WO2015166683A1 - Method for applying reducible fertilizer to plant body, and agent used in deciduous fruit tree - Google Patents

Abstract

　A method for applying, to a plant body, a reducible fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of a yeast or yeast component and phosphoric acid and/or potassium, the method including suppressing leaf fall after harvesting of a deciduous fruit tree by applying the reducible fertilizer to leaf surfaces of the plant body, which is a deciduous tree, from the beginning of physiological fruit drop until harvesting of fruit.

Description

Method for applying reducing fertilizer to plants and chemicals used in deciduous fruit trees

The present invention relates to a method for applying a reducing fertilizer to a plant body in order to suppress defoliation after harvesting in a deciduous fruit tree or to increase the storage nutrient of the deciduous fruit tree. The present invention also relates to an agent for suppressing defoliation after harvesting in a deciduous fruit tree and an agent for increasing the storage nutrient of the deciduous fruit tree.

Waste yeast discharged from food production factories such as beer factories is used as a raw material for yeast extracts and yeast preparations, livestock feed, fertilizer, etc., and is subjected to disposal such as incineration. Moreover, although some yeast cell walls remaining after extracting the yeast extract are used for health food, livestock feed, etc., others are mainly discarded.
However, disposal of these microorganism-derived materials requires transportation costs to the processing plant and processing costs. In addition, the above-mentioned foods, feeds, fertilizers, etc. derived from yeast have a limit in the amount of use with respect to the amount of waste yeast generated, and there is a new application that can provide waste yeast as a product with high added value. It was sought after.
As a new application using waste yeast, for example, WO 2010/104197, a microorganism-derived reduction having a redox potential of 0 mV or less, characterized in that a microorganism or a component of a microorganism is hydrothermally reacted in the absence of oxygen. WO2013 / 094235 uses this microorganism-derived reducing mixture as a reducing fertilizer to promote root development and root hair formation of citrus fruits that are evergreen fruit trees. A method for preventing biennial results is disclosed. Here, since the method of WO2013 / 094235 applies a reducing fertilizer to an evergreen fruit tree, in the first place, the effect of prevention and suppression of defoliation in a plant body is not assumed, and the stored nutrients brought about by suppression of defoliation. The effect of the increase has not been studied. In addition, as described above, the method of WO2013 / 094235 is primarily intended to promote the development of citrus roots and the formation of root hairs, so it is directly applied to the roots of citrus by irrigation rather than foliar application. It was applied.

As components contained in the fertilizer, nitrogen (nitrogen-containing component), phosphoric acid (phosphoric acid-containing component), and potassium (potassium-containing component) are typically known as three elements of the fertilizer. The three elements of these fertilizers have different fertilizing effects on the plant body depending on the components.For example, nitrogen has an effect of mainly growing the plant body, whereas phosphoric acid promotes flowering and fruiting. Potassium promotes root development and is involved in osmotic pressure regulation in root hair cells.
For this reason, when applying the fertilizer containing each component to a plant body, it is necessary to select an application position and an application time in consideration of the fertilizer effect. Typically, in the case of fertilizers containing phosphoric acid and potassium, the main purpose is to promote the formation of flower buds. While it is most commonly applied once, in the case of a liquid fertilizer, it is common to spray the leaf surface in a plurality of times.

By the way, in general, when trying to produce fruits in deciduous fruit trees, most of the nutrients produced by the fruit trees (anabolic nutrients) are spent on fruit production. Easy to fall. Thus, it is known that when early fallen leaves occur in a fallen fruit tree, the fruit will fall soon (fall before harvest). Conventionally, plant growth regulators such as dichloroprop solution and 1-naphthalene sodium acetate wettable powder have been used in order to prevent such pre-harvest fruits. However, when using these chemicals, problems such as difficulty in determining the harvest time, lowering fruit hardness, and inability to maintain fruit quality due to the early maturity of the fruit have been pointed out. However, its usage has not been established yet.
In deciduous fruit trees, the growth of new shoots, fruit enlargement / ripening, flower bud differentiation, etc. depend on the assimilation nutrients produced by the leaves developed after spring, but the development of flower buds, flowering / fruiting, the initial stage of the new tree shoots Growth depends on the nutrients stored in the fall of the previous year (stored nutrients). For this reason, in order to continuously produce high-quality fruits, not only during the fruit development period, but also after the harvest, the photosynthetic capacity of the plant body is kept high, and the anabolic nutrients are smoothly transported to the trunks and roots. It is important to be stored separately. However, when deciduous fruit leaves fall early, photosynthesis is not performed after defoliation, so nutrients are not sufficiently stored in the tree bodies such as the trunks and roots. In such a situation, it is known that not only the tree vigor decreases, but also the development of flower buds, flowering and fruiting, and the initial growth of new treetops deteriorate the following year.
For this reason, traditionally, post-harvest fertilization, branching and pruning have been performed to maintain the tree structure after fruit harvesting. Experience was necessary.
Therefore, the present invention does not require a great deal of labor and advanced knowledge and experience, and suppresses defoliation before harvesting of deciduous fruit trees by a simple method, and suppresses pre-harvest fruit fall. It is an object to provide a method for increasing the yield of fruit in the next year, and a drug used therefor.

The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research in view of the above problems. As a result, reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium is applied to the leaves of deciduous fruit trees between the start of physiological fruit fall and fruit harvest. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by application, and the present invention has been completed.
Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
(1) A method of applying to a plant a reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium, from the start of physiological fruit dropping to fruit harvesting In the meantime, by applying the reducing fertilizer to the leaf surface of the plant body that is a deciduous fruit tree, the method includes suppressing post-harvest defoliation in the deciduous fruit tree.
(2) A method of applying a reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast and a mixture of phosphoric acid and / or potassium to a plant body, the method starting from the start of physiological fruit drop A method comprising increasing the storage nutrient of a deciduous fruit tree by applying the reducing fertilizer to a leaf surface of a plant that is a deciduous fruit tree before harvesting the fruit.
(3) The method according to (1) or (2), wherein the reducing fertilizer is applied to the leaf surface of a deciduous fruit tree by foliar application.
(4) The method according to (3), wherein the reducing fertilizer is sprayed on the foliage from 1 to 4 times during the period from the start of physiological fruit drop to fruit harvest.
(5) A reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of a yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium has a solid content concentration of 0.0075% by mass or more and 0.15% by mass or less. The method according to (3) or (4), wherein the method is diluted so that the leaves are dispersed.
(6) The method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the deciduous fruit tree is at least one selected from the group consisting of apples, pears, cherries, peaches, ume, apricots, loquat, grapes and prunes. .
(7) A drug that suppresses defoliation after harvesting in deciduous fruit trees, obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium.
(8) The chemical | medical agent which increases the storage nutrient of deciduous fruit tree obtained by hydrothermal reaction of the mixture of yeast or the component of yeast, and phosphoric acid and / or potassium.

In the method of applying the reducing fertilizer of the present invention to a plant body, a plant which is a deciduous fruit tree using the reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium. Applies to the leaves of the body. As a result, the components in the reducing fertilizer act on the deciduous fruit tree to suppress the defoliation before the fruit harvest, thereby improving the nutritional state of the plant and preventing the fruit pre-harvest fruit fall. .
In addition, by carrying out the method of applying the reducing fertilizer of the present invention to a plant body, the fall of deciduous fruit trees after harvesting is similarly suppressed, so that the level of photosynthesis is maintained above a certain level even after harvesting. Therefore, it is possible to improve the nutritional state of the plant body without increasing advanced cultivation techniques such as fertilization and pruning, and to increase the storage nutrients of the trunks and roots. Thus, by increasing the storage nutrient of the plant body, the growth state of the plant body from the early growth stage to the flowering stage of the next year becomes good, and as a result, the yield of fruits in the following year can be increased.

It is drawing which shows the inhibitory effect of the fallen leaf after the harvest in the method of applying the reducing fertilizer of this invention to a cherry. It is drawing which shows distribution of the weight of the harvested apple in the method of applying the reducing fertilizer of this invention to an apple.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
<Method of applying reducing fertilizer to plant>
The method of applying the reducing fertilizer of the present invention to a plant body is to apply the reducing fertilizer to the leaf surface of a plant body that is a deciduous fruit tree from the start of physiological fruit dropping to the fruit harvest. By applying the method of the present invention to deciduous fruit trees, defoliation before fruit harvesting is suppressed, so that the nutritional state of the plant becomes good, and fruit fall before fruit harvesting can be similarly prevented. . In addition, in order to obtain the effect of applying reducing fertilizer to deciduous fruit trees (especially the effect of suppressing defoliation before harvesting), reducing fertilizer should be applied to deciduous fruit trees one week before fruit harvest. And is more preferably applied to the deciduous fruit tree by 8 weeks before.
In the present invention, a reducing fertilizer is used so that the suppression of defoliation of 10% or more, more preferably 60% or more, is observed in the non-treated area between immediately after harvesting and 2 months after harvesting. Is applied to deciduous fruit trees.
In addition, by applying the method of the present invention to deciduous fruit trees, the fall of deciduous fruit trees after harvesting is similarly suppressed, so that the level of photosynthesis is maintained above a certain level even after harvesting, such as fertilization and pruning. Even without advanced cultivation techniques, the nutritional state of the plant body can be maintained well. As a result, the nutrients synthesized in the leaves are transferred to branch trunks, roots, etc., and the stored nutrients in these plant tissues are increased. Such an increase in stored nutrients by controlling the fallen leaves after harvesting increases the yield of fruits in the following year by improving the growth state of the plant from the beginning of the next year to the flowering stage. Become.
As described above, plant growth regulators such as dichloroprop solution and 1-naphthalene acetate sodium wettable powder are usually used to prevent defoliation before harvesting and subsequent pre-harvest fruit fall. When these chemicals are applied to deciduous fruit trees, defoliation before harvesting is suppressed, but the remaining leaves fall with harvesting.
“Physiological fruit drop” refers to a fruit drop phenomenon that occurs when a fruit loses competition in the nutrient competition between the fruit after fruit set and the branches and leaves, and generally occurs between 3 weeks and 6 weeks after the flower has fallen. It is. “Pre-harvest fruits” means that the plant spends most of the nutrients produced by the leaves (anabolic nutrients) on fruit production, resulting in a decline in tree vigor and early leaf fall due to aging of the leaves. Refers to falling.
Further, in this specification, “an increase in stored nutrients of deciduous fruit trees” means an increase in nutrient contents in the trunks, roots, and leaves of deciduous fruit trees, preferably induced by an increase in nutrient contents in leaves. Means an increase in nutrient content in the trunk and root of the deciduous fruit tree. Here, the phrase “increasing stored nutrients of deciduous fruit trees” does not include an increase in nutrient content in the fruits of deciduous fruit trees.
The increase in stored nutrients can be grasped as an increase in the organic nitrogen content in the plant tissue. Specifically, the plant tissue can be measured by a simple analysis method using the ninhydrin method.

[Method of applying reducing fertilizer]
In applying the reducing fertilizer to the deciduous fruit tree, it is preferable to apply the reducing fertilizer to the leaf surface of the deciduous fruit tree by spraying the reducing fertilizer onto the leaves. Since foliar spraying can be carried out with a simple device without much effort, the foliar spraying saves cost and labor by applying the reducing fertilizer of the present invention to plants. However, it can be implemented.
When foliar spraying is performed, the reducing fertilizer is sprayed on the foliage from 1 to 4 times between the start of physiological fruit drop and fruit harvest, preferably from the start of physiological fruit drop to one week before fruit harvest. It is preferable. By applying the reducing fertilizer in such a number of times by foliar application, the effectiveness of the reducing fertilizer can be expressed more effectively.
In addition, when applying a reducing fertilizer to a deciduous fruit tree by foliar application, it is preferable to apply a reducing fertilizer diluted so that solid content concentration may be 0.0075 mass% or more and 0.15 mass% or less.
When the reducing fertilizer is applied to a deciduous fruit tree, the target deciduous fruit tree is not particularly limited. Examples of deciduous fruit trees include at least one selected from the group consisting of apples, pears, cherries, peaches, ume, apricots, loquat, grapes and prunes.

[Reducible fertilizer]
The reducing fertilizer used in the present invention is obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium.

(Yeast or yeast components)
The yeast or yeast components used in the present invention are generally known as microbial materials. Yeast and yeast components are predicted to be highly safe and acceptable to consumers even when used for applications such as fertilizer, feed, food and drink, supplements, drugs, among microbial materials. . Yeast may be cultivated especially to produce reducing fertilizer, but it is discharged in the brewing industry such as beer, sake, miso and soy sauce from the viewpoint of waste utilization and reduction of waste disposal costs. It is preferable to use yeast obtained as excess waste.
Here, when using yeast for the production of reducing fertilizer, the whole yeast may be used, or the yeast extract or the cell wall of yeast produced when producing the yeast extract may be used. . These yeasts and yeast components can be mud, squeezed to reduce moisture, dried to further reduce moisture, powdered, suspended in liquid, etc. It may be a thing. Specifically, preferable yeast or yeast components include mud beer yeast, pressed beer yeast, dry beer yeast, beer yeast suspension, dry yeast cell wall, yeast cell wall suspension, and beer yeast-containing inorganic substances. be able to.

(Phosphoric acid and / or potassium)
The reducing fertilizer used in the present invention contains phosphoric acid and / or potassium.
(phosphoric acid)
As phosphoric acid (phosphate, phosphoric acid-containing component) used in the reducing fertilizer used in the present invention, conventionally known phosphoric acid can be used as a fertilizer component. Specifically, various soluble or soluble fertilizers may be used, and phosphoperium lime, heavy superphosphate lime, and phosphorous fertilizer as a mixture obtained by treating phosphate rock with sulfuric acid to solubilize phosphoric acid. And calcined phosphorus fertilizer. These phosphoric acid components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
(potassium)
As potassium (potassium salt, potassium-containing component) contained in the reducing fertilizer used in the present invention, conventionally known potassium may be used as a fertilizer. Specifically, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium hydroxide, And potassium nitrate. These potassium components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Other ingredients)
Further, the reducing fertilizer used in the present invention may contain nitrogen such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride; calcium such as quick lime, slaked lime and carbonated lime; magnesium; diatomaceous earth and the like. When these components are added, they may be added to the mixture before the hydrothermal reaction, or may be added to the reducing fertilizer after the hydrothermal reaction. It is preferable not to add it before the reaction.

(Hydrothermal reaction)
The hydrothermal reaction in providing the reducing fertilizer used in the present invention is preferably a treatment carried out under sealed conditions at a temperature of 120 ° C. or higher and 220 ° C. or lower, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher and 210 ° C. or lower. Point to. The pressure is preferably 0.9 MPa or more and 1.9 MPa or less, more preferably 1.2 MPa or more and 1.8 MPa or less. In particular, a hydrothermal reaction performed at a pressure of 0.9 MPa to 1.9 MPa and 120 ° C. to 220 ° C. is preferable, and a hydrothermal reaction performed at a pressure of 0.9 MPa to 1.9 MPa and 150 ° C. to 210 ° C. is more preferable. Preferably, a hydrothermal reaction performed at 1.2 MPa to 1.8 MPa and 150 ° C. to 210 ° C. is more preferable.

[Characteristics of reducing fertilizer]
Next, the characteristics that the reducing fertilizer of the present invention generally has will be described below.
Usually, the redox potential of eukaryotes that breathe is around -180 mV. Since the reducing fertilizer of the present invention contains many components having a low redox potential, it has excellent affinity with cells constituting plants and the like, and components such as phosphoric acid and / or potassium have been confirmed to be effective so far. The yeast-derived component that has been used can be effectively acted on plants and the like. Moreover, in the reducing fertilizer of the present invention, since it has a lower redox potential even when compared with yeast or yeast components that have undergone a hydrothermal reaction, and a simple mixture of phosphoric acid and / or potassium, The effectiveness of these components can be further improved.

The present invention increases the storage nutrient of a deciduous fruit tree and a drug that suppresses post-harvest defoliation in a deciduous fruit tree obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast and phosphoric acid and / or potassium. Also related to drugs. The manufacturing method of these chemical | medical agents can be performed according to the method demonstrated in the item of [reducible fertilizer].

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to the Example shown below at all.

<Manufacturing example; Manufacture of reducing fertilizer>
After adding 143.6 g of distilled water to a magnetically stirred hydrothermal reactor, 25.4 g of yeast cell wall, 16.2 g of 85% phosphoric acid as phosphoric acid, and 14.8 g of potassium sulfate as potassium were added. After closing the lid and stirring and mixing, the gas phase was replaced with nitrogen gas, and the temperature was raised. A reducing fertilizer was obtained by treatment for 10 minutes under conditions of a pressure of 1.6 MPa or more and a temperature of 180 ° C.

<Example 1>
In Yamagata Prefecture, a comparative test of deciduous leaves of the cherry cultivar “Sato Nishiki” was conducted in the treated and non-treated areas of the fertilizer application of reducing fertilizer. In the treated area, after physiological fall, once in the beginning of June, one week before harvest, the fertilizer is sprayed with a 1000-fold dilution of the reducing fertilizer of the production example (solid content concentration 0.015%) to reduce it. Fertilizer was applied to the cherries. The cherries were harvested from early June to early July. The investigation of fallen leaves was performed by selecting branches with about 200 leaves, measuring the number of leaves immediately after harvesting and 4 months after harvesting, and calculating the fallen leaf rate.
For the harvested cherries, there was no difference in harvest weight or quality between the treated and untreated areas. Regarding the leaf fall rate, the treated area was 14.4%, while the untreated area was 35.0%. The photograph of the branch of a process area and a non-process area is shown in FIG. From this result, it was shown that the fallen leaves after harvesting were suppressed by spraying the reducing fertilizer on the cherries which are deciduous fruit trees.

　数値は平均値±Ｓ．Ｄ．
　リンゴ及びモモの処理区の数値は非処理区に対してｐ＜０．０１で有意差あり（ｔ検定） <Example 2>
In Yamagata Prefecture, a comparative test of the chlorophyll increase effect of peach cultivar “Date white peach” and apple cultivar “Tsugaru” was conducted in the treated area and the non-treated area by foliar spraying of reducing fertilizer in the production example. In the treated area, after fruit fall, peach is once in July 1 week before harvesting, apple is once in August 4 weeks before harvesting, 1000 times dilute solution of reducing fertilizer of production example (solid content concentration) The reducing fertilizer was applied to peaches and apples by spraying 0.015%). The peach was harvested in July and the apple was harvested in September. In November, after harvesting, 20 leaves of peaches and apples remaining on the branches at the approximate height are collected and the SPAD ground is collected using a chlorophyll meter ("SPAD-502" manufactured by Konica Minolta). By measuring, the increase in chlorophyll was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 SPAD values of untreated and treated areas

Numerical values are average values ± S. D.
The numerical values for the apple and peach treated groups are significantly different at p <0.01 compared to the untreated group (t test)

As is apparent from Table 1, it was shown that the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves after harvesting was increased by applying reducing fertilizer to peaches and apples, which are deciduous fruit trees, by foliar application. This result suggests an increase in the amount of photosynthesis after harvesting, and suggests that more anabolic nutrients were stored in the trunks and roots as storage nutrients after harvesting.

　数値は平均値±Ｓ．Ｄ．
　リンゴの有機態窒素含有量及び硝酸態窒素含有量の処理区の数値は非処理区に対してｐ＜０．０１で有意差あり（ｔ検定） <Example 3>
In Yamagata Prefecture, in the peach variety “Date white peach” and in Aomori Prefecture, a test to confirm the increase in stored nutrients in the leaves of the apple variety “Fuji” was conducted. The comparison was made with the treatment area. In the treatment area, after the fall of the period, the peach is once in late June and once in July, one week before harvest, and the apple is once in late August, in September, six weeks before harvest. A 1000-fold diluted solution of the reducing fertilizer of the production example (solid content concentration 0.015%) was sprayed on the foliage twice, once in the beginning. The peach was harvested in July and the apple was harvested in October. At the end of November after harvest, for each of peaches and apples, 20 leaves of roughly the same height that remain on the branches are collected, and the organic nitrogen content in the leaves (amino acid and protein) Total) and nitrate nitrogen content.
The organic nitrogen content was determined according to a simple analysis method using a color reaction of amino acids by ninhydrin (Takumi Oyama, Experimental Plant Nutrition, p.181-182 (1990)). The nitrate nitrogen content was measured using a reflection photometer (manufactured by Fujiwara Seisakusho, RQ Flex Plus). The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Organic nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content in untreated and treated areas

Numerical values are average values ± S. D.
The value of the organic nitrogen content and the nitrate nitrogen content of the apple treated group is significantly different at p <0.01 compared to the untreated group (t test)

The harvest weight and quality of peach and apple did not differ between the treated and non-treated areas. As shown in Table 2, the organic nitrogen content of the peach and the apple showed a higher value in the treated sample than in the non-treated sample. On the other hand, the nitrate nitrogen content is less in the treated area than in the untreated area, and by bringing the reducing fertilizer into contact with the deciduous fruit tree, undigested nitrogen is efficiently converted to organic nitrogen. Was suggested. From the above, by applying reducing fertilizer to the leaves of deciduous fruit trees, it is possible to increase the stored nutrients in the leaves of both peaches and apples. It was predicted that it could increase.

<Example 4>
In Aomori Prefecture, a comparison test of the leaf fall rate after treatment with reducing fertilizer and the harvest weight of the following year was conducted as a confirmation test of the storage nutrient increase effect in apple variety “Tsugaru”. In the treated area, the leaf surface sprayed with a 1000-fold diluted solution of the reducing fertilizer of the production example (solid content concentration 0.015%) once in early September 2012, one week before harvesting, after the fruit fell. Harvesting took place in mid-September. In the fallen leaf survey, branches with about 200 leaves were selected, and the number of leaves was counted immediately after harvesting and 2 months after harvesting to calculate the fallen leaf rate.
The next year 2013 is a 1000-fold diluted solution of reducing fertilizer of production example (solid content concentration 0.015%) once in late August 2013, one week before harvesting, after physiological fruit fall in the same treatment area as the previous year The leaves were sprayed. Harvesting was carried out in early September, and a total of 18 M balls and L balls of standard size were randomly selected by visual observation, and the weight was measured. The results are shown in FIG.

There was no difference in the harvest weight in 2012 between the treated and untreated areas. The leaf fall rate after harvest was 13.5% in the treated area and 29.0% in the non-treated area. From this result, it was shown that the fallen leaves after harvesting were suppressed by foliar application of reducing fertilizer on apples.
As is clear from FIG. 2 showing the harvest weight in 2013, the harvest weight is 5090 g / 18 for the treated area and 4935 g / 18 for the non-treated area. More. Moreover, in the treated area, even when fruits of the same size were obtained, the weight of the fruits tended to increase.
Here, in 2013, flower buds were enriched and steadily grown in the early stage of growth and the flowering period from germination to the time of flowering, and there were few fallen leaves before harvesting.
Therefore, as a result of foliar spraying of reducing fertilizer in the treatment area, the fallen leaves after harvesting in 2012 were suppressed. As a result, the storage nutrients in the trunks and roots increased, and in 2013, the next year, flower buds were enriched and steady. It was inferred that this resulted in an increase in fruit weight.

Claims (8)

A method of applying to a plant a reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast and phosphoric acid and / or potassium,
A method comprising suppressing leaf fall after harvesting in a deciduous fruit tree by applying the reducing fertilizer to a leaf surface of a plant body that is a deciduous fruit tree between the start of physiological fruit fall and fruit harvesting. A method of applying to a plant a reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast and phosphoric acid and / or potassium,
The method includes increasing the storage nutrient of a deciduous fruit tree by applying the reducing fertilizer to a leaf surface of a plant that is a deciduous fruit tree between the start of physiological fruit dropping and fruit harvesting. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reducing fertilizer is applied to the leaf surface of a deciduous fruit tree by foliar spraying. The method according to claim 3, wherein the reducing fertilizer is sprayed on the foliage from 1 to 4 times during the period from the start of physiological fruit drop to fruit harvest. A reducing fertilizer obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium so that the solid content concentration is 0.0075 mass% or more and 0.15 mass% or less. The method of Claim 3 or 4 which dilutes and spreads a leaf surface. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the deciduous fruit tree is at least one selected from the group consisting of apple, pear, cherry, peach, ume, apricot, loquat, grape and prune. An agent for suppressing defoliation after harvesting in deciduous fruit trees, obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium. An agent that increases the storage nutrients of deciduous fruit trees obtained by hydrothermal reaction of yeast or a mixture of yeast components and phosphoric acid and / or potassium.

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