WO2017025468A1 - Cable, inductor, and method for producing an inductor for heating a geological formation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates a base cable and an inductor (1) produced from the base cable for heating a geological formation, more particularly a deposit of a hydrocarbon-containing substance, for example a deposit of tar sand, oil shale, or heavy oil , by means of electromagnetic induction, more particularly in order to extract the hydrocarbon-containing substance from the geological formation. The inductor (1) has a first bundle (21, 22) of wires (23, 24) and a second bundle (22) of wires (23, 24), wherein the first bundle (21) has an electrical contacting of the wires (23, 24) at a first position (4') and wherein the second bundle (21, 22) has an electrical contacting of the wires (23, 24) at a second position (4").

Description

description

Cable, inductor and method of making an inductor for heating a geological formation

For in-situ production of hydrocarbons from an underground deposit, for example for the promotion of oils, heavy oils, heavy oils or bitumen, in particular from corresponding oil, oil sand or oil shale deposits, it is necessary to achieve the greatest possible flowability of the för ^¬ edifying hydrocarbons , One way is to improve in its promotion, the flowability of the hydrocarbons to increase prevailing Tempe ^¬ ture in the deposit. The hydrocarbon may be a gas, a conventional oil, a heavy oil, an extra heavy oil, an oil sands and / or bitumen. The heavy oil has a dynamic viscosity between 10 and 100 cP and an API grade between 18 and 25. This corresponds to 1000 cP

(Centipoise) 1 kg / ms. The API -degree (American Petroleum Institute Grade) describes the relative density of the oil bezo ^¬ gen on water. The extra heavy oil has a dynamic viscosity up to 10,000 cP and an API grade below 20. Oil sands and bitumen have a dynamic viscosity greater than 10,000 cps and an API grade in a range between 7 and 9. Conventional oil in this case has an API gravity Zvi ^¬ rule 25 and about 56th It should be noted that the API grade is measured above ground when the associated gas is removed. The stated viscosity applies to the oil in the deposit. Therefore, the viscosity of the conventional oil and the heavy oil may overlap.

One method used to increase the temperature of the deposit is to heat the deposit, which can be done electrically. The electrical heating can be done in particular by radio waves or electromagnetic fields. When inductive heating by means of an inductor heat energy is introduced into the deposit (or in the soil) ^¬ . By means of the inductor in electrically conductive gen deposits (also called reservoir) induced by electromagnetic fields that forms eddy currents wel ^¬ che heat the deposit, so that there is thus an improvement in the flowability of the forward lying in the reservoir hydrocarbons. In this case, eddy currents are induced in particular in the pore water of the deposit, which has an electrical conductivity due to salts dissolved therein. The heat transfer from the water to the hydrocarbon takes place in particular by heat conduction.

For heating the heating device can be used also take a SAGD encryption, wherein the vapor by means of a tube or Dampfinj ector in the hydrocarbon reservoir, a ^¬ is brought. The SAGD process can be used to extract heavy oil and / or bitumen. Here, the Kohlenwasserstoffla ^¬ gerstätte or reservoir is additionally heated by the steam. The heater can also be used alone in a hydrocarbon reservoir without introducing steam into the reservoir. The heater includes a conductor means which is designed in particular as a conductor loop ^¬. The conductor means can play, have a length of several 100 meters at ^¬. In the conductor device, an alternating current can be impressed by means of an alternator. This has the consequence that entste ^¬ hen in the hydrocarbon reservoir eddy currents that heat the deposit again. Thus, the hydrocarbon that is in the hydrocarbon reservoir can be extracted. By means of the inductor in the ^¬ electrically conductive deposits (reservoir) WIR beiströme induced which heat the deposit, so that there is thus an improvement in the flowability of the present in the reservoir hydrocarbons.

The heaters continuous operation is aimed at 10 to 20 years without being able to perform at the heating device and in particular to the circuit device maintenance as these are deeply brought a ^¬ into the deposit and therefore not accessible. This results particularly high demands on the reliability of Lei ^¬ tereinrichtung. This concerns the electrical iso ^¬ lation to the earth and on the other, the capacitors for reactive power compensation.

The induced power places great demands on the cable used, the inductor and its electrical properties. For example, the parasitic inductive clamping ^¬ voltage drop is to rule over the cable length. In addition, can be expected with high field strength at the boundaries of the printed circuit interruptions, resulting in a high dielectric strength erfor ^¬ changed. To the inductive voltage drop of the cable-controlling ^¬ rule be integrated in this capacity. The production of such cables is complicated and expensive.

An object of the invention is a cable, which serves as In ^¬ ductor, form such that it meets the requirements and is easy to manufacture. A solution of the problem succeeds on the basis of a Basis ^¬ bels according to claim 1 or in an inductor according to claim 9. An inductor can be produced according to claim 15. Embodiments of the solution of the problem emerge according to claims 2 to 8, 10 to 14 and 16.

In order to reduce the inductive voltage drop in the various conductors or wires of a cable, the inductor has sections in which, in particular, two groups of wires are coupled. Each of the groups is interrupted several times (in particular regularly). The groups of cores thus form capacities which make it possible to transport electrical energy via the cable. The intervals of the interruptions determine with the voltage drop. By changing the distances, the voltage drop can be adjusted.

In one embodiment of a base cable or an inductor, these can be formed as a multifilament conductor. In particular, special may be a wire, a wire or a conductor as

Multifilament conductor be formed. The base cable or the inductor can also have a braided and / or stranded structure along the longitudinal extent.

For cable inductors that have several insulated conductors or wires, the capacitance of adjacent conductors is used for reactive power compensation. In this case, each of the conductors usually has a plurality of individual conductors or cores, which are arranged one behind the other along the axial direction of the conductor. Such a conductor device is also referred to as Multifilamentinduktor. A single ^¬ capacity results from a cable section of defined length, which is limited by interruptions.

In order to achieve a heating power in the vicinity of the inductor sufficient for the required temperature increase, large alternating current intensities of, for example, a few 100 A are necessary, since the reservoir surrounding the inductor is usually only slightly electrically conductive. By operation of the inductor with a high alternating current results in a high inductive ^¬ ver voltage drop across the inductor, wherein the inductive ^¬ ve voltage drop in the order of several 100 kV can lie.

To obtain an inductor, a basic cable is used. This base cable is used for the production of the inductor, ie for the production of the inductor cable. The base cable for an inductor for heating a geological formation has a plurality of bundles of wires. The geological formation relates in particular to a La ^¬ gerstätte a hydrocarbonaceous substance, in ^¬ example, a Ölsand-, oil shale or Schweröllagerstät- te. The inductor is used for electromagnetic induction, by means of which the extraction of the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the geological formation can be promoted. The basic cable has a first bundle of wires and a second bundle of wires, said first bundle having at a first position cores with a first connecting portion and having the second bundle at a second posi tion ^¬ cores with a second connecting portion.

In the region of the respective connecting section, the ^cable can be severed.

In one embodiment of the base cable, the connection section is electrically conductive. Cores with severed connection sections are electrically connected again. Veins that have no connection section will not be contacted again. In one embodiment of the base cable of the Verbindungsab ^¬ section is electrically insulated. Cut wires without the electrically insulating connection section are electrically connected again. Wires having an electrically insulating connection section will not be reconnected.

An electrical connection of wires or electrically conductive connecting sections can be effected for example by means of pressing and / or crimping and / or soldering and / or welding and / or gluing.

In one embodiment of the base cable, the first position is at least 10 meters away from the second position. The distance depends, for example, on the capacity to be achieved.

In one embodiment of the basic cable, the connection ^¬ section on a circumferential enlargement. The circumference of the wire is therefore greater in the area of the contacting with electrically conductive connecting sections after a separation. Of the

Connecting portion thus has, for example, a portion of the wire, which does not have a round cross-section. The connecting section thus has, for example, a wire cut, which has a rectangular cross-section. The electrically conductive connection section has, for example, metal platelets which are severable and, in particular, can be easily connected to a plug-and-socket system. The connecting section has, for example, a metal plate which is severable and can also be connected to one another, for example, by means of overlapping and soldering. If the connecting sections of a base cable are electrically insulating, then only the severed wires (electrically conductive) need to be electrically connected again. The separate electrically non-conductive connection sections can remain open, so do not need to be reconnected.

If, for example, a base cable is cut through with electrically conductive connecting sections in the region of an electrically conductive connecting section, the first bundle of wires with connecting section is severed and also the second bundle of wires in the same position, where the wires of the second bundle have no connecting section there. At the point of the separation of the base cable for the production of an inductor cable only the wires are connected to each other again, which have an electrically conductive connection portion. At the site of transection, there are roughly the same number of cores with connecting ^¬ section and without connecting portion. In one embodiment of the base cable, the first bundle is bundled with the second bundle in a strand. The first bundle and the second bundle can thus be in a strand ge ^¬ leads, besides the first bundle may be separated from the second bundle or wires of the first bundle and the second bundle are thoroughly mixed within the strand. In one embodiment of the base cable this has a plurality of strands. In this way it is possible to produce a stable inductor suitable for high current strengths. The inductor is a conductor. The conductor is in particular cable-like made of a plurality of electrically insulated individual wires. It can be obtained with repeated attachment of interruption points on the inductor, an electrical series resonant circuit, the interpretation, for example, is such that a resonance ^¬ frequency in the range of about 10 kHz to 200 kHz is obtained, which also represents the operating frequency of the inductor. The inductor is driven, for example, via a generator which is operated at least with the aforementioned frequency range.

The interruption point is used to act capacitively to form ^¬ de conductor sections (in terms of capacitors). This is done by the capacitive coupling of adjacent conductor groups over a defined length of conductor - ^¬ example, 10 to 50m - for reactive power compensation. The capacitors are arranged in particular as a series circuit.

An inductor for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sand, oil shale or

Heavy oil deposit, by means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the geological formation, has a first bundle of veins and a second bundle of veins. This results in a kind of filament structure. The first bundle and the second bundle of cores have an electrical contact at different positions (eg at a distance of more than 10 meters). The positions are for example distributed equally over the inductor. Different positions may be required if different capacitance values are required across the cable. The base cable can be used to make the inductor (ie the inductor cable). The basic cable is disconnected at the points with the connecting sections. Either the wires with the electrically conductive connection sections are again electrically connected to one another or the wires are again electrically connected without an electrically insulating connection section. Separate wires without an electrically conductive connection section are not reconnected at this point.

The base cable thus has at least two bundles, which have connecting sections at different locations. The connecting sections can also be different, ie, for example, electrically conductive or electrically insulating. Thus, if the first bundle electrically connected back to a position of separation of the Ba ^¬ siskabels, so this is true of the second bundle at this position of the separation not to be, and vice versa. In one embodiment of the inductor, the electrical contacting is effected, for example, by a plug connection and / or a crimped connection and / or a clamping connection.

In one embodiment of the inductor or the base cable, each individual wire or wire is individually insulated. Everyone

Wire or each wire has e.g. in repetitive intervals connecting sections.

In one embodiment of the inductor, the latter has a large number of disconnection points, a cable being separated by means of the disconnection points, which has electrical contacts in the region of the disconnection points in order to have electrically contacted a part of separate wires there again. According to a manufacturing method for an inductor for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, ^¬ example, an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, By means of electromagnetic induction, in particular for obtaining the hydrocarbon-containing substance from the geological formation, a cable with connecting sections is used for the production of the inductor and separated there at the connection sections, where separate wires are partially reconnected there. The different separation and contacting of wires results in bundles of wires. A first bundle is separated at certain positions where the second bundle is contacted and vice versa.

In this way, the entire inductor can be manufactured on a cable winding machine without restrictions on the desired length. This concerns in particular the base ^¬ cable. After production on the cable winding machine, for example, the insulation is removed at certain positions and, if necessary, a twist of cores and / or strands is reversed. The entire base cable or even a part or a strand (in particular with a plurality of bundles) is then severed. There, for example, contact modules or plugs are inserted between the ends of the individual wires. Subsequently, the twist of the individual wires can be restored. After recovery of the insulation, the inductor is restored at the point of separation.

According to an embodiment of the inductor manufacturing method, the base cable is severed at a plurality of connecting portions, and a first bundle of wires is electrically connected at a first position and a second bundle is electrically connected at a second position. In this case, the second bundle at the first position is electrically separated and the first bundle at the second position elekt ^¬ for separately. By using a base cable with integrated connection sections, which are in particular electrically insulating, in the bundles, the cable production can be simplified. In case of a severance of the basic cable in the rich of electrically insulating connecting portions need only the parts of the bundle are electrically connected to each other, which have no electrically insulating connection portion. This simplifies the manufacture of the inductor. After the severing of the basic cable to ei ^¬ ner position with the electrically insulating connecting sections only the electrically conductive wires or conductor need to be connected. These are open there. Thus, the use of a plug system for the he ^¬ neute electrical connection of the exposed electrical connections is particularly easy. To the separate electrically insulating connection sections you need not strive at this position, since electrical insulation is ensured. In order to enable electrical contact with a plug connection, it may be necessary to remove an outer electrical insulation layer at wire ends or conductor ends.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments and ^"ter reference to the accompanying drawings: FIG.

1 shows a cable inductor;

 2 shows a basic cable;

3 shows an open point of interruption, and

 4 shows a cross section of the base cable.

The cable inductor (inductor 1) can be constructed from a plurality of conductor bundles. 1 shows an inductor 1, the GR nigstens includes two multi-filament as a first beam 21 and a second bundle 22 wherein the multifilament ^¬ conductors 21, 22 are each formed of a plurality of conductors. 2 Each conductor 2 of the multifilament 21, 22 thus has interruption points 4, wherein the non-set ones shown, end portions 6 of the conductor 2 to the interrupt provide ^¬ are formed. 4 The interruption points 4 are thus present at different positions 4 via the inductor 1. In other words, the multifilament ladder 21, 22 of a plurality of conductors 2 together. The conductors 2 of the multifilament conductors 21, 22 are substantially parallel to each other. Through the interruption points 4 and an offset 14 of the interruption points 4 of the first multifilament conductor 21 with respect to the interruption points 4 of the second multifilament conductor 22, the conductors 2 of the first multifilament conductor 21 are capacitively coupled to the conductors 2 of the second multifilament conductor 22. Here ent ^¬ speaks the offset 14 is substantially a resonant length, with the offset 14 along the wire 2 continues periodically. In this case, each conductor 2 has a plurality of interruption points 4, wherein the interruption points 4 of each conductor 2 have a constant distance from each other.

The illustration according to FIG. 2 shows a base cable 10. This base cable 10 has connecting sections 11. The conductors of a bundle can also be wires. The first bundle 21 has wires 24 without connection section 11 at the point of interruption 4. The second bundle 22 has at dersel ^¬ ben interruption point 4 wires 23 with a Verbindungsab ^¬ section 11. The basic cable can be manufactured with integrated Verbin ^¬ dung portions 11 for interruption of a respective beam. In two bundles per cable DIE se, for example by the connecting portions 11, which are, for example, electrically insulating, alternately elec tric ^¬ interrupted. The connecting sections 11 are located at predefined positions, ie in the region of the interruption points to be produced. At the Unterbrechungsstel- len the basic cable must first be cut to ensure the Un ^¬ interruption. After transection, one of the bundles is electrically reconnected.

The illustration according to FIG. 3 shows an open interruption point 4. The basic cable 10 is therefore cut through. The bundle 22 remains separated at this position 4. The bundle 21, wel ^¬ electrically non should remain separated ches at this point is, for example, connected to a plug, in the 3 is not shown. The counterpart of the base cable at this point of interruption (not shown) may be connected to the corresponding ends of the bundle to a socket. Plug and socket allow an electrical connection of one of the bundles. The connecting portions 11 can be kept small. They should only be so large that a secure severing of all connecting sections 11 in an interruption section is possible. The length of the connecting sections also depends on the manufacturing tolerances of the base cable 10.

The representations according to FIGS. 2 or 3 can be understood not only as a basic cable 10 but also as a strand 25, 26, 27 a base cable 10 according to FIG. 4.

The representation according to FIG 4 shows a cross section of the base ^¬ cable 10 and an inductor produced therefrom. The Verbin ^¬ extension portions 11 serve in particular the interruption of wires of a bundle. The base cable has a plurality of strands 25, 26 and 27.

Claims

claims 1. Basic cable (10) for an inductor (1) for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example a Oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposit, by means of elek ^¬ tromagnetic induction, in particular for recovering the hydrocarbonaceous substance from the geological formation, characterized in that the base cable (10) a first bundle (21,22) of veins (23,24) and a second bundle (21,22) of cores (23,24), wherein the first bundle (21,22) at a first position (4 ^λ ) cores (23,24) with a first Connecting portion (11), wherein the second bundle (21,22) at a second position (4 ") has cores with a second connecting portion (11). 2. Basic cable (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first position (4 ^λ ) from the second position (4 ") is at least 10 meters away. 3. Basic cable (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connecting portion (11) has an enlargement of the circumference. 4. Basic cable (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the connecting portion (11) has a rectangular cross-section ^¬ . 5. Basic cable (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first bundle (21,22) are bundled with the second bundle (21,22) in a strand (25,26,27). 6. Basic cable (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, with egg ^¬ ner plurality of strands (25,26,27). 7. Basic cable (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the connecting portion (11) is electrically conductive. 8. Basic cable (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the connecting portion (11) is electrically insulated. 9. inductor (1) for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a kohlenwasserstoffhalti ^¬ gen substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposits, by means of electromagnetic induction, particularly for the recovery of the hydrocarbon-containing substance from the geological formation, dadurchge - Indicates that the inductor (1) comprises a first bundle (21,22) of conductors (23,24) and a second bundle (22) of wires (23,24), said first Bün ^¬ del (21) at a first Position (4 ^λ ) has an electrical contacting of the wires (23,24), wherein the second bundle (21,22) at a second position (4 ") has an electrical contacting of the wires (23,24). 10. An inductor (1) according to claim 9, wherein it comprises at least parts of a base cable (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 11. The inductor (1) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the first position (4 ^λ ) from the second position (4 ") is at least 10 meters away. 12. The inductor (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the electrical contact has a plug connection and / or a crimp connection and / or a clamping connection. 13. inductor (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the second beam (22) at the first position (4 ^λ) is electrically interrupted. 14. An inductor (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 13, with a plurality of separation points (4) of a cable (10), wherein the separation points (4) have electrical contacts. 15. Production method for an inductor (1) for heating a geological formation, in particular a deposit of a hydrocarbonaceous substance, for example an oil sands, oil shale or heavy oil deposits, by means elekt ^¬ romagnetischer induction, particularly for the recovery of the hydrocarbon-containing substance from the geological formation, for producing an inductor (1) according to one of claims 9 to 14, a cable (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6 is used. A manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein said cable (10) is severed at a plurality of connecting portions (11), and a first bundle (21) of wires (23, 24) is electrically connected at a first position (4 ^λ ) and a second bundle (22) is electrically connected at a second position (4 "), the second bundle (22) being electrically separated at the first position (4 ^λ ) and the first bundle (21) being at the second position (4"). ) is electrically isolated.