RU2229090C1 - Ammunition for grenade launcher (modifications) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition for subbarel grenade launchers, which are fastened under the barrel of the AKM, AK-74 Kalashnikov submachine guns, etc. SUBSTANCE: the ammunition for the grenade launcher consists of two individual modules: the warhead and the propellant part interconnected at the end face by an adhesive composition. The propellant part is so made that after propelling of the warhead the powder gases of the propellant charge are cut off. The process propelling of the warhead proper is accomplished by means of an intermediate member a cylindrical metal rod with a flat front end face. According to the first modification, the propellant part is made in the form of a thin-walled cylindrical body of the combustion chamber, in which a central axial passage with a contraction at the front end face is made. The passage accommodates a cylindrical metal rod with a diameter equal to the diameter of contraction, whose front flat end face rests on the bottom of the warhead, and a blank cartridge having a cartridge case, flash igniter and a propellant powder charge. A wad-piston with an obturation side surface and a recess on the side of the propellant powder charge is positioned between the propellant powder charge and the cylindrical metal rod. A cover with an outer profile for the barrel prechamber is installed in the tail section of the combustion chamber body, with an intermediate firing pin located on its bottom. According to the second modification. According the second modification, the propellant part is made in the form of a cylindrical adapter, in which a central axial shaped passage for a standard noiseless cartridge with a bottleneck cartridge case is made. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of hitting of personnel open-positioned or being behind natural features due to provision of noiseless projection of the grenade warhead. 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition for under-barrel grenade launchers that are mounted under the barrel of AKM, AK-74 Kalashnikov assault rifles, etc. The invention is intended primarily for the defeat of openly located or located in open trenches and beyond the natural folds of the area of manpower.

A unitary artillery cartridge is known that contains a sleeve, a warhead mounted in the ledge of the sleeve in the form of a fragmentation grenade with a leading belt, located in the sleeve: an igniter capsule, a combustion chamber in which a propellant powder charge is enclosed, closed by a perforated horizontal diaphragm with a membrane, and a gasket as well as a receiver formed by a bottom slice of a grenade and a membrane (RF patent No. 2087837, IPC 6 F 42 B 5/02, 08/20/97). When firing, the products of combustion of the propellant charge of the cartridge expire in the receiver and under their pressure, the warhead is separated from the cartridge case, its movement along the channel of the weapon barrel and throwing on the trajectory. At the exit of the warhead of the cartridge from the barrel channel, powder gases flow out of the barrel channel after it, emitting a characteristic sound signal. Thus, even before the fall of the warhead and its operation, an audible signal is emitted, which, on the one hand, signals the beginning of shelling of manpower from a grenade launcher, allowing it to take refuge in open trenches and behind the natural folds of the terrain, and on the other hand, it allows you to detect the arrow for counterattack against him.

The closest analogue in terms of technical nature and the number of coinciding essential features is a unitary artillery cartridge for a grenade launcher containing a warhead in the form of a fragmentation grenade with a leading belt, the outer surface of the tail of which is made under the front chamber of the barrel with a guaranteed minimum clearance. In the rear part of the warhead there is a combustion chamber in which a propellant powder charge is placed, covered with a perforated horizontal diaphragm with a membrane, a gasket and an igniter capsule (RF patent No. 2125226, IPC 6 F 42 V 5/02, 01/20/99). An artillery cartridge is installed from the muzzle end of the barrel of the weapon, while the foreign volume of the barrel of the weapon forms a receiver chamber for powder gases of a burning propellant charge. Thus, when fired, the combustion products expire into the receiver and under their pressure the entire grenade moves along the barrel of the weapon and throws it on the trajectory. The powder gases accumulated in the receiver also follow the grenade from the barrel of the weapon, emitting a characteristic sound signal. Therefore, this artillery cartridge has the same disadvantages as the previous counterpart. In addition, the initial spread in the speed of throwing the warhead worsens the accuracy of fire, so at a range of 400 m the average deviation of the points of impact of grenades is: in range - 6.6 m, in front - 3 m.

The present invention primarily solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the defeat of manpower located openly or located in open trenches and behind natural folds of the terrain, by ensuring silent throwing of the warhead of the grenade, as well as increasing the accuracy of fire.

The problem is solved by two variants of the invention that implement the same principle with different designs of ammunition.

According to the first embodiment of the invention, the problem is solved in that in a munition for a grenade launcher containing a warhead, a lead belt, a combustion chamber body, the outer surface of the tail of which is made under the front chamber of the barrel with a guaranteed minimum clearance, a propellant powder charge and an igniter capsule in the combustion chamber, the warhead of the grenade and the housing of the combustion chamber, which plays the role of the propelling part of the ammunition, are made by individual modules. The front end of the housing of the combustion chamber is bonded to the bottom of the warhead, for example, with an adhesive composition with the possibility of separation during firing. In this case, the lateral surface of the housing of the combustion chamber is made with a diameter equal to the diameter of the body of the warhead, and an annular groove for the spring-loaded barrel retainer is made on its lateral surface. The combustion chamber is cylindrical with constriction at the front end, and it contains: a cylindrical metal rod with a diameter equal to the constriction diameter, the front flat end of which abuts the bottom of the warhead, and a blank cartridge containing a sleeve, an igniter capsule and a propellant powder charge, between a propellant powder charge and a cylindrical metal rod housed a wad-piston with an obturating side surface and a recess from the propellant powder charge. Moreover, in the rear part of the housing of the combustion chamber there is a lid with an external profile under the prechamber of the barrel, in the bottom of which there is a transitional firing pin.

To avoid separation and jamming of the warhead of the grenade and the shell of the ammunition combustion chamber during loading, the warhead of the grenade and the body of the combustion chamber are equipped with radial displacement clamps, which can be made, for example, in the form of annular protrusions made on the front end of the combustion chamber body and / or in the bottom of the warhead, and mating annular depressions made in the bottom of the warhead and / or on the front end of the housing of the combustion chamber.

According to the first embodiment of the invention, the warhead of a standard grenade without a propellant charge, for example, VOG-25 with a tail section under the forechamber of the barrel, can be used as a warhead. In this case, an annular protrusion is made in the front part of the combustion chamber housing, which is located in the cavity of the tail cavity of the warhead of a standard grenade.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, in a munition for a grenade launcher containing a warhead, a leading belt, a combustion chamber in which a propellant powder charge and an igniter capsule are placed, a regular silent cartridge SP-4 is used as a combustion chamber with a propellant powder charge and an igniter capsule . A regular silent cartridge contains a bottle-type sleeve, in which are placed: a cylindrical bullet with a diameter equal to the narrowing diameter of the sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant powder charge and a wad piston with an obturating side surface and a recess from the propellant powder charge side, separating the propellant powder charge and cylindrical blunt bullet. Moreover, the munition is additionally equipped with an adapter with an axial profile hole under the sleeve of a regular silent cartridge. In this case, the front end of the adapter is fastened to the bottom of the warhead, for example, with an adhesive composition with the possibility of separation during firing, and on the side surface of the adapter with a diameter equal to the diameter of the body of the warhead, an annular groove is made for the spring-loaded barrel retainer. A cover with an external profile is installed in the rear part of the adapter under the front chamber of the barrel with a guaranteed minimum clearance, at the bottom of which there is a transitional firing pin.

To prevent separation and jamming of the warhead of the grenade and the adapter during loading, the warhead of the grenade and the adapter are equipped with radial displacement clamps, for example, an annular protrusion made at the front end of the adapter and / or at the bottom of the warhead and a reciprocal ring cavity made at the bottom of the warhead or / and on the front end of the adapter.

According to the second embodiment of the invention, the warhead of a standard grenade without a propellant charge, for example, VOG-25 with the profile of the tail part under the front chamber of the barrel, can also be used as a warhead, with an annular protrusion placed in the cavity of the tail cavity of the warhead at the front end of the adapter.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which have purely illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of rights of the set of essential features, where Fig. 1 shows the ammunition according to the first embodiment; figure 2 - ammunition in the second embodiment; figure 3 (A, B, C, D) schematically shows the process of throwing ammunition.

According to the first embodiment of the invention, the ammunition for the grenade launcher consists of two individual modules: the warhead 1 and the propelling part 2. A lead belt 3 is made on the outer side surface of the warhead 1, and a head fuse 4 in the head part. The ammunition throwing part 2 consists of a body 5 of the combustion chamber 6, the side surface of which is made with a diameter equal to the diameter of the body of the warhead 1, and on its side surface an annular groove 7 is made for the spring-loaded clamp 8 of the barrel of the weapon. In the rear part of the housing 5 of the combustion chamber 6, a cover 9 is installed with an external profile under the front chamber of the barrel with a guaranteed minimum clearance, at the bottom of which there is a transitional hammer 10. Moreover, the front end 11 of the housing 5 of the combustion chamber 6 is fastened to the bottom 12 of the warhead 1, for example, with an adhesive composition with the ability to separate when fired. The combustion chamber 6 itself is cylindrical with a constriction 13 at the front end 11. In the combustion chamber 6 there is a cylindrical metal rod 14 with a diameter equal to the diameter of the constriction 13, the front flat end of which abuts the bottom 12 of the warhead 1. In the combustion chamber 6 there is also a blank cartridge comprising a sleeve 15 with a primer 16 and propellant powder charge 17. In the combustion chamber 6 there is also a wad-piston 18 separating the blank cartridge and the cylindrical rod 14. The wad-piston 18 is made with a side surface obturating bone and recess 19 from the propellant powder charge 17.

At the front end 11 of the housing 5 of the combustion chamber 6 or at the bottom 12 of the warhead 1, annular protrusions 20 can be made located in the mating annular troughs 21 made at the bottom 12 of the warhead 1 or at the front end 11 of the housing 5 of the housing 5 of the combustion chamber 6.

As a warhead, a standard warhead can be used, for example, a 40 mm VOG-25 shot with a tail profile under the fore chamber and with a previously unscrewed capsule sleeve, i.e. without propellant charge. In this case, the front of the housing 5 of the combustion chamber 6 is performed with an annular protrusion 22, which is placed in the cavity 23 under the capsule sleeve of the warhead 1.

According to the second embodiment of the invention, the ammunition for the grenade launcher differs from the first embodiment in that a standard silent SP-4 cartridge, caliber 7.62, is used as a combustion chamber with a propellant powder charge and an igniter capsule. This silent cartridge contains a bottle-type sleeve 24, in which are placed: a cylindrical bullet 25 with a diameter equal to the narrowing diameter of the sleeve 24, an igniter capsule 26, propellant powder charge 27 and wad-piston 28 separating the propellant powder charge and the bullet made with the obturating side surface and recess 29 from the side of the propellant powder charge 27. Regular silent cartridge SP-4 is placed in the Central channel of the adapter 30, having a narrowing 31, serving as a stop for the bottle sleeve 24. Moreover, the front end of the adapter 30 is attached to the bottom 12 of the warhead 1, for example, with an adhesive composition with the possibility of separation during firing. Otherwise, the construction of this embodiment of the invention is similar to the construction of the first embodiment.

As in the first embodiment, according to the second embodiment, a regular combat unit can be used as a warhead. Then, at the front end of the adapter 30, an annular protrusion 22 should be made, which is placed in the cavity 23 under the capsule sleeve of the warhead.

In the final assembled position, ready for operation, a cap 9 is screwed on the tail of the munition, the configuration of which corresponds to the profile of the forced chamber of the weapon barrel. In the lid 9 there is a movable transitional firing pin 10. In this case, the propellant part of the munition with the combustion chamber 5, on the front end 11 of the housing 6 of which an annular cavity 21 is made, is fastened with an adhesive compound to the warhead 1, in the bottom of which annular protrusions are made 20. The adhesive connection allows to reliably hold the ammunition in the final assembled form and at the same time, it allows to ensure the constancy of the forces of the unmanned warhead 1 from the combustion chamber or adapter.

The assembled ammunition is installed from the muzzle of the weapon barrel, based on the protrusions of the leading belt 3 in the inclined rifles of the barrel, and is fixed in the breech of the barrel by the spring-loaded clamp 8 of the grenade launcher, the locking protrusion of which is located in the annular groove 7 of the munition of the munition.

The functioning of the ammunition is illustrated in the first embodiment of the implementation of the ammunition.

When fired, the grenade launcher’s fighter transmits the force to the transitional firing pin 10, which punctures the igniter 16, but excludes its through penetration and, as a result, excessive breakthrough of powder gases from the sleeve into the breech of the weapon. The pulse from the igniter capsule 16 ignites the propellant powder 17. The housing of the combustion chamber 5, which is a thick-walled cylinder of high strength material, can withstand the highest pressure that occurs when the propellant is ignited. The pressure from the propellant gases of the propellant charge 17 acts on the bottom of the wad-piston 18 with a radius recess 19. Under the action of the expanding powder gases, the wad-piston 18 moves and transmits a movement impulse to the metal rod 14, which, in turn, acts on the end face with its front flat part the flat bottom surface 12 of the warhead 1 of the ammunition and transmits movement to it. In this case, separation occurs at the bonding site of the warhead of the grenade 1 with the body 5 of the combustion chamber 6. Due to the protrusions of the leading belt 3, the warhead 1 is accelerated and twisted. The warhead 1, having received translational and rotational movement in the barrel of the weapon, exits from it movement along a given trajectory.

At the same time, the narrowing 13 of the combustion chamber 6 inhibits the wad-piston 18, cutting off the propellant gases of the propellant charge 17, leaving them in a closed volume of the combustion chamber 6 and thereby ensuring a noiseless and flameless shot. Gunpowder gases also act on the side walls of the sleeve 15, carrying out their elastic deformation and reliable fixation of the sleeve 15 in the combustion chamber 6, cutting off the powder gases from the breech of the gun barrel.

Under the influence of the reaction from the body of the prechamber of the barrel of the weapon obtained by separating the metal rod 14 from the housing 5 of the combustion chamber 6, as well as due to the kinetic energy of the wad-piston 18, which acts in its extreme position on the narrowed part 13 of the housing 5 of the combustion chamber, it is extracted from the bore and throwing at an insignificant speed for a certain distance (~ 2 ... 3 m) from the shooter.

In the second embodiment, the pressure of the powder gases from the propellant charge 27 of the standard silent cartridge SP-4 is transmitted to the cylindrical pool 25. The rest of the ammunition functions in a similar way.

The claimed design of the ammunition made it possible to reduce the sound of the shot to 60 dB. The connection of the warhead with the propellant using the adhesive composition and the design of the propellant of the ammunition in comparison with the prototype made it possible to exclude the additional ballast mass of the tail of the ammunition.

The invention allows a shot to be fired with ammunition without flame and with a sound comparable to a clap of hands, it can also increase the accuracy of firing and reduce the spread of initial velocity, eliminating the disturbing effect of a propellant propellant gas breakthrough on the path of the munition when it leaves the barrel.

Claims (6)

1. Ammunition for a grenade launcher, comprising a warhead, a lead belt, a combustion chamber body, the outer surface of the tail of which is made under the chamber chamber with guaranteed minimum clearance, propellant powder charge and an igniter capsule located in the combustion chamber, characterized in that the warhead grenades and the combustion chamber body are made up of individual modules, the front end face of the combustion chamber housing being bonded to the bottom of the warhead by an adhesive composition with the possibility of separation during firing, while the casing surface of the combustion chamber body is made with a diameter equal to the diameter of the warhead housing, and an annular groove for the spring-loaded barrel retainer is made on its side surface, the combustion chamber is cylindrical with a narrowing at the front end, a cylindrical metal rod with a diameter equal to the narrowing diameter is placed in it, the front the end face of which rests on the bottom of the warhead, and a blank cartridge containing a sleeve, an igniter capsule and a propellant powder charge, between the propellant powder charge and a cylindrical metal rod contains a wad-piston with an obturating lateral surface and a recess on the side of the propellant powder charge, and in the rear part of the combustion chamber body there is a lid with an external profile under the front chamber of the barrel and in the bottom of which there is a transitional firing pin. 2. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the warhead of the grenade and the combustion chamber body are equipped with radial displacement clamps, for example, an annular protrusion made at the front end of the combustion chamber housing and / or at the bottom of the warhead and the reciprocal ring cavity made in the bottom warhead and / or on the front end of the housing of the combustion chamber. 3. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that a standard warhead without a propellant charge is used as a warhead, for example, VOG-25 with a tail section under the front chamber of the barrel, and an annular protrusion located in the front of the combustion chamber cavity of the caudal cavity of the warhead. 4. Ammunition for a grenade launcher containing a warhead, a leading belt, a combustion chamber in which a propellant powder charge and an igniter capsule are located, characterized in that a standard silent cartridge SP-4 is used as a combustion chamber with a propellant powder charge and an igniter capsule containing a bottle-type sleeve in which a cylindrical bullet is placed with a diameter equal to the narrowing diameter of the sleeve, an igniter capsule, propellant powder charge and a wad piston with a obturating side surface and a recess from the side of the propellant powder charge separating the propellant powder charge and the bullet, the munition additionally equipped with an adapter with an axial profile hole for the sleeve of a regular silent cartridge, while the front end of the adapter is fastened to the bottom of the warhead, for example, with an adhesive compound that can be detached when fired, on the side surface of the adapter with a diameter equal to the diameter of the shell of the warhead, an annular groove is made for the spring-loaded retainer of the barrel, and in the tail of the adapter and to cover the outer profile of the barrel under the pre-chamber with a guaranteed minimum gap in the bottom of which the transition striker is placed. 5. The ammunition according to claim 4, characterized in that the warhead of the grenade and the adapter are equipped with radial displacement clamps, for example, an annular protrusion made at the front end of the adapter and / or at the bottom of the warhead and the reciprocal ring cavity made at the bottom of the warhead or / and on the front end of the adapter. 6. The ammunition according to claim 4, characterized in that a standard warhead without a propellant charge is used as a warhead, for example, VOG-25 with a tail profile under the front chamber of the barrel, and an annular protrusion placed in the tail cavity is made at the front end of the adapter cavities of the warhead.

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