WO2015083112A1 - Projectile gun piston - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to firearms and ammunition, and more particularly to pistons used in grenade launchers and other projectile devices operating on the countermass principle, and also in projectile devices of the recoilless type with gas resistance to recoil. Proposed is a piston for use in projectile devices that operate on the countermass principle and in projectile devices of the recoilless type with gas resistance to recoil, which is characterized in that it is partially or completely made from a porous material. The invention makes it possible to reduce the volume of the sound of a shot, enhance the effectiveness of the projectile device, increase the velocity of the ammunition, reduce the mass of the charge while retaining the same effectiveness as similar prior art cartridges, and also increase the safety in use of ammunition since the propellant gases exit the article via the through pores of the piston.

Description

 Throwing piston

Technical field

 The invention relates to firearms and ammunition, in particular to pistons used in grenade launchers and other throwing devices, in particular throwing devices operating on the basis of the anti-mass principle, as well as throwback throwing devices with gas counteraction to recoil. State of the art

 In firearms and pneumatic weapons, such a principle of silencing is known as cutting off the powder gases of a shot. This principle is based on the overlapping of the bore of the barrel or barrel of the liner with a piston following the bore of the barrel or the inner surface of the sleeve after the bullet. After the bullet leaves the barrel or leaves the cartridge case, the piston stops in the muzzle narrowing or narrowing of the cartridge case, locking the gas pushing projectile in the barrel or cartridge case under residual pressure. Since the gases of the shot do not enter the atmosphere and do not expand in it, the sound of the shot is practically absent.

 The principle of locking powder gases inside the liner is based on the construction of a whole series of samples of silent weapons, for example, a 30-mm silent barrel grenade launcher, a S-4M double-barrel silent pistol, and a No-58 silent project mortar. In Belgium, the Jet silent portable weapon system was developed Shot ", which includes: single-barrel mortar, disposable mortar, 12-barrel grenade launcher.

 Known grenade launcher, designed as a 67-mm single-arm anti-tank grenade launcher (RPG) "Armbrust" (Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm GmbH - hjXp _; // world, guns.ra ^

r. html), which works on the principle of a starting powder spring, compressed between two pistons in the central part of the barrel, and a shot from it is not accompanied by sound and flame formation. When fired, the capsule ignites the powder charge, the gases formed push the pistons tightly fitted to the barrel walls. The front piston pushes the feathered grenade, and the rear compresses the synthetic filler, which absorbs part of the energy of the gases. Having compressed, the filler flies out of the barrel from the breech, but in the air it quickly loses speed and crumbles behind the grenade launcher. Since the mass of the grenade and the filler are equal, the grenade launcher does not experience recoil. Since the pistons are locked at the sections of the barrel, the shot is virtually silent and flameless. Shooting RPG is hot.

 The main disadvantage of the known devices is that the piston-obturator prevents the breakthrough of powder gases, which remain in the device under high pressure. In addition, there is a need to increase the efficiency of known devices.

Disclosure of the invention

 The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known technical solutions.

 The essence of the invention lies in the modification of the piston used in throwing devices operating on the principle of anti-mass and throw-away throwing devices with gas counteraction to recoil. According to the invention it is proposed to use a piston made of porous material. In contrast to the known ones, the proposed piston at the time of shot through the through pores passes part of the powder gases, which also contribute to the expulsion of the ammunition, and after the ammunition leaves the barrel, it enters the environment.

The application of the invention allows to reduce the sound volume of the shot, increase the efficiency of the propelling device, increase the flight speed of the ammunition, reduce the mass of the charge at the same efficiency in the case of comparison with similar previous solutions, and also increases the safety of the use of ammunition, because powder gases leave the product through the through pores of the piston. Brief Description of the Drawings

 FIG. 1 is a General view of a longitudinal section of a mortar,

 FIG. 2 is a General view of a longitudinal section of a single-action anti-tank grenade launcher of the type "Armbrust",

 FIG. ZA-E - examples of through pores (channels) in the piston intended for gas outflow, where ZA - pores obtained by sintering dendritic powders, ЗВ - channels obtained by connecting two through holes made at different angles on both sides of the piston element, ЗС - channels obtained by connecting two through holes made at different angles on both sides of the piston element, 3D - pores obtained by sintering of spherical powders, ZE - channels of through holes.

 The following notation is used on the presented figures: 1 - piston, 2 - ammunition (for example, a mine or a feathered grenade), 3 - propellant composition, 4 - capsule, 5 - body, 6 - guiding rod of the launching device, 7 - counterweight.

According to the invention, the piston (in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is indicated by 1), used in anti-mass throwing devices and recoilless throwing devices with gas anti-rollback, are partially or completely made of through-pore material (i.e. open cell material). The open pore communicates with the surfaces of the porous body and participates in gas filtration in the presence of a pressure gradient on the porous body. In addition, the piston may be partially or completely made of a material having both through and dead-end pores (i.e., pores communicating with only one surface of the porous body). Dead end is not involved in filtering gas, but contributes to the reflection and swirl of the flow, which leads to the loss of energy of the powder gases.

 The porous material may be based on metal powders (spherical, drop-like, spongy), dendritic powders, metallic hollow or solid particles, or a combination of the aforementioned porous materials. A piston or parts thereof (elements) made of such a porous material are gas permeable and sound absorbing.

 In order to control the permeability of the powder gases through the piston 1 or its parts, the piston 1 or its parts can be made with differentiated porosity. Using differentiated porosity, it is possible to control both the rate of penetration of powder gases through the piston 1 and their direction of penetration.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the piston bottom 1 in contact with the bottom of the munition 2 is made of perforated material, and the rest of the piston 1 is made of non-permeable material with a through porosity of less than 10% or non-porous material.

 The bottom of the piston 1 in contact with the bottom of the munition 2 can be made of two or more layers of porous material with different through porosities of the said layers.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the piston bottom 1 is made of two layers and a through-pore material, the lower layer in contact with the propellant being made of through-pore material with a porosity of from 20 to 45%, preferably from 40 to 45%, and the upper layer, in contact with the bottom of the munition 2 or in close proximity to it is made of through-porous material with porosity from 10 to 55%, preferably from 17 to 55%, with a ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2. The bottom of the piston 1 can be partially or completely made of a material that does not have through pores, but in which through holes are made that perform the function of through pores. Also, the material of the piston bottom 1 may contain non-through cavities that perform the function of dead-end pores. Through holes may be as shown in FIG. ZA - irregular shape, ЗВ-ЗС - at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the piston bottom 1, coinciding with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the gun barrel (or at an oblique angle to the normal to the surface of the piston bottom), ЗЕ - parallel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the piston bottom 1, matching with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the gun barrel. The channels of the through holes can have a broken shape, obtained, for example, by connecting the channels of two through holes made at different angles on both sides of the piston bottom 1 (Fig. 3B).

 According to another embodiment of the invention, the piston bottom 1, which is in contact with or in the immediate vicinity of the bottom part of the munition 2, is made of two or more layers of material provided with openings that perform the function of through pores, the openings in each of the layers having a different diameter. For example, the diameter of the holes of the lower layer in contact with the propellant composition 3 can be from 3000 to 600 μm, and the diameter of the holes of the upper layer in contact with the bottom of the munition 2 or in close proximity to it is from 600 to 50 μm, with a height ratio lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

When the propellant 3 ignites after actuation of the gun, the piston 1 moves towards the munition 2. The piston 1 and the powder gases penetrating through the through pores of the piston bottom 1 act on the bottom of the munition 2 until it leaves the gun barrel. Due to technological irregularities of the pore channels, as well as due to dead-end pores, powder gases lose energy and transfer temperature to the piston 1. The penetration of gases through the bottom of the piston 1 occurs with a slight delay in time. This reduces the volume of the sound of the shot and reduces the output of fire. At the same time, the powder gases discharged through the pores of the piston 1 continue to exert pressure on the munition 2 escaping from the barrel, preventing the discharge of air generated and increasing as the munition passes through the barrel in the area between the piston 1 and the munition 2. This prevents additional sound at the moment of leaving the munition barrel 2 and a decrease in the velocity of the munition 2.

 According to an embodiment of the proposed invention, a manual anti-tank grenade launcher of a known design operating on the principle of anti-mass (Fig. 2) contains two pistons 1: one designed to affect the ammunition, and the second on the counterweight, and at least one of the stub 1 is made according to the foregoing description (paragraphs 1-11 of the claims).

 If the proposed piston is used in grenade launchers designed according to the type of single-use anti-tank grenade launcher “Armbrust”, the mass can be reduced. And in the case of using both the front and rear through-porous pistons, it is possible to reduce the counter mass and increase the initial speed of the cumulative grenade, leaving the sound in the pre-controlled range, while ensuring flamelessness, the shot RPG will not be heated, and shooting will still be possible from close premises.

Claims

Claim 1. The piston used in throwing devices operating on the principle of anti-mass and throw-away throwing devices with gas counteraction to kickback, characterized in that it is partially or completely made of porous material. 2. The piston according to claim 1, characterized in that it is partially or completely made of through-porous material or material containing both through and dead-end pores. 3. A piston according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is partially or completely made of porous material based on metal powders, dendritic powders, metal hollow particles, or a combination of the aforementioned porous materials. 4. A piston according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that its bottom is made of two or more layers of porous material with different porosity of the said layers. 5. A piston according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that its bottom is made of through-pore material, and the rest of the piston is made of material that does not have through pores or with a through porosity of less than 10%. 6. A piston according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that its bottom is made of two layers of porous material, moreover, the lower layer in contact with the propellant is made of porous material with a porosity of from 20 to 45%, preferably 40-45%, and the upper layer in contact with the bottom of the munition or located in close proximity to it is made of through-porous material with porosity from 10 to 55%, preferably 17-55%, with a ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2. 7. The piston according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that its bottom is partially or completely made of a material that does not have through pores, but in which through holes are made that perform the function of through pores; optionally also non-through cavities that perform the function of dead-end pores. 8. The piston according to claim 7, characterized in that its bottom is made of two or more layers of material equipped with holes that perform the function of through pores, the holes in each of the layers having a different diameter. 9. The piston according to claim 8, characterized in that the diameter of the holes of the lower layer in contact with the propellant composition is from 3000 to 600 μm, and the diameter of the holes of the upper layer in contact with the bottom of the munition or in the immediate vicinity is from 600 to 50 microns, with a ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2. 10. The piston according to any one of paragraphs 7-9, characterized in that the through holes are made at right angles and / or at an oblique angle to the normal to the surface of the piston crown. 11. The piston according to any one of paragraphs 7-10, characterized in that the channels of the through holes have a broken shape. 12. Mortar or grenade launcher, characterized in that it contains a piston according to any one of paragraphs 1-11. 13. A manual anti-tank grenade launcher operating on the principle of anti-mass and containing two pistons: one designed to exert impact on the ammunition, and the second on the counterweight, characterized in that at least one of the mallets is made according to any one of paragraphs 1-11.