above-mentioned weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene as a standard substance.
- the chain structure of the multi-component copolymer of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- A is a conjugated diene unit
- B is a non-conjugated olefin unit
- C is an aromatic vinyl unit.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention may have a structure in which conjugated diene units, non-conjugated olefin units, and aromatic vinyl units are linearly linked (linear structure), or conjugated diene units, non-conjugated olefins.
- a structure (branched structure) in which at least one of the unit and the aromatic vinyl unit forms a branched chain and is chained may be used.
- the branched chain may be binary or multi-component (that is, the branched chain is a conjugated diene unit, a non-conjugated olefin unit, and an aromatic vinyl.
- a multi-component copolymer having a branched structure having a binary or multi-component branched chain is conventionally formed of one type of unit in which a main chain and a side chain are different. It can be clearly distinguished from the type of graft copolymer.
- An example of the method for producing a multi-component copolymer of the present invention is based on the premise that a conjugated diene compound, a non-conjugated olefin compound, and an aromatic vinyl compound are used as monomers, and includes at least a polymerization step. Furthermore, a coupling step, a cleaning step, and other steps can be appropriately included as necessary.
- the multi-component copolymer of the present invention it is preferable to add only a non-conjugated olefin compound and an aromatic vinyl compound and polymerize them in the presence of a catalyst without adding a conjugated diene compound.
- a catalyst without adding a conjugated diene compound.
- the conjugated diene compound is more reactive than the non-conjugated olefin compound and the aromatic vinyl compound, the non-conjugated olefin compound and / or Alternatively, it is difficult to polymerize the aromatic vinyl compound.
- any method such as a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a liquid phase bulk polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method, and a solid phase polymerization method can be used.
- a solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is inert in the polymerization reaction, and examples thereof include toluene, cyclohexane, and normal hexane.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas, preferably nitrogen gas or argon gas.
- the polymerization temperature of the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of ⁇ 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., for example, and can be about room temperature. When the polymerization temperature is raised, the cis-1,4 selectivity of the polymerization reaction may be lowered.
- the pressure for the polymerization reaction is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 MPa in order to sufficiently incorporate the conjugated diene compound into the polymerization reaction system.
- the reaction time of the above polymerization reaction is not particularly limited and is preferably in the range of, for example, 1 second to 10 days, but can be appropriately selected depending on conditions such as the type of catalyst and polymerization temperature.
- the polymerization may be stopped using a polymerization terminator such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol.
- the polymerization step of the non-conjugated olefin compound, the aromatic vinyl compound, and the conjugated diene compound is performed by the following first polymerization catalyst composition, second polymerization catalyst composition, or third polymerization catalyst composition. It is preferable to include a step of polymerizing various monomers in the presence.
- the first polymerization catalyst composition (hereinafter also referred to as “first polymerization catalyst composition”) will be described.
- the polymerization catalyst composition containing at least one selected from the group consisting of at least one halogen compound (B-3).
- the polymerization catalyst composition further comprises: (C) Component: The following general formula (I): YR 1 a R 2 b R 3 c (I) (In the formula, Y is a metal selected from Group 1, Group 2, Group 12 and Group 13 of the Periodic Table; R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or hydrogen; An atom, R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different from each other, and Y is selected from group 1 of the periodic table A is 1 and b and c are 0, and when Y is a metal selected from Groups 2 and 12 of the Periodic Table, a and b are 1 And when c is 0 and Y is a
- the polymerization catalyst composition contains the aluminoxane (B-2), the polymerization catalyst composition can contain the component (C).
- the first polymerization catalyst composition may contain other components, such as a promoter, contained in a normal rare earth element compound-based polymerization catalyst composition.
- the concentration of the component (A) contained in the first polymerization catalyst composition is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.0001 mol / l.
- the polymerization catalyst composition preferably contains an additive D that can be an anionic ligand.
- the component (A) used in the first polymerization catalyst composition is a rare earth element compound or a reaction product of the rare earth element compound and a Lewis base.
- the reaction of the rare earth element compound and the rare earth element compound with the Lewis base is performed.
- the object does not have a bond between rare earth element and carbon.
- the rare earth element compound and the reactant do not have a rare earth element-carbon bond, the compound is stable and easy to handle.
- the rare earth element compound is a compound containing a rare earth element (M), that is, a lanthanoid element composed of elements having atomic numbers 57 to 71 in the periodic table, or scandium or yttrium.
- the lanthanoid element examples include lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
- the said (A) component may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the rare earth element compound is preferably a divalent or trivalent salt or complex compound of a rare earth metal, and one or more coordinations selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and an organic compound residue. More preferably, the rare earth element compound contains a child.
- reaction product of the rare earth element compound or the rare earth element compound and a Lewis base is represented by the following general formula (II) or (III): M 11 X 11 2 ⁇ L 11 w (II) M 11 X 11 3 ⁇ L 11 w (III)
- M 11 represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium
- X 11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group, a silyl group, an aldehyde residue
- L 11 represents a Lewis base
- w represents 0 to 3.
- the group (ligand) bonded to the rare earth element of the rare earth element compound include a hydrogen atom; a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert- Aliphatic alkoxy groups such as butoxy group; phenoxy group, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy group, 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy group, 2,6-dineopentylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6- Isopropylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group, 2-isopropyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group; thiomethoxy group, thioethoxy group, thiopropoxy group, thio n-butoxy group, thioisobutoxy group, thio an aliphatic thiolate group such as a sec-
- aldehyde residues such as salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthaldehyde; 2′-hydroxyacetophenone, 2′-hydroxybutyrophenone, 2′-hydroxypropiophenone, etc.
- examples of the Lewis base that reacts with the rare earth element compound include tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethylaniline, trimethylphosphine, lithium chloride, neutral olefins, Diolefins and the like.
- the rare earth element compound reacts with a plurality of Lewis bases (in the formulas (II) and (III), when w is 2 or 3), the Lewis base L 11 is the same or different. It may be.
- the rare earth element compound preferably contains a compound represented by the following general formula.
- M- (NQ 1 ) (NQ 2 ) (NQ 3 ) (IV) (In the formula, M is at least one selected from lanthanoid elements, scandium and yttrium, and NQ 1 , NQ 2 and NQ 3 are amide groups, which may be the same or different, provided that M— N bond) That is, the compound represented by the above formula (IV) has three MN bonds. Having three MN bonds has the advantage that the structure is stable because each bond is chemically equivalent and therefore easy to handle.
- examples of the amide group represented by NQ include aliphatic amide groups such as dimethylamide group, diethylamide group, and diisopropylamide group; phenylamide group, 2,6 -Di-tert-butylphenylamide group, 2,6-diisopropylphenylamide group, 2,6-dineventylphenylamide group, 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylphenylamide group, 2-tert-butyl- Arylamido groups such as 6-neobenchylphenylamide group, 2-isopropyl-6-neobenchylphenylamide group, 2,4,6-tert-butylphenylamide group; bistrialkylsilylamides such as bistrimethylsilylamide group Any of the groups may be used, but a bistrimethylsilylamide group is preferred.
- the component (B) used in the first polymerization catalyst composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ionic compound (B-1), an aluminoxane (B-2), and a halogen compound (B-3).
- the total content of the component (B) in the first polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 0.1 to 50 times mol of the component (A).
- the ionic compound represented by (B-1) is composed of a non-coordinating anion and a cation, and reacts with the rare earth element compound which is the component (A) or a reaction product thereof with a Lewis base to become cationic.
- Examples thereof include ionic compounds capable of generating a transition metal compound.
- non-coordinating anion for example, tetraphenyl borate, tetrakis (monofluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (difluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (trifluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis ( Pentafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluoromethylphenyl) borate, tetra (tolyl) borate, tetra (xylyl) borate, (triphenyl, pentafluorophenyl) borate, [tris (pentafluorophenyl), phenyl] borate, tri Decahydride-7,8-dicarbaound decaborate and the like.
- examples of the cation include a carbonium cation, an oxonium cation, an ammonium cation, a phosphonium cation, a cycloheptatrienyl cation, and a ferrocenium cation having a transition metal.
- Specific examples of the carbonium cation include trisubstituted carbonium cations such as triphenylcarbonium cation and tri (substituted phenyl) carbonium cation, and more specifically, as tri (substituted phenyl) carbonyl cation, Examples include tri (methylphenyl) carbonium cation, tri (dimethylphenyl) carbonium cation, and the like.
- ammonium cations include trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation (eg, tri (n-butyl) ammonium cation); N, N-dimethylanilinium N, N-dialkylanilinium cations such as cations, N, N-diethylanilinium cations, N, N-2,4,6-pentamethylanilinium cations; dialkylammonium cations such as diisopropylammonium cations and dicyclohexylammonium cations Is mentioned.
- trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation (eg, tri (n-butyl)
- the phosphonium cation include triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- the ionic compound is preferably a compound selected and combined from the above-mentioned non-coordinating anions and cations, specifically, N, N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylcarbohydrate. Preferred is nitrotetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate.
- these ionic compounds can be used individually by 1 type, or 2 or more types can be mixed and used for them.
- the content of the ionic compound (B-1) in the first polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 times mol and about 1 time mol to the component (A). Is more preferable.
- the aluminoxane represented by the above (B-2) is a compound obtained by bringing an organoaluminum compound and a condensing agent into contact with each other.
- R ′ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and some of the hydrocarbon groups may be substituted with a halogen atom and / or an alkoxy group
- the degree of polymerization of the unit is preferably 5 or more, and more preferably 10 or more.
- R ′ examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and an isobutyl group, and among these, a methyl group is preferable.
- organoaluminum compound used as the raw material for the aluminoxane include trialkylaluminums such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tributylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and mixtures thereof, and trimethylaluminum is particularly preferable.
- an aluminoxane using a mixture of trimethylaluminum and tributylaluminum as a raw material can be preferably used.
- the content of the aluminoxane (B-2) in the first polymerization catalyst composition is such that the element ratio Al / M of the aluminum element Al of the aluminoxane to the rare earth element M constituting the component (A) is about 10 to 1000. It is preferable that
- the halogen compound represented by (B-3) is composed of at least one of a Lewis acid, a complex compound of a metal halide and a Lewis base, and an organic compound containing an active halogen, and is, for example, the component (A).
- a rare earth element compound or a reaction product thereof with a Lewis base By reacting with a rare earth element compound or a reaction product thereof with a Lewis base, a cationic transition metal compound, a halogenated transition metal compound, or a compound in which the transition metal center is deficient in charge can be generated.
- the total content of the halogen compound (B-3) in the first polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 5 times mol with respect to the component (A).
- boron-containing halogen compounds such as B (C 6 F 5 ) 3 and aluminum-containing halogen compounds such as Al (C 6 F 5 ) 3 can be used, as well as group 3 and group in the periodic table.
- a halogen compound containing an element belonging to Group 4, Group 5, Group 6, or Group 8 can also be used.
- aluminum halide or organometallic halide is used.
- chlorine or bromine is preferable.
- the Lewis acid examples include methyl aluminum dibromide, methyl aluminum dichloride, ethyl aluminum dibromide, ethyl aluminum dichloride, butyl aluminum dibromide, butyl aluminum dichloride, dimethyl aluminum bromide, dimethyl aluminum chloride, diethyl aluminum bromide, diethyl Aluminum chloride, dibutylaluminum bromide, dibutylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum sesquibromide, methylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquibromide, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, aluminum tribromide, antimony trichloride, antimony pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride , Pentachloride , Tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride, tungsten hexachloride, etc., among which diethylaluminum chloride,
- the metal halide constituting the complex compound of the above metal halide and Lewis base includes beryllium chloride, beryllium bromide, beryllium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, iodine.
- a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound, a nitrogen compound, an ether compound, an alcohol, and the like are preferable.
- tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, acetylacetone, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, versatic acid, 2 -Ethylhexyl alcohol, 1-decanol, lauryl alcohol are preferred.
- the Lewis base is reacted at a ratio of 0.01 to 30 mol, preferably 0.5 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of the metal halide.
- the reaction product with the Lewis base is used, the metal remaining in the polymer can be reduced.
- organic compound containing the active halogen examples include benzyl chloride.
- the component (C) used in the first polymerization catalyst composition is the above general formula (I): YR 1 a R 2 b R 3 c (I) (In the formula, Y is a metal selected from Group 1, Group 2, Group 12 and Group 13 of the Periodic Table; R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or hydrogen; An atom, R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different from each other, and Y is selected from group 1 of the periodic table A is 1 and b and c are 0, and when Y is a metal selected from Groups 2 and 12 of the Periodic Table, a and b are 1 And c is 0, and when Y is a metal selected from Group 13 of the Periodic Table, a, b and c are 1).
- R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbon groups or hydrogen atoms having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are respectively It is preferable that they are the same or different from each other.
- the organoaluminum compound of the general formula (V) include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-t-butylaluminum, and tripentylaluminum.
- Trihexylaluminum tricyclohexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum
- diethylaluminum hydride di-n-propylaluminum hydride, di-n-butylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, dihexylaluminum hydride, diisohydride hydride
- ethyl aluminum dihydride, n-propyl aluminum Muzi hydride isobutylaluminum dihydride and the like.
- the organoaluminum compound as component (C) described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the organoaluminum compound in the first polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 50 times mol, more preferably about 10 times mol relative to component (A).
- additive D that can be an anionic ligand is preferable because it produces an effect that a copolymer having a higher cis-1,4 bond content can be synthesized in a high yield.
- the additive D is not particularly limited as long as it can be exchanged with the amide group of the component (A), but preferably has any one of an OH group, an NH group, and an SH group.
- compounds having an OH group include aliphatic alcohols and aromatic alcohols. Specifically, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, dibutylhydroxytoluene, alkylated phenol, 4,4′-thiobis- (6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4′-butylidenebis- (6- t-butyl-3-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis- (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis- (4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2, 6-di-t-4-ethylphenol, 1,1,3-tris- (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl) butane, n-octadecyl-3- (4-hydroxy-3, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionate, tetrakis [methylene-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate,
- Examples of those having an NH group include primary amines and secondary amines such as alkylamines and arylamines. Specific examples include dimethylamine, diethylamine, pyrrole, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N, N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, bis (2-diphenylphosphinophenyl) amine and the like.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently —O—C j H 2j + 1 , — (O—C k H 2k —) a —O—C m H 2m + 1 or —C n H 2n + 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is — (O—C k H 2k —) a —O—C m H 2m + 1 , j, m and n are Each independently 0 to 12, k and a each independently 1 to 12, R 4 has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, linear, branched, or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated An alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, a cycloalkylalkylene group, a cycloalkenylalkylene group,
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (VI) include 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, (mercaptomethyl) dimethylethoxysilane, and mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane. Etc.
- W is —NR 8 —, —O— or —CR 9 R 10 —
- R 8 and R 9 are —C p H 2p + 1 and R 10 is —C q H 2q + 1 and p and q are each independently 0 to 20
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently —M—C r H 2r — (where M is —O— Or —CH 2 —, r is 1 to 20, and R 7 is —O—C j H 2j + 1 , — (O—C k H 2k —) a —O—C m.
- H 2m + 1 or —C n H 2n + 1 , j, m and n are each independently 0 to 12, k and a are each independently 1 to 12, and R 4 is carbon A linear, branched, or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, cycloalkylalkylene group, cycloalkenylalkylene group, alkenylene group, cycloalkenyl group Down group, a cycloalkyl alkenylene group, cycloalkenyl alkenylene group, an arylene group or an aralkylene group.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (VII) include 3-mercaptopropyl (ethoxy) -1,3-dioxa-6-methylaza-2-silacyclooctane, 3-mercaptopropyl (ethoxy) -1,3-dioxa Examples include -6-butylaza-2-silacyclo
- an anionic tridentate ligand precursor represented by the following general formula (VIII) can be preferably used.
- E 1 -T 1 -XT 2 -E 2 (VIII) (X represents an anionic electron donating group containing a coordinating atom selected from Group 15 atoms of the Periodic Table; E 1 and E 2 are each independently from Groups 15 and 16 of the Periodic Table; A neutral electron-donating group containing a selected coordinating atom, and T 1 and T 2 are cross-linking groups that cross-link X with E 1 and E 2 , respectively)
- Additive D is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mol, particularly 0.1 to 1.2 mol, relative to 1 mol of the rare earth element compound.
- the addition amount is preferably equal to the rare earth element compound (1.0 mol), but an excessive amount may be added. However, if the addition amount exceeds 1.2 mol, the reagent loss is large, which is not preferable.
- the neutral electron donating groups E 1 and E 2 are groups containing a coordinating atom selected from Groups 15 and 16 of the periodic table. E 1 and E 2 may be the same group or different groups.
- the coordinating atom include nitrogen N, phosphorus P, oxygen O, sulfur S and the like, preferably P.
- the neutral electron donating group E 1 or E 2 is a diarylphosphino group such as a diphenylphosphino group or a ditolylphosphino group.
- a dialkylphosphino group such as a dimethylphosphino group or a diethylphosphino group; an alkylarylphosphino group such as a methylphenylphosphino group is exemplified, and a diarylphosphino group is preferably exemplified.
- the neutral electron donating group E 1 or E 2 is a dialkyl such as dimethylamino group, diethylamino group or bis (trimethylsilyl) amino group.
- Examples include amino groups; diarylamino groups such as diphenylamino groups; alkylarylamino groups such as methylphenyl groups.
- the neutral electron donating group E 1 or E 2 is an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, or a butoxy group; Examples thereof include aryloxy groups such as phenoxy group and 2,6-dimethylphenoxy group.
- the neutral electron donating group E 1 or E 2 is an alkylthio group such as a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, or a butylthio group; Examples thereof include arylthio groups such as phenylthio group and tolylthio group.
- the anionic electron donating group X is a group containing a coordination atom selected from Group 15 of the periodic table.
- the coordination atom is preferably phosphorus P or nitrogen N, more preferably N.
- the bridging groups T 1 and T 2 may be any group capable of bridging X, E 1 and E 2 , and examples thereof include an arylene group which may have a substituent on the aryl ring.
- T 1 and T 2 may be the same group or different groups.
- the arylene group may be a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a pyridylene group, a thienylene group (preferably a phenylene group or a naphthylene group), or the like. Any group may be substituted on the aryl ring of the arylene group.
- substituents examples include alkyl groups such as methyl group and ethyl group; aryl groups such as phenyl group and tolyl group; halogen groups such as fluoro, chloro and bromo; silyl groups such as trimethylsilyl group. More preferred examples of the arylene group include a 1,2-phenylene group.
- the second polymerization catalyst composition (hereinafter also referred to as “second polymerization catalyst composition”) will be described.
- the second polymerization catalyst composition the following general formula (IX): (wherein M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, Cp R each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group, and R a to R f each independently represents an alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium
- Cp R each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group
- X ′ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group.
- a silyl group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms L represents a neutral Lewis base, w represents an integer of 0 to 3, and the following general formula (XI) ):
- M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium
- Cp R ′ represents unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or fluorenyl
- X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group or a thiolate group.
- the second polymerization catalyst composition may further contain other components contained in the polymerization catalyst composition containing a normal metallocene complex, such as a promoter.
- the metallocene complex is a complex compound in which one or more cyclopentadienyl or a derivative thereof is bonded to a central metal, and in particular, one cyclopentadienyl or a derivative thereof bonded to the central metal.
- a certain metallocene complex may be called a half metallocene complex.
- the concentration of the complex contained in the second polymerization catalyst composition is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.0001 mol / L.
- Cp R in the formula is unsubstituted indenyl or substituted indenyl.
- Cp R having an indenyl ring as a basic skeleton can be represented by C 9 H 7-x R x or C 9 H 11-x R x .
- X is an integer of 0 to 7 or 0 to 11.
- each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group or a metalloid group.
- the hydrocarbyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- hydrocarbyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
- metalloid group metalloids include germyl Ge, stannyl Sn, and silyl Si, and the metalloid group preferably has a hydrocarbyl group, and the hydrocarbyl group that the metalloid group has is the same as the above hydrocarbyl group. is there.
- Specific examples of the metalloid group include a trimethylsilyl group.
- substituted indenyl examples include 2-phenylindenyl, 2-methylindenyl and the like.
- two Cp R in general formula (IX) and (X) may mutually be same or different.
- Cp R ′ in the formula is unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or fluorenyl, and among these, unsubstituted or substituted indenyl It is preferable that Cp R ′ having a cyclopentadienyl ring as a basic skeleton is represented by C 5 H 5-x R x .
- X is an integer of 0 to 5.
- each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group or a metalloid group.
- the hydrocarbyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
- examples of metalloid group metalloids include germyl Ge, stannyl Sn, and silyl Si, and the metalloid group preferably has a hydrocarbyl group, and the hydrocarbyl group that the metalloid group has is the same as the above hydrocarbyl group. is there.
- Specific examples of the metalloid group include a trimethylsilyl group.
- Cp R ′ having a cyclopentadienyl ring as a basic skeleton include the following.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- Cp R ′ having the above indenyl ring as a basic skeleton is defined in the same manner as Cp R in the general formula (IX), and preferred examples thereof are also the same.
- Cp R ′ having the fluorenyl ring as a basic skeleton can be represented by C 13 H 9-x R x or C 13 H 17-x R x .
- X is an integer of 0 to 9 or 0 to 17.
- each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group or a metalloid group.
- the hydrocarbyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
- metalloid group metalloids include germyl Ge, stannyl Sn, and silyl Si, and the metalloid group preferably has a hydrocarbyl group, and the hydrocarbyl group that the metalloid group has is the same as the above hydrocarbyl group. is there.
- Specific examples of the metalloid group include a trimethylsilyl group.
- the central metal M in the general formulas (IX), (X) and (XI) is a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium.
- the lanthanoid elements include 15 elements having atomic numbers of 57 to 71, and any of these may be used.
- Preferred examples of the central metal M include samarium Sm, neodymium Nd, praseodymium Pr, gadolinium Gd, cerium Ce, holmium Ho, scandium Sc, and yttrium Y.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (IX) includes a silylamide ligand [—N (SiR 3 ) 2 ].
- the R groups (R a to R f in the general formula (IX)) contained in the silylamide ligand are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom. Further, it is preferable that at least one of R a to R f is a hydrogen atom. By making at least one of R a to R f a hydrogen atom, the synthesis of the catalyst is facilitated, and the bulk around silicon is reduced, so that non-conjugated olefin compounds and aromatic vinyl compounds are introduced. It becomes easy to be done.
- At least one of R a to R c is a hydrogen atom and at least one of R d to R f is a hydrogen atom. Furthermore, a methyl group is preferable as the alkyl group.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (X) contains a silyl ligand [—SiX ′ 3 ].
- X ′ contained in the silyl ligand [—SiX ′ 3 ] is a group defined in the same manner as X in the general formula (XI) described below, and preferred groups are also the same.
- X is a group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group, a silyl group, and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- examples of the alkoxide group include aliphatic alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group; phenoxy group, 2,6-dioxy -Tert-butylphenoxy group, 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy group, 2,6-dineopentylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group, Examples include aryloxide groups such as 2-isopropyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group, and among these, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy group is preferable.
- the thiolate group represented by X includes a thiomethoxy group, a thioethoxy group, a thiopropoxy group, a thio n-butoxy group, a thioisobutoxy group, a thiosec-butoxy group, a thiotert-butoxy group and the like Group thiolate group; thiophenoxy group, 2,6-di-tert-butylthiophenoxy group, 2,6-diisopropylthiophenoxy group, 2,6-dineopentylthiophenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropyl Arylthiolate groups such as thiophenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-thioneopentylphenoxy group, 2-isopropyl-6-thioneopentylphenoxy group, 2,4,6-triisopropylthiophenoxy group, etc. Among these, 2,4,6-triisopropylthiophenoxy group,
- examples of the amide group represented by X include aliphatic amide groups such as dimethylamide group, diethylamide group, and diisopropylamide group; phenylamide group, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenylamide group, 2 , 6-diisopropylphenylamide group, 2,6-dineopentylphenylamide group, 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylphenylamide group, 2-tert-butyl-6-neopentylphenylamide group, 2-isopropyl- Arylamido groups such as 6-neopentylphenylamide group and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylamide group; bistrialkylsilylamide groups such as bistrimethylsilylamide group, among them bistrimethylsilylamide Groups are preferred.
- examples of the silyl group represented by X include trimethylsilyl group, tris (trimethylsilyl) silyl group, bis (trimethylsilyl) methylsilyl group, trimethylsilyl (dimethyl) silyl group, triisopropylsilyl (bistrimethylsilyl) silyl group, and the like.
- a tris (trimethylsilyl) silyl group is preferable.
- the halogen atom represented by X may be any of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, but a chlorine atom or a bromine atom is preferred.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by X include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
- Linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as butyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group; aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl group, tolyl group, naphthyl group; aralkyl groups such as benzyl group, etc.
- Others include hydrocarbon groups containing silicon atoms such as trimethylsilylmethyl group and bistrimethylsilylmethyl group. Among these, methyl group, ethyl group, isobutyl group, trimethylsilylmethyl group and the like are preferable.
- X is preferably a bistrimethylsilylamide group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the non-coordinating anion represented by, for example, a tetravalent boron anion.
- tetravalent boron anion include tetraphenyl borate, tetrakis (monofluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (difluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (trifluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis ( Pentafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluoromethylphenyl) borate, tetra (tolyl) borate, tetra (xylyl) borate, (triphenyl, pentafluorophenyl) borate, [tris (pentafluorophenyl), phenyl] borate, tri Deca
- the metallocene complex represented by the above general formulas (IX) and (X) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the above general formula (XI) may further have 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 1, neutral Lewis Contains base L.
- examples of the neutral Lewis base L include tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethylaniline, trimethylphosphine, lithium chloride, neutral olefins, neutral diolefins, and the like.
- the neutral Lewis bases L may be the same or different.
- metallocene complex represented by the general formulas (IX) and (X) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (XI) may exist as a monomer, and may be a dimer. Or it may exist as a multimer more than that.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (IX) includes, for example, a lanthanide trishalide, scandium trishalide or yttrium trishalide in a solvent, an indenyl salt (for example, potassium salt or lithium salt) and bis (trialkylsilyl). It can be obtained by reacting with an amide salt (for example, potassium salt or lithium salt).
- reaction temperature should just be about room temperature, it can manufacture on mild conditions.
- the reaction time is arbitrary, but is about several hours to several tens of hours.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a solvent that dissolves the raw material and the product. For example, toluene may be used.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (X) includes, for example, a lanthanoid trishalide, scandium trishalide or yttrium trishalide in a solvent, an indenyl salt (for example, potassium salt or lithium salt), and a silyl salt (for example, potassium). Salt or lithium salt).
- reaction temperature should just be about room temperature, it can manufacture on mild conditions.
- the reaction time is arbitrary, but is about several hours to several tens of hours.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a solvent that dissolves the raw material and the product.
- toluene may be used.
- the example of reaction for obtaining the metallocene complex represented by general formula (X) is shown. (In the formula, X ′′ represents a halide.)
- the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (XI) can be obtained, for example, by the following reaction.
- M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, and Cp R ′ independently represents unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or fluorenyl.
- X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group, a silyl group, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- L represents a neutral Lewis base
- w represents 0 to 3 Indicates an integer.
- [A] + [B] ⁇ [A] + represents a cation
- [B] ⁇ represents a non-coordinating anion.
- Examples of the cation represented by [A] + include a carbonium cation, an oxonium cation, an amine cation, a phosphonium cation, a cycloheptatrienyl cation, and a ferrocenium cation having a transition metal.
- Examples of the carbonium cation include trisubstituted carbonium cations such as a triphenylcarbonium cation and a tri (substituted phenyl) carbonium cation.
- the tri (substituted phenyl) carbonyl cation is specifically exemplified by tri (methylphenyl). ) Carbonium cation and the like.
- amine cations include trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation; N, N-dimethylanilinium cation, N, N-diethylanilinium cation, N, N— N, N-dialkylanilinium cations such as 2,4,6-pentamethylanilinium cation; dialkylammonium cations such as diisopropylammonium cation and dicyclohexylammonium cation.
- trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation
- Examples of the phosphonium cation include triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- N, N-dialkylanilinium cation or carbonium cation is preferable, and N, N-dialkylanilinium cation is particularly preferable.
- the ionic compound represented by the general formula [A] + [B] ⁇ used for the above reaction is a compound selected and combined from the above non-coordinating anions and cations, and is an N, N-dimethylaniline. Preference is given to nium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylcarbonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate and the like.
- the ionic compound represented by the general formula [A] + [B] ⁇ is preferably added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 times mol, more preferably about 1 time mol based on the metallocene complex.
- the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (XI) may be provided as it is in the polymerization reaction system, or the compound represented by the general formula (XII) and formula used in the reaction [a] + [B] - provides an ionic compound represented separately into the polymerization reaction system, the general formula in the reaction system (XI You may form the half metallocene cation complex represented by this.
- a half metallocene cation complex represented by (XI) can also be formed.
- the structures of the metallocene complexes represented by the general formulas (IX) and (X) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (XI) are preferably determined by X-ray structural analysis.
- the co-catalyst that can be used in the second polymerization catalyst composition can be arbitrarily selected from components used as a co-catalyst for a polymerization catalyst composition containing a normal metallocene complex.
- suitable examples of the cocatalyst include aluminoxanes, organoaluminum compounds, and the above ionic compounds. These promoters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the aluminoxane is preferably an alkylaminoxan, and examples thereof include methylaluminoxane (MAO) and modified methylaluminoxane. Further, as the modified methylaluminoxane, MMAO-3A (manufactured by Tosoh Finechem) and the like are preferable.
- the content of the aluminoxane in the second polymerization catalyst composition is such that the element ratio Al / M of the aluminum element Al of the aluminoxane to the central metal M of the metallocene complex is about 10 to 1000, preferably about 100. It is preferable to do.
- the organoaluminum compound the general formula AlRR′R ′′ (wherein R and R ′ are each independently a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen atom having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ′′ is a carbon number) 1 to 10 hydrocarbon groups) are preferred.
- the organoaluminum compound include trialkylaluminum, dialkylaluminum chloride, alkylaluminum dichloride, and dialkylaluminum hydride. Among these, trialkylaluminum is preferable.
- the trialkylaluminum include triethylaluminum and triisobutylaluminum.
- the content of the organoaluminum compound in the polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 50 times mol, more preferably about 10 times mol relative to the metallocene complex.
- each of the metallocene complex represented by the general formulas (IX) and (X) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (XI) is used as an appropriate promoter.
- the cis-1,4 bond content and the molecular weight of the resulting polymer can be increased.
- a third polymerization catalyst composition (hereinafter also referred to as “third polymerization catalyst composition”) will be described.
- a 3rd polymerization catalyst composition the following general formula (XIII): R a MX b QY b (XIII)
- each R independently represents unsubstituted or substituted indenyl, the R is coordinated to M, M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, and each X independently represents 1 to 20 represents a hydrocarbon group, X is ⁇ -coordinated to M and Q, Q represents a group 13 element in the periodic table, and Y is independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or
- a polymerization catalyst composition comprising a metallocene composite catalyst represented by the following formula: a hydrogen atom, wherein Y is coordinated to Q, and a and b are 2.
- metallocene composite catalyst In a preferred example of the metallocene composite catalyst, the following general formula (XIV): (wherein M 1 represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, Cp R each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group, and R A and R B each independently have 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R A and R B are ⁇ -coordinated to M 1 and Al, and R C and R D each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.
- Metallocene-based composite catalysts represented by A polymer can be produced by using the metallocene polymerization catalyst.
- the amount of alkylaluminum used during the synthesis of the polymer can be reduced or eliminated.
- a conventional catalyst system it is necessary to use a large amount of alkylaluminum at the time of polymer synthesis.
- the metallocene composite catalyst is used, an excellent catalytic action can be obtained by adding about 5 equivalents of alkylaluminum. Is demonstrated.
- the metal M in the general formula (XIII) is a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium.
- the lanthanoid elements include 15 elements having atomic numbers of 57 to 71, and any of these may be used.
- Preferred examples of the metal M include samarium Sm, neodymium Nd, praseodymium Pr, gadolinium Gd, cerium Ce, holmium Ho, scandium Sc, and yttrium Y.
- each R is independently an unsubstituted indenyl or a substituted indenyl, and the R is coordinated to the metal M.
- substituted indenyl include, for example, 1,2,3-trimethylindenyl group, heptamethylindenyl group, 1,2,4,5,6,7-hexamethylindenyl group, and the like.
- Q represents a group 13 element in the periodic table, and specific examples include boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium and the like.
- each X independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is ⁇ -coordinated to M and Q.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, decyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group.
- the ⁇ coordination is a coordination mode having a crosslinked structure.
- each Y independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and the Y is coordinated to Q.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, decyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group.
- the metal M 1 is a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium.
- the lanthanoid elements include 15 elements having atomic numbers of 57 to 71, and any of these may be used.
- Preferred examples of the metal M 1 include samarium Sm, neodymium Nd, praseodymium Pr, gadolinium Gd, cerium Ce, holmium Ho, scandium Sc, and yttrium Y.
- Cp R is unsubstituted indenyl or substituted indenyl.
- Cp R having an indenyl ring as a basic skeleton can be represented by C 9 H 7X R X or C 9 H 11X R X.
- X is an integer of 0 to 7 or 0 to 11.
- each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group or a metalloid group.
- the hydrocarbyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the hydrocarbyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
- examples of metalloid group metalloids include germyl Ge, stannyl Sn, and silyl Si, and the metalloid group preferably has a hydrocarbyl group, and the hydrocarbyl group that the metalloid group has is the same as the above hydrocarbyl group. is there.
- Specific examples of the metalloid group include a trimethylsilyl group.
- Specific examples of the substituted indenyl include 2-phenylindenyl, 2-methylindenyl and the like. Note that the two Cp R 's in formula (XIV) may be the same or different from each other.
- R A and R B each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R A and R B are ⁇ -coordinated to M 1 and Al.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, decyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group.
- the ⁇ coordination is a coordination mode having a crosslinked structure.
- R C and R D are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, decyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group.
- the metallocene composite catalyst is, for example, in a solvent, represented by the following general formula (XV):
- M 2 represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium
- Cp R independently represents unsubstituted or substituted indenyl
- R E to R J each independently represents 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- L is a neutral Lewis base
- w is, the metallocene complex represented by an integer of 0-3)
- an organoaluminum compound represented by AlR K R L R M It is obtained by reacting with.
- reaction temperature should just be about room temperature, it can manufacture on mild conditions.
- the reaction time is arbitrary, but is about several hours to several tens of hours.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a solvent that dissolves the raw material and the product.
- a solvent that dissolves the raw material and the product For example, toluene or hexane may be used.
- the structure of the metallocene composite catalyst is preferably determined by 1 H-NMR or X-ray structural analysis.
- Cp R is unsubstituted indenyl or substituted indenyl, and has the same meaning as Cp R in the general formula (XIV).
- the metal M 2 is a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, and has the same meaning as the metal M 1 in the above formula (XIV).
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (XV) includes a silylamide ligand [—N (SiR 3 ) 2 ].
- the R groups (R E to R J groups) contained in the silylamide ligand are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom. Further, at least one of R E to R J is preferably a hydrogen atom. By making at least one of R E to R J a hydrogen atom, the catalyst can be easily synthesized. Furthermore, a methyl group is preferable as the alkyl group.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (XV) further contains 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 1 neutral Lewis base L.
- the neutral Lewis base L include tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethylaniline, trimethylphosphine, lithium chloride, neutral olefins, neutral diolefins, and the like.
- the neutral Lewis bases L may be the same or different.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (XV) may exist as a monomer, or may exist as a dimer or a higher multimer.
- the organoaluminum compound used to produce the metallocene composite catalyst is represented by AlR K R L R M , where R K and R L are each independently a monovalent carbon atom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R M represents a hydrogen group or a hydrogen atom and is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that R M may be the same as or different from R K or R L described above.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, decyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group , Pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, stearyl group and the like.
- organoaluminum compound examples include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-t-butylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, tri Hexyl aluminum, tricyclohexyl aluminum, trioctyl aluminum; diethyl aluminum hydride, di-n-propyl aluminum hydride, di-n-butyl aluminum hydride, diisobutyl aluminum hydride, dihexyl aluminum hydride, diisohexyl aluminum hydride , Dioctylaluminum hydride, diisooctylaluminum hydride; ethylaluminum dihydride, n-propylaluminum Muzi hydride, isobutylaluminum dihydride and the like.
- triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, hydrogenated diethylaluminum, hydrogenated diisobutylaluminum are preferred.
- these organoaluminum compounds can be used individually by 1 type, or 2 or more types can be mixed and used for them.
- the amount of the organoaluminum compound used for the production of the metallocene composite catalyst is preferably 1 to 50 times mol, more preferably about 10 times mol relative to the metallocene complex.
- the third polymerization catalyst composition may include the metallocene composite catalyst and a boron anion, and further, other components contained in the polymerization catalyst composition including a normal metallocene catalyst, such as a promoter. It is preferable to contain.
- the metallocene composite catalyst and boron anion are also referred to as a two-component catalyst. According to the third polymerization catalyst composition, since the boron anion is further contained in the same manner as the metallocene composite catalyst, the content of each monomer component in the polymer can be arbitrarily controlled. It becomes.
- boron anion constituting the two-component catalyst in the third polymerization catalyst composition include a tetravalent boron anion.
- tetraphenylborate tetrakis (monofluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (difluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (trifluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluoromethyl) Phenyl) borate, tetra (tolyl) borate, tetra (xylyl) borate, (triphenyl, pentafluorophenyl) borate, [tris (pentafluorophenyl), phenyl] borate, tridecahydride-7,8-dicarboundecaborate Among
- the boron anion can be used as an ionic compound combined with a cation.
- the cation include a carbonium cation, an oxonium cation, an amine cation, a phosphonium cation, a cycloheptatrienyl cation, and a ferrocenium cation having a transition metal.
- the carbonium cation include trisubstituted carbonium cations such as a triphenylcarbonium cation and a tri (substituted phenyl) carbonium cation.
- the tri (substituted phenyl) carbonyl cation is specifically exemplified by tri (methylphenyl).
- amine cations include trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation; N, N-dimethylanilinium cation, N, N-diethylanilinium cation, N, N— N, N-dialkylanilinium cations such as 2,4,6-pentamethylanilinium cation; dialkylammonium cations such as diisopropylammonium cation and dicyclohexylammonium cation.
- Examples of the phosphonium cation include triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- N, N-dialkylanilinium cation or carbonium cation is preferable, and N, N-dialkylanilinium cation is particularly preferable. Therefore, as the ionic compound, N, N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylcarbonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate and the like are preferable.
- the ionic compound composed of a boron anion and a cation is preferably added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 times mol, more preferably about 1 time mol based on the metallocene composite catalyst.
- the metallocene composite catalyst of the general formula (XIV) can be synthesized. Can not. Therefore, for the preparation of the third polymerization catalyst composition, it is necessary to synthesize the metallocene composite catalyst in advance, isolate and purify the metallocene composite catalyst, and then combine with the boron anion.
- aluminoxane can be preferably used.
- the aluminoxane is preferably an alkylaminoxan, and examples thereof include methylaluminoxane (MAO) and modified methylaluminoxane. Further, as the modified methylaluminoxane, MMAO-3A (manufactured by Tosoh Finechem) and the like are preferable. These aluminoxanes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the coupling step is a step of performing a reaction (coupling reaction) for modifying at least a part (for example, a terminal) of the polymer chain of the multi-component copolymer obtained in the polymerization step.
- the coupling reaction is preferably performed when the polymerization reaction reaches 100%.
- the coupling agent used in the coupling reaction is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
- a tin-containing compound such as bis (-1-octadecyl maleate) dioctyl tin (IV);
- examples include isocyanate compounds such as 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; alkoxysilane compounds such as glycidylpropyltrimethoxysilane, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- bis (-1-octadecyl maleate) dioctyltin (IV) is preferable from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency and low gel formation.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) can be increased by performing a coupling reaction.
- the washing step is a step of washing the multi-component copolymer obtained in the polymerization step.
- the medium used for washing is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and the like.
- a catalyst derived from a Lewis acid is used as a polymerization catalyst.
- the amount of the acid to be added is preferably 15 mol% or less with respect to the solvent. Above this, the acid remains in the copolymer, which may adversely affect the reaction during kneading and vulcanization.
- the amount of catalyst residue in the copolymer can be suitably reduced.
- the rubber composition of the present invention contains at least the multi-component copolymer of the present invention, and may further contain a filler, a crosslinking agent, and other components as necessary.
- the other rubber components are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- examples thereof include rubber (EPM), ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene rubber (EPDM), polysulfide rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, and urethane rubber. These may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for them.
- a filler can be used in the rubber composition as necessary for the purpose of improving the reinforcing property.
- the blending amount of the filler is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component. 30 to 60 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- the blending amount of the filler is 10 parts by mass or more, an effect of improving the reinforcing property by blending the filler can be obtained, and when the blending amount is 100 mass or less, a significant reduction in low loss can be achieved. While avoiding, good workability can be maintained.
- the filler is not particularly limited, and carbon black, silica, aluminum hydroxide, clay, alumina, talc, mica, kaolin, glass balloon, glass beads, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide. , Titanium oxide, potassium titanate, barium sulfate and the like. Among these, carbon black is preferably used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carbon black there is no restriction
- the carbon black has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA) of 20 m 2 / g or more, durability of the resulting rubber composition is improved, sufficient crack growth resistance is obtained, and 100 m 2 is obtained. By being / g or less, good workability can be maintained while avoiding a significant decrease in low loss.
- N 2 SA nitrogen adsorption specific surface area
- a crosslinking agent can be used as necessary.
- a sulfur type crosslinking agent an organic peroxide type crosslinking agent, an inorganic crosslinking agent, a polyamine crosslinking agent, a resin crosslinking agent, sulfur Compound-based crosslinking agents, oxime-nitrosamine-based crosslinking agents and the like can be mentioned.
- a sulfur type crosslinking agent vulcanizing agent
- vulcanizing agent is more preferable among these.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If the content of the cross-linking agent is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the cross-linking may hardly proceed. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 20 parts by mass, cross-linking proceeds during kneading with some cross-linking agents. There is a tendency, and physical properties of the vulcanizate may be impaired.
- a vulcanization accelerator When using the vulcanizing agent, a vulcanization accelerator can be used in combination.
- the vulcanization accelerator include guanidine, aldehyde-amine, aldehyde-ammonia, thiazole, sulfenamide, thiourea, thiuram, dithiocarbamate, and xanthate compounds.
- the rubber composition of the present invention if necessary, softener, vulcanization aid, colorant, flame retardant, lubricant, foaming agent, plasticizer, processing aid, antioxidant, anti-aging agent, Known materials such as a scorch inhibitor, an ultraviolet light inhibitor, an antistatic agent, an anti-coloring agent, and other compounding agents can be used depending on the purpose of use.
- a crosslinked rubber composition can be obtained by crosslinking the rubber composition of the present invention.
- the crosslinking conditions are not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However, the temperature is preferably 120 to 200 ° C., and the heating time is preferably 1 minute to 900 minutes. Since such a crosslinked rubber composition uses a conjugated diene compound as one of the monomers of the rubber component, compared to the case where a polymer having a non-conjugated diene compound such as EPDM as one of the monomers is used. Good cross-linking properties and therefore higher mechanical properties.
- the tire of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the rubber composition of the present invention is used, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Since such a tire uses the rubber composition containing the multi-component copolymer of the present invention, it can be produced with high workability and has high durability and weather resistance.
- the application site of the rubber composition of the present invention in a tire is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include tread, base tread, sidewall, side reinforcing rubber, and bead filler. . Among these, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of durability to use the rubber composition of the present invention for a tread.
- a method for manufacturing the tire a conventional method can be used.
- a tire molding drum members normally used for manufacturing tires such as a carcass layer, a belt layer, a tread layer and the like made of an unvulcanized rubber composition and / or a cord are sequentially laminated, and the drum is removed and a green tire is removed. To do. Then, a desired tire (for example, a pneumatic tire) can be manufactured by heating and vulcanizing the green tire according to a conventional method.
- a desired tire for example, a pneumatic tire
- the rubber composition of the present invention can be used for a vibration-proof rubber, a seismic isolation rubber, a belt such as a conveyor belt, a rubber crawler, various hoses, etc. in addition to a tire application.
- a catalyst solution is taken out from the glove box, and a catalyst solution in an amount of 35 ⁇ mol in terms of gadolinium is added to a 2 L stainless steel reactor containing a monomer solution, and then 150 g (2.78 mol) of 1,3-butadiene as a conjugated diene compound. 600 g of a monomer solution containing was introduced, and polymerization was carried out at 80 ° C. for 240 minutes under pressure introduction of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound (1.5 MPa).
- the catalyst solution is taken out from the glove box, and after adding a catalyst solution in an amount of 35 ⁇ mol in terms of gadolinium to the monomer solution, 240 at 80 ° C. under pressure introduction of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound (0.2 MPa). Polymerization was performed for a minute. After the polymerization, the reaction was stopped by adding 1 ml of an isopropanol solution containing 5% by mass of 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5). The polymer was separated and vacuum dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a multi-component copolymer D. The yield of the obtained copolymer D was 158 g.
- the catalyst solution is taken out from the glove box, an amount of 35 ⁇ mol in terms of gadolinium is added to the stainless steel reactor, and under pressure introduction of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound (1.5 MPa) at 80 ° C. for 120 minutes, Polymerization was performed. After the polymerization, 5 ml of 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol) (NS-5) 5% by mass isopropanol solution was added to stop the reaction, and a copolymer with a large amount of methanol was added. Was separated and vacuum dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a multi-component copolymer E. The yield of the obtained copolymer E was 176 g.
- Copolymer G A binary copolymer G was obtained by polymerization in the same manner as in the copolymer B polymerization method except that the toluene solution containing styrene was not added to the 2 L stainless steel reactor. The yield of the obtained copolymer G was 155 g.
- the catalyst solution is taken out from the glove box, and the whole amount is added to a 2 L stainless steel reactor containing the monomer solution, and then 640 g of a monomer solution containing 150 g (2.78 mol) of 1,3-butadiene as a conjugated diene compound is introduced.
- Polymerization was performed at 80 ° C. for 300 minutes under pressure introduction of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound (1.5 MPa).
- the reaction was stopped by adding 1 ml of an isopropanol solution containing 5% by mass of 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5).
- the polymer was separated and vacuum dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a multi-component copolymer H.
- the yield of the obtained copolymer H was 167 g.
- the catalyst solution is taken out from the glove box, and the whole amount is added to a 2 L stainless steel reactor containing the monomer solution, and then 640 g of a monomer solution containing 150 g (2.78 mol) of 1,3-butadiene as a conjugated diene compound is introduced.
- Polymerization was performed at 80 ° C. for 300 minutes under pressure introduction of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound (1.5 MPa).
- the reaction was stopped by adding 1 ml of an isopropanol solution containing 5% by mass of 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5).
- the polymer was separated and vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a multi-component copolymer I.
- the yield of copolymer I obtained was 240 g.
- the catalyst solution is taken out from the glove box, and the whole amount is added to a 2 L stainless steel reactor containing the monomer solution, and then 400 g of a monomer solution containing 100 g (1.85 mol) of 1,3-butadiene as a conjugated diene compound is introduced.
- Polymerization was performed at 80 ° C. for 300 minutes under pressure introduction of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound (1.5 MPa).
- the reaction was stopped by adding 1 ml of an isopropanol solution containing 5% by mass of 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5).
- the polymer was separated and vacuum-dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a multi-component copolymer J.
- the yield of the obtained copolymer J was 89 g.
- the catalyst solution is taken out from the glove box, and the whole amount is added to a 2 L stainless steel reactor containing the monomer solution, and then 640 g of a monomer solution containing 150 g (2.78 mol) of 1,3-butadiene as a conjugated diene compound is introduced.
- Polymerization was carried out at 80 ° C. for 300 minutes under pressure introduction (0.5 MPa) of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound.
- the reaction was stopped by adding 1 ml of an isopropanol solution containing 5% by mass of 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5).
- the polymer was separated and vacuum dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a multi-component copolymer L.
- the yield of the obtained copolymer L was 146g.
- Polymerization was carried out at 70 ° C. for 300 minutes under pressure introduction (1.5 MPa) of ethylene as a non-conjugated olefin compound. After the polymerization, the reaction was stopped by adding 1 ml of an isopropanol solution containing 5% by mass of 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (NS-5). The polymer was separated and vacuum dried at 60 ° C. to obtain a multi-component copolymer M. The yield of the obtained copolymer M was 130 g.
- Weight average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) Gel permeation chromatography [GPC: Tosoh HLC-8121GPC / HT, column: Tosoh GMH HR -H (S) HT ⁇ 2, detector: differential refractometer (RI)], based on monodisperse polystyrene
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) in terms of polystyrene of the copolymers A to N were determined.
- the measurement temperature is 40 ° C.
- 13 C-NMR spectrum charts of the copolymer A (in the range of 0 to 150 ppm and in the range of 10 to 50 ppm).
- 13 C-NMR tetrachloroethane was used as a solvent, and the measurement temperature was 100 ° C.
- this 13 C-NMR spectrum chart since no peak is observed at 10 to 24 ppm, it can be seen that the main chain of the copolymer A is composed only of an acyclic structure. Similarly, no peak was observed at 10 to 24 ppm for the copolymers B to N.
- the copolymers of Examples 1 to 11 contain conjugated diene units, non-conjugated olefin units, and aromatic vinyl units, and cis-1,4 bonds in the whole conjugated diene units.
- the content is found to be 50% or more, and it can be said that both high durability and weather resistance are compatible due to these units. Further, it was found that the copolymers of Examples 1 to 11 had a lower melting point than the binary copolymers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, or the melting point disappeared, so that the crystallinity was low. Workability at the time of manufacturing objects and tires can be improved.
- the copolymer of Comparative Example 3 produced using two kinds of monomers contains a conjugated diene unit, a non-conjugated olefin unit, and an aromatic vinyl unit, but has a cis-1,4 bond content. Is less than 50%, and the durability of the rubber composition, tire, etc. cannot be sufficiently improved.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a polymer having low crystallinity as well as improving the durability and weather resistance of rubber compositions and rubber products such as tires. Moreover, according to this invention, while being able to manufacture with high workability
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Abstract
Description
ここで、本明細書において、「共役ジエン単位」とは、共重合体における、共役ジエン化合物に由来する単位に相当する単位を指し、「非共役オレフィン単位」とは、共重合体における、非共役オレフィン化合物に由来する単位に相当する単位を指し、「芳香族ビニル単位」とは、共重合体における、芳香族ビニル化合物に由来する単位に相当する単位を指す。
また、本明細書において、「共役ジエン化合物」とは、共役系のジエン化合物を指し、「非共役オレフィン化合物」とは、脂肪族不飽和炭化水素で、炭素-炭素二重結合を1個以上有する非共役系の化合物を指し、「芳香族ビニル化合物」とは、少なくともビニル基で置換された芳香族化合物を指し、且つ、共役ジエン化合物には含まれないものとする。
更に、本明細書において、「主鎖」とは、共重合体における、各単位の結合末端を結んでなる長鎖部分を指し、共重合体の連鎖構造によっては、直鎖状であってもよく、分枝鎖状であってもよいものである。即ち、「主鎖」は、共重合体を構成する各単位における、隣接する単位とは結合しない分岐部分を含まない。
そして、本明細書において、「多元共重合体」とは、3種類以上の単量体を重合してなる共重合体を指す。
本発明の多元共重合体は、共役ジエン単位と、非共役オレフィン単位と、芳香族ビニル単位とを含有する多元共重合体であって、主鎖が非環状構造のみからなることを大きな特徴の一つとする。本発明者らは、共役ジエン化合物と、非共役オレフィン化合物と、芳香族ビニル化合物とを重合してなる上記の多元共重合体と、共役ジエン化合物及び非共役オレフィン化合物を重合してなる二元共重合体との比較を行ったところ、共役ジエン化合物に由来する単位で構成される部分の鎖長は、両者に大きな差異が見られない一方で、非共役オレフィン化合物に由来する単位で構成される部分の鎖長は、上述した二元共重合体よりも多元共重合体の方が短くなることを見出した。同様に、上記の多元共重合体と、共役ジエン化合物及び芳香族ビニル化合物を重合してなる多元共重合体との比較を行ったところ、共役ジエン化合物に由来する単位で構成される部分の鎖長は、両者に大きな差異が見られない一方で、芳香族ビニル化合物に由来する単位で構成される部分の鎖長は、上述した二元共重合体よりも多元共重合体の方が短くなることを見出した。そして、本発明者らは、これらの事実に基づき、該多元共重合体の結晶性が、上述した二元共重合体と比して有意に低くなり得ることを見出し、本発明に至った。このように、本発明の多元共重合体は、共役ジエン単位と、非共役オレフィン単位及び芳香族ビニル単位とを含有するため高い耐久性及び耐候性が両立し、また、非共役オレフィン単位及び芳香族ビニル単位を含有するため、結晶性が低い。そのため、本発明の多元共重合体は、ゴム組成物やゴム製品等の製造に好適に用いることができ、ゴム組成物やゴム製品等を製造する際の作業性を良好にすることができる。
また、本発明の多元共重合体は、単量体として、共役ジエン化合物と非共役オレフィン化合物及び芳香族ビニル化合物とを用いて製造され得るものであるため、共役ジエン化合物由来の高い耐久性と、非共役オレフィン化合物及び芳香族ビニル化合物が介在して二重結合の割合が低減することによる高い耐候性とを有することができる。
更に、本発明の多元共重合体は、以下にその製造方法を記述する通り、一の反応容器で行う合成、即ちワンポット合成が可能であり、簡略化されたプロセスによる製造が可能である。
そして、本発明の多元共重合体は、主鎖が非環状構造のみからなり、ブタジエン由来の1,4-結合が高シス構造を有することから、耐亀裂性が向上するという利点を有する。なお、共重合体の主鎖が環状構造を有するか否かの確認には、NMRが主要な測定手段として用いられる。具体的には、主鎖に存在する環状構造に由来するピーク(例えば、三員環~五員環については、10~24ppmに現れるピーク)が観測されない場合、その共重合体の主鎖は、非環状構造のみからなることを示す。
一方、前記共役ジエン単位全体におけるビニル結合(1,2ビニル結合、3,4ビニル結合など)含量は、30%以下であることが好ましく、15%以下であることがより好ましく、10%以下であることが更に好ましく、6%以下であることが特に好ましい。また、前記共役ジエン単位全体におけるトランス-1,4結合含量は、30%以下であることが好ましく、15%以下であることがより好ましく、10%以下であることが更に好ましい。
なお、芳香族ビニル単位における芳香族環は、隣接する単位と結合しない限り、共重合体の主鎖には含まれない。
なお、上述した共重合体が複数の融点を有する場合においては、それらのうち最も高い融点を用いて上記の対比を行うものとする。
また、本発明の多元共重合体は、非共役オレフィン単位と芳香族ビニル単位との総含有量が1~99mol%であるのが好ましく、5~95mol%であるのがより好ましく、10~90mol%であるのが特に好ましい。非共役オレフィン単位と芳香族ビニル単位との総含有量が1mol%以上であれば、多元共重合体の耐候性が十分に高くなり、一方、99mol%以下であれば、共役ジエン化合物を用いたことの効果を十分に得ることができる。また、従来の二元共重合体(共役ジエン化合物と非共役オレフィン化合物との重合体、及び共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物との重合体)においては、一般に非共役オレフィン化合物由来の単位又は芳香族ビニル化合物由来の単位の含有量が50mol%以上、即ち、共役ジエン化合物由来の単位の含有量が50mol%以下であると、エラストマーとしての十分な物性が失われるところ、本発明においては、非共役オレフィン化合物及び芳香族ビニル化合物を用いることで結晶性を低く抑えられるため、非共役オレフィン単位と芳香族ビニル単位との総含有量が例えば90mol%であっても、エラストマー物性を確保することができる。
更に、本発明の多元共重合体においては、非共役オレフィン単位及び芳香族ビニル単位全体における、一方の単位の割合が1~99mol%であるのが好ましく、3~97mol%であるのがより好ましく、10~90mol%であるのが特に好ましい。このように、上述した2種類の単位がそれぞれ少なくとも1mol%含有されていることにより、効果的に結晶性を低減することができる。
更に、本発明の多元共重合体は、重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)との比で表される分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が、10.0以下であることが好ましく、9.0以下であることがより好ましく、8.0以下であることが特に好ましい。前記多元共重合体の分子量分布が10.0以下であることにより、前記多元共重合体の物性に十分な均質性をもたらすことができる。
なお、上述した重量平均分子量及び分子量分布は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により、ポリスチレンを標準物質として求める。
また、本発明の多元共重合体は、共役ジエン単位、非共役オレフィン単位、及び芳香族ビニル単位が直線的に連鎖した構造(直線構造)であってもよいし、共役ジエン単位、非共役オレフィン単位、及び芳香族ビニル単位の少なくともいずれかが分岐鎖を形成して連鎖した構造(分岐構造)であってもよい。なお、本発明の多元共重合体が分岐構造である場合には、分岐鎖も二元又は多元とすることができる(即ち、分岐鎖が、共役ジエン単位、非共役オレフィン単位、及び芳香族ビニル単位のうちの少なくとも2つを含むことができる)。よって、本発明の多元共重合体の中でも、二元又は多元の分岐鎖を有する分岐構造である多元共重合体は、幹となる鎖と側鎖とが異なる1種類の単位で形成される従来型のグラフト共重合体と明確に区別することができる。
次に、本発明の多元共重合体の製造方法の例を詳細に説明する。本発明の多元共重合体の製造方法の一例は、共役ジエン化合物と、非共役オレフィン化合物と、芳香族ビニル化合物とを単量体として用いることを前提とするものであり、少なくとも重合工程を含み、更に、必要に応じ、カップリング工程、洗浄工程、その他の工程を適宜含むことができる。ここで、本発明の多元共重合体の製造においては、触媒存在下で、共役ジエン化合物を添加せずに非共役オレフィン化合物及び芳香族ビニル化合物のみを添加し、これらを重合させることが好ましい。特に後述の重合触媒組成物を使用する場合には、非共役オレフィン化合物及び芳香族ビニル化合物より共役ジエン化合物の方が反応性が高いことから、共役ジエン化合物の存在下で非共役オレフィン化合物及び/又は芳香族ビニル化合物を重合させることが困難となりやすい。また、先に共役ジエン化合物を重合させ、後に非共役オレフィン化合物及び芳香族ビニル化合物を付加的に重合させることも、触媒の特性上困難となりやすい。
第一の重合触媒組成物(以下、「第一重合触媒組成物」ともいう)について説明する。
第一重合触媒組成物としては、
(A)成分:希土類元素化合物又は該希土類元素化合物とルイス塩基との反応物であって、希土類元素と炭素との結合を有さない、該希土類元素化合物又は反応物と、
(B)成分:非配位性アニオンとカチオンとからなるイオン性化合物(B-1)、アルミノキサン(B-2)、並びに、ルイス酸、金属ハロゲン化物とルイス塩基との錯化合物及び活性ハロゲンを含む有機化合物のうち少なくとも一種のハロゲン化合物(B-3)よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種と、を含む重合触媒組成物が挙げられる。
第一重合触媒組成物が、イオン性化合物(B-1)及びハロゲン化合物(B-3)の少なくとも一種を含む場合、該重合触媒組成物は、更に、
(C)成分:下記一般式(I):
YR1 aR2 bR3 c ・・・ (I)
(式中、Yは、周期律表第1族、第2族、第12族及び第13族から選択される金属であり、R1及びR2は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は水素原子であり、R3は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、R1、R2、R3はそれぞれ互いに同一又は異なっていてもよく、また、Yが周期律表第1族から選択される金属である場合には、aは1で且つb及びcは0であり、Yが周期律表第2族及び第12族から選択される金属である場合には、a及びbは1で且つcは0であり、Yが周期律表第13族から選択される金属である場合には、a,b及びcは1である)で表される有機金属化合物を含む。
なお、重合反応系において、第一重合触媒組成物に含まれる(A)成分の濃度は0.1~0.0001mol/lの範囲であることが好ましい。
更に、該重合触媒組成物は、アニオン性配位子となり得る添加剤Dを含有することが好ましい。
なお、ランタノイド元素の具体例としては、ランタン、セリウム、プラセオジム、ネオジム、プロメチウム、サマリウム、ユウロピウム、ガドリニウム、テルビウム、ジスプロシウム、ホルミウム、エルビウム、ツリウム、イッテルビウム、ルテチウムを挙げることができる。なお、上記(A)成分は、一種単独で用いてもよいし、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
M11X11 2・L11w ・・・ (II)
M11X11 3・L11w ・・・ (III)
(それぞれの式中、M11は、ランタノイド元素、スカンジウム又はイットリウムを示し、X11は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシド基、チオラート基、アミド基、シリル基、アルデヒド残基、ケトン残基、カルボン酸残基、チオカルボン酸残基又はリン化合物残基を示し、L11は、ルイス塩基を示し、wは、0~3を示す)で表されることができる。
M-(NQ1)(NQ2)(NQ3) ・・・(IV)
(式中、Mはランタノイド元素、スカンジウム、イットリウムから選択される少なくとも一種であり、NQ1、NQ2及びNQ3はアミド基であり、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、ただし、M-N結合を有する)
即ち、上記式(IV)で表される化合物は、M-N結合を3つ有することを特徴とする。M-N結合を3つ有することにより、各結合が化学的に等価となるため構造が安定的であり、それゆえに取り扱いが容易である、という利点を有する。
YR1 aR2 bR3 c ・・・ (I)
(式中、Yは、周期律表第1族、第2族、第12族及び第13族から選択される金属であり、R1及びR2は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は水素原子であり、R3は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、R1、R2、R3はそれぞれ互いに同一又は異なっていてもよく、また、Yが周期律表第1族から選択される金属である場合には、aは1で且つb及びcは0であり、Yが周期律表第2族及び第12族から選択される金属である場合には、a及びbは1で且つcは0であり、Yが周期律表第13族から選択される金属である場合には、a,b及びcは1である)で表される有機金属化合物であり、下記一般式(V):
AlR1R2R3 ・・・ (V)
(式中、R1及びR2は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は水素原子であり、R3は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、R1、R2、R3はそれぞれ互いに同一又は異なっていてもよい)で表される有機アルミニウム化合物であることが好ましい。一般式(V)の有機アルミニウム化合物としては、トリメチルアルミニウム、トリエチルアルミニウム、トリ-n-プロピルアルミニウム、トリイソプロピルアルミニウム、トリ-n-ブチルアルミニウム、トリイソブチルアルミニウム、トリ-t-ブチルアルミニウム、トリペンチルアルミニウム、トリヘキシルアルミニウム、トリシクロヘキシルアルミニウム、トリオクチルアルミニウム;水素化ジエチルアルミニウム、水素化ジ-n-プロピルアルミニウム、水素化ジ-n-ブチルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウム、水素化ジヘキシルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソヘキシルアルミニウム、水素化ジオクチルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソオクチルアルミニウム;エチルアルミニウムジハイドライド、n-プロピルアルミニウムジハイドライド、イソブチルアルミニウムジハイドライド等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、トリエチルアルミニウム、トリイソブチルアルミニウム、水素化ジエチルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウムが好ましい。以上に述べた(C)成分としての有機アルミニウム化合物は、1種単独で使用することも、2種以上を混合して用いることもできる。なお、上記第一重合触媒組成物における有機アルミニウム化合物の含有量は、(A)成分に対して1~50倍molであることが好ましく、約10倍molであることが更に好ましい。
上記添加剤Dとしては、(A)成分のアミド基と交換可能なものであれば特に限定されないが、OH基、NH基、SH基のいずれかを有することが好ましい。
一般式(VI)で示されるものの具体例として、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、(メルカプトメチル)ジメチルエトキシシラン、メルカプトメチルトリメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
一般式(VII)で示されるものの具体例として、3-メルカプトプロピル(エトキシ)-1,3-ジオキサ-6-メチルアザ-2-シラシクロオクタン、3-メルカプトプロピル(エトキシ)-1,3-ジオキサ-6-ブチルアザ-2-シラシクロオクタン、3-メルカプトプロピル(エトキシ)-1,3-ジオキサ-6-ドデシルアザ-2-シラシクロオクタンなどが挙げられる。
E1-T1-X-T2-E2 ・・・(VIII)
(Xは、周期律表第15族原子から選択される配位原子を含むアニオン性電子供与基を示し、E1及びE2はそれぞれ独立して、周期律表第15族及び16族原子から選択される配位原子を含む中性電子供与基を示し、T1及びT2はそれぞれ、XとE1及びE2を架橋する架橋基を示す)
前記アリーレン基は、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基、ピリジレン基、チエニレン基(好ましくはフェニレン基、ナフチレン基)などであり得る。また、前記アリーレン基のアリール環上には任意の基が置換されていてもよい。該置換基としてはメチル基、エチル基などのアルキル基;フェニル基、トリル基などのアリール基;フルオロ、クロロ、ブロモなどのハロゲン基;トリメチルシリル基などのシリル基などが例示される。
前記アリーレン基として、更に好ましくは1,2-フェニレン基が例示される。
次に、第二の重合触媒組成物(以下、「第二重合触媒組成物」ともいう)について説明する。第二重合触媒組成物としては、下記一般式(IX):
なお、重合反応系において、第二重合触媒組成物に含まれる錯体の濃度は0.1~0.0001mol/Lの範囲であることが好ましい。
一般式(XI)において、上記インデニル環を基本骨格とするCpR'は、一般式(IX)のCpRと同様に定義され、好ましい例も同様である。
上記一般式(X)で表されるメタロセン錯体は、例えば、溶媒中でランタノイドトリスハライド、スカンジウムトリスハライド又はイットリウムトリスハライドを、インデニルの塩(例えばカリウム塩やリチウム塩)及びシリルの塩(例えばカリウム塩やリチウム塩)と反応させることで得ることができる。なお、反応温度は室温程度にすればよいので、温和な条件で製造することができる。また、反応時間は任意であるが、数時間~数十時間程度である。反応溶媒は特に限定されないが、原料及び生成物を溶解する溶媒であることが好ましく、例えばトルエンを用いればよい。以下に、一般式(X)で表されるメタロセン錯体を得るための反応例を示す。
次に、第三の重合触媒組成物(以下、「第三重合触媒組成物」ともいう)について説明する。
第三の重合触媒組成物としては、希土類元素含有化合物として、下記一般式(XIII):
RaMXbQYb・・・(XIII)
(式中、Rはそれぞれ独立して無置換もしくは置換インデニルを示し、該RはMに配位しており、Mはランタノイド元素、スカンジウム又はイットリウムを示し、Xはそれぞれ独立して炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を示し、該XはM及びQにμ配位しており、Qは周期律表第13族元素を示し、Yはそれぞれ独立して炭素数1~20の炭化水素基又は水素原子を示し、該YはQに配位しており、a及びbは2である)で表されるメタロセン系複合触媒を含む重合触媒組成物が挙げられる。
上記メタロセン系重合触媒を用いることで、重合体を製造することができる。また、上記メタロセン系複合触媒、例えば予めアルミニウム触媒と複合させてなる触媒を用いることで、重合体合成時に使用されるアルキルアルミニウムの量を低減したり、無くしたりすることが可能となる。なお、従来の触媒系を用いると、重合体合成時に大量のアルキルアルミニウムを用いる必要がある。例えば、従来の触媒系では、金属触媒に対して10当量以上のアルキルアルミニウムを用いる必要があるところ、上記メタロセン系複合触媒であれば、5当量程度のアルキルアルミニウムを加えることで、優れた触媒作用が発揮される。
置換インデニルとして、具体的には、2-フェニルインデニル、2-メチルインデニル等が挙げられる。なお、式(XIV)における二つのCpRは、それぞれ互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
カップリング工程は、前記重合工程において得られた多元共重合体の高分子鎖の少なくとも一部(例えば、末端)を変性する反応(カップリング反応)を行う工程である。
前記カップリング工程において、重合反応が100%に達した際にカップリング反応を行うことが好ましい。
前記カップリング反応に用いるカップリング剤としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、ビス(マレイン酸-1-オクタデシル)ジオクチルスズ(IV)等のスズ含有化合物;4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート等のイソシアネート化合物;グリシジルプロピルトリメトキシシラン等のアルコキシシラン化合物、などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
これらの中でも、ビス(マレイン酸-1-オクタデシル)ジオクチルスズ(IV)が、反応効率と低ゲル生成の点で、好ましい。
なお、カップリング反応を行うことにより、数平均分子量(Mn)の増加を行うことができる。
洗浄工程は、前記重合工程において得られた多元共重合体を洗浄する工程である。なお、洗浄に用いる媒体としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールなどが挙げられるが、重合触媒としてルイス酸由来の触媒を使用する際は、特にこれらの溶媒に対して酸(たとえば塩酸、硫酸、硝酸)を加えて使用することができる。添加する酸の量は溶媒に対して15mol%以下が好ましい。これ以上では酸が共重合体中に残存してしまうことで混練及び加硫時の反応に悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
この洗浄工程により、共重合体中の触媒残渣量を好適に低下させることができる。
本発明のゴム組成物は、少なくとも本発明の多元共重合体を含み、更に必要に応じて、充填剤、架橋剤、その他の成分を含むことができる。
また、前記カーボンブラックの窒素吸着比表面積(N2SA、JIS K 6217-2:2001に準拠して測定する)としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、20~100m2/gが好ましく、35~80m2/gがより好ましい。前記カーボンブラックの窒素吸着比表面積(N2SA)が20m2/g以上であることにより、得られるゴム組成物の耐久性が向上し、十分な耐亀裂成長性が得られ、また、100m2/g以下であることにより、低ロス性の大幅な低下を回避しつつ、良好な作業性を保持することができる。
また、本発明のゴム組成物を架橋することにより、架橋ゴム組成物を得ることができる。前記架橋の条件としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、温度120~200℃、加温時間1分間~900分間とすることが好ましい。かかる架橋ゴム組成物は、ゴム成分の単量体の一つとして共役ジエン化合物を用いているため、EPDMのような非共役ジエン化合物を単量体の一つとする重合体を用いた場合に比べ、架橋特性が良好であり、従って機械特性がより高い。
本発明のタイヤは、本発明のゴム組成物を用いたものである限り、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。かかるタイヤは、本発明の多元共重合体を含むゴム組成物を用いているため、高い作業性をもって製造することができる上、耐久性及び耐候性が高い。タイヤにおける本発明のゴム組成物の適用部位としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、トレッド、ベーストレッド、サイドウォール、サイド補強ゴム及びビードフィラーなどが挙げられる。これらの中でも、本発明のゴム組成物をトレッドに用いることが、耐久性の観点で有利である。
前記タイヤを製造する方法としては、慣用の方法を用いることができる。例えば、タイヤ成形用ドラム上に未加硫ゴム組成物及び/又はコードからなるカーカス層、ベルト層、トレッド層等の通常タイヤ製造に用いられる部材を順次貼り重ね、ドラムを抜き去ってグリーンタイヤとする。次いで、このグリーンタイヤを常法に従って加熱加硫することにより、所望のタイヤ(例えば、空気入りタイヤ)を製造することができる。
本発明のゴム組成物は、タイヤ用途以外にも、防振ゴム、免震ゴム、コンベアベルト等のベルト、ゴムクローラ、各種ホースなどに用いることができる。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン50g(0.48mol)を含むトルエン溶液(モノマー溶液)200gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(2-フェニル-3-メチルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-Ph-3-MeC9H5)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]38.5μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]42.3μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド2.31mmolを仕込み、トルエン10mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で35μmolとなる量の触媒溶液を、モノマー溶液を含む2Lステンレス反応器へ添加後、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン150g(2.78mol)を含むモノマー溶液600gを導入し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(1.5MPa)で、80℃で240分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、70℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Aを得た。得られた共重合体Aの収量は201gであった。
ビス(2-フェニル-3-メチルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-Ph-3-MeC9H5)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライドの仕込み量をそれぞれ115.5μmol、127.1μmol、0.92mmolに変更した以外は、上記共重合体Aの製造手順と同様にして、多元共重合体Bを得た。得られた共重合体Bの収量は189gであった。
共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエンの仕込み量を50g(0.93mol)に、ジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライドの仕込み量を3.00mmolに変更した以外は、上記共重合体Bの製造手順と同様にして、多元共重合体Cを得た。得られた共重合体Cの収量は146gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン100g(0.48mol)を含むトルエン溶液(モノマー溶液)200g及び共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン150g(2.78mol)を含むモノマー溶液600gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(1-メチル-2-フェニルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(1-Me-2-PhC9H5)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]38.5μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]42.3μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド2.31mmolを仕込み、トルエン10mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で35μmolとなる量の触媒溶液をモノマー溶液へ添加後、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(0.2MPa)で、80℃で240分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Dを得た。得られた共重合体Dの収量は158gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン50g(0.48mol)を含むトルエン溶液200g、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン150g(2.78mol)を含むモノマー溶液600gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(2-フェニル-3-メチルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-Ph-3-MeC9H5)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]38.5μmol、ジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド2.31mmolを仕込み、トルエン40mLに溶解させた後、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]42.3mmolを添加した。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で 35μmolとなる量をステンレス反応器に添加し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(1.5MPa)で、80℃で120分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2'-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液5mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量のメタノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Eを得た。得られた共重合体Eの収量は176gであった。
スチレンを含むトルエン溶液を2Lステンレス反応器に添加しなかったこと以外は、上記共重合体Aの製造手順と同様にして、二元共重合体Fを得た。得られた共重合体Fの収量は164gであった。
スチレンを含むトルエン溶液を2Lステンレス反応器に添加しなかったこと以外は上記共重合体Bの重合方法と同様にして重合し、二元共重合体Gを得た。得られた共重合体Gの収量は155gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン15g(0.14mol)を含むシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー溶液)300gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器に1,3-ビス(t-ブチルジメチルシリル)インデニルガドリニウムビス(ビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド)[{(t-Bu)Me2Si}2C9H5Gd(N(SiHMe2)2)2]32μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]35μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド3.15mmolを仕込み、シクロヘキサン20mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、全量を、モノマー溶液を含む2Lステンレス反応器へ添加後、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン150g(2.78mol)を含むモノマー溶液640gを導入し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(1.5MPa)で、80℃で300分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Hを得た。得られた共重合体Hの収量は167gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン80g(0.76mol)を含むシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー溶液)280gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器に1,3-ビス(t-ブチルジメチルシリル)インデニルガドリニウムビス(ビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド)[{(t-Bu)Me2Si}2C9H5Gd(N(SiHMe2)2)2]190μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]209μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド3.24mmolを仕込み、シクロヘキサン70mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、全量を、モノマー溶液を含む2Lステンレス反応器へ添加後、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン150g(2.78mol)を含むモノマー溶液640gを導入し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(1.5MPa)で、80℃で300分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Iを得た。得られた共重合体Iの収量は240gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン5g(0.05mol)を含むシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー溶液)200gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器に1,3-ビス(t-ブチルジメチルシリル)インデニルガドリニウムビス(ビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド)[{(t-Bu)Me2Si}2C9H5Gd(N(SiHMe2)2)2]64μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]70μmol、ジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド2.45mmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムクロリド64μmolを仕込み、シクロヘキサン20mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、全量を、モノマー溶液を含む2Lステンレス反応器へ添加後、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン100g(1.85mol)を含むモノマー溶液400gを導入し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(1.5MPa)で、80℃で300分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Jを得た。得られた共重合体Jの収量は89gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン5g(0.05mol)を含むシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー溶液)200gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル)スカンジウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(Me5C5)2ScN(SiHMe2)2]260μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]270μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド2.45mmolを仕込み、シクロヘキサン20mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、全量を、モノマー溶液を含む2Lステンレス反応器へ添加後、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン100g(1.85mol)を含むモノマー溶液300gを導入し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(1.5MPa)で、80℃で300分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Kを得た。得られた共重合体Kの収量は39gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン2g(0.02mol)を含むシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー溶液)300gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器に1,3-ビス(t-ブチルジメチルシリル)インデニルガドリニウムビス(ビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド)[{(t-Bu)Me2Si}2C9H5Gd(N(SiHMe2)2)2]32μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]35μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド3.15mmolを仕込み、シクロヘキサン20mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、全量を、モノマー溶液を含む2Lステンレス反応器へ添加後、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン150g(2.78mol)を含むモノマー溶液640gを導入し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(0.5MPa)で、80℃で300分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Lを得た。得られた共重合体Lの収量は146gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン80g(0.77mol)を含むシクロヘキサン溶液(モノマー溶液)400gを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器に1,3-ビス(t-ブチルジメチルシリル)インデニルガドリニウムビス(ビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド)[{(t-Bu)Me2Si}2C9H5Gd(N(SiHMe2)2)2]105μmol、トリチルテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Ph3CB(C6F5)4]116μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド5.16mmolを仕込み、シクロヘキサン50mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、全量を、モノマー溶液を含む2Lステンレス反応器へ添加後、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン10g(0.19mol)を含むモノマー溶液50gを導入し、非共役オレフィン化合物としてのエチレンの加圧導入下(1.5MPa)で、70℃で300分間、重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量の2-プロパノールで共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、多元共重合体Mを得た。得られた共重合体Mの収量は130gであった。
窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、十分に乾燥した1L耐圧ガラス製容器に、芳香族ビニル化合物としてのスチレン104g(1mol)及びトルエン50gを添加し、容器を打栓した。その後、グローブボックスから容器を取り出し、共役ジエン化合物としての1,3-ブタジエン54g(1mol)を仕込み、モノマー溶液とした。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器に、ビス(2-フェニル-3-メチルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-Ph-3-MeC9H5)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]60μmol、トリチルテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Ph3CB(C6F5)4]60μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド700μmolを仕込み、トルエン10mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、モノマー溶液を添加し、70℃で30分間重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液5mlを加えて反応を停止させ、更に大量のメタノール/塩酸混合溶媒で共重合体を分離し、60℃で真空乾燥し、高シス含有率のスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体を得た。得られた共重合体の収量は29.6gであった。
次いで、予め別容器で調製したナフテン酸ニッケル:トリエチルアルミニウム:ブタジエン=1:3:3(モル比)の触媒液を、得られた共重合体中の1,3-ブタジエン単位1000molに対しニッケル1molとなるよう仕込んだ。その後、反応系内に水素を圧力30atmで導入し、80℃で反応させ、共重合体Nを得た。得られた共重合体Nの収量は21.3gであった。
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー[GPC:東ソー製HLC-8121GPC/HT、カラム:東ソー製GMHHR-H(S)HT×2本、検出器:示差屈折率計(RI)]で単分散ポリスチレンを基準として、共重合体A~Nのポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を求めた。なお、測定温度は40℃である。
共重合体A~Nのミクロ構造を、1H-NMRスペクトル(1,2ビニル結合の結合含量)及び13C-NMRスペクトル(シス-1,4結合とトランス-1,4結合の含量比)の積分比等により求めた。表1,2には、共役ジエン単位全体におけるシス-1,4結合含量(%)、トランス-1,4結合含量(%)、及び1,2ビニル結合含量(%)、共役ジエン単位の含有量(mol%)、非共役オレフィン単位の含有量(mol%)、及び芳香族ビニル単位の含有量(mol%)、並びにエチレン単位とスチレン単位との比率を示す。
示差走査熱量計(DSC、ティー・エイ・インスツルメント・ジャパン社製、「DSCQ2000」)を用い、JIS K 7121-1987に準拠して、共重合体A~Nの融点を測定した。かかる温度が低いほど、結晶性が低いことを示し、また、融点が検出されない場合には、非晶性であることを示す。なお、融点が検出されない場合は、表1,2において「なし」と記載した。また、複数の融点を有する場合においては、それらのうち最も高い融点を評価対象とし、その値を表1,2に記載した。
また、実施例1~11の共重合体は、比較例1,2の二元共重合体に比べ、融点が低く、或いは融点が消失しているため、結晶性が低いことが分かり、ゴム組成物やタイヤ等の製造時における作業性を高めることができる。
なお、2種類の単量体を用いて製造した比較例3の共重合体は、共役ジエン単位と、非共役オレフィン単位と、芳香族ビニル単位とを含有するものの、シス-1,4結合含量が50%未満であることが分かり、ゴム組成物やタイヤ等の耐久性を十分に向上させることができない。
Claims (11)
- 共役ジエン単位と、非共役オレフィン単位と、芳香族ビニル単位とを含有する多元共重合体であって、主鎖が非環状構造のみからなり、且つ、前記共役ジエン単位全体におけるシス-1,4結合含量が50%以上である、多元共重合体。
- 前記非共役オレフィン単位が、非環状の非共役オレフィン単位である、請求項1に記載の多元共重合体。
- 前記非環状の非共役オレフィン単位が、エチレン単位のみからなる、請求項2に記載の多元共重合体。
- 最も高い融点(Tm)が100℃以下であるか、又は融点(Tm)が消失している、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の多元共重合体。
- 前記芳香族ビニル単位が、スチレン単位を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の多元共重合体。
- 前記共役ジエン単位が、1,3-ブタジエン単位及び/又はイソプレン単位を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の多元共重合体。
- 前記共役ジエン単位が、1,3-ブタジエン単位のみからなる、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の多元共重合体。
- 前記共役ジエン単位の含有量が1~99mol%であり、前記非共役オレフィン単位と前記芳香族ビニル単位との総含有量が1~99mol%である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の多元共重合体。
- 1,3-ブタジエン単位、エチレン単位、及びスチレン単位のみからなる三元共重合体である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の多元共重合体。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の多元共重合体を含むことを特徴とする、ゴム組成物。
- 請求項10に記載のゴム組成物を用いたことを特徴とする、タイヤ。
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| WO2022038953A1 (ja) | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-24 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | フィルム、積層体、フィルムの製造方法、タイヤ、及びタイヤの製造方法 |
| JPWO2022038953A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-24 | ||
| JP2022093142A (ja) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-23 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 変性共重合体、ゴム組成物、樹脂組成物、タイヤ及び樹脂物品 |
| JP7568498B2 (ja) | 2020-12-11 | 2024-10-16 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 変性共重合体、ゴム組成物、樹脂組成物、タイヤ及び樹脂物品 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106459310B (zh) | 2019-07-05 |
| JP2020045500A (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
| CN106459310A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
| US10030092B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
| JP6947801B2 (ja) | 2021-10-13 |
| EP3156429B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
| EP3156429A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| US20170137552A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
| JPWO2015190072A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
| RU2647594C1 (ru) | 2018-03-16 |
| JP6657082B2 (ja) | 2020-03-04 |
| EP3156429A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
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