WO2015039674A1 - Method and device for use in the production of fibrous material - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to be able to simply transport starting material that is to be defibrated from the site of production to a processing location, it is proposed to press starting material of reduced size into briquettes (84), to assemble the briquettes (84) to form briquette stacks (112) and to again comminute the briquette stacks at a remote location of the fiber production to fragments and to mechanically and chemically decompose them in a decomposition station into individual fibers.

Description

 Method and device for use be

 Production of pulp

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing fibrous material according to the preamble of claim 20 and of claim 20. It further relates to a method for producing briquette which are used as an intermediate in such a method.

Pulp is made from organic plant material. The most important representatives of pulp are cell pulp, which is needed in large quantities for paper production.

The source material, usually lower quality trees or tree parts, often grows in places different from those of the

Fibrous mills are quite far away. Because the

 Trees or tree parts are irregularly shaped, they can be handled poorly automated. It is therefore common to crush the starting material in the vicinity of the place where it is grown, thereby obtaining a granular material, which can be transported easier as a flowable material.

However, the corresponding quantities of grains, which are then transported to the factory by ship or train, require a relatively large volume, since the individual fragments obtained during comminution have an irregular shape and are between these fragments

Spaces are areas that are not filled with material are .

By the present invention, therefore, a method for producing briquettes is to be specified, which allows a compact storage and optionally transporting the crushed starting material.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.

The process according to the invention gives briquettes which can later be used for the production of fibrous materials in which the comminuted starting material has a higher density than a granulated material which can be tightly packed and which is easy to handle by machine.

According to the invention, the starting material is first comminuted, as known per se. The crushed material is then pressed into briquettes, resulting in a significant reduction in volume. The briquettes have a uniform shape and can be assembled practically without gaps to form compact briquette stacks. These briquette stacks can then be transported in containers to the pulp mill. There you can find the briquettes of the briquette piles in rows, groups of

Lines, layers or groups of layers are removed and are decomposed by a crushing device back into the individual grains. At this disassembly then closes the actual unlocking of

Fibers, which usually comprises a mechanical step (grinding) and a chemical step (ligation of Ligmin). This makes it possible to protect the crushed material well from environmental influences, so that it does not rot over long storage times and even then can be further processed to good pulp.

The invention also makes it possible to simplify a transport of shredded fiber starting material from the place of growing to a pulp mill considerably, since less transport volume is required and the introduction of the shredded starting material in the transport volume is just as easy as the removal of the shredded starting material from the Transport volume.

In the method according to the invention, the comminuted starting material is dried, whereby already a volume reduction is obtained, which may be 40%. Then comes the volume reduction by compressing the dried material in a briquetting press.

By remaining in the material after drying residual heat briquetting is also a better cohesion of the material grains obtained.

Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention for producing briquettes are given in claims 2 to 19.

The development of the invention according to claim 2 is on the one hand in terms of reducing the weight of the briquettes of advantage, on the other hand serves to at least slightly heat the fiber binder (usually Ligmin) that it passes into a sticky state. By such drying is also a rotting of Briquette material is prevented over long periods of time, while granular material is no longer suitable for fiber production after a storage period of 2 to 3 months.

With the development of the invention according to claim 3, the comminuted starting material is heated in order to soften the binder contained in it (usually Ligmin or a similar organic binder) so far that during the subsequent compression de, r grains a solid compound of the grains to individual Digits arise, which then grow together the grains into a one-piece handle briquette.

According to claim 4 can be additionally provide that

those areas of the shredded material which later form a near-surface area of a briquette, are warmed up more than volume areas of the shredded material, which later on are inside

of the briquette. In this way you get for

the briquette is a load-bearing outer shell, which holds the inside of the briquette together, even if there the individual grains are not or only slightly connected by the growing together of lignin. Such a weaker cohesion of the grains inside the briquette is in view of re-shredding the briquette into grains with less robust comminution devices and with regard to low energy consumption

Re-mincing beneficial.

The development of the invention according to claim 5 is advantageous in terms of the near-surface

To heat areas of the individual grains again additionally. In the additional heater provided for this purpose you can use other heat sources, eg Radiant heater, or work with gaseous heating media higher temperature, which acts compared to the heater of the drying unit only a short time on the grains.

Targeted heating of those regions of comminuted starting material, which later form near-surface regions of the briquette, can be achieved in a simple manner by appropriately heating the walls of the mold of the briquetting unit (claim 6).

The development of the invention according to claim 7 is advantageous in terms of favorable fiber lengths of the ultimately produced pulp as well as the fact that you can compress the individual grains to save space, but still grow together only at limited contact surfaces between them grains.

The development of the invention according to claim 8 serves to introduce an additional amount of heat in the material, which is added to the amount of heat used for drying and makes the surface of the grains so sticky that they then grow together in the Brikettierstation.

When shredding fiber raw material with conventional crushers, which operate in the manner of milling cutters or shears, granules of different origin

Size that can be roughly defined by selecting the geometry of the knives and the use of sieves, but not very precisely. In this crushing always fractions of grains, which have relatively small diameter. Such comminuted grains are ultimately less interesting for the pulp, since their fibers are very short. Even with the dry handling of briquettes, there is a risk that very small grains will dissolve out and get into the environment as dust. According to claim 9, it is therefore proposed to intercept the fine fractions of the grains which are obtained during comminution, before they reach the briquetting unit. The thus deposited small grains can then be used on site in the production of process heat and are not useless transported to the hydrogen factory.

The separation of the fine grain fraction can be carried out according to claim 9 in a very simple manner.

Claim 10 involves the use of the fine grain fraction as fuel for generating process heat.

The development of the invention according to claim 11 is advantageous in terms of the smallest possible transport volume and also facilitates the machine removal of the briquettes from the transport volume for subsequent comminution.

The developments of the invention according to claims 12 to 17 are in view of a simple stacking of the briquettes in a transport volume of advantage.

With the development of the invention according to claim 18 it is achieved that support elements which carry the individual layers of briquettes each, at selected locations of their edges by handling means are gripped.

With the development of the invention according to claim 19 ensures that a bumpless succession of briquette layers, which together form a briquette strand can be continuously fed against a crushing nip of a crusher, which worries the re-crushing of the briquettes.

With the development of the invention according to claim 20 it is achieved that the moisture content of the briquettes does not change appreciably even with long storage and long transport. For the production of pulp from the briquetted material, it is important that the moisture content of the chips or particles recovered by crushing the briquettes is substantially the same often as in the manufacture of the briquettes. The briquettes may be provided with the moisture-barrier coating, individually or in groups become.

In the method according to claim 21, the briquettes themselves are not provided with a coating, but rather a common moisture barrier is used for a stack of briquettes.

With the development of the invention according to claim 22 it is achieved that on the one hand the desired moisture barrier is obtained, but at the same time the stack is mechanically stabilized. The briquettes are held together securely in the stack and do not fall out of the stack even when it is mechanically stressed or tilted.

According to the method of claim 23, a mechanically resilient flexible enclosure is used. This can take the form of stable tarpaulins. Even such a cover causes a moisture barrier and mechanically holds the stack together. But it can be used.

Also, the method according to claim 24 allows the reuse use of the envelope and Z.usamenhalten the stack.

According to claim 25, the enclosure consists of several

 Segments that can have simple geometry and are so compactly stackable and easy to transport. Nevertheless, the various segments are stably connectable to a wrapping surrounding a briquette stack.

The claim 26 relates to a method for manufacturing. of pulp, in which the parts of the plant, in which the fiber is broken up, do not have to be operated synchronously with the starting material.

In the process according to claim 27, the digestion of starting material may also be carried out at a location remote from the place where the starting material is recovered, also far away.

Claim 28 relates to a plant for implementing the method according to the invention.

Advantageous developments of the system according to the invention are specified in the claims 29 to 42.

The development of the invention according to claim 29 allows drying of the comminuted starting material into the core of the grains.

The development of the invention according to claim 30 is advantageous with regard to the formation of a loadable outer shell of the briquettes. In a plant according to claim 31, it is possible to raise the temperature of near-surface areas of the individual grains to a temperature,. which is higher than the temperature desired for drying the grains. In this way, the fiber binder becomes better tacky and flowable, which promotes stressful coalescence of the grains.

The development of the invention according to claim 32 is again with regard to a separation of fine grain fractions before briquetting advantageous.

With the development of the invention according to claim 33 is achieved that the small particle fractions are conveyed on simp ^¬ che manner to the process heat generator.

The plant according to claim 34 allows automatic stacking of the briquettes in layers and stacking of briquette layers.

With the development of the invention according to claim 35 ensures that a briquette as a whole can be handled easily.

Claim 36 discloses a device with which one can convert in a simple manner successively discharged from the Brikettiereinheit briquettes in a briquette line.

In a plant according to claim 37 is ensured by gravity, that the briquettes are always arranged in the desired orientation on the Reihensammeielement. By turning the Reihensammeielementes then the row formed on it by slipping 3 002829

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along one of the guide walls are placed on a collecting surface on which the individual briquette rows are put together to form a briquette. Such a collecting surface may for example be a support plate which is introduced together with the briquette layer in the transport volume.

The measure of claim 38 is in Honblick on a simple and rapid Zusammenammesteilen a briquette as advantageous as for the sliding of a briquette row on a Lagesammeielement.

The development of the invention according to claim 39 is advantageous in view of forcibly feeding the briquettes to a comminution device, which provides the comminution of the briquettes in grains. Due to the fact that the briquettes are fed to the comminuting device practically as a continuous space of material that is free of interspaces, a high throughput of this comminution device and a largely continuous loading of the drive motor of the same are obtained.

In a plant according to claim 40 can be two prepared under ^¬ schiedliche briquettes locations: a first Brikettart which forms the largest part of the Brikettpaketes, and a second, smaller generally-dimension de Brikettart which are placed at selected points of the edge of a Brikettlage to get between the

Briquette layers located support plates by a handling device to take.

In a plant according to claim 41, the single ^¬ NEN Brikettlagen can then stacked on top of one another automatically. Alternatively, one could also provide means of transport for the rows of briquettes and the briquette, which hold the individual briquettes by pressing them together in a firmer relative position. Such a device may comprise, for example, moving rungs through working cylinders which cooperate with the ends of a row of briquettes or with the briquettes of a briquette layer on the outside. In the system according to claim 42, the provision of a moisture barrier around the stack takes place directly behind the stacking station. Thus, the moisture content of the briquettes can be kept very well at the set value.

The invention will be explained below with reference to Ausführungsbei- play with reference near the drawing. FIG. 1 shows a first subassembly of a plant for producing fibrous materials, which is set up in the vicinity of the area in which the starting material is cultivated; Figure 2 shows a second part of a plant for the production of fibrous materials, which is placed in the area in which the fibers are needed;

Figure 3 is a schematic view of a unit for

 Forming briquette rows;

Figure 4 is a side view of the upper part of a

Briquette pile; Figure 5 is a plan view of the briquette stack of Figure 4 after removal of two upper support plates and the briquette layer lying between them; Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 6, wherein a

 marginal briquette has shortened briquettes in its center;

FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a packing station,

 in which a briquette stack is provided with a damp-proof wrapping;

Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a modified packing station, in which a briquette stack is provided with a moisture barrier surface layer; and

Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a further

 modified packing station, in which a briquette stack is enclosed in a box-shaped enclosure composed of several rigid segments.

In FIG. 1, denoted by 10 is a comminution station which has 12 pieces of wood via a first conveyor 12

 14, which are shown schematically as beam-like pieces of wood, but in reality may also comprise irregularly shaped pieces of wood, e.g. Billets, tree stumps and the like.

The crushing station 10 has a reservoir

16 for pieces of wood to be shredded 14, from which latter slip into a crushing gap, which is predetermined by two peripheral crushing rollers 18. 2829

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These run in opposite directions, so that

 Pull the pieces of wood 14 into the nip.

The crushing rollers 18 comprise over its outer surface protruding crushing tools, which in the

 Drawing are indicated only by their circle 20.

 To drive the two crushing rollers 18 is used

 an electric motor 22, which can also include a transmission '.

Behind the crushing rollers 18 are the pieces of wood

 14 crushed into chunks or grains, located in a sump 24 of a housing 26 of the crushing station

 Collect 10. The corresponding pourable mass is

denoted by 28.

About a second conveyor 30 is the crushed

Mass 28 promoted to the inlet of a drying station 38.

This comprises a circulating drying drum 40, in which the grains of the mass 28 under gravity down

slip. The drying drum 40 is shown

Embodiment countercurrently charged with hot air, which is provided by a heater 42, via a fan 44, which by an electric motor 46th

is driven, to be heated air is supplied.

The inlet of the blower 44 is connected to a return line 48 of the drying station 38.

In the embodiment considered here, the heating register 42 is equipped with a burner, which is not shown in detail and the via a line 50 a not usable for fiber extraction fraction of the mass

28 is supplied, which has too small Korngörße. These are in practice grains with an average well below 5 mm, which would be called sawdust or flour.

In order to deposit this small diameter fraction of the mass 28, the conveyor 30 comprises an upper wire mesh made conveyor belt 52 which is permeable to the small grains but not to the larger grains. Under the conveyor belt 52 runs a through-opening free, continuous conveyor belt 54, on which the small diameter having

Fraction of mass 28 falls. The conveyor belt 54 is connected to the conduit 50, as indicated by a dot-dash line 56.

The residence time in the drying station 38 and the tempera ture of the air discharged from the heater 42 are selected so that the grains of the mass 28 are dried to a mean residual moisture of less than 30%, preferably less than 25%, preferably less than 20%, wherein a residual moisture of 10 to 15% is preferred.

Typical drying temperatures are in the range of

60 to 80 °.

Via a third conveyor 58 is the dried

Mass 28 is guided into a surface heating unit 60, in which high temperature heat briefly acts on the grains of the mass 28, so that the surface near areas of the grains are strongly heated, while the core of the grains changes its temperature only insignificantly.

The temperature set in the surface heating unit is in the range of 10 to 20 degrees above the glass transition point of lignin. By the treatment in the surface heating unit

 60 the surfaces of the grains become sticky, so that they can be baked in a press to a coherent mass.

The mass 28, whose grains have been reheated superficially in the surface heating unit 60, is conveyed via a further conveyor 62 to a pressing station 64.

Specifically, the conveyors 58 and 62 are constructed like the conveyor 52 and each include an upper one

 sieving conveyor and a lower unacceptable conveyor for removing small grains.

The latter has a mold 66 with a pressing cylinder 68. In the upper portion of the pressing cylinder 68, an insertion bevel 70 is formed.

The lower end of the pressing cylinder 68 is replaced by a

Slider 72 closable, which is movable by a Arbeitszy ^¬ cylinder 74 between two end positions: In the working position shown in the drawing, the slider 72 closes the lower end of the pressing cylinder 68. In a dispensing position, the slider 72 is moved in Figure 1 to the right, so that a through opening 76 provided in it is a smooth continuation of the surface of the pressing cylinder 68.

In the lower end portion of the mold 66 is a continuation 78 of the pressing cylinder 68th

In the pressing cylinder 78 is a matching piston 80th

displaceable, which is moved by a working cylinder 82. The pressing station 64 shown in FIG. 1 operates as follows:

At the beginning of a cycle is dried at the end of the conveyor 62 and reheated on the grain surfaces

 Grain material on the insertion bevel 70 in the press cylinder 68 given. After a predetermined period of time or after detection of a predetermined filling level by a sensor 83 in the pressing cylinder 68 of the working cylinder 68 is set in motion, whereby the piston 80 in

 Pressing cylinder 68 is retracted.

This retraction of the piston 80 takes place until one of the following conditions is fulfilled: a) The pressure in the working cylinder 82 has reached a predetermined minimum value and the piston 80 has a

 predetermined lower end position reached, which is reported by a sensor 85. b) The pressure in the working cylinder 82 has exceeded a predetermined upper limit.

By this type of control of the piston 80 is achieved that in the pressing station 64 briquettes 84 are generated, which have predetermined dimensions: A longitudinal dimension, the lower end position of the piston 80 above the

Slider 72 corresponds, a width (in Figure 1: dimension in the horizontal direction), and a height (in Figure 1

Direction perpendicular to the plane), which corresponds to the right ^¬ angular cross-section of the pressing cylinder 68.

Irregularities in the feed by the conveyor 62 and previous parts of the system thus affect primarily the density variations of the generated

 Briquettes 84 and not on dimensional changes of the briquettes.

If the switch-off takes place according to the criterion b) mentioned above, the briquette has excess length in the longitudinal direction.

 Such briquettes are passed through a pressing station

 64 downstream switch 86 given to a discharge line 88.

The briquettes provided on this line with

Overlength in the longitudinal direction can either be collected in a special container in an irregular arrangement and shipped. Alternatively, you can also supply the excess briquettes the heating coil 42 and use there to heat the dry air.

To the controllable wheat 86, a second pressing station 90 is further connected, which has the same structure as the pressing station 64, so that they need not be described in detail.

The pressing station 90 differs from the pressing station 64 in that it briquettes with reduced

Length produces.

Shorter briquettes produced by the pressing station 90 are inserted at predetermined time intervals between the briquettes produced by the pressing station 64, as will be described in more detail later.

A conveyor located between the pressing station

64 and the switch 86 extends, is designated 92. The output of the switch 86 is connected via a further conveyor 94 to the input of a heat exchanger 96. This is supplied via a schematically illustrated blower 98 air, which may be sucked from the environment.

Alternatively, one may also interrupt the return line 48 and connect the end coming from the drying station 38 to the inlet of the blower 98, while connecting the outlet of the blower 98 to the blower 44 connected part of the return line 48. An outlet 100 of the heat exchanger 96 is then connected to the return line 48.

On the size of the heat exchanger 96 and the speed of the air moved through it, one can adjust the cooling rate of the conveyed through the heat exchanger 96 briquettes. These sizes are selected so that at the outlet of the heat exchanger 96, the near-surface regions of the briquettes are cooled down so far that the lignin together with grains of the crushed material has a solid

Cup of briquettes forms.

The output of the heat exchanger 96 is connected via a further conveyor 102 with a total of 104 designated

Stacking station 104 connected.

This comprises a row forming unit 106 which assembles a group of a predetermined number of briquettes. This happens in the end similar, as with the

Conversion of serial data into data in parallel representation. The output of the row forming unit 106 is connected to a layer forming unit 108 which successively sets a predetermined number of rows of briquettes 118 in succession, thus producing a briquette layer 114. The output of the layer forming unit is connected to the input of a stack forming unit 110 which superimposes successively produced briquette layers 114.

A corresponding briquette stack is included in FIG

 112 shown.

It can be seen two briquette layers 114i, 114i-l, which are separated by a support plate 116i.

Within the briquette layers four rows of briquettes 118-1 to 118-4 are shown.

For better clarity, only two briquette layers are shown in FIG. 1, each of which comprises only eight briquettes. In practice, the briquette stack has dimensions that correspond to the internal dimensions of a container, which is indicated by dashed lines in Figure 1 at 20 below.

To the support plates 116i with the supported from the inside

To 114i handle Brikettlagen, the support ^¬ plates 116 may each be provided with lateral projections 122nd

In Figure 1, at 124-1, a first portion of a

Conveyor 124 shown on which the containers 120 are conveyed to a second part of the plant, in which the conversion of the briquettes takes place in pulp. 2829

 - 20 -

A second section 124-11 of the conveyor 124 is shown in the left part of Figure 2. One recognizes there also an arriving container 120.

The conveyor 124 is realized in practice by vehicles which transport the containers 120. These vehicles may be lorries, trains or ships.

The downstream end of the conveyor 124 is connected to the inlet of a strand forming station 126.

This has a layer removal unit 128, which in each case a layer 114 decreases from the upper end of a briquette stack 104. The layer removal unit 128 deposits the removed layers on a conveyor 130, which conveys the layers to a briquette comminution unit 132. It works the

Layer removal unit 128 so that it is composed of successive layers to a shock-free ply strand 134, which is pushed on a continuous support surface 136 on.

In the strand formation station 126, the briquette layer 114 shown there is shown twisted by 90 ° relative to reality in order to better represent the briquette layer 114.

The briquette crushing unit 132 has two counter-rotating crushing rollers 138, which are driven in opposite directions by an electric motor 142 and meshing sprockets of the crushing rollers 138, so that the briquette string 134 gets into the crushing gap formed between the crushing rollers 138, 140. 2829

 - 21 -

Flight circles of crushing blades of the crushing rollers 138 are indicated at 140.

For a zwansgeweises delivery of the briquette strand 134 to the crushing rollers 138, a conveyor unit 144 is provided, which cooperates with the top of the strand. It comprises an endless conveyor belt 145, which is equipped with spikes 146, which press into the strand top.

The crushing rollers 138 destroy the hard shell of the briquettes 84 and separate the grains in the volume of the briquettes. In addition, minor comminution of the individual grains takes place to a lesser extent.

The re-shredded pulp falls into a sump 148 of a casing 150 of the briquette crusher 132. There, the separated grains are taken over by a conveyor 152, which feeds them to a grinding unit 154 where the wood is broken down into fine longer wood fibers which may look similar to spears , Details of corresponding machines (grinders, refiners) are known to those skilled in the art and need not be described in detail here.

The fine long wood fibers are conveyed by another conveyor 156 to a chemical pulper 158. In this, the fine wood fibers are treated with acid or other suitable means for removing ligmin, so that at the outlet of the opening unit 158 a fiber stream is obtained, which is discharged via a line 160. 02829

 - 22 -

The conduit 160 may be connected to the pulp inlet of a paper machine where the pulp is fed onto and dried on a wire net.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a row formation unit 106.

This row forming unit has a guide trough

 162, which has a guide wall 164 on the right in FIG. 3, a guide wall 166 perpendicular thereto and an end wall 168 which lies behind the plane of the drawing. The guide groove 162 is open in its overlying the sign portion and receives from there

Briquettes 84, which are discharged from the heat exchanger 96.

The guide groove 162 carries at its ends tabs 170, which are connected to a tilting shaft 172.

The tilting shaft 172 is driven by an electric motor 174, the housing is arranged fixed to the frame.

Over the top of the guide wall 164, the guide wall 166 is movable in a direction perpendicular to the guide wall 164 orientation. For this purpose, guide ^rods are not shown in detail in the drawing, which run parallel to the guide wall ^¬ 164.

Driving the guide wall 166 is connected to a linear ^¬ motor 176, which is shown as a working cylinder. The housing is rigidly connected with the guide wall 164, as angedeu ^¬ tet by a broken line 178th The output part of the linear motor 176 is connected to the Guide wall 166 connected, as indicated by a dashed line 180.

On the guide trough 162 one behind the other four briquettes 84 are shown. The foremost briquette of the series abuts the end wall 68.

Is a predetermined number of briquettes 84 on the

 Guide channel 182 has been pushed, which can be done by counting the clocks of the pressing station 64, the guide wall 164 is pivoted together with the guide wall 166 and the linear motor 174 in the drawing by 45 ° clockwise, whereby the guide wall 164 comes into a position with them a support plate 116 is aligned, which sits on feet 182 on the top of a machine bed 188 of the row forming unit 106. On the support plate 116 is still the rearmost end of a previously stored briquette 114j-l can be seen.

After accomplished by the electric motor 174

Swiveling the guide groove 162 in the direction indicated by dashed lines in Figure 3 Endladestellung, the linear motor 176 is energized so that of the guide trough

182 held briquette row 114j is pushed onto the support plate 116, whereby at the same time by this movement, the already on this briquette rows are pushed on by a division (here: width of a briquette).

Thereafter, the linear motor 176 is inserted, so that the guide wall 166 again comes to rest above the left in Figure 3 located end of the guide wall 164.

Thereafter, the guide groove 162 by corresponding excitation of the electric motor 174 again in the in FIG SamtnelStellung 3 shown moved back ^'in which the two guide walls 164, 166 are inclined at +/- 45 ° to the horizontal.

If the last row of briquettes is pushed onto a support plate 116, the support plate 116 is gripped by the stack formation unit 110 on the projections 122 provided on it and placed flush on already produced layers.

Thereafter, an empty support plate 116 is placed on the feet 186 by a robot not shown in detail.

Provided on the clear contour of the briquette stack 112 formed by briquette layers 114 and intermediate support plates 116 protruding projections 122, 114 recesses can provide in selected edge regions of the briquette layers, so as to gain access to an edge region of the support plate, which attack a hoist can.

A first possibility for this is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

For the first and last row of a briquette

114, a briquette is provided less. A corresponding shortened briquette row is designated 114 * in FIGS. 4 and 5. By a centering means not shown in detail that the verkürz ^¬ te Brikettreihe 114 * disposed symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane of the support plate 116 is ensured. One then obtains in the corner areas fields, each corresponding to half the size of a briquette 84 and in which the support plate 116 is freely accessible. Because the shortened briquette rows 114 * are equally provided in all briquette layers 114, one obtains in each case at the corners of a layer access for a gripping means of a hoist.

The loss of disk space that way in

 Purchase is small compared to the overall capacity of a support plate 116.

The ratios are shown in more detail in Figures 4 and 5, wherein in the left half an end view of the finished briquette stack 112 is reproduced, while in the right half of Figure 4, the shortened marginal Brikettreihe 118 is removed.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5, but with two briquettes 84 * having longitudinally reduced dimensions used to provide free access to an edge region of a support plate 116 in the middle of the briquette brim 114.

Since the marginal briquette row 114 is likewise provided in the various briquette layers 116, it is possible to grasp the overlapping support plates 116 at equivalent points and to place them on a briquette stack 112 that is being built or to remove it from a finished briquette stack 112.

If one chooses the number of briquettes 84 forming a row odd, then it is sufficient if only one briquette 84 * is provided at the middle of the row.

The production of the briquettes 84 * can in principle also be done in the pressing station 90, wherein one of these

Special briquettes then the amount of grain mass EP2013 / 002829

 - 26 -

reduced accordingly and shifted the end position of the piston 80 by the desired reduction of the briquette length down. In this way, the briquette then apart from the different length has the same properties as the normal briquettes.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible to provide the second pressing station 90, as explained above, which has the advantage that the pressing station always operates under the same operating conditions.

From the above description of embodiments, it is apparent that the invention provides a possibility, feeds shredded fiber raw material over long distances with low space requirements, the introduction of the briquettes in a transport container and the removal of briquettes from a transport container easy and can be automated.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a packing station 190 in which a briquette stack 112 is provided with a wetting-impermeable wrapper, which is denoted overall by 192. In the embodiment of FIG

Figure 7 comprises the wrap shrink film material which is available on rolls as continuous material.

Before the briquette stack 112 has been assembled on a pallet 194 with a continuous plate, a shrink-film piece 196 has been placed on the upper side, on which the individual briquettes have then been deposited. The length of the shrink film piece 196 is dimensioned so that in addition to a portion 196-1, which covers the underside of the briquette stack 112, still lateral portions 196-2 remain, which are placed against the lower portions of the side walls of the briquette stack 112.

Accordingly, the top of the briquette stack 112 is covered by a shrink film piece 198, which again has greater length than the dimension of the briquette stack 112 corresponds perpendicular to the plane of Figure 7. The shrink film piece thus has a portion 198-1 which covers the top of the briquette stack 112 and side portions 198-2 which are laid over side surfaces of the briquette stack.

Another shrink film piece 200 is being unwound from a supply roll 202. A section 200-1 is already applied to the side surface of the briquette stack 112 on the right in FIG.

As indicated in the drawing by an arrow 204, the supply roll 202 is further guided around the briquette stack 112, until the front of the Bri ^¬ kettstapel is covered. Then the supply roll 202 is again guided over the side surface of the briquette stack located on the right in FIG.

After the side surfaces of the briquette stack 112 are so firmly surrounded by shrink film material, the shrink film is cut off and the briquette stack provided with the film layers is subjected to a hot air treatment, whereby the shrink film engages tightly under bias on the briquette stack 112. The ^¬ ser is thus securely held together.

It is understood that the briquette stack 112 can also be wrapped with a plurality of foil layers in order to nical stability of the briquette pile to further improve.

FIG. 8 shows another possibility of providing the briquette stack 112 with a moisture-barrier coating.

The briquette stack 112 now sits on the pallet 194 via a moisture-impermeable plate 204, which may be a sheet metal plate. A vertical nozzle tube 206 is movable around the peripheral surfaces of the briquette stack 112 according to an arrow 208 and sprayed with a film-forming material

Drying or curing a moisture barrier

Coating forms.

The film-forming material is selected to form a moisture barrier film after being dried or cured. For this purpose, a heat treatment or an irradiation of the sprayed film-forming material can be carried out, wherein for example, can be used also radiate infrared rays or ultraviolet rays or X-rays or electron ^¬, depending on the nature of the film-forming material.

For coating the top of the briquette stack 112, a nozzle tube 210 is provided, which is displaceable perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG

To provide top of the briquette stack 112 with a moisture-barrier coating.

In Figure 9, a further variant is shown how to prevent moisture loss of the briquette stack 112 even with a long storage time. 2013/002829

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The briquette stack 112 rests again over a moisture-impermeable plate 204 on top of a pallet 194.

A box-shaped enclosure 212 surrounds the peripheral surfaces and top surface of the briquette stack 112. It comprises box-shaped sections 214 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, which have a lower folded edge section 216 which engages a circumferential groove 218 of the plate of the pallet 194.

Front and rear sides of the briquette stack 112 are covered by plate-shaped box segments 220, which have a lower wall portion 222 which is also folded inwards and engages in the groove 218 of the pallet 194.

The box segments 214 extending perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 9 have the box segments

220 folded wall portions 224, which are provided at its free end with a raised edge 224-A. The Aufkantungen 224-A of the box segments 220 are parallel spaced from Aufkantschienen 226, which are welded onto the wall segments 220. In the 224-A upstand and the 226 upright rail, the ends are hard

Closing springs 228 suspended under bias, whereby the wall segments 216 and 218 are stably connected together. Instead of closing springs 228 you can also use other closing elements, eg. As buckles, latches or the like.

Over the upper ends of the wall segments 216, 220, a cover 230 is set, which with its peripheral wall, the upper ends of the box segments 214, 220 overlaps with little play.

Also in this way the briquette stack 112 is against

Moisture loss protected. However, the envelope of Figure 9 can be used multiple times and can be broken down into segments compact returned from a briquette customer to the briquette factory. The embodiment according to FIG. 9 can be modified by using, instead of rigid wall segments 214, 220, a resilient flexible material web which forms the peripheral wall of the envelope, and closes the upper side of the briquette stack 112 by a further material web piece which has edge portions under the circumferential direction running material web is inserted (or is wound) and by fastening means such as Velcro, double-adhesive tapes, a hoop or the like at the upper end of the briquette stack 112 or on the outside of the circumferentially extending web is set. Even such a cover can save space

for reuse of a briquette user for

Briquette factory will be sent back.

Claims

claims A process for producing briquettes for the production of pulp, comprising: a) crushing a fiber feedstock, characterized in that b) drying the comminuted feedstock, and c) briquetting the comminuted feedstock. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized  the comminuted starting material is dried to a residual moisture content of less than 30%, preferably less than 25%, preferably less than 20%, preferably to a residual moisture content of 10 to 15%. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the comminuted starting material before the Briquetting at least on its surface on one Temperature above the glass point of a fiber binder, e.g. Lignin, is preferably about 5 to 20 °, again preferably about 10 ° above the glass transition point. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized  that the heating of one in the later volume of a Briquette lying portion of the crushed starting material is smaller than in near-surface areas of the briquette later. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the later near-surface regions of the material to be briquetted volume is heated by an additional _ heat treatment to a higher temperature. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized  the additional heating takes place through heated walls of a press mold and / or a press ram. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized  characterized in that the comminuted starting material has an average particle size in the range of 0.5 to 5 cm, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 cm, preferably of about 2 cm. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized  that the shredded material is screened before briquetting. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized  the screening takes place by conveying on a conveyor designed as a sieve. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9 in conjunction with  one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that during sieving accumulating material of small grain size is used as fuel for generating process heat. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 characterized characterized in that the briquettes are packed bumplessly into a stack and this stack for comminuting in groups of layers, layers, groups of briquette rows or briquette rows is being mined. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the individual briquettes are assembled into a briquette row and that the briquette rows are placed as a whole on a collecting element. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the briquette rows successively in the same  Orientation run on a row collecting element and the latter emits briquette rows to a layer collecting element. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that a collecting element for delivering a briquette line is rotated about an axis which is perpendicular to the briquette conveying direction. 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the briquette row are moved by at least one movable guide wall of the row collecting element on the sheet collecting element. 16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the row collecting element and / or the layer collecting element has at least one effective stop in the feed direction. 17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the end regions of a briquette row have at least one region through which the edge of a support member is not covered, or that a briquette layer support member at least one projecting beyond the edge of the support member Has gripping means. 18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that at least one briquette of a terminal briquette row in the direction perpendicular to the row direction has smaller dimensions. 19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that at the other location successive briquette layers of the briquette stack are assembled into a continuous briquette layer strand. 20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the briquettes are provided with a moisture keitssperrenden wrapper. 21. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the stack is provided with a moisture barrier enclosure. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the envelope is at least partially made of hull film. 23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the envelope at least partially comprises a resilient flexible material. 24. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the envelope comprises at least partially rigid plate-shaped material. 25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the envelope consists of several segments, the closure means, preferably releasable Closure means are held together. 26. A method for producing pulp using briquettes, which were prepared in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the briquetted material is comminuted, and the comminuted briquetted material mechanically and / or chemically digested pulp becomes. 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the briquetted material is transported to another location and is crushed there. 28. Plant for producing pulp from a fiber starting material with a) a comminution station (10) for fiber starting material (14), b) a Aufschließstation (154, 158), in which zer ^¬ kleinerte starting material mechanically and / or is digested chemically into fibers, characterized in that c) to a heating station (38, 60) in which the comminuted starting material, heat is supplied, d) that it has a Brikettierstation (64; has 64, 90) on ^¬ which heated shredded starting material to briquettes (84), e) that they have a recycle station (132).  which shreds the briquettes (84) again and delivers them to the opening station (154, 158). 29. Plant according to claim 28, characterized  that the heating station (38, 60) has a continuous furnace (40), preferably a heating drum (40). 30. The method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that a pressing chamber (68, 80) of the briquetting station (64; 64, 90) has heated chamber walls. 31. Plant according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized  characterized in that the heating station (38, 60) has two sub-stations (38, 60), one of which  (38) a volume heating and the other (60) surface heating of the crushed starting material is used. 32. Plant according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized  characterized in that at least one conveying device (30) for moving the comminuted starting material to the pressing station (64) has at least one conveyor (52) whose conveying means is designed as a screen, preferably formed by a wire mesh. 33. Installation according to claim 32, characterized  that under the trained as a sieve conveyor (52) an impermeable further conveying means (54) is located. Plant according to one of claims 28 to 33, characterized characterized, by a the pressing station (64; 64, 90) downstream stacking station (104), in which the  Briquettes (84) are converted into a three-dimensional stack, which in turn is composed of briquette layers (114), which in turn comprise adjacent briquette rows (118). 35. Installation according to claim 34, characterized  the briquette layers (114) are each arranged on an associated support plate (116). 36. Plant according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the stacking station (110) has a row forming unit (110) which has at least two guide walls (164, 166) cooperating with the briquettes. 37. Plant according to claim 36, characterized  in that the row formation unit (106) has a guide groove (164, 166) which is pivotable (172) about an axis perpendicular to the row longitudinal direction. 38. Plant according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the row formation unit (106) has a  Slider (164) through which a briquette (118) on the sheet collecting element (116) is movable. 39. Plant according to one of claims 28 to 38, characterized  in that the comminution station (10) and / or the comminution station (132) has a A positioning device (144) comprising at least one conveying means (145) running at high friction on the material to be comminuted (134), eg a conveying means with spikes (146). A plant according to any one of claims 28 to 39, characterized in that the pressing station (60, 94) comprises two pressing units (60, 90) which produce briquettes of heated comminuted starting material differing in at least one dimension, with conveying paths for the two briquettes are brought together via a controllable switch (86). 41. Installation according to one of claims 28 to 46, characterized by a plate-shaped layer collecting element (116) on which successive briquette rows (118) are assembled into a briquette layer (114) and a stacking unit (106) overlying successive briquette layers (114) optionally supported by support plates (116). 42. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 36, marked ^¬ characterized by a stacking station downstream packing station, in which the stack is provided with a moisture-barrier coating.