WO2015176904A1 - Inductor and method for heating a geological formation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an inductor (1) for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit (100) of a hydrocarbon-containing substance, such as an oil sands deposit, oil shale deposit, or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular in order to extract the hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit (100). The inductor (1) comprises at least one conductor (2), wherein the conductor (2) has at least one interruption point (4), wherein a rounded-off conductive body (40) is attached at least at an end region (6) of the conductor (2) at the interruption point (4). In particular, a bundle of wires can be interrupted and connected by means of the rounded-off conductive body (40). The invention further relates to an operating method and to a production method for the inductor.

Description

description

Inductor and method for heating a geological formation

For the in-situ production of hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation, for example for the promotion of heavy oils, heavy oils or bitumen from oil sands or oil shale, it is necessary for the largest possible flow capacity of the pumped hydrocarbons to Errei ^¬ chen. One way is to improve in its promotion the flowability of hydrocarbon ^¬ substances that increase the temperature prevailing in the deposit.

An applied method for increasing the temperature of the deposit is inductive heating by means of an inductor, which is introduced into the deposit (ie into the soil). By means of the inductor are in electrically conductive deposits (also called reservoir) through which forms electromagnetic fields induce eddy currents which heat the deposit, so that there is consequently a IMPROVE ^¬ tion of the flowability of the present in the reservoir hydrocarbons. Eddy currents are thereby insbeson ^¬ particular, indu ^¬ sheet in the pore water of the deposit, by having dissolved therein salts electrical conductivity. The heat transfer from the water to the hydrocarbon takes place by heat conduction.

In order to achieve a sufficient heat to the required temperature increase in the vicinity of the inductor, typically large AC amperages of some 100 A are necessary because the reservoir surrounding the inductor is usually only slightly electrically conductive. Operation of the inductor with a high alternating current strength results in a high in ^¬ duktive voltage drop along the inductor, wherein the in ^¬ ductive voltage drop may be on the order of a few 100 kV. Such high voltages can only be achieved difficult to handle practically, so that it is expedient to compensate for them.

A compensation of the inductive voltage drop is, as described in the patent DE 10 2007 040 605, ^{¬ ¬} example by series-connected capacitors ^¬ light (reactive power compensation). In the solution presented there, the current-carrying conductor of the inductor to form the capacitors are interrupted and thus have a variety of interruption points on.

In the series connection of capacitors may be disadvantageous that the interruption point can form weak points of Induk ^¬ sector. At the points of interruption, for example, partial discharges could occur in the event of a fault. Due to the inaccessibility of a deeply introduced into the deposit inductor are particularly high demands on the reliability of the inductor to make. In particular, a continuous and maintenance-free operation over ten to twenty years is desired. In case of failure of a condenser ^¬ sators of the inductor due to the series connection of the capacitors, the entire inductor would be inoperable and would have to be replaced. The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to improve the reliability of an inductor.

The object is achieved by an inductor having the features of independent claim 1 and by an operating method having the features of independent claim 14, and by a manufacturing method having the features of independent claim 15. In the dependent patent claims advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are given.

The invention relates to an inductor for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbon-containing substance, for example a Oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposits, by means elekt ^¬ romagnetischer induction, particularly for the recovery of carbon-lenwasserstoffhaltigen substance from the deposit comprising at least one conductor, wherein the conductor comprises at least egg ^¬ ne point of interruption, characterized in that at least at one end region of the Ladder at the point of interruption a rounded conductive body is applied.

Preferably, both end portions of an interrupted conductor at the point of interruption are as described above be formed ^¬.

Under the invention applying a rounded conductive body from contacting the rounded ^¬ conductive body with the end portion conductor is understood in particular. In this case, the rounded conductive body is a se ^¬ parates element. It is not merely a Ver ^¬ deformation of the end portion of the conductor.

The inductor is a conductor. The conductor is preferably made cable-like from a plurality of electrically insulated individual wires. It can with repeated attachment of interruption points on the inductor according to the invention an electrical series resonant circuit are obtained, the design is preferably such that a resonant frequency in the range of about 10 kHz to 200 kHz is obtained, which also represents the preferred Be ^¬ drive frequency of the inductor , The inductor is driven as ^¬ at preferably via a generator, which is operated at least ^¬ with said frequency range.

The point of interruption according to the invention is used to form capacitively acting conductor sections (in the sense of condensers ^¬ ren). This is done by the capacitive coupling of adjacent conductor groups over a defined conductor length - for example 10 to 50m - for reactive power compensation. The capacities are preferably used as a series circuit arranged. In a series circuit would be inoperable in case of failure of a capacitor in dependence on the error case, the COM ^¬ plete inductor. This problem is inventively reduced by the fact that a partial discharge strength of insulated individual wire ends is increased against adjacent continuous wires and the opposite end of the wire.

A further advantage of the invention that sharp cantonal th, otherwise to a field strength magnification (magnification of the electric field strength) at the interruption point füh ^¬ ren would be avoided by means of the inventive design. Advantageously, by avoiding field strength peaks, the location over the duration of continu- ous operation of the inductor to destruction of the insulating layer at the interrupt, and consequently can lead to a failure of the inductor, the reliable ^¬ ness of the inductor further improved. An embodiment of the invention is directed to vorzu ^¬ see each individual wire - a wire - which is preferably isolated individually, with such a point of interruption. Each wire preferably has such break points at repeating intervals. This embodiment is advantageous if a wire for an inductor is prepared in a first step and only then, together with a sequence of interruption points is stranded with other wires. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a bundle of wires, wherein the wires are preferably indivi ^¬ duel isolated, spot provided with a such interruption. At a position in the inductor, all the wires in a bundle are broken, not just a wire. The break points are made over the length of the inductor at repeated intervals. This embodiment is advantageous if already fully stranded cable without interruption exists under ^¬ filters and to achieve an inductor In a subsequent step, a post-processing of a bundle of wires on the cable is repeated at certain points.

In one embodiment of the invention, the rounded conductive body may comprise a hemispherical surface or a continuously curved collar-shaped surface.

In a further embodiment, the conductor can be made up of a plurality, preferably individually - i. individually insulated wires. Wire ends of the end portion of the conductor may be connected to the rounded conductive body by means of compression and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive bonding.

Furthermore, the conductor may consist of a single wire. A variety of conductors can form the inductor.

Furthermore, the rounded conductive body may be formed at one end as a sleeve. The end portion of the conductor may be inserted into the sleeve.

In particular, the sleeve may have a blind hole or passage ^¬ bore, in which the end portion of the conductor is inserted into the sleeve.

Preferably, a mechanical connection between the sleeve and the end region of the conductor by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive adhesion can take place.

In one embodiment, a further rounded conductive body may be applied to a further end region of the conductor at the interruption parts. An insulating spacer may be positioned between the rounded conductive body and the further rounded conductive body. Furthermore, the insulating spacer may include a surface portion configured such that the upper ^¬ surface portion of the insulating spacer is mechanically and preferably positively connected to a surface portion of the rounded conductive body.

Furthermore, the insulating spacer may be configured and may engage surface shapes of the insulating spacer so in surface shape of the rounded guiding body and in the surface forming the further rounded conductive body that the rounded lei ^¬ tend body and the other rounded conductive bodies to one another without offset and in fixed at a predetermined distance.

Preferably, a mechanical connection between the rounded conductive body and the insulating spacer by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or gluing done.

Furthermore, the rounded conductive body and the far ^¬ rounded rounded conductive body and the insulating spacer ^¬ holder may be inserted into a hollow cylindrical further sleeve, wherein the further sleeve is formed as an insulator or as leitfähi ^¬ ge sleeve.

Wires of another conductor can be guided by the material of the formed as an insulator further sleeve.

Preferably, the wires of another conductor with the Ma ^¬ TERIAL of the conductive shell can be conductively connected.

The inductor may further comprise at least two conductor bundles, wherein a first of the two conductor bundles may comprise at least the first conductor and a second conductor and a second of the two conductor bundles may comprise at least a third conductor and a fourth conductor, wherein a first hollow cylindrical sleeve with a second hollow cylindrical Sleeve is integrally formed such that a Mantelkör ^¬ are united together by a first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a jacket body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve for a portion. It thus creates a sleeve which corresponds in cross section to the shape of the number 8.

In addition, the inductor may comprise at least three conductor bundles. A first of the three conductor bundles may comprise at least the first conductor and a second conductor. A second of the three conductor bundles may comprise at least a third conductor and a fourth conductor. A third of the three conductor bundles may comprise at least a fifth conductor and a sixth conductor. A first hollow cylindrical sleeve may be formed in one piece with a second hollow cylindrical sleeve and with a third hollow cylindrical sleeve such that:

 - A jacket body of the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a jacket body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve for a first portion are united together, and

 - The sheath body of the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a sheath body of the third hollow cylindrical sleeve for a second portion are united together, and

 - The sheath body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve and the sheath body of the third hollow cylindrical sleeve for a third section are united together.

This results in a particularly compact sleeve ^¬ element of three hollow cylinders.

In one embodiment of the invention, the point of interruption of the conductor and at the point of interruption to closing ^¬ conductor sections and provided at the point of interruption components may be enclosed by a sleeve.

Preferably, the inductor can be formed as a multifilament conductor. In particular, the conductor may form a conductor or a wire of the multifilament conductor. When a plurality of conductors, each having a interrup ^¬ monitoring site comprise, the respective interrupt ^¬ provide the circuit have a mutual offset along a longitudinal extension of the inductor have.

Preferably, the conductors may form an interlaced and / or stranded structure extending along the length of the inductor.

The invention further relates to an operating method for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, in ^¬ example, an oil sands, oil shale or Schweröllagerstät ^¬ te, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the deposit, in which a arranged in the geological formation inductor with at least one conductor is controlled such that forms an electromagnetic field in the geological ^¬ rule formation, wherein the conductor has at least one point of interruption, wherein at least at an end region of the conductor at the point of interruption a abge ^¬ rounded conductive body is applied.

Preferably, the conductor can be energized with alternating current, preferably with a frequency in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz.

Through the formation of the hemispherical ends advantageously sharp edges or corners that may arise in the Her ^¬ position of the interruption point, for example by the severing of the conductor are compensated with a cutting tool. The partial discharge resistance at the point of interruption of the conductor is further verbes sert ^¬. This is because the hemispherical flat and / or smooth configuration of the end prevents field strength peaks, such as occur with edged shapes. Preferably, both ends of the interruption point are configured hemispherical. An embodiment of the end region in which the radii of curvature are greater than or equal to a radius of the cross section (cross-sectional radius) of the conductor is preferred.

In this way, the field strength peaks are further reduced, so that the partial discharge resistance of the conductor is increased under ^¬ refraction point in addition to the. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the conductor forms a conductor of a multifilament conductor.

In this case, it is provided that, in particular, all conductors of the multifilament conductor have an interruption point whose end regions are designed according to the invention. By Ge ^¬ staltung a multifilament composed of a plurality of conductors having end portions according to the invention a particularly advantageous inductor for inductive heating is possible. Here, the filaments of the multifilament conductor are formed by the plurality of conductors. Preferably, a multifilament conductor comprises a plurality of at least 10 and at most 5000 conductors. As a result, the heating power of the inductor is advantageously increased. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the point of interruption of the conductor is enclosed by an electrically isolie ^¬ generating sleeve.

The sleeve serves for the mechanical, frictional connection of the two ends of the conductor, which ends are formed by the point of interruption of the conductor. Here, the sleeve is expediently designed to avoid a short circuit at the interruption point electrically insulating. Preference is given to a molded from insulating material and / or I solierkunst- fabric sleeve which encloses both ends of the interrupting ^{¬ body} . Here, a sleeve is provided, the outer diameter is substantially larger than the diameter of the cross section of the conductor. A sleeve in the sense of the invention is an electrically insulating sealing element, which may be a molded sleeve which results when a hollow mold is ejected, which has an insulating effect and provides mechanical stability.

A sleeve is present a connecting element and in particular ^¬ sondere also an isolation and / or protection elements. The sleeve is preferably fixed to the inserted cable ver ^¬ be prevented. It encloses an interruption point.

Conceivable are designs as Gießharzmuffen, Gelmuffen, shrink sleeves - heat shrink or Kaltschrumpfmuffen.

An inductor having a plurality of conductors is preferred, wherein the interruption points of the conductors of a conductor group have a mutual offset along a longitudinal axis of the inductor. The offset is preferably small compared to the distance to the adjacent break points of the second conductor group.

This advantageously formed an inductor, the individual conductors are capacitively coupled to each other through the series circuit of the capacitors formed by the capacitively coupled conductors advantageous ^¬ way legally reduces the reactive power of the inductor and / or approximately compensated at resonance.

Particularly preferred is in inductor of a plurality of conductors, wherein the conductors extend in parallel along the Längsach se of the inductor.

Advantageously, an approximately constant capacitance between the conductors is made possible so that there is a uniform and evenly distributed loading of the conductors of the inductor by the parallel course of the Lei ^¬ ter. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the conductors form an interlaced and / or stranded structure which extends along the longitudinal axis of the inductor.

Characterized that is mechanically stabilized by an intertwining and / or stranding the one and is particularly suitable for other to form capacitances between the individual conductors is advantageously allows a cable assembly of the Lei ^¬ ter of the inductor.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the conductor is energized with an alternating current. If the conductor corresponds to a conductor group, the conductor group is energized with egg ^¬ nem AC.

Advantageously, all conductor groups of the inductor are supplied with alternating current.

Thereby, an electric resonant circuit having a specific resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is formed advantageously made by means of the Induktivi ^¬ ty of the conductor and the capacity which is formed by the point of interruption and by means of adjacent conductors. Advantageously, the formation of a resonant circuit, in particular in the resonance of the resonant circuit, reduces the reactive power which must be made available for the operation of the inductor. Here, the offset of the sub ^¬ refraction filters which offset periodically continues along the conductors or of the inductor, the resonant length of the inductor corresponds.

It is expedient to energize with an alternating current whose frequency is in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz.

Here, advantageously, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is in the range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for producing an inductor for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbon-containing substance, for example an oil sand, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, comprising the following manufacturing steps for at least one longitudinal position of a cable:

 - Providing the cable with at least two interconnected conductor bundles;

 - Spreading a first of the two conductor bundles at the longitudinal position of the cable;

 - Disconnecting all wires of a second of the two conductor bundles at the longitudinal position of the cable;

 - Entisolieren of cable ends of the severed wires; - connecting rounded conductive bodies each on a respective entisoliertes cable end;

 Inserting a respective spacer between pairs of rounded conductive bodies;

- Optionally, the introduction of a hollow cylindrical sleeve, wherein wires of the first conductor bundle are guided in a man ^¬ telfläche of the sleeve;

- optionally applying a sleeve shape, ejecting the sleeve form to a sleeve, said sleeve section, the sleeve and the rounded conductive bodies and a waste of the two conductor bundles encloses, and the Ent ^¬ distant form the sleeve.

Alternatively, the invention relates to a further manufacturing ^¬ method for an inductor for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, such as an oil sands, Ölschie ^¬ fer or Schweröllagerstätte, by means of electromagnetic induction, comprising the following manufacturing steps:

a) performing the following processing steps for at least one longitudinal position of a wire:

 - providing the, preferably insulated, wire;

- separating the wire at the longitudinal position of the wire; - stripping of both cable ends of the severed wire;

 - connecting rounded conductive bodies each on a respective entisoliertes cable end;

 Inserting a respective spacer between pairs of rounded conductive bodies;

- optionally applying a sleeve shape, ejecting the sleeve form to a sleeve, wherein the sleeve encloses the abgerun ^¬ Deten conductive body and two end regions of the set ^¬ severed wire, and removing the

 Belling;

b) winding the processed wire and / or stranding a plurality of such processed wires to an inductor.

In the above method, preferably, the rounded conductive bodies are first contacted with the respective ones

entisolierten cable ends connected. Subsequently, the respective spacers are inserted between pairs of rounded conductive bodies.

Alternatively, these last-mentioned steps can also be reversed so that first an already connected unit is provided ^comprising a spacer and a pair of rounded conductive bodies connected thereto. This unit is preferably already positively connected to each other. Subsequently, this unit can be connected to the two stripped cable ends, b) winding the machined wire and / or stranding a plurality of such processed wires to an inductor.

The production method can be preferably implemented in such a way that the joining of rounded conductive bodies is carried out in each case on a respective entisoliertes cable end with fol ^¬ ing steps:

- Sliding sleeves on the respective cable ends, wherein the sleeves each comprise the rounded conductive body; - Frictional connection, in particular crimping, the respective sleeve with the respective entisolierten cable end.

In addition, the above-mentioned stranding of a plurality of such processed wires to an inductor can be carried out by the following steps:

 Arranging a plurality of processed wires in such a way that at least two bundles of wires are formed, wherein the wires of a first of the two bundles are aligned in the longitudinal orientation so that separation points of the severed wires of the first bundle come to lie substantially next to one another and the wires of one second of the two bundles are aligned in longitudinal alignment with each other so that separation points of the severed wires of the second bundle come to lie substantially next to each other, wherein the separation points of the first bundle to the separation points of the second bundle are offset from each other;

- stranding the wires arranged in such a way that the wires of the first bundle and the second bundle are twisted from one another alternately.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the game Ausführungsbei described below and with reference to the drawings. In schematic diagram:

Figure 1 of an inductor section having a conductor with ku gelformigen statements of an interruption point, after a first manufacturing step;

Figure 2 is a sectional drawing of Figure 1 with a spacer, after a second manufacturing step; FIG. 3 shows a sectional drawing of FIG. 2 with an additional hollow-cylindrical surrounding insulating body, after a third production step;

Figure 4 is a three-dimensional view of Figure 3; a three-dimensional view of Figure 2 with an additional hollow cylindrical surrounding insulating body, according to an alternative third manufacturing step; an illustration of three conductor sections with each case attached additional hollow cylindrical surrounding insulating bodies, which are part of the common inductor; a representation of an alternative embodiment of three conductor sections with each attached additional hollow cylindrical surrounding insulating bodies, which are part of the common inductor;

FIG. 8 a schematic representation of an inductor section comprising two multifilament conductors;

Figure 9 is a sectional drawing of an alternative inductor section in which a point of interruption is mechanically connected via two sleeves, a spacer and a sleeve;

Figure 10 is a sectional drawing of another alternative

Inductor section, in which an interrupting ^{¬ body} via two alternatively shaped sleeves, ei ^¬ NEN adapted spacers and a sleeve fe is mechanically connected;

Figure 11 is a schematic representation of a perspective view of an inductor in a reservoir. Similar elements may be provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.

The figures relate to an inductor 1 for the exploitation of oil sand and heavy oil deposits, which is intended to effect a heating of a deposit in order to verbes ^¬ the flow ^¬ ability of the hydro carbons to be conveyed in situ. The proposed electromagnetic heating method is also called inductive heating, in which one or more conductor loops are introduced into the deposit, which are energized with alternating current. Thereafter, eddy currents will induce in the electrically conductive deposit, which will then heat the deposit. The conductors are cable-like according to the present invention, preferably made of a plurality of electrically insulated individual wires.

Half of the individual wires is interrupted alternately and in defi ^¬ ned intervals. Thus, the electric current is forced to penetrate the single core insulation as a displacement current. The cable inductor - inductor 1 - thus acts in sections as a capacitance whereby the unavoidable inductance of the conductor arrangement can be specifically compensated for a frequency. The conductor loop with the perio ^¬ disch arranged interruptions electrically acts as a series resonant circuit that can be operated at its resonant frequency with no reactance, without power.

The embodiment of interruption points in the cable inductor discussed below has the advantage that sharp-edged wire ends can be avoided. Since particularly high at sharp wire ends electric field strengths can occur ^¬, it is advantageous to avoid such configurations.

FIGS. 1 to 7 relate to an embodiment in which a conductor according to the invention is made up of a multiplicity of individual components. wires. All of these individual wires belonging to a conductor are separated at an interruption point.

Figure 1 shows a section of an inductor 1, wherein the inductor 1 includes a conductor 2 with a point of interruption 4. In the embodiment shown, the inductor 1 is thus formed by means of the conductor 2 and other conductors, not shown, with a plurality of identically ^¬ formed conductors for the inductor 1, for example, to adapt the resonance frequency, is preferred. In order to form a suitable capacitance, a second conductor (not shown in FIG. 1, but illustrated in FIG. 4) running largely parallel to the conductor 2 is provided. In this case, the second conductor (marked in Figure 3 and 4 with reference numeral 3) a staggered relative to the conductor 2 arranged

Have interruption point 4, wherein the offset continues pe ^¬ periodically and the resonance length corresponds.

At the point of interruption 4, the conductor 2 has two end regions 6, on each of which a rounded conductive

Body 40 and 40 ^{λ is} applied. The rounded conductive bodies 40 form ends of the conductive cube-shaped structure. The rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ are formed according to Figure 1 hemispherical or three-quarter spherical, with the curves of the two rounded conductive body 40, 40 are opposite to each other and ^{λ have} a distance and thus are not in contact. By halbku- gelformige arrangement or formation of the ends of the field strength peaks are avoided at the ends, and consequently at the interrupt point 4 so that thereby the part ^¬ discharge stability is increased at the point of interruption. 4

According to FIG. 1, a plurality of twisted wires form the conductor 2. The extending along a longitudinal axis A conductor 2 is preferably surrounded by an insulating layer (not Darge ^¬ asserted), which encloses the conductor. 2 Individual wires are also preferably provided with an individual insulating ^¬ layer.

The rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ are each solid body, which are formed conductive. As a material, in particular metals or metallic alloys are Be ^¬ costume.

The rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ may be referred to as electrodes. They are preferably massive bodies and / or solids. The rounding takes place in the same direction that would otherwise show the severed cable end.

Ends of the individual wires are connected to the respective rounded conductive bodies 40 and 40 ^λ, which in turn can form a flat surface, in particular on a rear side of the rounded conductive bodies 40 and 40 respectively. The mechanical and conductive connection of the wires with a respective rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ can be done by soldering, welding, crimping or other connection technique. A penetration of a wire end into the back of a rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ to achieve a solid and conductive connection is indicated for example in Figure 2.

The rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ have in operation the same electrical potential as the conductor. 2

The rounded conductive body 40 (or also 40 ^λ ) can also be considered as an electrode of a capacitance. According to Figure 1 spherical electrodes are in all or ^¬ minimum merged plurality of wire ends and electrically connected in pairs. This avoids sharp-edged wire ends and the resulting high electric field strength. ken at these sharp-edged wire ends to the partial discharges would ignite preferred.

A positive and positive pairwise fixation of the abge ^¬ rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ may be provided. This is illustrated in Figure 2 in a sectional drawing. There, an insulating body is shown as insulating spacer 32. This is preferably made of ceramic and / or mineral and / or plastic-based material. It comprises a pair of rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ at least partially. The surface shape of a portion of isolie ^¬ leaders spacer 32 is the surface shape of the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 adapted to ^λ. Preferably - as shown in Figure 2, the insulating spacer 32 includes two opposed recesses, in each of which a rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ can be at least partially inserted.

The insulating spacer 32 may be a solid body to which has been prepared in advance, and only with the abge ^¬ rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 ^λ is connected. Alternatively, the insulating spacer 32 can also be applied by means of spraying and / or filling in liquid form, wherein the material then hardens. An application of the insulating spacer 32 (also insulating ge ^¬ Nannt) onto the surface of the conductor 2 can be effected by means of extrusion on.

The insulating spacer 32, which may preferably be from ke ^¬ ramisch- or mineral- or plastic-based, includes the electrodes, it keeps to a defined distance, centers them relative to the continuous conductor structure (in Figures 1 and 2 are not shown, but in figure 3) and thus ensures a defined E field distribution without large field peaks (ie low relative peak values).

The rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ together with the insulating spacer 32 at the same time enable a me- mechanical and electrical strength of the insulation at the point of interruption 4 of the conductor 2.

The rounded conductive body 40 or 40 ^λ according to the invention prior to assembly is a separate element or a separate body, which / which only by joining to the conductor 2 forms a unit. The rounded ^¬ te conductive body 40 and 40 ^λ is in particular not single ^¬ lich the cable end of a severed conductor.

Figures 1, 2, and 3 can be understood as illustrating the inductor 1 in various successive manufacturing steps. FIG. 3 shows in a sectional drawing how two conductors 2 and 3 are advantageously arranged at an interruption point 4 of one of the conductors 2. An inner conductor corresponds to the conductor 2, which has a point of interruption 4 ^¬ with a pair of rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 ^λ and an interposed insulating spacer 32. Another conductor 3 - also formed by a plurality of twisted wires - is at the interruption ^¬ 4 outside - largely annular - passed. For the ^¬ sen purpose, a surrounding hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 may be provided at the interruption point 4, wherein the wires of the other conductor 3 are guided by a lateral surface of the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34. For this purpose, the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 may have grooves into which the wires of the conductor 3 can be inserted.

The conductor 2 is an inner conductor for the illustrated drawing section, the other conductor 3 an outer conductor. However, for another section, the conductor 2 may represent the outer conductor and conductor 3 the inner conductor.

FIG. 4 shows the same arrangement as FIG. 3 in a three-dimensional representation from the outside. The overall structure of the interruption according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is achieved by separating the two conductor groups (2 and 3) into an inner group and an outer group. The inherent ^¬ ren wires (that is, the conductor 2) can be interrupted and both ends merged into ball electrodes while top of the outer ^¬ ren through wires (ie, the further conductor 3) defi ned ^¬ are guided in an insulating body. The Gesamtanord ^¬ voltage can be enclosed with an additional insulating compound eingegos ^¬ sen and / or shrink sleeves.

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate how a twisted pair cable can be worked best ^¬ basis of two groups of wires, in which widened a first group of wires and / or

is spread apart to make a break for a second group of wires. In the axial course, the two groups are brought together again, so that a largely normal twisted cable can be seen on the two image edges of Figure 4. If one now extend figure 4, but this is not shown, the second group would now be expanded by wires and / or spread to make now there for the first group of wires a break in the distance of the Reso ^¬ nanzlänge. The hollow cylindrical insulating body 34, through the man ^¬ telfläche the wires of the other conductor 3 are performed, ensures a defined distance of the wires of the other conductor 3 to the rounded conductive bodies 40, 40 ^λ . In this way, dangers of electrical flashovers are prevented. The wires of the further conductor 3 are not interrupted by the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 but extend through the insulating body 34 therethrough.

In its outer configuration largely identical to Figures 3 and 4, the hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 can also be replaced by a hollow cylindrical conductor piece 33. This will be explained with reference to FIG. Figure 5 illustrates an alternative to Figure 3 and 4 shows that the continuous outer wires of the other conductor 3 (for the illustrated drawing section thus the outer ^¬ conductor) are mechanically and electrically merged in a hollow cylindrical conductor 33 gene. The still existing inner insulating body - the spacer 32 - holds the ball electrodes relative to each other and relative to the outer conductor (3) and the hollow cylindrical conductor 33 in position. Again, defined E field distributions are achieved with low field peaks, for which preferably also the edges of the hollow cylindrical conductor 33 is rounded.

Similar to the hollow cylindrical insulation body 34 Kgs ^¬ NEN the wires of the other conductor 3 can be easily passed through the hollow-cylinder-shaped conductor 33, so that the hollow cylindrical conductor 33 and the wires of the conductor 3 have the same potential.

Alternatively, the wires of the other conductor 3 can be cut at the interruption point. Subsequently, the separated ends can be mechanically and electrically connected to the hollow cylindrical conductor 33. This procedure has the advantage that the complete inductor can be severed at the point, then for the conductor 2, the rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ and the spacer 32 can be inserted, and finally the wires of the Lei ^¬ ters 3 via the hollow cylindrical conductor 33 can be reconnected. The processing is thus simplified. The cable inductor (inductor 1) can be constructed from a plurality of conductor bundles. FIG. 6 shows the inductor 1 with three conductor bundles, each having an outer insulator (34) according to FIGS. 3 and 4. In FIG. 6a, a bundle of conductors in a three-dimensional view is largely covered by a further conductor bundle. Figure 6b shows the view of the three Lei ^¬ terbündel from the axial direction. All fiber bundles have ever ^¬ weils an interruption point 4, wherein said interrupt ^¬ 4 at different longitudinal position corresponds long of the inductor 1 done. The positioning of the interruption points 4 will be explained with reference to FIG.

The cable inductor according to Figure 6 is made up of a plurality of conductor tracks, all of which are interrupted within a short axial distance from each other (for example within Im). The inner conductors of the bundles can be interrupted individually, whereby the interruptions take place with a small axial offset. The breaks (i.e., break points 4) could then be potted together in a cable sleeve (not shown).

Alternatively - not shown - now all the wires of each outer conductor (corresponding to the other conductor 3, as shown in the figures) can be formed from different bundles to a common outer conductor. Also without illustration, the common outer conductor could be passed through a common outer insulating body. FIG. 6 shows a representation with a plurality of hollow-cylindrical insulating bodies 34. Analogously, an embodiment with a metallic cylinder (from FIG. 5) according to FIG. 6 can also be formed. That is, in this case, it is not hollow cylindrical insulation body 34, but the hollow cylindrical metal body 33. Otherwise applies the Substituted ^¬ staltung according to Figure 6 accordingly.

FIG. 6b shows a section through the inductor at an inductor section in which the wires are not spread open. The cut is thus made by a section in which the wires are compactly twisted. The sectional plane would au ^¬ ßerhalb of the illustrated in Figure 6a range. Incidentally, FIG. 6b also illustrates that the wires of the conductor 2 and the wires of the further conductor 3 in the inductor sections in which they are not spread are twisted such that the wires of the conductor 2 and the wires of the another conductor 3 alternately - alternately - angeord ^¬ net are. Figure 7 is analogous to Figure 6 the inductor 1 with three Lei ^¬ terbündeln, each having an outer insulator (34) according to Figure 3 and 4. FIG. In FIG. 7 a, a bundle of conductors in a three-dimensional view is largely covered by a further conductor bundle. Figure 7b shows the view of the three Lei ^¬ terbündel from the axial direction. All fiber bundles have ever ^¬ weils an interruption point 4, wherein said interrupt ^¬ 4 at different longitudinal position corresponds long of the inductor 1 can take place at the same longitudinal position. The illustration in FIG. 7 should be understood to mean that only one conductor is interrupted in the insulation body 34 shown. Alternatively, a plurality of conductors in the insulation body 34 shown can be interrupted.

The cable inductor according to FIG. 7 is constructed from a plurality of conductor bundles. The inner conductors of the bundles can be interrupted individually. The breaks could then be potted together in a cable sleeve (not shown).

The three separately configured hollow cylindrical insulating body 34 of Figure 6 are now formed according to Figure 7 as a common body 34 ^λ , in which three hollow cylinder are connected to each other via its lateral surface. Figure 7b verdeut ^¬ light is that central axes of the three hollow cylinders are arranged offset by 120 ° to each other, with respect to a center axis of the insulating body (34 ^λ). This type of arrangement leads to no lateral offset and thus a very compact design.

7 shows a diagram with a plurality of hollow cylindrical insulating bodies united 34 ^λ. Analogously, an embodiment with a common metallic cylinder (assembled from the individual metallic cylinders of FIG. 5) according to FIG. 7 can also be formed. This means that in this case it is not a body of a plurality of hollow cylindrical insulating bodies, but rather a plurality of hollow cylindrical insulating bodies. lindric metallic body. Otherwise, the Ausgestal ^¬ tung In accordance with Figure 7 accordingly.

As can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7, inductor 1 per se is a twisted cable of a plurality of individually insulated wires, possibly widening the twist for the break points. In the said figures, two conductor bundles - designated by 2 and 3 - is provided ^¬, all wires of a fiber bundle lying on the SEL ben potential. The wires of the conductor bundles are twisted so that the wires of the first conductor bundle are adjacent wires of a second fiber bundle, and then re connect ^¬ around the wires of the first conductor bundle. By virtue of this neighborhood of different phases of the wires, the capacitive effect between the wires can be improved.

Also conceivable are inductors with more than two conductor bundles. Then, with N conductor bundles, one wire each of the different conductor bundles are arranged adjacent to one another, followed by the next N wires of one wire each of the different conductor bundles.

All these wires extend in the extension of the inductor 1, but twisted together.

It is also conceivable to form different groups of wires and to twist each group individually, the inductor 1 comprising all twisted groups. FIG. 8 shows an inductor 1 which comprises at least two multi-filament conductors 21, 22, wherein the multifilament conductors 21, 22 are each formed from a plurality of conductors 2. Each conductor 2 of the multifilament conductors 21, 22 thus has interruption points 4, wherein the end portions 6, not shown, of the conductors 2 are formed according to the invention at the points of interruption 4. Put in other words the multifilament conductors 21, 22 from a plurality of conductors 2 according to Figure 1 together.

The conductors 2 of the multifilament conductors 21, 22 extend essentially parallel to one another. By interruption ^{Stel ¬} len 4 and an offset 14 of the interruption points 4 of the first Multifilamentleiters 21 against the interrupting ^¬ places 4 of the second Multifilamentleiters 22 advantageously ^¬ the conductor 2 of the first multifilament 21 capacitively coupled to the conductors 2 of the second multifilament 22. In this case, the offset 14 essentially corresponds to a resonance ^length , the offset 14 continuing periodically along the conductor 2. In this case, each conductor 2 has a plurality of interruption points 4, wherein the interruption points 4 of each conductor 2 have a constant distance from each other.

Advantageously, the conductor 12 of the multifilament conductors 21, 22 improves the partial discharge resistance of the inductor 1 by means of the end regions 6 (not illustrated in more detail and according to the invention). In addition, the mechanical Fes ^¬ ACTION is increased at the interruption points. 4

Figure 9 shows a schematic sectional view in which the rounded-off conductive body 40, 40 ^{λ is placed} as a sleeve 31 on a cable ^¬ de a respective wire of the inductor.

FIGS. 9 and 10 relate to an embodiment in which a conductor according to the invention consists of a single single wire - a single wire. Each individual wire is disconnected at a point of interruption and the two resulting ends are individually provided with a respective sleeve 31. According to FIG. 9, an interruption point 4 is shown as an alternative embodiment to FIGS. 1 to 5. An end region 6 of the conductor 2 -which can be a multiplicity of twisted conductors-is stripped. Otherwise is the Head 2 surrounded by an insulation 55. A largely cylindrical and substantially rotationally symmetrical sleeve 31 comprises a recess for receiving the end region 6 of the Lei ^¬ ester 2. The other end of the sleeve 31 forms the rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ . By receiving the end portion 6 of the conductor 2 in the recess of the sleeve 31 and producing a solid connection, thus the rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ applied to the conductor 2. The solid Ver ^¬ bond - conductive and non-positive - preferably by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive bonding.

The other end of the broken conductor also receives a corresponding sleeve 31.

The sleeve 31 - in the following also called the shielding sleeve - is a molded part, preferably copper or walls ^¬ ren electrically conductive material. The sleeve 31 corresponds to a cable lug, which can be pushed in the manufacture of the inductor via a wire end - the end portion 6 -.

The sleeve 31 thus has in operation the same electrical potential as the conductor. 2

With two opposite recesses provided in accordance with the superficial shape of the rounded conductive body 40, 40 is ^λ, an insulating spacer 32, which in each case the superficial shape of the rounded conductive body 40, 40 correspond to ^λ.

In this way, the insulating spacer 32 can be positively and / or non-positively connected to the rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ .

The insulating spacer 32 has, according to FIG. 9, a recess into which the rounded conductive body 40, in which 40 ^λ can penetrate. The insulating spacer 32 also preferably surrounds the sleeve 31 transversely to the axial extent of the sleeve 31, so that the sleeve 31 is arranged coaxially with the conductor 2 and / or the insulating spacer 32.

According to Figure 9, the entire assembly of the interrupt is put ^¬ 4 enclosed by an electrically insulating sleeve 30th The sleeve 30 is in particular a spray sleeve. An injection molded sleeve has the advantage that cavities and air inclusions can be avoided. The sleeve 30 acts isolie ^¬ rend and at the same time gives mechanical stability.

The sleeve 30 encloses in particular the two end regions 6 of the conductor 2, the two sleeves 31 and the spacer 32. Preferably, the sleeve 30 encloses already iso ^¬ profiled sections of the conductor 2, but also in particular the stripped portions of the conductor 2 in the end regions. 6 . The sleeve 30 is in particular a rotationssymmetri ^¬ shear body.

To explain the manufacturing process, reference is further made to FIG. The two ends of the wire, which are formed when a wire breaks, are inserted into the insulation element in order to mechanically connect, connect and electrically isolate them in a defined position. The insulation element consists of two conductive shield sleeves (31) (for example, a copper molding), a the screen ^¬ sleeves (31) mechanically connecting electrically insulating spacer 32 and an outwardly acting insulating sheath which ^¬ staltet out in particular as an injection sleeve (30) is. Each shielding sleeve (31), which consists of highly electrically conductive material - for example copper, aluminum, other metals or alloys, graphite, possibly electrically conductive plastics such as CF PEEK (carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone) - has a bore into which the previously detached by a few millimeters from the wire insulation single wire end is introduced. The mechanical and electrical ^¬ cal connection of single wire end and shielding sleeve (31) can by deformation of the collar of the shielding sleeve (31) by means of ei ^¬ nes suitable pressing / crimping tool done, wherein the tool is designed such that no burrs or edges on the shielding sleeve (31) arise. Alternatively, the connection can be made with soldering, welding or electrically conductive bonding. The spacer 32 is made of a high-temperature-resistant and electrically insulating material, for example, a plastic such as PFA (perfluoroalkoxylalkane), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or a ceramic. The shielding sleeves (31) are mechanically fixed, preferably inserted in a form-fitting manner in the spacer 32. The spacer provides a defined axial distance between the screen sleeves (31), coaxially orientes the screen sleeves (31) and centers them. The production of the insulation element is completed by a gas-free sheath (in the form of said spray sleeve) of shielding sleeve pair (31) and spacer 32 by a high temperature resistant insulating material, which already touches the single core insulation. Preference may be (for example, the above mentioned) ver ^¬ applies to iso-regulating plastics. In particular, those which can be applied by a spray, (vacuum) potting or extrusion process are suitable. In particular, the same thermoplas ^¬ diagram plastic may be used, already form the outer layer of the individual conductor insulation and / or the spacer 32, such as PFA.

Figure 10 shows an alternative embodiment to Figure 9, in which the arrangement is formed analogous to Figure 9 except for the shape of the sleeves 31 and the Abstand 32. The About ^¬ transition between the sleeve 31 and the spacer 32, however, is largely inverse to figure 9, that concave surfaces are now Oberflä ^¬ convex and vice versa. The rounded conductive body 40, 40 ^λ has a hemispherical convex surface in FIG. 9 According to FIG. 10, it now has a continuously curved collar-shaped surface (40B). The surface of the sleeve 31 is partially concave. Since the sleeve 31 is preferably rotationally symmetrical, the shape of the axial end face directed towards the spacer 32 can also be described as a torus-shaped, more precisely

half torus shaped designate.

The spacer 32 is again against the surface of the sleeve

31 adjusted. Consequently, the insulating spacer

32 a rounded pin on. The pin can be inserted into the recess of the central collar-shaped surface (40B) of the sleeve 31, so that a stable connection between sleeve 31 and spacer 32 is formed.

The spacer 32 in FIGS. 9 and 10 is preferably designed to be axisymmetric and rotationally symmetrical. However, it is also possible to provide individual shapes, so that the spacer 32 and the sleeve 31 engage with each other so that only a certain position is possible. It should be noted, however, that the surfaces of the conductive elements are as uniform as possible and the conductive body is rounded, so that a rollover of a current arc can be avoided.

The spacer 32 provides a defined axial distance between the mutually facing surfaces (40A) of the shield sleeves (31). It is oriented to each other, the shielding sleeves (31) koaxi ^¬ al. He centers them on each other.

The embodiment of Figure 10 differs from Figure 9 that the spacer 32 similar to the wire ends in a turn, modified shield sleeve (31) connected at both ends is introduced with ^¬ term blind bores. Alternatively - not shown - can also be a through hole with possibly different radii on both sides of a shielding sleeve (31) are used. The connection of shield sleeves (31) and electrically insulating spacer 32 can bwz by pressing bwz. Crimping (possibly in one operation together with the wire ends) or gluing done. The final injection molded sleeve - so the sleeve 30 - again turns the Isolation radially outward, in particular to the adjacent continuous wires, safe.

Figures 1 to 7 relate to an embodiment in which the conductor 2 in the context of the invention consists of a plurality of individual wires. All of these individual wires belonging to a conductor are separated at an interruption point. This is advantageous if a twisted cable already exists and subsequently interruption points should be inserted.

By contrast, FIGS. 9 and 10 relate to an embodiment in which the conductor 2 in the sense of the invention consists of a single individual wire. This single wire may for example have a cross-section of about 1 mm ² . Each individual wire is disconnected at a point of interruption and the two resulting ends are individually provided with a respective sleeve 31. This embodiment is advantageous if individual wires are provided in advance with interruption points and only then a twisting or stranding or winding to a common cable comprising a plurality of these individual wires is produced. The stranding causes a strain relief for the inductor 1. The use of rounded surfaces (see 40, 40 ^λ ) at the interruption point 4 has the following advantages:

The arrangement makes it possible to avoid local elevations of the electric field strength at otherwise present conductor edges and tips, which can lead to partial discharges and thus to failure of the inductor 1. It is also advantageous that the number of critical conductor ends is drastically reduced, which also serves to increase the reliability.

A positive side effect that the Induktorkabel (but in egg ^¬ nem first step, without interruptions) can be prepared as a conventional cable continuously, and Interruptions are made later. This makes it possible in particular to subject the still uninterruptible cable in advance to a partial discharge test in order to identify any weak points of the individual conductor insulation in advance.

Furthermore, the determination of the resonance frequency, which depends on the distance of the uninterruptible ^¬ gene in addition to the inductor loop geometry, adapted to the manufacture of cables made to the JE stays awhile reservoir and does not need to be known even before the Ka ^¬ belherstellung. Ie the cable can be made independent of the individual deposit within limits and adapting to it is only through the nachträgli ^¬ che contribution of break points in individually de- finiertem distance (resonance length) instead.

The advantages of the isolation element are still as follows:

The shielding sleeves (31) envelop the individual wire ends, which generally have sharp edges and burrs due to the separation / cutting without further measures, and avoid overshoots of the electric field at the individual wire ends due to the shielding effect due to the same potential of wire end and shielding sleeve (31).

On the outer surfaces of the shielding sleeves (31) occur no field-elevations of the electric field, since the shielding sleeves (31) according to the invention have no edges but only curves.

The spacers 32 ensure that the electric field strength between a pair of screen sleeves (each reference numeral 31) does not exceed critical values. Critical field strengths at the end of the single wire insulation of the

Wire end are avoided or reduced by the intended overhang of the shielding sleeve (31). This position is critical table, as it may not be ensured that it can be encapsulated gas-free.

The insulation element provides a tension-proof connection of one wire end via first shielding sleeve (31), spacer 32, second shielding sleeve (31) to the other end of the wire. This is needed for subsequent stranding steps.

The spacer of Figure 9 ensures a minimum thickness of the insulation thickness in the radial direction, even if the injection sleeve - that is, the sleeve 30 - is applied axially displaced, since the spacer can bear a maximum on the inner wall of the injection mold during the Spritzvor ^¬ gangs. With the spacer 32 of Figure 10 can possibly achieve a more rational production by the wire ends can be pressed simultaneously with the spacer 32 with the shielding sleeve (31). Figure 11 shows a perspective detail of an oil sand reservoir as a deposit with a substantially hori zontal ^¬ extending in the reservoir inductor 1, which may also be referred to as an electrical conductor loop. There is ei ^¬ ne designated as a reservoir oil sand storage site shown, with the specific considerations always a cuboid unit 100 with the length 1, the width w and the height h is taken out. The length 1 may for example be up to some 500 m, the width w 60 to 100 m and the height h about 20 to 100 m. It should be noted that starting from the surface E can be up to 500 m present a "overburden" the Staer ^¬ ke s.

Next is an arrangement for inductive heating of

Reservoir cutout 100 shown. This can be formed by a long, ie some 100 m to 1.5 km, laid in the ground Lei ^¬ terschleife 120 to 121, wherein the forward conductor 120 and return conductor 121 side by side, ie at the same depth, are guided and at the end via an element 15 inside or outside the reservoir. Initially, the conductors 120 and 121 are led down vertically or at a shallow angle and are powered by a high frequency generator 60 which may be housed in an external housing. The high-frequency generator 60 or medium-frequency generator preferably covers a range of 10 kHz to 200 kHz or a sub-range from and can preferably be set to any Fre ^¬ frequencies in this frequency range. Also conceivable is an operating range from 1 kHz to 500 kHz.

In FIG. 11, the conductors 120 and 121 run side by side at the same depth. But they can also be performed on top of each other. Below the conductor loop (i.e., conductors 120 and 121), i. on the bottom of the reservoir unit 100, a conveying pipe 102 is indicated, can be collected and / or transported away over the liquefied bitumen or heavy oil.

Typical distances between the return and return conductors 120, 121 are 5 to 60 m with an outer diameter of the conductors of 10 to 50 cm (0.1 to 0.5 m).

The forward conductor 120 and the return conductor 121 from FIG. 11 are preferably formed with interruptions according to FIGS. 1 to 10, at least in the area of their largely horizontal extension.

Exemplary operating parameters are, for example, an inductively introduced heating power of 1 kW per meter of double cable. A current amplitude can be provided, for example, 300 A to 1000 A. For example, a single wire may be 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter. In sum, all the wires in the inductor can have a cross section of 1000 to 1500 mm ² . For example, the inductor may consist of 2500 to 3500 individual solid wires. As material for the wires copper may be provided. As insulation for each wire, for example Teflon can be provided. Wall thickness of the insulation can be, for example 0.2 to 0.3 mm. The double resonance length for an exemplary inductor may be, for example, 35 to 50 m. The arrangement of the wires in the longitudinal direction is carried out with an offset of the interruption points to the resonance length.

The invention according to the figures relates to an arrangement and a method for introducing heat into a geological formation, in particular in a present in a geological formation deposit, in particular for the recovery of a hydrocarbon-containing substance - in particular petroleum - from the deposit. It is proposed an inductor that is designed for "in-situ" -Gewinnung in underground storage facilities, such as from a depth of about 75 m, The importance ^¬ tet that in this technique the oil sands -. So the sand and rock remains in place the oil and the bitumen is separated by means of electromagnetic ^¬ shear waves and possibly other various methods from the sand grain and made more flowable so that it can be geför ^¬ changed the presented "in situ" - with the included oil.. method has the principle to increase the temperature underground and thus the viscosity of the bound oil or bitumen to ver ^¬ wrestlers and make it free-flowing to pump out there then. In particular, the effect of heat causes long-chain hydrocarbons of the high-viscosity Bi ^¬ tumens split. The inductor - ie an electrical conductor which is designed as an induction line - can be operated as a resonance circuit with little loss. Since preferably both ^{ends of} the inductor are connected to the frequency generator, the induction line forms an induction loop. The technical realization of the electrical line is performed as a resonant circuit. The frequency generator may preferably be formed as a frequency converter, which converts a voltage having a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz from the mains to a voltage having a frequency in the range of 1kHz to 500kHz. The frequency converter can be installed on a day-to-day basis. Furthermore, at least one of the deposit zones heated by the induction loop can preferably be used Drilling hole to be drilled. In addition, may optionally be provided between two continuous quasi-parallel holes in which the induction loop is arranged, at least one In ektionsbohrung for the injection of hot steam.

After laying of the inductor as an induction loop in min ^¬ least two bores and the connection of the induction ^¬ loop to the frequency generator begins in operation, supplying current to the conductor, and therefore the inductive heating Un ^¬ tergrunds with it faithfully forming a heating zone, which increased by a Temperature distinguishes. The Lei ^¬ terschleife or induction loop acts in operation as an in ^¬ duktionsheizung to additional heat into the deposit a ^¬ accommodate. The active area of the conductor may describe a nearly closed loop (ie, an oval) in the substantial horizontal direction within the deposit. The active area may be adjoined by an end area, possibly located above ground. The above-ground parts of the beginning and end of the conductor can be elekt ^¬ risch with a power source - the frequency generator - contacted. It is preferably provided for compensating for the line inductance of the conductor in sections by Serienkapazitä ^¬ th. It can be provided for the line with integrated compensation that the frequency of the frequency generator is tuned to the resonance frequency of the current loop. The capacity in the conductor can be formed Zvi ^¬ rule cable sections. A present dielectric is chosen here such that it fulfills a high Spannungsfes ^¬ ACTION and high temperature resistance.

Isolation of the inductor against the surrounding soil is advantageous in order to prevent ^¬ rule resistive currents through the soil Zvi the adjacent cable sections, in particular in the field of capacitors. The insulation furthermore prevents a resistive current flow between the forward and return conductors. The compensation of the longitudinal inductance can take place during operation with ^{¬ means} transverse capacitances. The capacitance - which is a two-wire line such. B. provides a coaxial line or multi-wire cables anyway over their entire length - can be used to compensate for the Längsinduktivitäten. For this purpose, the inner and outer conductors are alternately interrupted at equal intervals, thus forcing the flow of current through the distributed transverse capacitances. The operating temperature in the heating zone depends on the applied electromagnetic power which is composed of the geological and physical (electrical z. B. conductivity) parameters of the deposit, as well as the technical ^¬ rule parameters of the electrical arrangement, in particular con- sisting of the Inductor and the high frequency generator results. This temperature can reach up to 300 ° C and is adjustable by changing the current through the loop of the inductor. The regulation takes place via the frequency ^generator . The electrical conductivity of the reservoir may be increased by injecting additional water or another fluid, e.g. As an electrolyte can be increased.

The temperature development initially occurs due to the induction of eddy currents in the electrically conductive areas of the substrate. In the course of warming arise

Temperature gradients, ie places of higher temperature, than the original reservoir temperature. The places of higher temperature arise where eddy currents are induced. The starting point of the heat is therefore not the induction loop or the electrical conductor, but it is the eddy currents induced by the electromagnetic field in the electrically conductive layer. By the passage of time entste ^¬ Henden temperature gradient occurs in dependence of the thermal parameters, such as thermal conductivity also for heat conduction, whereby the temperature profile compensates. With a greater distance from the conductor, the strength of the alternating field decreases, so that only a lower heating is possible there ^¬ . If, on the other hand, a removal of the fluids or of the fluids made of electrically conductive fluids takes place immediately as soon as they have been made fluid, then the less heated by electrical eddy currents, the more the soil with its electrical conductivity has been transported away. Although the electromagnetic ^¬ specific field is still there, however, eddy currents can form only where conductivity is still be present. However, draining a liquid can cause other liquid to flow.

The input power is preferably set between 100kW to several megawatts.

The invention relates only to an inductor. In a deposit, however, depending on the size of several inductors can be moved side by side and at a distance from each other. Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, or other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

claims 1. inductor (1) for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit (100) of a hydrocarbon-containing substance, for example an oil sand, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit (100) comprising at least one conductor (2), wherein the conductor (2) at least one interruption point (4), characterized in that at least at one end region (6) of the conductor (2) at the point of interruption (4) has a rounded conductive body (40) is applied. 2. inductor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rounded conductive body (40) comprises a halbkugelför ^¬ mige surface (40A) or a continuously curved fret-shaped surface (40B). 3. inductor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conductor (2) consists of several, preferably individually insulated, wires and wire ends of the end portion (6) of the conductor (2) with the rounded conductive body (40). connected by pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or electrically conductive bonding. 4. inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at a further end region (6) of the conductor (2) at the point of interruption (4) a further rounded conductive body (40 ^λ ) is applied and that between the rounded conductive body (40) and the further rounded conductive body (40 ^λ ), an insulating spacer (32) is positioned. 5. inductor (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the insulating spacer (32) has a Oberflächenab ^¬ section, wherein the surface portion of the insulating Governing spacer (32) is mechanically and preferably in a form-fitting manner with ^¬ a surface portion of the rounded-conductive body (40). The inductor (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the insulating spacer (32) is configured to form surface shapes of the insulating spacer (32) in surface shapes of the rounded conductive body (40) and in surface shapes of the other. rounded conductive body (40 ^λ) engage, that the rounded conductive body (40) and in the other rounded conductive body to be fixed (40 ^λ) to each other without offset and in specified ^differently benem distance. 7. inductor (1) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the rounded conductive body (40) and the further rounded conductive body (40 ^λ ) and the isolie ^¬ render spacer (32) inserted into a hollow cylindrical further sleeve is, wherein the further sleeve is formed as an insulator (34) or as a conductive sleeve (33). 8. inductor (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that wires of a further conductor (3) through the material of the insulator (34) formed further sleeve are performed. 9. inductor (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that wires of another conductor (3) with the material of the conductive sleeve (34) are conductively connected. 10. The inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inductor (1) comprises at least two conductor bundles, wherein a first of the two conductor bundles at least the first conductor (2) and a second conductor surrounds and a second of comprises at least two conductor bundles a third conductor and a fourth conductor, wherein a first hollow cylindrical sleeve having a second hohlzylindri ^¬ rule sleeve is integrally formed such that a Man- telkörper the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a shell ^¬ body of the second hollow cylindrical sleeve for a Ab ^¬ cut are united. 11. inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, ^¬ characterized by that the inductor (1) comprises at least three fiber bundle, wherein a first of the three fiber bundle holds at least the first conductor (2) and a second conductor around ^¬ and second, the three fiber bundle comprises at least a third conductor and a fourth conductor and comprises at least one drit ^¬ tes of the three fiber bundle a fifth conductor and a sixth conductor, wherein a first hohlzylindri ^¬ cal sleeve with a second hollow cylindrical sleeve and having a third hollow cylindrical sleeve in such a way is formed in one piece, that a jacket body of the first hohlzylindri ^¬ rule sleeve and a jacket body of the second hohlzylindri ^¬ rule sleeve are united together for a first portion, the shell body of the first hollow cylindrical sleeve and a shell body of the third hollow cylindrical sleeve for a second Section are united and the Man ^¬ telkörper the second hollow cylindrical sleeve and the shell ^¬ body of the third hollow cylindrical sleeve are united together for a third section. 12. The inductor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with a plurality of conductors (2), each having a Unterbre ^¬ chungsstelle (4) according to claim 1, wherein the jewei ^¬ ligen interruption points (4) of the conductor (2) a have offset ^¬ side offset (14) along a longitudinal extent (A) of the inductor (1). 13. An inductor (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the conductors (2) form an interlaced and / or stranded structure which extends along the longitudinal extent (A) of the inductor (1). 14. Operating method for heating a geological format ^¬ on, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbon containing substance, for example an oil sand, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for obtaining the hydrocarbon-containing substance from the deposit, in which a geological formation arranged inductor (1) with at least one conductor (2) such is driven, that a elekt ^¬ romagnetisches field forms in the geological formation, for which purpose the circuit (2) has at least one interruption Stel ^¬ le (4), (wherein at least at one end region (6) of the conductor (2) at the point of interruption 4) a rounded conductive body (40) is applied. 15. Production method for an inductor (1) for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposits, by means elekt ^¬ romagnetischer induction comprising the following manufacturing steps for at least one longitudinal position of the cable:  - Providing the cable with at least two interconnected conductor bundles;  - Spreading a first of the two conductor bundles at the longitudinal position of the cable;  - Disconnecting all wires of a second of the two conductor bundles at the longitudinal position of the cable;  - Entisolieren of cable ends of the severed wires; - connecting rounded conductive bodies (40) each on a respective entisoliertes cable end;  - inserting a respective spacer (32) between pairs of rounded conductive bodies (40); - Optionally, the introduction of a hollow cylindrical sleeve, wherein wires of the first conductor bundle are guided in a Man ^¬ telfläche of the sleeve; - optionally applying a sleeve shape, ejecting the sleeve form to a sleeve, said sleeve enclosing the sleeve and the rounded conductive bodies (40) and a portion of the two conductor bundles, and the Ent ^¬ distant form the sleeve.