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WO2014117680A2 - 外周血细胞TRPC6mRNA水平用于早期预测/诊断老年性痴呆 - Google Patents

外周血细胞TRPC6mRNA水平用于早期预测/诊断老年性痴呆 Download PDF

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WO2014117680A2
WO2014117680A2 PCT/CN2014/071325 CN2014071325W WO2014117680A2 WO 2014117680 A2 WO2014117680 A2 WO 2014117680A2 CN 2014071325 W CN2014071325 W CN 2014071325W WO 2014117680 A2 WO2014117680 A2 WO 2014117680A2
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trpc6
polypeptide
mrna
protein
levels
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WO2014117680A3 (zh
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王以政
王军锋
路睿
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Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences SIBS of CAS
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Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences SIBS of CAS
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Priority to JP2015555570A priority Critical patent/JP6285962B2/ja
Priority to US14/765,715 priority patent/US9790551B2/en
Publication of WO2014117680A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014117680A2/zh
Publication of WO2014117680A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014117680A3/zh
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Priority to US15/699,114 priority patent/US20180066314A1/en
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    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6883Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/177Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/55Protease inhibitors
    • A61K38/57Protease inhibitors from animals; from humans
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/705Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6872Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6893Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
    • G01N33/6896Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/01Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
    • C07K2319/03Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a transmembrane segment
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    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/112Disease subtyping, staging or classification
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    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/158Expression markers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/705Assays involving receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2800/00Detection or diagnosis of diseases
    • G01N2800/28Neurological disorders
    • G01N2800/2814Dementia; Cognitive disorders
    • G01N2800/2821Alzheimer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, and in particular to the use of a classical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) gene or a protein thereof, which is prepared for predicting or diagnosing Alzheimer's. Diseased reagent or kit.
  • TRPC6 transient receptor potential channel 6
  • the invention further relates to polypeptides and compositions thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of AD. Background technique
  • AD Al zhe imer d i sease
  • senile dementia is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population that causes dementia.
  • the clinical manifestations of AD are progressive deterioration of memory and cognitive function, progressive decline in self-care ability in daily life, and various neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders.
  • Brain tissue sections after death in AD patients show characteristic extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.
  • the senile plaque is mainly composed of neurotoxic ⁇ -amyloid protein ( ⁇ -amylo i d, ⁇ ).
  • the current mainstream ⁇ hypothesis is based on the belief that ⁇ excess is one of the important causes of AD pathogenesis.
  • is produced by cleavage of its precursor protein Amylo id Precursor Prote in (APP) by ⁇ and ⁇ -secretase, while ⁇ -secretase-cleaved APP can produce neurotrophic effects while preventing the formation of ⁇ .
  • sAPP a Modher, A. & Lovestone, S. Trends Neurosci 25, 22-26 (2002); Selkoe, DJ Ann Intern Med 140, 627-638 (2004); Selkoe, DJ Nat Med 17, 1060-1065).
  • AD As far as the treatment of AD is concerned, it is currently believed that by regulating various secretases (such as Y secretase) for APP Cutting to reduce the formation of ⁇ can be used to treat AD.
  • various secretases such as Y secretase
  • gamma secretase inhibitors have not been successful.
  • the failure of clinical trials is due to the fact that the substrate of Y secretase is in addition to APP, as well as many other substrates such as Notch, E-cadherin, ErbB-4 (Haapasalo, A. & Kovacs, DM J Alzheimer). s Dis 25, 3-28; Xia, W.
  • Semagacestat a sputum secretase inhibitor
  • LY450139 a sputum secretase inhibitor
  • the clinical results showed that after taking Semagacestat, the cognitive level of AD patients decreased, the tendency of skin cancer increased and accompanied by adverse reactions of the gastrointestinal tract. The latter two were considered to be associated with the test drug adversely inhibiting the secretion of Notch by Y secretase.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic agent which can be used for the treatment or prevention of AD and which has a low side effect and its use.
  • TRPC6 transient receptor potentiation cation canyon cal
  • the TRPC6 gene comprises a DNA sequence or an mRNA sequence of TRPC6.
  • said detecting is determining the level of TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells.
  • the TRPC6 is from a mammal, preferably from a human, a mouse, or a rat.
  • the reagent comprises: a primer, a probe, a nucleic acid chip, a protein chip, an antibody specific for TRPC6.
  • the primers are the primer pairs set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 1 (sense strand) and SEQ ID NO.: 2 (antisense strand).
  • kits for predicting or diagnosing Alzheimer's disease by measuring TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells comprising a nucleic acid chip for detecting TRPC6 or specifically amplifying TRPC6 mRNA Or primers for cDNA, and instructions, wherein the instructions include the following instructions: Prediction or diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by measuring TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells.
  • the kit further comprises one or more reagents selected from the group consisting of:
  • a detection reagent for TRPC6 mRNA for preparing a kit for early prediction or diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by detecting the expression level of TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells.
  • the early indication refers to the prediction or diagnosis of an early AD (e.g., an MCI patient), wherein the early AD patient is a patient with SE > 15.
  • the MCI patient refers to a patient who has developed mild cognitive impairment but has not yet met the diagnostic criteria for AD.
  • the detecting comprises detecting the expression level of TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells and comparing it with a normal control (or a normal population).
  • the reagent comprises a primer, a probe, a nucleic acid chip, and a protein chip.
  • a detection method including the steps of:
  • the detection is real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection.
  • a TRPC6 protein or a derivative protein or agonist thereof for (a) preparing a medicament for preventing and/or treating AD; (b) preparing for lowering ⁇ -amyloid protein level a drug; and/or (c) a modulator (particularly as a selective inhibitor) for the preparation of a secreted enzyme activity.
  • a medicament for the preparation of a level of ⁇ -amyloid production in a neuron is prepared.
  • the TRPC6 protein is mouse, more preferably the amino acid sequence is SEQ ID NO. : 5 is shown.
  • the derivative protein is selected from the group consisting of:
  • polypeptide (c) a derivative polypeptide derived from polypeptide (a) or (b) by addition, deletion, or alteration of one or more amino acids and having the function of downregulating A ⁇ levels without affecting the function of ⁇ -secretase cleavage of Notch;
  • an isolated polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
  • polypeptide (c) a derivative polypeptide derived from polypeptide (a) or (b) by addition, deletion, or alteration of one or more amino acids and having the function of downregulating A ⁇ levels without affecting the function of ⁇ -secretase cleavage of Notch;
  • amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is SEQ ID NO.: 4.
  • a polynucleotide comprising the polypeptide of the sixth aspect of the invention is provided.
  • sequence of the polynucleotide is shown as position 1459-1521 of SEQ ID NO.: 3.
  • a vector comprising the polynucleotide of the seventh aspect of the invention is provided.
  • the invention provides a host cell comprising the vector of the eighth aspect of the invention, or the genome of the cell is integrated with the exogenous polynucleotide of the seventh aspect of the invention.
  • a method of producing the polypeptide of the sixth aspect of the invention comprising:
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and the polypeptide of the sixth aspect of the present invention is provided.
  • the polypeptide of the sixth aspect of the invention, the polynucleotide of the seventh aspect of the invention, the vector of the eighth aspect of the invention or the first aspect of the invention Use of the pharmaceutical composition for (a) the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of AD; (b) the preparation of a medicament for lowering the level of ⁇ -amyloid; and/or (c) the preparation of the activity of the secreted enzyme Formulations (especially selective inhibitors).
  • a method for screening for preventing or treating an AD compound comprising the steps of: (a) in a test group, adding a test compound to a culture system of the cell, and observing TRPC6 in the cells of the test group; Expression amount and/or activity; in the control group, no test compound was added to the culture system of the same cells, and the expression amount and/or activity of TRPC in the cells of the control group was observed;
  • the test compound is a candidate compound for preventing or treating AD which has an enhanced effect on the expression and/or activity of TRPC6.
  • the method further includes the steps of:
  • a method for the prevention and or treatment of AD and/or MCI wherein a safe and effective amount of the polypeptide of claim 9 or the pharmaceutical combination of claim 14 is administered to a subject in need thereof. Things.
  • the AD comprises an early AD ( ⁇ SE > 15). It is to be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the various technical features of the present invention and the technical features specifically described hereinafter (as in the embodiments) may be combined with each other to constitute a new or preferred technical solution. Due to space limitations, we will not repeat them here. DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 shows the mRNA levels of TRPC5 and TRPC6 in peripheral blood cells in different populations.
  • Figure la Compared with the age-matched non-AD control group, the peripheral blood cells of the AD patients had significantly lower levels of TRPC6 mRNA, while the TRPC6 mRNA levels were between the age-matched non-AD control group and the young non-AD control group. no difference;
  • Figure lb TRPC5 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells were not significantly different between the AD group, the age-matched non-AD control group, and the young non-AD control group;
  • Figure lc There is no significant difference in TRPC6 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells between PD patients and age-matched non-PD controls;
  • TRPC6 mRNA 71.82%
  • Figure lh shows a linear regression analysis of TRPC6 mRNA and ⁇ SE. The results show:
  • Panel li shows that TRPC6 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells of patients with early AD are significantly lower than those of age-matched non-AD controls (P ⁇ 0.0001).
  • Figure lk shows that TRPC6 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells of patients with MCI were significantly lower than those of age-matched non-MCI controls (***P ⁇ 0.0001).
  • Figure 2 shows the levels of TRPC5 and TRPC6 in peripheral blood cells and brain tissue in different mice.
  • Figure 2a and 2b Increased accumulation of A ⁇ by expression of APP in HEK293 cells does not affect the mRNA and protein levels of TRPC6 and TRPC5;
  • FIGS. 2c and 2d There were no significant differences in TRPC6 and TRPC5 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells and brain tissue of APP/PS1 mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice;
  • FIG. 2e There was no significant difference in TRPC6 protein levels in brain tissue of APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice.
  • Figure 3 shows that the expression level of TRPC6 can affect A ⁇ levels.
  • Figure 4 shows the results and analysis of senile plaque staining of brain slices from different mice.
  • Figure 5 shows that TRPC6 specifically inhibits the cleavage of APP by Y secretase.
  • Figure 5c Western blot results indicate that overexpression of TRPC6 does not affect the amount of NICD produced by gamma secretase cleavage of NotchAE-myc.
  • Figure 6 shows that the structure of TRPC6 and the TRPC6 mutant (or fragment) containing 487-507aa can down-regulate A ⁇ levels.
  • Figure 6a Topological map of TRPC6 showing six transmembrane regions and N-terminal and C-terminal intracellular
  • Figure 6b ELISA results show that overexpression of TRPC6-1/405 or TRPC6-725/930 does not affect A ⁇ level
  • Figure 6c Schematic representation of a TRPC6 truncation mutant
  • FIG. 6e ELISA results show that the TAT-TM2 fusion protein can be dose-dependently adjusted to ⁇ levels in HEK293APP cells;
  • Figure 6g shows a schematic representation of the construction of TRPC6 containing the TM2 domain (487-507aa) mutant
  • Figure 6h shows that TRPC6 contains a TM2 domain (487-507aa) mutant plasmid that does not reduce A ⁇ levels.
  • Figure 7 shows the results of alignment of the corresponding positions of the polypeptide of the present invention in TRPC6 proteins of human, mouse, rat, chimpanzee, cow, dog and cat.
  • Figure 8a The AP0E3 genotype has a relatively high level of TRPC6 mRNA, and the AP0E4 genotype has a relatively low level of TRPC6 mRNA 7 (***P ⁇ 0.001); where AD-4*4, AD-3* 3, AD-3*4, respectively, indicates AP0E4 homozygous individuals, AP0E3 homozygous individuals, AP0E3 and 4 heterozygous individuals in AD patients.
  • Control- 2*3, Control- 3*3, Control- 3*4, respectively indicate AP0E2 and 3 heterozygote individuals in the control, AP0E3 homozygous individuals, AP0E3 and heterozygous individuals.
  • Combined- 2*3, Comb ined- 3*3, Comb ined-3*4, respectively, represent individuals of AP0E2 and 3 heterozygotes, AP0E3 homozygous individuals, AP0E3 and 4 heterozygous individuals, respectively;
  • Figure 8b Culture supernatant containing AP0E3 increased TRPC6 mRNA levels in Jurkat cells, but culture supernatant containing AP0E4 did not affect TRPC6 mRNA levels in Jurkat cells.
  • Figure 8c Culture supernatant containing AP0E3 increased TRPC6 mRNA levels in rat neurons, but culture supernatant containing AP0E4 did not affect TRPC6 mRNA levels in rat neurons.
  • Figure 9a Effect of the fusion peptide TAT-TM2 and the mutant peptide TAT-TM2-mut on the level of ⁇ in the HEK293APP stable cell line, wherein ⁇ - ⁇ 2 can significantly reduce the level of ⁇ , but TAT-TM2-mut cannot. Have a significant effect on the level of ⁇ ;
  • FIG. 9b ELISA results show that TAT-TM2 fusion protein down-regulates ⁇ levels in a dose-dependent manner in HEK293APP cells;
  • Figure 9c In the primary cultured cortical neurons, the fusion peptide TAT-TM2 significantly reduced ⁇ levels;
  • Figure 9d-e shows that TAT-TM2-C can up-regulate A ⁇ levels in HEK293APP cells, the mutant TAT- TM2-C-m2 and TAT-TM2-C-m3 and TAT-TM2-N-bj can not be ⁇ 7 flat;
  • FIG. 9f In vivo experiments in mice, the fusion peptide TAT-TM2 was also able to significantly reduce A ⁇ levels.
  • Figure 10a-b TAT-TM2 reduces the ⁇ produced by C99 cleavage by ⁇ -secretase and also reduces the luciferase activity activated by C99 after cleavage by ⁇ -secretase;
  • TAT-TM2 does not alter NICD levels, ie TAT-TM2 does not affect ⁇ -secretase cleavage of Notch. detailed description
  • the inventors discovered for the first time that: in AD patients, the expression level of TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells is low, and it is not reduced due to aging. Therefore, the level of TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells is strongly correlated with the pathogenesis (or susceptibility) of AD, and can be used as a biomarker for early prediction and diagnosis of AD.
  • the inventors have also confirmed for the first time that they are derived from human TRPC6 protein at positions 488-508 or mouse TRPC6.
  • the amino acid sequence of amino acids 487-507 or the TRPC6 fragment or mutein polypeptide containing the above amino acid sequence can specifically lower the level of ⁇ , thereby improving the symptoms of AD with little side effects.
  • TRPC6 trans i ent receptor potent ial canonical 6
  • TRP trans- ent receptor potent i al, TRP
  • Canoni cal calcium A non-selective cation channel that is transparent.
  • the m should be detected in the brain tissue of TRPC6. Studies have shown that TRPC6 plays a role in neurodevelopment, learning and memory, and pain regulation.
  • the functional TRPC6 ion channel is a homologous or heterotetrameric structure with permeability to Na + and K Ca 2+ .
  • the N-terminus contains three ankyrin domains, which may be involved in membrane localization of the channel; the EWKFAR cassette with a conserved sequence of the TRPC family at the C-terminus and two inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptor structures The domain, wherein the second domain overlaps with a calmodulin (CaM) binding site.
  • IP3 inositol triphosphate
  • TRPC6 of the present invention has a high degree of homology in multiple species, and the TRPC6 useful in the present invention can be derived from any mammal, including but not limited to: human, rodent (e.g., mouse, rat), chimpanzee, Cows, dogs, cats, etc. Furthermore, TRPC6 includes wild type TRPC6 and mutant TRPC6 and active fragments thereof (e.g., TRPC6 mutant or active fragment comprising 487-507 aa).
  • a wild type TRPC6 has a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, which encodes a TRPC6 protein as shown in SEQ ID NO.: 5. Forecast or diagnostic application
  • the present invention provides a method and corresponding kit for predicting or diagnosing (especially early assisted prediction or diagnosis) of AD disease or its susceptibility.
  • the method of the present invention utilizes a correlation between the expression level of TRPC (especially TRPC6) in peripheral blood cells of a subject and the risk of AD.
  • TRPC5 certain TRPCs
  • TRPC6 the expression level of TRPC6 in peripheral blood cells
  • the detection method of the present invention can be based on the mRNA expression level of TRPC6, or the protein expression level of TRPC6.
  • the TRPC6 gene includes various nucleic acid sequences of TRPC6, such as DNA sequences or mRNA sequences.
  • a preferred method of detection is to detect the expression level of TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells.
  • a representative method includes the steps:
  • polypeptide of the invention refers to a particularly useful class of polypeptides corresponding to amino acid (487-507aa) active fragments (abbreviated as “core regions”) at positions 487-507 of mouse TRPC6, such as SEQ ID NO.: 4, or a TRPC6 mutant comprising the core region, or a fusion protein, derivative and analog comprising the core region.
  • fragment refers to a polypeptide that substantially retains an inhibitory function or activity of inflammation.
  • a polypeptide fragment, derivative or analog of the invention may be (i) a polypeptide having one or more conservative or non-conservative amino acid residues (preferably conservative amino acid residues) substituted, or ( ⁇ ) in one or more a polypeptide having a substituent group in an amino acid residue, or (iii) a polypeptide formed by fusion of a polypeptide of the present invention with another compound (such as a compound that extends half-life of the polypeptide, such as polyethylene glycol), or (iv) an additional amino acid sequence A polypeptide formed by merging the polypeptide sequence (subsequent protein formed by fusion with a leader sequence, a secretory sequence or a tag sequence such as 6Hi s).
  • Preferred polypeptides of the invention are active fragments comprising amino acid sequences 487-507 of the TRPC6 protein from mouse (487-507 aa) or active fragments or proteins having sequences derived from the corresponding 488-508 of the corresponding TRPC6 protein of human (Fig. 7)).
  • the length of the active fragment containing the above core region may not be limited to 21 amino acids, and may also contain additional flanking amino acid sequences derived from TRPC6 protein (such as human or non-human mammal TRPC6 protein), usually the active fragment The length is 20-100, preferably 21-70 More preferably 21-40 amino acids.
  • the active fragment does not include the full-length TRPC6 protein.
  • the research of the present invention shows that the polypeptide of the present invention can specifically inhibit the cleavage of APP by Y secretase, thereby effectively reducing the level of ⁇ , thereby improving the symptoms of AD. Further, a significant advantage of the polypeptide of the present invention compared to the existing ⁇ -secretase inhibitor is that the side effect is small since it does not change the cleavage function of the sputum secretase to other substrates such as Notch.
  • the AP0E gene has three genotypes, AP0E2, AP0E3 and AP0E4, in the population. About 80% of individuals in the population carry AP0E3, and about 20% of individuals carry AP0E4, but about 40-50% of patients with sporadic AD carry the AP0E4 genotype. Therefore, the AP0E gene is considered to be the most important risk gene in sporadic AD.
  • the AP0E in the human body is mainly produced by the liver and released into the blood, and then reaches the whole body with the blood circulation. Glial cells in the central nervous system can also secrete AP0E.
  • AP0E3 can exert many normal physiological functions: such as mediating the clearance and degradation of ⁇ , promoting the growth of neuronal processes, etc.; and once the AP0E mutation is ⁇ 0 ⁇ 4, these normal physiological functions are Affected, thereby increasing the risk of AD.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions and therapeutic uses such as mediating the clearance and degradation of ⁇ , promoting the growth of neuronal processes, etc.; and once the AP0E mutation is ⁇ 0 ⁇ 4, these normal physiological functions are Affected, thereby increasing the risk of AD.
  • the polypeptide of the present invention or the TRPC6 agonist (or activator) can be directly used for the treatment and prevention of diseases, for example, for the treatment of AD.
  • a polypeptide of the invention or a TRPC6 agonist is used, other therapeutic agents can also be used simultaneously.
  • the polypeptide of the present invention, a TRPC6 agonist or the like, when administered therapeutically (administered), may provide one or more of the following effects: (a) prevention and/or treatment of AD; (b) reduction of beta-amyloid Protein levels; and/or (c) selective inhibition of secreted enzymes.
  • the polypeptide or TRPC6 agonist of the present invention not only achieves a good therapeutic effect, but also has a small side effect (e.g., does not substantially affect the cleavage function of the secretory enzyme to other substrates).
  • these materials can be formulated in a non-toxic, inert, andpharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier medium, where ⁇ ⁇ is usually about 5-8, preferably ⁇ ⁇ is about 6-8, although the ⁇ ⁇ value can be The nature of the formulation and the condition to be treated vary.
  • the formulated pharmaceutical compositions can be administered by conventional routes including, but not limited to, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, intradermal, or topical administration.
  • the TRPC6 agonist is a non-proteinaceous substance, it can also be administered orally.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a safe and effective amount of a polypeptide of the invention or an agonist thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • Such carriers include, but are not limited to, saline, buffer, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation should be matched to the mode of administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be prepared in the form of an injection, for example, by a conventional method using physiological saline or an aqueous solution containing glucose and other adjuvants.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions such as tablets and capsules can be prepared by conventional methods.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions such as injections, solutions, tablets and capsules are preferably manufactured under sterile conditions.
  • the amount of active ingredient administered is a therapeutically effective amount, for example from about 1 microgram per kilogram body weight to about 5 grams per kilogram body weight per day.
  • the polypeptides of the invention may also be used with other therapeutic agents.
  • a safe and effective amount of a polypeptide of the invention or an agonist thereof is administered to a mammal, wherein the safe and effective amount is usually at least about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, and in most cases no more than about 8 grams. /kg body weight, preferably the dose is about 10 micrograms per kilogram body weight - about 1 gram per kilogram body weight.
  • specific doses should also consider factors such as the route of administration, the health of the patient, etc., which are within the skill of the skilled physician.
  • Polynucleotides encoding polypeptides of the invention may also be used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, such as by gene therapy.
  • Drug screening method
  • the invention also provides a method of drug screening based on TRPC6.
  • One method is to first screen for compounds that affect (enhance) the expression or activity of TRPC6, and then further test the selected compounds for their inhibition of A ⁇ .
  • the method for screening for preventing or treating an AD candidate compound provided by the present invention is based on the effect of the compound on the expression level and/or activity of TRPC6.
  • a typical screening method comprises the steps of:
  • test compounds were added to the culture system of the cells, and the expression amount and/or activity of TRPC6 in the cells of the test group was observed; in the control group, no test was added in the culture system of the same cells. a compound, and observing the expression level and/or activity of TRPC6 in the cells of the control group;
  • the test compound is a candidate compound which promotes the expression and/or activity of TRPC6 to prevent or treat the AD candidate compound. and / or
  • the inhibitory effect on ⁇ was further tested.
  • the test compound was added to the cell culture system of the transfected sputum, and the inhibition of ⁇ was tested; in the control group, the inhibition of ⁇ was tested without adding the test compound; If the amount of ⁇ in the test group is lower than that of the control group, it indicates that the test compound is a candidate compound for preventing or treating AD which has an inhibitory effect on ⁇ .
  • TRPC6 Since the expression level of TRPC6 is more closely related to the decrease of ⁇ , it is preferred to detect the table of TRPC6. Amount (expression level).
  • TRPC6 can be carried out at an mRNA level or a protein level, for example, by a conventional method or a commercially available apparatus and reagents (e.g., antibodies, primers, etc.).
  • reagents e.g., antibodies, primers, etc.
  • an objective biomarker that is readily present in peripheral blood cells for early prediction or early diagnosis of AD is provided.
  • the present invention demonstrates for the first time the significant correlation between TRPC6 mRNA and the pathogenesis of AD in peripheral blood cells, thereby determining the level of TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells can be used as a molecular biological basis for the diagnosis of AD, and also avoids the subjectivity of the ⁇ SE index in clinical application. And uncertainty.
  • Advance the AD diagnosis time window The present invention directly detects TRPC6 mRNA from peripheral blood cells to predict or early diagnose AD, and improves the prior art to measure TRPC6 mRNA level only through brain tissue, and significantly advances the diagnostic time window of AD. Early intervention in the prevention and treatment of AD provides valuable time.
  • RNA extraction uses the QIAamp® RNA Blood Mini Kits (QIAGEN Cat: 52304) kit.
  • the experimental procedures are mainly carried out according to the instructions. The steps are as follows:
  • the 4 cell lysate was transferred to the QIAshredder spin column and centrifuged at 16000 xg for 2 minutes. 5) Add 70% by volume of ethanol and shake. .
  • the reaction system was prepared: 2XqPCR Master Mix 10ul, water 4ul, diluted cDNA 5ul, primer lulo was shaken and mixed, then centrifuged briefly, and added to the PCR reaction tube. Put in the qPCR instrument, run the program 95 ° C, 2 min, lcycle ⁇ 95 ° C, 10s + 63 ° C, 30s, 40 cycles ⁇ 95 down to 60. C, lcycle. In order to reduce the operational error, make 3 duplicate holes for each sample, and then prepare the mixture and then dispense into 3 duplicate tubes.
  • TRPC6 primer sequence is SEQ ID NO.: 1 (sense strand); SEQ ID NO.: 2 (antisense strand); TRPC5 primer sequence is SEQ ID NO.: 6 (sense strand); SEQ ID NO.: 7 (Antisense strand); actin Primer sequence SEQ ID NO.: 8 (sense strand); SEQ ID NO.: 9 (antisense strand).
  • RNA extraction from cells and brain tissue was performed using TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen Cat: 15596).
  • the experimental procedures were mainly carried out with reference to the instructions. The steps are as follows:
  • the cells were directly stained with SDS and denatured at 95 ° C for 10 minutes to extract the protein.
  • the brain tissue was homogenized with RIPA and mixed at 4 degrees for 30 minutes, centrifuged at 13,200 to 4 degrees, and the protein was extracted by SDS 95 °C for 10 minutes. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected with TRPC6 (SAB, 1:300) and TRPC5 (Alomone, 1:200) antibodies.
  • APP/PS1 mice (B6C3 background) were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (#004462).
  • the fertilized eggs produced by the mating of C57BL6 mice and FBN mice were injected with a linear plasmid containing the 8.5 Kb promoter upstream of the CaMKII ⁇ coding region and the mouse TRPC6 coding region, and the resulting sub-generation mice were mated with C57BL6 mice to obtain pure TRC6 transgenic mice with C57BL6 background.
  • the CaMKII ⁇ promoter drives the expression of TRPC6 in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain. Identification of the TRPC6 transgenic mouse genotype was carried out by primers as shown in SEQ ID NO.: 10 and SEQ ID NO.: 11.
  • VECTOR VectaStain Universal ABC kit
  • the brain slices were first treated with 3 ⁇ 40 2 and then subjected to antigen retrieval with formic acid. After blocking, use ⁇ antibody 6E10 (purchased After overnight incubation from COVANCE, it was then incubated with secondary antibody and ABC complex, and finally developed with DAB (purchased from VECTOR).
  • the brain slices were dehydrated and transparently sealed and photographed with Neurolucidar.
  • mice forebrain were dissected and homogenized with GuHCL, and then the total ⁇ was detected by ELISA.
  • TBST Tris-Buffered Saline and 1% TritonXlOO, l%SDS, 1% DOC
  • TBST Tris-Buffered Saline and 1% TritonXlOO, l%SDS, 1% DOC
  • the mouse forebrain was first homogenized with TBST. After centrifugation, the supernatant was assayed for TBST soluble by ELISA.
  • ⁇ ⁇ the precipitate was further homogenized with GuHCL and TBST-insoluble A ⁇ was detected by ELISA.
  • the ⁇ 293 ⁇ stable cell strain was cultured in 10% FBS DMEM medium (containing 200 ng/ml G418).
  • C0S7C99 cells were cultured in MEM/F12 medium (containing 0.4 ⁇ g/ml hygromycin B) of 5% FBS, 1% NEAA and 200 mM Glutamax. All transfections were performed using Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen).
  • HEK293APP was transfected with C99-GVP/UAS-Lucif erase and CTRL or TRPC6 plasmid. After 24 hours, the cells were lysed, and luciferase activity was measured using a fluorescein detection system (purchased from Promega). Co-transfer of ⁇ "gal is used to level the transfection efficiency. 11. Preparation of HEK293APP stable cell line
  • HEK293 cells were seeded in 60 mm culture dishes. When the density was close to 80%, the APP plasmid was transfected with Lipof ectamine 2000 for 4 ug, and the medium was changed at 4 hours, 400 ng/ml of G418 was added, and the cells were passaged two days later, and 400 ng/ml of G418 was maintained in the culture solution. After two or three weeks, cells that were not transfected with APP gradually died, and the HEK293 cells expressing APP were alive. Then change the G418 to 200 ng/ml and keep it.
  • Example 1 Determination of specificity of TRPC6 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells in patients with AD
  • PD Parkinson's Disease
  • MCI Mi ld cognitive impairment
  • TRPC6 In the peripheral blood cells of AD patients, the mRNA level of TRPC6 in TRPC family members is significantly lower than that in normal population, and it does not decrease gradually due to age, and has a certain correlation with dementia index ⁇ SE; meanwhile, other TRPC member molecules (such as TRPC5) There was no significant difference in mRNA levels between age-matched non-AD controls and AD patients; in addition, TRPC6 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells of PD patients did not increase leftward in the control group.
  • TRPC6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells in AD is significantly lower than that in normal population, and it can be used as a molecular biomarker for the early prediction and auxiliary diagnosis of AD in peripheral blood cells.
  • Example 2 Determination of the Correlation between TRPC6 mRNA Level and ⁇ at Cell and Animal Levels
  • a ⁇ precursor protein APP transfection was performed on HEK293 (ATCC CRL-1573), and HEK293 cells were seeded in a 12-well plate in a general manner with a density close to 80%. Each well was transfected with lugfectamine2000, and the expression of the protein was detected by immunoblotting after 48 hours, and the mRNA and protein levels of TRPC6 or TRPC5 were measured in excess of APP.
  • TRPC6 or TRPC5 There was no change in the mRNA levels of TRPC6 or TRPC5 after WT was overexpressed in WT mice and APP/PS1 AD mouse models.
  • the peripheral blood cells and brain tissue total RNA of APP/PS1 mice and WT mice were extracted according to the general method 4, reverse transcription was performed and mRNA detection of TRPC6 or TRPC5 was performed, and TRPC6 antibody detection was performed by the general method 5.
  • TRPC6 and TRPC5 in ⁇ 293 ⁇ stable transfected cell lines can reduce ⁇ levels
  • Overexpression of TRPC6 and TRPC5 in ⁇ 293 ⁇ stable transfected cell lines (cells are seeded in 12-well plates at a density close to 80%. Each well is transfected with Lipofectamine2000) The lug plasmid was assayed for ⁇ levels in the culture medium by ELISA after 48 hours).
  • TRPC6 siRNA1 using ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ SEQ ID NO.: 12 (sense strand) and SEQ ID NO.: 13 (antisense strand) Shown; TRPC6 siRNA2 as shown in SEQ ID NO.: 18 (GCUUGACUUUGGAAUGUUATT sense strand) and SEQ ID NO.: 19 (UAACAUUCCAAAGUCAAGCTT antisense strand); control siRNA as SEQ ID NO.: 14 (sense strand) and SEQ ID NO : 15 (antisense strand); TRPC5 siRNA as shown in SEQ ID NO.: 20 (AACGCCUUCUCCACGCUCUUU sense strand) and SEQ ID NO.: 21 (AAAGAGCGUGGAGAAGGCGUU antisense strand). Detection of A ⁇ levels in neuronal cultures by ELISA on the 7th day after electroporation
  • ⁇ 40 2.003 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1313pg/mg
  • ⁇ ⁇ 40 1.398 ⁇ 0.1024pg/mg
  • TRPC6 significantly reduced the level of ⁇ in the cell culture medium at the cellular level, and knocked out TRPC6 in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons.
  • a ⁇ in the culture medium increased significantly; in addition, overexpression of TRPC6 in neurons reduced senile plaque deposition and ⁇ levels in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, both cell experiments and animal experiments have shown that TRPC6 can reduce ⁇ levels.
  • Example 4 Determination of the effect of TRPC6 on ⁇ -secretase cleavage of its substrate
  • TRPC6 reduced the ⁇ produced by C99 cleavage by ⁇ -secretase, and also reduced the activity of luciferase activated by C99 after cleavage by ⁇ -secretase.
  • NICD notch intracel luar ar domain
  • TRPC6 did not alter NICD levels, ie TRPC6 did not affect cleavage of Notch by gamma secretase.
  • TRPC6 protein (including wild-type full-length protein) can specifically inhibit ⁇ -secretase cleavage of APP (C99) to reduce the production of ⁇ without affecting the function of cleavage of Notch.
  • TRPC6 protein was divided into several peptides, and the effects of several peptides on the A ⁇ level were screened, and the expression plasmids of different fragments below TRPC6 were constructed: l ⁇ 405aa, 725 ⁇ 930aa, 389 ⁇ 930aa, 389 ⁇ 510aa , 437 ⁇ 633aa, 508 ⁇ 633aa.
  • HEK293APP stably transfected cells were seeded in 12-well plates at a density close to 80%. For each hole
  • L ipofectami ne2000 was transfected with lug plasmid. After 48 hours, the A ⁇ level in the culture solution was detected by ELISA, and the target peptide was initially locked at amino acids 437-507.
  • mutants containing 437-507 aa were able to reduce ⁇ , whereas mutants not containing this fragment could not down-regulate ⁇ levels, suggesting that 437-507 aa is critical for TRPC6 down-regulation of ⁇ levels. 5. 2 Locking of active transmembrane peptides
  • TRPC6 comprises a first transmembrane region (TM1), a first extracellular region (Loopl), and a second transmembrane region (TM2).
  • TM1 first transmembrane region
  • TM2 first extracellular region
  • TM2 second transmembrane region
  • the lug plasmid was transfected with Lipofectamine2000. After 48 hours, the ⁇ level in the culture solution was detected by ELISA, and the target peptide was locked at amino acids 487-507.
  • Example 6 Composition and testing of a fusion peptide comprising 487-507 aa
  • the second transmembrane region (487-507aa, TM2) was selected for fusion with the transmembrane peptide TAT, and the fusion peptide TAT-TM2 and the mutant peptide TAT-TM2-mut were obtained, and the pair was detected.
  • the peptide was synthesized by ChinaPept ides, and the sequence is shown in Table 12.
  • TAT-TM2-C-m2 26 I ISDDIGMIWAGRKKRRQRRRC
  • ⁇ - ⁇ 2 can dose-dependently adjust ⁇ levels on ⁇ 293 ⁇ cells.
  • ⁇ 2 was divided into a scorpion and a C-terminus, and fused to ⁇ , respectively, and TAT- ⁇ 2-N, TAT- ⁇ 2-C and TAT- ⁇ 2-C mutants were detected.
  • the peptides were synthesized by ChinaPept i des, and the sequences are shown in Table 12. Result As shown in Table 9 and Figure 9d-e:
  • TAT-TM2-C can up-regulate ⁇ level in HEK293APP cells, and its mutant
  • TAT-TM2-C-m2 and TAT-TM2-C-m3 and TAT-TM2-N do not affect A ⁇ levels.
  • ⁇ 2-C is essential for ⁇ 2 down-regulation of ⁇ levels.
  • TAT-TM2 also down-regulates the level of A ⁇ in APP/PS 1 mice.
  • drug screening is performed at the mRNA level as follows:
  • test compound was added to the culture system of HEK293 cells, and the expression level of TRPC6 in the cells of the test group was observed (to extract the total RNA of the cells, and reverse-transcribed into cDNA; then the expression amount was determined by real-time PCR
  • control group no test compound was added to the culture system of the same cells, and the expression level of TRPC6 in the cells of the control group was observed;
  • the expression level of TRPC6 in the cells in the test group is higher than that in the control group, it indicates that the test compound promotes the expression of TRPC6 and can be used as a candidate compound for preventing or treating AD.
  • Comb ined-2*3, Comb ined-3*3, Comb ined-3*4, respectively, represent AP0E2 and 3 heterozygous individuals, AP0E3 homozygous individuals, AP0E3 and 4 heterozygous individuals in all individuals.
  • AP0E3*3 individuals have an average level of TRPC6 mRNA higher than AP0E3*4 individuals.
  • the level of TRPC6 mRNA in AP0E3*3 individuals was significantly higher than that in AP0E3*4 (P ⁇ 0.001).
  • C99 is the C-terminal 99 amino acids of APP and is a direct substrate for Y secretase.
  • C0S7C99 cells were seeded in 12-well plates at a density close to 100%. Each well was treated with 5um peptide for 12 hours and detected by ELISA The ⁇ level in the culture solution.
  • TAT-TM2 reduced the ⁇ produced by C99 cleavage by ⁇ -secretase, and also reduced the luciferase activity activated by C99 after cleavage by ⁇ -secretase.
  • NICD notch intracel lular domain
  • TAT-TM2 did not change the level of NICD, that is, TAT-TM2 did not affect the cleavage of Notch by Y secretase.

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Abstract

本发明涉及外周血细胞TRPC6 mRNA水平用于早期预测/诊断老年性痴呆。具体地,本发明公开了经典型瞬时受体电位通道6(TRPC6)基因或其蛋白的用途,它们被制备预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病的试剂或试剂盒。本发明还涉及用于制备治疗AD药物的多肽及其组合物。

Description

外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA水平用于早期预测 /诊断老年性痴呆
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域, 具体地涉及经典型瞬时受体电位通道 6 (trans i ent receptor potent i al canonical 6, 简称为 TRPC6)基因或其蛋白的用途, 它们被制 备预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病的试剂或试剂盒。 本发明还涉及用于制备治疗 AD药物的 多肽及其组合物。 背景技术
阿尔茨海默病(Al zhe imer d i sease , AD) , 即老年性痴呆, 是老年人群中引起 痴呆的最常见的神经退行性疾病。 据美国约翰霍普金斯大学的一份研究报道, 到 2050年, 世界上每 85人中就将有一人患有老年性痴呆。 AD的临床表现为记忆和 认知功能不断恶化, 日常生活自理能力进行性减退, 并有各种神经精神症状和行 为障碍。 AD患者死后的脑组织切片上显示有特征性的细胞外老年斑和细胞内神经 纤维缠结。 其中老年斑主要由具有神经毒性的 β -淀粉样蛋白(β -amylo i d, Α β ) 组成, 目前主流的 Α β 假说据此认为 Α β 过多是 AD致病的重要原因之一。
另外, Α β 由其前体蛋白 Amylo i d Precursor Prote i n (APP)先后被 β 禾口 γ 分泌酶切割而产生,而 α 分泌酶切割 APP则能在阻止 Α β 形成的同时产生具有神 经营养作用的 sAPP a (Mudher, A. & Lovestone, S. Trends Neurosci 25, 22-26 (2002); Selkoe, D.J. Ann Intern Med 140, 627-638 (2004); Selkoe, D.J. Nat Med 17, 1060- 1065)。
就 AD的诊断而言, 目前 AD确诊的金标准是在患者死后取脑组织切片做病理 检查, 确定细胞外老年斑和细胞内神经纤维缠结的存在。 而临床诊断主要依靠检 查患者认知水平, 如用简明精神状态量表 (匪 SE)等进行测试。 但作为一项以主观 量表为诊断依据的测试, 匪 SE指标的特异性和敏感度很低。
然而, 如果能早期预测 AD的患病风险并进行早期干预, 显然比在 AD患者出 现认知障碍之后甚至在死亡之后进行诊断更具临床意义。
因此, 本领域迫切需要开发特异性的、 可靠的、 适合早期预测 /诊断 AD的生 物标记物, 以便在尚未发生认知障碍之前, 就能客观、 准确地筛查出可能得病的 高危人群, 早期提示 AD发生的可能性, 并为预防、 治疗 AD提供足够的时间窗。
就 AD的治疗而言, 目前认为, 通过调节各种分泌酶(如 Y 分泌酶)对 APP的 切割从而减少 Α β 的形成可用于治疗 AD。 然而, 用 γ 分泌酶的抑制剂治疗 AD的 临床试验并未取得成功。 目前主要观点认为, 临床试验的失败是由于 Y 分泌酶的 底物除了 APP之外, 还有例如 Notch, E-cadherin, ErbB-4等诸多其他底物 (Haapasalo, A. & Kovacs, D.M. J Alzheimer s Dis 25, 3-28; Xia, W. & Wolfe, M.S. J Cell Sci 1 16, 2839-2844 (2003)) 这些底物通过 Y 分泌酶的切割来实现各自重要 的生理功能。 因此抑制 Υ 分泌酶的药物可能阻止了很多底物发挥正常的生理功 能。
最近, 礼来公司终止了一种 Υ 分泌酶抑制剂(Semagacestat , LY450139)的 3 期临床试验。 其临床结果显示, 服用 Semagacestat以后, AD患者认知水平下降, 皮肤癌倾向增加并伴有胃肠道的不良反应, 其中后两项被认为与该测试药物不利 地抑制了 Y分泌酶切割 Notch相关(Siemers, E., et al. Safety, Clin Neuropharmacol 28, 126- 132 (2005); Siemers, E.R., et al. Neurology 66, 602-604 (2006).; Hofmann, T., Schaefer, M., Schultz, G. & Gudermann, T. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 7461 -7466 (2002).) 这表明, 理想的治疗 AD的药物应能特异地抑制 γ 分泌酶切割 APP但不 影响其切割其它底物的功能。
因此, 本领域还迫切需要开发可用于治疗或预防 AD且副作用较低的药物。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供了特异性的、 可靠的、适合早期预测 /诊断 AD的生物 标记物, 及其在预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种可用于治疗或预防 AD且副作用较低的治疗剂及 其应用。 本发明的第一方面,提供了一种经典型瞬时受体电位通道 6 (trans i ent receptor potent ial canoni cal 6, TRPC6)基因或其蛋白的用途, 用于制备通过检测而预测或 诊断阿尔茨海默病(AD)的试剂或试剂盒。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 TRPC6基因包括 TRPC6的 DNA序列或 mRNA序列。
在另一优选例中, 所述的检测是测定外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA水平。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 TRPC6来自哺乳动物, 较佳地来自人、 小鼠、 大鼠。 在另一优选例中, 所述的试剂包括: 引物、 探针、 核酸芯片、 蛋白芯片、 特异性 针对 TRPC6的抗体。 在另一优选例中, 所述的引物如 SEQ ID NO. : 1 (正义链)和 SEQ ID NO. : 2 (反 义链)所示的引物对。
本发明第二方面, 提供了一种通过测定外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA进而预测或诊断 阿尔茨海默病的试剂盒,所述的试剂盒包括用于检测 TRPC6的核酸芯片或特异性扩增 TRPC6 mRNA或 cDNA的引物, 以及说明书, 其中所述说明书包括以下说明: 通过测定 外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA来预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病。
在另一优选例中, 所述的试剂盒还含有选自下组的一种或多种试剂:
(i)用于提取外周血总 RNA的试剂;
(i i)用于反转录的引物;
(i i i)用于反转录反应的反转录酶;
(iv)用于 PCR反应的聚合酶。
本发明第三方面, 提供了一种 TRPC6 mRNA的检测试剂的用途, 用于制备通过检测 外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA的表达水平从而早期预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病的试剂盒。
在另一优选例中, 所述的早期指对早期 AD (如 MCI患者)进行预测或诊断, 其 中, 所述的早期 AD患者指匪 SE> 15的患者。
在另一优选例中, 所述 MCI患者指已出现轻度认知障碍, 但尚未达到 AD诊断 标准的患者。
在另一优选例中, 所述检测包括检测外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA的表达水平, 并与 正常对照(或正常人群)比较。
在另一优选例中, 所述的试剂包括引物、 探针、 核酸芯片、 蛋白芯片。
本发明第四方面, 提供了一种检测方法, 包括步骤:
(a) 提取来自检测对象的外周血或外周血细胞的 mRNA;
(b) 检测所述 mRNA中 TRPC6 mRNA的表达水平, 并与正常人群进行比较, 如果显 著低于正常人群, 则提示该对象患 AD的机率或易感性高于正常人群患 AD的机率 或易感性。
在另一优选例中, 所述的检测是实时荧光定量 PCR检测。
本发明第五方面, 提供了一种 TRPC6蛋白或其衍生蛋白或促效剂的用途, 用于 (a)制备预防和 /或治疗 AD的药物; (b)制备降低 β -淀粉样蛋白水平的药物; 和 / 或(c)制备 Υ分泌酶活性的调制剂(尤其是作为选择性抑制剂)。
在另一优选例中, 用于制备降低神经元中 β -淀粉样蛋白产生水平的药物。 在另一优选例中, 所述的 TRPC6蛋白是小鼠的, 更佳地氨基酸序列如 SEQ ID NO. : 5所示。
在另一优选例中, 所述的衍生蛋白选自下组:
(a) 由含 TRPC6蛋白的第 487-507位的氨基酸序列所构成的多肽;
(b) 由多肽(a)与穿膜肽元件形成的融合蛋白;
(c) 由多肽(a)或(b)通过添加、 缺失、 或改变一个或多个氨基酸而衍生的且具 有下调 A β水平且不影响 γ分泌酶切割 Notch的功能的衍生多肽;
(d) 氨基酸序列对应于 TRPC6蛋白的 TM2区(487-507aa)的多肽, 或 TM2区与 穿膜肽元件形成的融合蛋白, 并且所述多肽或融合蛋白(d)具有下调 A β水平且不 影响 Υ分泌酶切割 Notch的功能。
本发明的第六方面, 提供了一种分离的多肽, 所述多肽选自下组:
(a) 由含 TRPC6蛋白的第 487-507位的氨基酸序列所构成的多肽;
(b) 由多肽(a)与穿膜肽元件形成的融合蛋白;
(c) 由多肽(a)或(b)通过添加、 缺失、 或改变一个或多个氨基酸而衍生的且具 有下调 A β水平且不影响 γ分泌酶切割 Notch的功能的衍生多肽;
(d) 氨基酸序列对应于 TRPC6蛋白的 TM2区(487-507aa)的多肽, 或 TM2区与 穿膜肽元件形成的融合蛋白, 并且所述多肽或融合蛋白(d)具有下调 A β水平且不 影响 Υ分泌酶切割 Notch的功能。
在另一优选例中, 所述多肽的氨基酸序列如 SEQ ID NO. : 4。
本发明的第七方面, 提供了一种多核苷酸, 所述多核苷酸编码本发明第六方面 所述的多肽。
在另一优选例中, 所述多核苷酸的序列如 SEQ ID NO. : 3中第 1459-1521位 所示。
本发明第八方面, 提供了一种载体, 所述载体含有本发明第七方面, 所述的多 核苷酸。
本发明第九方面, 提供了一种宿主细胞, 所述细胞含有本发明第八方面所述的 载体, 或所述细胞的基因组整合有外源的本发明第七方面所述的多核苷酸。
本发明第十方面, 提供了一种产生本发明第六方面所述的多肽的方法, 所述方 法包括:
(i)培养本发明第九方面所述的宿主细胞, 从而表达本发明第六方面所述的多 肽; 和
(i i)从培养体系中分离本发明第六方面所述的多肽。 本发明第十一方面, 提供了一种药物组合物, 含有药学上可接受的载体和本发 明第六方面所述的多肽。
本发明第十二方面, 提供了一种本发明第六方面所述的多肽、本发明第七方面 所述的多核苷酸、 本发明第八方面所述的载体或本发明第是一方面所述的药物组 合物的用途, 用于(a)制备预防和 /或治疗 AD的药物; (b)制备降低 β -淀粉样蛋白 水平的药物; 和 /或(c)制备 Υ分泌酶活性的调制剂(尤其是选择性抑制剂)。
本发明第十三方面, 提供了一种筛选预防或治疗 AD化合物的方法, 包括步骤: (a)测试组中, 在细胞的培养体系中添加测试化合物, 并观察所述测试组的细 胞中 TRPC6的表达量和 /或活性; 在对照组中, 在相同细胞的培养体系中不添加测 试化合物, 并观察对照组的所述细胞中 TRPC的表达量和 /或活性;
其中, 如果测试组中细胞的 TRPC6的表达量和 /或活性高于对照组, 就表明该 测试化合物是对 TRPC6的表达和 /或活性有增强作用的预防或治疗 AD的候选化合 物。
在另一优选例中, 所述方法还包括步骤:
(b) 对于步骤(a)中获得的候选化合物, 进一步测试其对 Αβ的抑制作用。
本发明第十四方面, 提供了一种预防和或治疗 AD和 /或 MCI的方法, 向所需要 的对象施用安全有效量的如权利要求 9所述的多肽或权利要求 14所述的药物组合 物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 AD包括早期 AD (匪 SE> 15)。 应理解, 在本发明范围内中, 本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例) 中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。 限于篇幅, 在此不再一一累述。 附图说明
图 1显示了在不同人群中, 外周血细胞中 TRPC5和 TRPC6的 mRNA水平。
其中,图 l a:与年龄匹配的非 AD对照组相比, AD病人的外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA 水平显著较低, 而 TRPC6 mRNA水平在年龄匹配的非 AD对照组和年轻的非 AD对照 组之间则没有差异;
图 lb : 外周血细胞的 TRPC5 mRNA水平在 AD组, 年龄匹配的非 AD对照组和年 轻的非 AD对照组之间没有显著差异; 图 lc: 外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA水平在 PD患者和年龄匹配的非 PD对照组之 间没有显著差异;
图 ld、 f、 g: 扩大样本量后, 所得结果分别与图 la、 b、 c相同。
图 le显示了 ROC曲线分析显示 AUC=0.8324, 敏感度 =78.74%, 特异度
=71.82%, 可见 TRPC6 mRNA的水平对于区分 AD和年龄匹配的非 AD对照而言, 特 异度和灵敏度都非常高。
图 lh显示了对 TRPC6 mRNA和匪 SE进行的线性回归分析, 结果显示:
R2=0. 1179, P=0.0002, 可见痴呆程度越严重的 AD患者, 其外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA 水平越低。
图 li显示了早期 AD患者外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA水平显著低于年龄匹配的 非 AD 对照组(P<0.0001)。
图 lj: 显示了 ROC曲线分析显示 AUC=0.8235, 敏感度 =78.43%, 特异度 =70.91% , 可见, TRPC6 mRNA水平能够对早期 AD患者进行有效的诊断。
图 lk显示了 MCI患者外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA 水平显著低于年龄匹配的非 MCI 对照组(***P<0.0001)。
图 11: 显示了 R0C曲线分析显示 AUC=0. 0.8370, 敏感度 =76.79%, 特异度 =84.62% , 可见, TRPC6 mRNA水平能够对 MCI患者进行有效的诊断。
图 2显示了在不同小鼠中, 外周血细胞和脑组织中 TRPC5和 TRPC6的水平。 图 2a和 2b: HEK293细胞中通过表达 APP而提高 Αβ 的积累不影响 TRPC6和 TRPC5的 mRNA及蛋白水平;
图 2c和 2d: 与野生型(WT)小鼠相比, APP/PS1小鼠的外周血细胞和脑组织的 TRPC6和 TRPC5 mRNA水平没有明显差异;
图 2e: 与 WT小鼠相比, APP/PS1小鼠脑组织的 TRPC6蛋白水平没有明显差异。 图 3显示了 TRPC6的表达水平可影响 A β水平。
图 3a: ELISA结果表明, HEK293 APP细胞中过表达 TRPC6减少了 A β 水平, 但过表达 TRPC5则没有类似作用;
图 3b, ELISA结果表明, 原代培养的皮层神经元中用 RNAi敲除 TRPC6增加了 Αβ 水平。
图 3c, ELISA结果表明, 原代培养的皮层神经元中用 RNAi敲除 TRPC6增加了 Αβ 水平, 但敲除 TRPC5则没有类似作用。
图 4显示了不同小鼠的脑片的老年斑染色结果和分析。 图 4a: APP/PSl和 APP/PS1/TRPC6小鼠脑片用 A β 抗体进行老年斑染色的代表 图。 标尺 =500um;
图 4b, 老年斑沉积的定量分析显示, APP/PS1/TRPC6小鼠脑片的老年斑面积的 百分比要显著低于 APP/PS1小鼠;
图 4c〜e : ELISA结果显示, APP/PS1/TRPC6小鼠的总 A β、TBST可溶和不溶 Α β 水平都要显著低于 APP/PSl小鼠。
图 5显示了 TRPC6可特异性抑制 Y分泌酶对 APP的切割。
图 5a: ELISA结果显示, C0S7C99稳定细胞株中过表达 TRPC6降低了 A β 水 平;
图 5b : 在 HEK293APP细胞中过表达 TRPC6减少了 γ 分泌酶切割引起的
C99-GVP/UAS-荧光素酶活性;
图 5c : 免疫印迹结果表明,过表达 TRPC6不影响 γ 分泌酶切割 NotchAE-myc 而产生的 NICD的量。
图 6显示了 TRPC6的结构以及含 487-507aa的 TRPC6突变体(或片段)可下调 A β 水平。
图 6a: TRPC6的拓扑结构图, 显示其有 6个跨膜区和位于胞内的 N端和 C端; 图 6b : ELISA结果显示, 过表达 TRPC6- 1/405或 TRPC6- 725/930不影响 A β 水平;
图 6c : TRPC6截短突变体的示意图;
图 6d: ELISA结果显示,过表达包含 437-508aa的 TRPC6突变体可以下调 Α β, 而过表达不包含 437-508aa的 TRPC6突变体则不能下调 A β, 提示 437-508aa对 于 TRPC6下降 Α β 水平是重要的;
图 6e : ELISA结果显示在 HEK293APP细胞中, TAT-TM2融合蛋白可剂量依赖 地下调 Α β 水平;
图 6f: 免疫印迹显示 TAT-TM2不能改变 Y 分泌酶切割 NotchAE-myc而产生 的 NICD的量;
图 6g显示了 TRPC6包含 TM2 结构域 (487-507aa) 突变体的构成示意图; 图 6h显示了 TRPC6包含 TM2 结构域 (487-507aa) 突变体质粒均不能下降 A β水平。
图 7显示了本发明多肽在人、 小鼠、 大鼠、 黑猩猩、 牛、 犬以及猫的 TRPC6蛋 白中所对应位置的比对结果。 图 8a: AP0E3基因型的个体 TRPC6 mRNA水平相对较高, AP0E4基因型的个体 TRPC6 mRNA 7 平相对较低 ( ***P<0. 001 ) ; 其中, AD- 4*4, AD- 3*3, AD- 3*4,分 别表示 AD患者中 AP0E4纯合子个体, AP0E3纯合子个体, AP0E3和 4杂合子个体。 Control- 2*3, Control- 3*3, Control- 3*4,分别表示对照中 AP0E2和 3杂合子个 体, AP0E3纯合子个体, AP0E3禾卩 4杂合子个体。 Combined- 2*3, Comb ined- 3*3, Comb ined-3*4,分别表示所有个体中 AP0E2禾卩 3杂合子个体, AP0E3纯合子个体, AP0E3和 4杂合子个体;
图 8b : 含有 AP0E3的培养液上清可以增加 Jurkat细胞中 TRPC6的 mRNA水平, 但是含有 AP0E4的培养液上清不影响 Jurkat细胞中 TRPC6的 mRNA水平。
图 8c : 含有 AP0E3的培养液上清可以增加大鼠神经元中 TRPC6的 mRNA水平, 但是含有 AP0E4的培养液上清不影响大鼠神经元中 TRPC6的 mRNA水平。
图 9a: 融合肽 TAT-TM2以及突变体肽 TAT-TM2-mut对 HEK293APP 稳转细胞系 Α β 的水平的影响, 其中, ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2能够显著降低 Αβ的水平, 但 TAT-TM2-mut则 无法对 Αβ的水平产生明显的影响;
图 9b : ELISA结果显示在 HEK293APP细胞中, TAT-TM2融合蛋白可剂量依赖地 下调 Α β 水平;
图 9c : 在原代培养皮层神经元中, 融合肽 TAT-TM2 能够显著降低 Α β水平; 图 9d-e : 显示了 TAT-TM2-C可以在 HEK293APP细胞上下调 A β水平, 其突变体 TAT-TM2-C-m2禾口 TAT— TM2— C— m3以及 TAT— TM2— N贝 lj不能影口向 Α β 7 平;
图 9f : 在小鼠体内实验中, 融合肽 TAT-TM2 同样能够显著降低 A β水平。 图 10a-b : TAT-TM2减少了 C99 被 γ分泌酶切割产生的 Α β, 也减少了 C99被 Υ 分泌酶切割后所激活的荧光素酶活性;
图 10c : TAT-TM2不会改变 NICD水平,即 TAT- TM2不影响 γ分泌酶对 Notch的 切割。 具体实施方式
本发明人经过长期深入的研究, 首次意外地发现: 在 AD患者中, 外周血细胞 的 TRPC6 mRNA表达水平较低, 且并非由于年龄增长而减少的。 因此, 外周血细胞 中的 TRPC6 mRNA水平与 AD的发病(或易感性)存在强相关性, 可作为早期预测、 诊断 AD的生物标记物。
此外,本发明人还首次证实了:来源于人 TRPC6蛋白第 488-508位或小鼠 TRPC6 蛋白第 487-507位氨基酸序列或含有上述氨基酸序列的 TRPC6片段或突变蛋白多 肽, 能够特异性地降低 Α β 的水平, 从而改善 AD症状, 并且副作用小。
在上述发现的基础上, 本发明人完成了本发明。 TRPC6
TRPC6 (trans i ent receptor potent ial canonical 6, 经典型瞬时受体电位通道 6)是 TRP (trans i ent receptor potent i al, TRP)基因超家族 C亚家族(canoni cal) 的成员之一,编码钙可通透的非选择性阳离子通道。在脑部组织中可检测到 TRPC6 的 m應。 研究已表明, TRPC6在神经发育、 学习记忆、 疼痛调节等方面起一定作 用。
功能性 TRPC6离子通道为同源或异源四聚体结构, 对 Na+、 K Ca2+具有通透性。 N-末端含有三个锚蛋白结构域, 可能与通道的膜定位有关; C-末端具有 TRPC家族 保守序列的 EWKFAR盒和两个三磷酸肌醇(i nos i to l triphosphate, IP3)受体结构 域, 其中第二个结构域与一个钙调蛋白(calmodul in, CaM)结合位点重叠。
本发明 TRPC6在多物种中有着高度的同源性,可用于本发明的 TRPC6可来自于 任何哺乳动物, 包括(但并不限于): 人、 啮齿动物(如小鼠、 大鼠)、 黑猩猩、 牛、 犬、 猫等。 此外, TRPC6包括野生型 TRPC6和突变型 TRPC6及其活性片段(例如包 含 487-507aa的 TRPC6突变体或活性片段)。一种野生型的 TRPC6的核苷酸序列如 SEQ ID NO: 3所示, 其编码的 TRPC6蛋白如 SEQ ID NO.: 5所示。 预测或诊断应用
本发明提供了一种预测或诊断(尤其是早期辅助性预测或诊断) AD疾病或其易 感性的方法和相应试剂盒。
本发明方法利用了检测对象的外周血细胞中 TRPC (尤其是 TRPC6)表达水平与 AD患病机率之间的相关性。
本发明的研究表明, 外周血细胞中某些 TRPC (如 TRPC5)表达水平与 AD患病机 率之间无相关性; 然而, 出人意料的是, 作为一种非脑组织, 外周血细胞中 TRPC6 的表达水平与 AD患病机率之间存在显著相关性, 因此特别适合用于 AD的早期辅 助性预测或诊断的生物标志物。
本发明的检测方法可以基于 TRPC6的 mRNA表达水平, 或 TRPC6的蛋白质表达水 平。 在本发明中, TRPC6基因包括 TRPC6的各种核酸序列, 例如 DNA序列或 mRNA序 列。
一种优选的检测方法是检测外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA的表达水平。 一种代表性 的方法包括步骤:
1)提取待测对象的外周血细胞的总 RNA;
2)反转录得到 cDNA;
3)对 cDNA进行实时荧光定量 PCR, 得到 TRPC6 mRNA的定量检测结果, 并与正常 人群的 TRPC6 mRNA的表达水平进行比较, 如果显著低于正常人群, 则提示该对象患 AD的机率或易感性高于正常人群患 AD的机率或易感性。 含 487-507aa的 TRPC6突变体或活性片段
如本文所用, 术语 "本发明多肽"指一类特别有用的多肽, 该多肽是对应于小 鼠 TRPC6的第 487-507位氨基酸(487-507aa)活性片段(简称为 "核心区" ), 如 SEQ ID NO. : 4所示, 或含所述核心区的 TRPC6突变体, 或含所述核心区的融合 蛋白、 衍生物和类似物。
如本文所用, 术语 "片段" 、 "衍生物"和 "类似物"是指基本上保持抑制炎 症功能或活性的多肽。本发明多肽片段、衍生物或类似物可以是(i)有一个或多个 保守或非保守性氨基酸残基 (优选保守性氨基酸残基)被取代的多肽, 或(Π)在一 个或多个氨基酸残基中具有取代基团的多肽, 或(i i i) 本发明多肽与另一个化合 物(比如延长多肽半衰期的化合物, 例如聚乙二醇)融合所形成的多肽, 或(iv)附 加的氨基酸序列融合于此多肽序列而形成的多肽(与前导序列、 分泌序列或 6Hi s 等标签序列融合而形成的然后蛋白)。 根据本文的教导, 这些片段、 衍生物和类似 物属于本领域熟练技术人员公知的范围。
如图 7所示, 显示了本发明多肽在人、 小鼠、 大鼠、 黑猩猩、 牛、 犬以及猫的 TRPC6蛋白中所对应的位置。 可见本发明多肽与多种哺乳动物中 TRPC6蛋白具有 高度同源性。
优选的本发明多肽是含有来自小鼠的 TRPC6蛋白第 487-507位氨基酸序列 (487-507aa)的活性片段或具有源自人相应 TRPC6蛋白第 488-508位序列的活性片 段或蛋白(如图 7所示)。 应理解, 该含有上述核心区的活性片段的长度可以不局 限于 21个氨基酸, 还可以含有额外的来源于 TRPC6蛋白(如人或非人哺乳动物 TRPC6蛋白)的侧翼氨基酸序列,通常该活性片段的长度为 20-100个,较佳地 21-70 个, 更佳地 21-40个氨基酸。 在本发明中, 活性片段不包括全长 TRPC6蛋白。 本发明的研究表明, 本发明多肽可特异性地抑制 Y分泌酶对 APP的切割, 从而 有效降低 Α β的水平, 进而改善 AD症状。 此外, 与现有的 γ分泌酶抑制剂相比, 本发明多肽的显著优点在于, 由于它不改变 Υ分泌酶对其他底物(如 Notch)的切 割功能, 因此副作用小。
AP0E基因
AP0E基因在人群当中有 AP0E2 , AP0E3 , AP0E4这三种基因型。 人群中约 80% 的个体携带 AP0E3,约 20%的个体携带 AP0E4 ,但是约有 40-50%散发型 AD患者携带 AP0E4基因型。 因此 AP0E基因被认为是散发型 AD中最重要的风险基因。 人体内 的 AP0E主要由肝脏产生后释放到血液里, 再随血液循环到达全身各处。 中枢神经 系统中胶质细胞也可以分泌 AP0E。 APOE基因在 AD中的作用体现在 AP0E3可以发 挥众多正常的生理作用: 如介导 Α β的清除和降解, 促进神经元突起的生长等; 而一旦 AP0E突变为 ΑΡ0Ε4以后, 这些正常的生理功能就受到影响, 从而增加了 AD的患病风险。 药物组合物和治疗用途
本发明多肽或 TRPC6促效剂(或激活剂)可直接用于疾病治疗和预防, 例如, 用 于 AD的治疗。 在使用本发明多肽或 TRPC6促效剂时, 还可同时使用其他治疗剂。
本发明多肽或 TRPC6促效剂等, 当在治疗上进行施用(给药)时, 可提供一种或 多种以下效果: (a)预防和 /或治疗 AD ; (b)降低 β -淀粉样蛋白水平; 和 /或(c)选 择性抑制 Υ分泌酶。 此外, 本发明多肽或 TRPC6激动剂不仅可取得良好的治疗效 果, 而且其副作用小(例如, 基本上不影响 Υ分泌酶对其他底物的切割功能)。
通常,可将这些物质配制于无毒的、惰性的和药学上可接受的水性载体介质中, 其中 ρΗ通常约为 5-8, 较佳地 ρΗ约为 6-8, 尽管 ρΗ值可随被配制物质的性质以 及待治疗的病症而有所变化。 配制好的药物组合物可以通过常规途径进行给药, 其中包括 (但并不限于): 肌内、 静脉内、 皮下、 皮内、 或局部给药。 当 TRPC6促 效剂是非蛋白类物质时, 还可以通过口服给药。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,它含有安全有效量的本发明多肽或其激动剂 以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。 这类载体包括 (但并不限于): 盐水、 缓冲液、 葡萄糖、 水、 甘油、 乙醇、 及其组合。 药物制剂应与给药方式相匹配。 本发明的 药物组合物可以被制成针剂形式, 例如用生理盐水或含有葡萄糖和其他辅剂的水 溶液通过常规方法进行制备。 诸如片剂和胶囊之类的药物组合物, 可通过常规方 法进行制备。 药物组合物如针剂、 溶液、 片剂和胶囊宜在无菌条件下制造。 活性 成分的给药量是治疗有效量, 例如每天约 1微克 /千克体重-约 5亳克 /千克体重。 此外, 本发明的多肽还可与其他治疗剂一起使用。
使用药物组合物时, 是将安全有效量的本发明多肽或其激动剂施用于哺乳动 物, 其中该安全有效量通常至少约 10微克 /千克体重, 而且在大多数情况下不超 过约 8亳克 /千克体重,较佳地该剂量是约 10微克 /千克体重-约 1亳克 /千克体重。 当然, 具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、 病人健康状况等因素, 这些都是熟练医师技 能范围之内的。
编码本发明多肽的多聚核苷酸也可用于治疗或预防目的,例如通过基因治疗方 式。 药物筛选方法
本发明还提供了基于 TRPC6进行药物筛选的方法。 一种方法是先筛选影响(增 强) TRPC6表达或活性的化合物,然后对筛选出的化合物进一步测试其对 Αβ的抑制 作用。
本发明提供的筛选预防或治疗 AD候选化合物的方法, 基于该化合物对 TRPC6 的表达量和 /或活性的影响, 一种典型的筛选方法包括步骤:
(a)测试组中, 在细胞的培养体系中添加测试化合物, 并观察所述测试组的细 胞中 TRPC6的表达量和 /或活性; 在对照组中, 在相同细胞的培养体系中不添加测 试化合物, 并观察对照组的所述细胞中 TRPC6的表达量和 /或活性;
其中, 如果测试组中细胞的 TRPC6的表达量和 /或活性高于对照组, 就表明该 测试化合物是对 TRPC6的表达和 /或活性有促进作用预防或治疗 AD候选化合物的 候选化合物。 和 /或
(b)对于步骤(a)中获得的候选化合物, 进一步测试其对 Αβ的抑制作用。例如, 在测试组中, 转染 ΑΡΡ的细胞培养体系中添加测试化合物, 并测试其对 Αβ的抑制 情况; 在对照组中, 在不添加测试化合物的情况下, 测试 Αβ的抑制情况; 其中, 如果测试组中 Αβ量低于对照组,就表明该测试化合物是对 Αβ有抑制作用的预防或 治疗 AD的候选化合物。
由于 TRPC6的表达水平与降低 Α β的关系更为密切, 因此优选检测 TRPC6的表 达量 (表达水平)。
TRPC6的表达水平可以在 mRNA水平或蛋白水平进行, 例如通过常规方法或市 售的设备和试剂(如抗体、 引物等)进行。 本发明的主要优点包括:
1. 首次提供了一种存在于外周血细胞中的、 易于早期预测或早期诊断 AD的 客观的生物标志物。 本发明首次证实了外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA与 AD发病的明显 的相关性, 从而确定外周血细胞中的 TRPC6 mRNA水平可以作为诊断 AD的分子生 物学依据, 同时也避免了匪 SE指标在临床应用的主观性和不确定性。
2. 将 AD诊断时间窗提前: 本发明直接从外周血细胞检测 TRPC6 mRNA以预测 或早期诊断 AD, 改进了以往技术中只能通过脑组织测定 TRPC6 mRNA水平, 将 AD 的诊断时间窗大幅提前, 为预防治疗 AD进行的早期干预提供了宝贵的时间。
3. 筛选出对治疗 AD起主要作用的多肽: 本发明在细胞水平和动物实验均进 行了大量筛选和验证,证实了 487-507aa构成的核心区是对治疗 AD起主要作用的 肽段, 推进了 AD治疗药物的开发。 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明本 发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通 常按照常规条件, 例如 Sambrook等人, 分子克隆: 实验室手册(New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)中所述的条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议 的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。 通用方法
1.外周血细胞总 RNA的提取
血液 RNA提取使用 QIAamp® RNA Blood Mini Kits (QIAGEN Cat : 52304)试剂 盒, 实验操作主要参照其说明书进行, 步骤如下:
1) 1倍体积血液加入 5倍体积 Buff er EL, 冰浴 10分钟。
2) 4° C 400 X g离心 10分钟。 加入 2倍体积 Buffer EL 重悬细胞, 再次离 心。
3) 加入 Buffer RLT, 震荡裂解细胞。
4细胞裂解液转至 QIAshredder spin column, 16000 x g离心 2分钟。 5) 加入 70%体积的乙醇, 震荡。 .
6) 样品转至 QIAamp spin column. 8000 x g离心 15秒。
7) 加入 700 μ 1 Buffer RW1洗柱, 8000 x g离心 15秒。
8) 加入 500 μ 1 Buffer RPE, 8000 x g离心 15秒。
9) 加入 500 μ 1 Buffer RPE, 20, 000 x g离心 3 分钟。 16000 x g离心 1 分钟。
10)加入 50 μ 1 RNase-free水, 8000 x g离心 1分钟, 将 RNA洗脱至 1.5 ml 离心管。 2.反转录
1) 往反应体系中加入总 RNAlOul和随机引物 lul, 70°C退火 5分钟, 让引物 和模板结合。
2) 之后往反应体系中加入逆转录酶 Buffer 4ul, Ribolock RNase inhibitor 0.5ul, RNase-free 7j 1.5ul, dNTPs 2ul, M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase lul, 震荡混匀后短暂离心, 得到 20ul反应体系, 设置反应温度 25°C, 10分钟, 42°C, 1小时, 70 °C, 10分钟, 即可得到 cDNA
3.实时荧光定量 PCR
配制反应体系: 2XqPCR Master Mix 10ul, 水 4ul, 稀释的 cDNA 5ul, 引物 lulo 震荡混匀后短暂离心, 加到 PCR反应管内。放入 qPCR仪中, 运行程序 95°C, 2min, lcycle→95°C, 10s + 63 °C, 30s, 40 cycles→95降到 60。 C, lcycle。 为降低操作误差每个样本做 3个复孔, 并先配制混合液再分装为 3个复管。
TRPC6 引物序列如 SEQ ID NO.: 1 (正义链); SEQ ID NO.: 2(反义链)所示; TRPC5引物序列为 SEQ ID NO.: 6(正义链); SEQ ID NO.: 7(反义链)所示; actin 引物序列 SEQ ID NO.: 8(正义链); SEQ ID NO.: 9(反义链)所示。
4.细胞和脑组织总 RNA的提取
细胞和脑组织总 RNA的提取使用 TRIzol® Reagent (Invitrogen Cat: 15596), 实验操作主要参照其说明书进行, 步骤如下:
1) 用 1ml Trizol匀浆细胞或半脑,混匀后于 RNAse free的 EP管内室温静置
5min。 2) 每个 EP加 0.2ml 氯仿, 剧烈震荡 30s, 室温静置 3min。 4度 13200g离心 15min。
3) 离心后液体分为 3层,小心将上层透明液相转入一个新的 RNase free 1.5ml EP管。
4) 每个 EP加 0.5ml 异丙醇, 剧烈震荡 30s, 室温静置 10min。 4度 13200g 离心 10min。
5) 弃上清, 往 EP管中加入 1ml 75%乙醇, 吹打沉淀。 4度 13200g离心 10min。
6) 弃上清, 往 EP管中加入 1ml无水乙醇, 吹打沉淀。 4度 13200g离心 10min。
7) 弃上清, 晾干沉淀。 加入 20ul RNase free水溶解 RNA。
5.细胞和脑组织蛋白的提取和 WB检测
细胞直接用 SDS刮取后 95°C变性 10分钟提取蛋白。脑组织用 RIPA匀浆后在 4 度旋转混合 30分钟, 13, 200转 4度离心取上清, 加 SDS95°C变性 10分钟提取蛋 白。 蛋白用 SDS- PAGE分离, 并用 TRPC6(SAB, 1: 300)和 TRPC5 (Alomone, 1: 200) 抗体检测。
6. APP/PS1的 AD小鼠模型的建立
a) APP/PS1小鼠(B6C3背景)购自美国 Jackson laboratory (#004462)。
b)构建 TRPC6转基因小鼠
用包含有 CaMKII α 编码区上游 8.5 Kb的启动子和 mouse TRPC6编码区的线性 质粒注射 C57BL6 小鼠和 FBN小鼠交配产生的受精卵, 得到的子一代小鼠再与 C57BL6小鼠交配, 得到纯 C57BL6背景的 TRPC6转基因小鼠。 CaMKII α 启动子驱 动 TRPC6在前脑的兴奋性神经元表达。 TRPC6转基因小鼠基因型的鉴定通过如 SEQ ID NO.: 10和 SEQ ID NO.: 11所示的引物进行。
c)将 C57背景的野生型小鼠与 6.1所述 APP/PS1小鼠交配,获得 C57背景的子 代,再将 TRPC6转基因小鼠与 C57背景的 APP/PS1小鼠交配,获得的子代为 APP/PS1 和 APP/PS1/TRPC6的小鼠模型。
7.免疫组化
老年斑的免疫组化参照了 VectaStain Universal ABC kit (VECTOR)的说明书。 脑片首先用 ¾02处理, 之后用甲酸进行抗原修复。 封闭之后, 用 Αβ抗体 6E10 (购 自 COVANCE公司)敷育过夜, 之后用二抗和 ABC复合体敷育, 最后用 DAB (购自 VECTOR公司)显色。 脑片经过脱水和透明后封片, 用 Neurolucidar拍片。
8. Α β 定量
细胞的培养基收集后 Α β 40和 Α β 42水平分别用 sandwich ELISA kit (购自
Invitorgen公司)定量。小鼠前脑解剖分离出来之后用 GuHCL匀浆, 之后用 ELISA 检测总 Α β。为了检测 TBST (Tris-Buffered Saline和 1% TritonXlOO, l%SDS,l%DOC) 可溶和不溶 Α β, 小鼠前脑首先用 TBST匀浆, 离心之后, 上清用 ELISA检测 TBST 可溶的 Α β, 沉淀则用 GuHCL进一步匀浆后用 ELISA检测 TBST不溶的 A β。
9.细胞培养和转染
ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ稳定细胞株用 10%FBS的 DMEM培养液(含 200ng/ml G418)培养。 C0S7C99细胞用 5%FBS, 1% NEAA和 200mM Glutamax的 MEM/F12培养液(含 0. 4ug/ml hygromycin B)培养。 所有转染均用 Lipofectamin 2000 (Invitrogen)完成。
10.荧光素酶活性检测
HEK293APP转染了 C99-GVP/UAS-Lucif erase以及 CTRL或 TRPC6质粒。 24小 时后将细胞裂解, 用荧光素检测系统(购自 Promega公司)检测荧光素酶活性。 一 起共转的 β "gal用来调平转染效率。 11. HEK293APP稳定细胞株的制备
HEK293细胞接种于 60 mm培养皿。当密度接近 80%时,用 Lipof ectamine 2000 转染 APP质粒 4 ug, 4小时候换液, 加入 400 ng/ml的 G418, 两天后进行细胞传 代, 并保持培液中 400 ng/ml的 G418。 两三周后, 未转染 APP的细胞逐渐死亡, 活下来的就是表达 APP的 HEK293细胞。 之后将 G418改成 200 ng/ml , 并一直保 持。 实施例 1 外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA水平在 AD患者中的特异性测定
设置以下组并收集来自多家医院的患者和对照的外周血液样品, 提取血细胞 RNA, 反转录得到 cDNA, 并通过实时荧光定量 PCR进行定量测试:
1. 1 外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA在以下各组中的水平比较:
a.散发性 AD (n=40,平均年龄 =80. 55 ± 5. 25岁); b.年龄匹配的非 AD对照 (n=45,平均年龄 =78.69±5· 63岁);
c.年轻的非 AD对照 (η=45,平均年龄 =60.6±6.56岁)。
结果显示: AD患者外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA水平显著低于年龄匹配的非 AD 对照组(***P<0.001; n=40-45),在年龄匹配和年轻的非 AD对照这两组之间, TRPC6 mRNA水平没有明显区别(n=45), 见图 la。
当将 a、 b、 c分别放大至如下所示的样本量后, 也能得到同样的结果: (见图
Id)
a.散发性 AD (n=127,平均年龄 =80.5±5.7 岁);
b.年龄匹配的非 AD 对照(n=110,平均年龄 =77.1±8.3 岁);
c.年轻的非 AD 对照(n=73,平均年龄 =57.5±5.4 岁)。
R0C曲线分析显示 AUC=0.8324, 敏感度 =78.74%, 特异度 =71.82% , 见图 le。
1.2 外周血细胞 TRPC5 mRNA在以下各组中的水平比较:
a.散发性 AD (n=28,平均年龄 =80.5±5.85岁);
b.年龄匹配的非 AD对照(n=14,平均年龄 =70.07±8.25岁);
c年轻的非 AD对照 (n=20,平均年龄 =57.45±5.36岁)。
结果显示: TRPC5的 mRNA水平在这三组之间没有明显差别(n=14-28), 见图 lb。
当将 a、 b、 c分别加大至如下所示的样本量后,也能得到同样的结果: (见 If): a.散发性 AD (n=50,平均年龄 =78.5±3.7 岁);
b.年龄匹配的非 AD 对照(n=28,平均年龄 =75.4±5.3 岁);
c.年轻的非 AD 对照(n=34,平均年龄 =56.5±4.1 岁)。
1.3 外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA在以下各组中的水平比较:
a. PD (帕金森病, Parkinson' s Disease)患者对照(n=18,平均年龄 =60± 10.85 岁);
b.年龄匹配的非 PD对照 (n=62,平均年龄 =64.08±8.01岁)。
结果显示: PD患者与非 PD对照组的外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA水平没有显著性 差异(n=18-62), 见图 lc。
当将 a、 b分别加大至如下所示的样本量后, 也能得到同样的结果: (见 lg) : a. PD (帕金森病, Parkinson' s Disease)患者(n=30,平均年龄 =65.2±2.5岁); b.年龄匹配的非 PD 对照(n=130,平均年龄 =62.1±4.2 岁)。 1. 4 AD患者外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA和其 MMSE的相关性:
为了分析 AD患者外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA和和其痴呆程度的相关性, 对 TRPC6 mRNA和 MMSE进行线性回归分析, 结果显示: R2=0. 1179, P=0. 0002 , 见图 lh。 这 提示痴呆程度越严重的 AD患者, 其外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA水平越低。
1. 5 外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA在以下各组中的水平比较:
a.早期 AD患者(n=51, MMSE>15,平均年龄 =74. 3 ± 3. 2 岁);
b.年龄匹配的非 AD 对照(n=110,平均年龄 =77. 1 ± 8. 3 岁)。
结果显示: 早期 AD患者外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA 水平显著低于年龄匹配的 非 AD对照组(P<0. 0001),见图 l i。R0C曲线分析显示 AUC=0. 8235, 敏感度 =78. 43%, 特异度 =70. 91% , 见图 lj。
1. 6 外周血细胞 TRPC6 mRNA在以下各组中的水平比较:
a. MCI (轻度认知下降, Mi ld cognitive impairment )患者(n=46,平均年龄
=73. 1 ± 2· 1 岁);
b.年龄匹配的非 MCI对照 (n=52,平均年龄 =71. 1 ± 4. 2 岁)。
结果显示: MCI患者外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA水平显著低于年龄匹配的非 MCI 对照组(***P<0. 0001), 见图 lk。 ROC曲线分析显示 AUC=0. 8370, 敏感度 =76. 79%, 特异度 =84. 62% , 见图 11。
由上可得出结论:
在 AD病人外周血细胞中, TRPC家族成员 TRPC6的 mRNA水平显著低于正常人 群, 且并不由于年龄的增长而逐渐降低, 并与痴呆指标匪 SE有一定相关性; 同时 其它 TRPC成员分子(如 TRPC5)的 mRNA水平在年龄匹配的非 AD对照组和 AD患者 之间没有显著性差异; 此外 PD患者外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA水平与对照组没有 左升。
因此, 外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA在 AD (包括早期 AD ) 和 MCI患者中表达水平 显著低于正常人群, 可作为外周血细胞早期预测和辅助诊断 AD 的特异性的分子 生物标记物。 实施例 2细胞及动物水平 TRPC6 mRNA水平与 Α β 的相关性测定
2. 1 细胞转染实验 对 HEK293(ATCC CRL-1573)进行 A β 前体蛋白 APP转染, 按通用方法将 HEK293 细胞接种于 12孔板,密度接近 80%。每个孔用 Lipofectamine2000转染 lug质粒, 48小时后用免疫印迹法检测蛋白的表达情况),并测定 APP过量时, TRPC6或 TRPC5 的 mRNA和蛋白水平。
结果如图 2a、 b所示: 在细胞模型中过量产生 Αβ, 不影响 TRPC6或 TRPC5的 mRNA和蛋白水平(平均值士标准误, n=3) ; 其中, 微管蛋白为内参蛋白; ns代表 无显著性差异。
2.2 动物实验
比较 WT小鼠与 APP/PS1的 AD小鼠模型过量产生 Αβ 后, TRPC6或 TRPC5的 mRNA 水平有无变化。其中, 按照通用方法 4提取 APP/PS1小鼠和 WT小鼠的外周血细胞 和脑组织总 RNA, 反转录并进行 TRPC6或 TRPC5的 mRNA检测, 并以通用方法 5进 行 TRPC6抗体检测。
结果如图 2c,d所示: 与 WT小鼠相比, APP/PS1小鼠的外周血细胞和脑组织中 的 TRPC6或 TRPC5 mRNA水平均没有明显变化(平均值士标准误; n=4-10个小鼠); 脑组织中的 TRPC6蛋白水平也没有明显变化, 见图 2e。 本实施例结果提示, 在细胞和小鼠模型中, TRPC6 mRNA和蛋白水平并没有随 着 Αβ 的增加而降低, 可见 AD患者外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA水平较低, 不是由 于 Αβ 的积累而逐渐下降所导致的,而是在发病之前就处于较低的水平。故 TRPC6 适合作为早期诊断 AD的标志物。 实施例 3 细胞水平及体内表达 TRPC对 Αβ 水平的影响测定
3.1 在 ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ稳转细胞系里检测过表达 TRPC是否可以降低 Αβ 水平 在 ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ稳转细胞系里分别过表达 TRPC6和 TRPC5(细胞接种于 12孔板, 密度接近 80%。 每个孔用 Lipofectamine2000转染 lug质粒, 48小时后用 ELISA 检测培液里的 Αβ 水平)。
结果见表 1和图 3a。
表 1
HEK293APP
过表达空载 过表达 TRPC6 过表达 TRPC5 稳转细胞系
Αβ 40 1 0.6839±0· 07359 0.9900±0.02548 Αβ 42 1 0.6734±0· 06994 0.9488±0.02053
3.2在原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元里敲除 TRPC6和 TRPC5是否会导致 Α β 水平 增加
SD大鼠怀孕后第 17天取出胎鼠, 分离获得大脑皮层神经元, 用 ΑΜΑΧΑ核酸电 转仪电转 TRPC6 siRNAl如 SEQ ID NO.: 12 (正义链)以及 SEQ ID NO.: 13(反义链) 所示; TRPC6 siRNA2如 SEQ ID NO.: 18 (GCUUGACUUUGGAAUGUUATT正义链)以及 SEQ ID NO.: 19 (UAACAUUCCAAAGUCAAGCTT反义链)所示; 对照 siRNA如 SEQ ID NO.: 14 (正义链)以及 SEQ ID NO.: 15 (反义链)所示; TRPC5 siRNA如 SEQ ID NO.: 20 (AACGCCUUCUCCACGCUCUUU正义链)以及 SEQ ID NO.: 21 (AAAGAGCGUGGAGAAGGCGUU 反义链)所示。 电转后第 7天用 ELISA检测神经元培养液里的 Αβ 水平
结果如表 6及图 3c显示:
表 6
Figure imgf000021_0001
可见, 敲除了 TRPC6之后, 培养液里的 Αβ 明显增加, 而敲除 TRPC5 则不影 响 Αβ水平, 见图 3b-c。
3.3 APP/PS1小鼠的神经元中过表达 TRPC6对老年斑沉积和 A β 水平的影响 将在前脑兴奋性神经元过表达 TRPC6的转基因小鼠和 AD的模型小鼠 APP/PS1 小鼠交配, 在子代的 APP/PS1和 APP/PS1/TRPC6小鼠中检测老年斑和 Αβ 水平。
老年斑的免疫组化: 通用方法 7(η=11)
Αβ 水平: 通用方法 8(η=13-14)
TBST可溶 Αβ 和不可溶 Α β 水平: 通用方法 8(η=13-14)
结果如表 2和图 4所示。
表 2
Figure imgf000021_0002
Αβ 42水平 2.143 + 0.2705ng/mg 1.236±0.2159ng/mg
Αβ 40: 2.003±0· 1313pg/mg Α β 40: 1.398±0.1024pg/mg
TBST可溶 Α β
Αβ 42:
水平 Αβ 42: 1.593±0.3456pg/mg
0.6546±0.06741pg/mg
Αβ 40:
TBST不溶 A β Α β 40: 0.5537±0· 08580ng/mg
0.2958±0· 05753ng/mg 水平
Αβ 42: 2.137 + 0.2149ng/mg Αβ 42: 1.361 + 0.1903ng/mg 由此可见, TRPC6在细胞水平明显减少了细胞培养液中 Αβ 水平, 在原代培养 的大鼠皮层神经元里敲除了 TRPC6, 培养液里的 Αβ 明显增加; 另外在神经元中 过表达 TRPC6可以在 APP/PS1小鼠中降低老年斑沉积和 Αβ 水平。 因此, 细胞实 验和动物实验均表明, TRPC6可降低 Αβ 水平。 实施例 4 TRPC6对 γ分泌酶切割其底物的影响测定
4.1 TRPC6对 γ 分泌酶切割 C99的影响, 其中, C99为 ΑΡΡ的 C端 99个氨基 酸, 是 Υ 分泌酶的直接底物。
使用通用方法 9转染细胞, η=5, 得到过表达 TRPC6的 C0S7C99细胞, 细胞接 种于 12孔板, 密度接近 80%。 每个孔用 Lipofectamine2000转染 lug质粒, 48 小时后用 ELISA检测培液里的 Αβ 水平。
结果如表 3和图 5所示:
表 3
Figure imgf000022_0001
由表 3可见, 过表达 TRPC6减少了 C99被 γ 分泌酶切割产生的 Αβ, 也减少 了 C99被 γ 分泌酶切割后所激活的 luciferase活性。
4.2 TRPC6对 γ 分泌酶切割 Notch的影响 将细胞接种于 12孔板, 密度接近 80%。每个孔用 L ipofectami ne2000转染 lug TRPC6质粒和 lug Notch质粒, 48小时后用免疫印迹法检测 Notch蛋白的表达情 况。 其中, NICD (notch intracel lul ar domain)是由 NotchAE- myc被 γ 分泌酶 切割产生的胞内片段, 反映了 Υ 分泌酶对 Notch切割的多少。
结果显示,过表达 TRPC6不会改变 NICD水平,即 TRPC6不影响 γ分泌酶对 Notch 的切割。
以上结果表明, TRPC6蛋白(包括野生型全长蛋白)可以特异地抑制 γ 分泌酶 切割 APP (C99)从而减少 Α β 的产生, 同时却不影响其切割 Notch的功能。 实施例 5 对起活性作用的 TRPC6蛋白跨膜多肽的筛选和锁定
5. 1 活性跨膜肽段的初步筛选
将 TRPC6蛋白分为若干个肽段,并对若干个肽段对 A β 水平的影响进行筛选, 分别构建 TRPC6以下不同片段的表达质粒: l〜405aa, 725〜930aa, 389〜930aa, 389〜510aa, 437〜633aa, 508〜633aa。
后将 HEK293APP稳转细胞接种于 12孔板, 密度接近 80%。 每个孔用
L ipofectami ne2000转染 lug质粒, 48小时后用 ELISA检测培液里的 A β 水平, 将目标肽段初步锁定于第 437-507位氨基酸。
几个显著的肽段对 Α β 水平的影响测试结果如表 4和图 6所示:
表 4
Figure imgf000023_0001
由此显示,包含 437-507aa的突变体均能下降 Α β, 而不包含这一片段的突变 体则不能下调 Α β 水平, 这表明 437-507aa对于 TRPC6下调 Α β 水平是至关重要 的。 5. 2 活性跨膜肽段的锁定
TRPC6的 437-508aa包含第一跨膜区 (TM1 ) , 第一胞外区 (Loopl ) , 第二跨 膜区(TM2 )。为了锁定活性区域,构建了三个 TRPC6突变体质粒,分别为 C6-mut l : 用 TMl序列替换 TM2 ; C6-mut2 : 将 TM2序列颠倒; C6-mut3 : TM2序列内包含点突 变。 后将 HEK293APP 稳转细胞接种于 12 孔板, 密度接近 80%。 每个孔用
Lipofectamine2000 转染 lug 质粒, 48 小时后用 ELISA 检测培液里的 Α β水平, 将目标肽段锁定于第 487-507位氨基酸。
结果如表 7 和图 6g和图 6h 所示:
表 7
Figure imgf000024_0001
由此显示, ΤΜ2结构域 (487-507aa) 的突变体质粒均不能下降 A β水平, 表明 487-507aa对于 TRPC6 下调 Α β水平是至关重要的, 是抑制 γ分泌酶切割 ΑΡΡ 的 核心区。 实施例 6 包含 487-507aa的融合肽的构成及测试
6. 1 在细胞水平检测融合肽是否降低 Αβ水平
6. 1. 1 ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ稳转细胞系及原代培养皮层神经元中检测融合肽段是否可以 降低 Α β 水平
在本实施例中, 选择了第二跨膜区(487-507aa, TM2)与穿膜肽 TAT融合进行合 成,得到了融合肽 TAT-TM2以及突变体肽 TAT-TM2-mut,检测了其对 HEK293APP稳 转细胞系 Α β 的水平的影响。 其中, 肽段由 ChinaPept ides公司合成, 序列如表 12所示。
结果如表 8 和图 9a所示:
表 8
Figure imgf000024_0002
表 12 融合肽 SEQ ID NO.: 序列
TAT 16 GRKKRRQRRRC
TAT-TM2 17 TSCFSWMEMLI ISWVIGMIWAGRKKRRQRRRC
TAT-TM2-mut 22 TSCFSWMEML I I SDD IGMDDAGRKKRRQRRRC
TAT-TM2-N 23 TSCFSWMEMLGRKKRRQRRRC
TAT-TM2-C 24 I ISWVIGMIWAGRKKRRQRRRC
TAT-TM2-C-ml 25 DDSWVIGMIWAGRKKRRQRRRC
TAT-TM2-C-m2 26 I ISDDIGMIWAGRKKRRQRRRC
TAT-TM2-C-m3 27 I ISWVIGMDDAGRKKRRQRRRC
6. 1. 2在 HEK293APP稳转细胞系检测了不同剂量的融合肽 TAT-TM2对 Α β水平 的影响。
结果如表 5和图 6e或图 9b所示:
表 5
Figure imgf000025_0001
由此可见, ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2可以在 ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ细胞上剂量依赖地下调 Α β 水平。
6. 1. 3在原代培养皮层神经元中检测了融合肽 ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2对 Α β水平的影响, 结 果如图 9c所示:
Α β 40: 为对照组的 83%, η=6, ρ=0. 0072;
Α β 42: 为对照组的 68%, η=3, ρ=0. 0035 由此可见, ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2 可以在 ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ 细胞上剂量依赖地下调 Α β 水平, 而 TAT-TM2-mut则不能影响 A β水平。 ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2在原代培养皮层神经元中也能下调 A β水平。
6. 1. 4 检测突变体对 ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ细胞 Αβ水平的影响
为了寻找更短的可以影响 Α β水平的肽段, ΤΜ2被分成了 Ν端与 C端, 分别与 ΤΑΤ融合, 检测了 TAT- ΤΜ2- N, TAT- ΤΜ2- C以及 TAT- ΤΜ2- C突变体对 ΗΕΚ293ΑΡΡ细 胞上 Α β水平的影响。 肽段由 ChinaPept i des公司合成, 序列如表 12所示。 结果 如表 9 和图 9d-e 所示:
表 9
Figure imgf000026_0001
可见, TAT-TM2-C可以在 HEK293APP细胞上下调 Α β水平, 其突变体
TAT-TM2-C-m2禾卩 TAT- TM2- C- m3以及 TAT- TM2- N则不能影响 A β水平。 ΤΜ2- C对于 ΤΜ2下调 Α β水平至关重要。
6. 2 在 APP/PS1 小鼠中检测 ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2 是否可以降低 Α β 水平
在 APP/PS 1 小鼠中腹腔注射 ΤΑΤ与 ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2 , 3小时后取小鼠大脑制备样品和 检测 Α β水平: 通用方法 8 (η=8)
结果如表 10 和图 9f 所示。
表 10
Figure imgf000026_0002
可见, TAT-TM2在 APP/PS 1小鼠中也能下调 Αβ的水平。 实施例 7 化合物筛选
在本实施例中, 在 mRNA水平进行药物筛选, 方法如下:
测试组中, 在 HEK293细胞的培养体系中添加测试化合物, 并观察所述测试组 的细胞中 TRPC6的表达量(抽提细胞的总 RNA, 反转录为 cDNA ; 然后通过荧光定量 PCR测定表达量); 在对照组中, 在相同细胞的培养体系中不添加测试化合物, 并 观察对照组的所述细胞中 TRPC6的表达量;
其中, 如果测试组中细胞的 TRPC6的表达量高于对照组, 就表明该测试化合物 是对 TRPC6的表达有促进作用, 可用于预防或治疗 AD的候选化合物。
结果:
用双盲法测试了 5种候选化合物。 结果表明, 一种候选化合物 C可上调 TRPC6 的表达量。 进一步分析表明, 该化合物 C为 CoCl2。 实施例 8 AP0E基因型与 TRPC6 mRNA水平的相关性测定
8. 1 外周血细胞的 TRPC6 mRNA水平与 AP0E基因型的相关性分析
散发性 AD, 年龄匹配的非 AD对照和年轻的非 AD对照都按照 AP0E的基因型分 组, 或把所有个体按照 AP0E的基因型分组, 然后分析组间差异。
结果显示: AP0E3基因型的个体 TRPC6 mRNA水平相对较高, AP0E4基因型的个 体 TRPC6 mRNA水平相对较低 (***P<0. 001 ) , 见图 8a。 其中, AD-4*4, AD- 3*3, AD-3*4,分别表示 AD患者中 AP0E4纯合子个体, AP0E3纯合子个体, AP0E3和 4 杂合子个体。 Control- 2*3, Control- 3*3, Control- 3*4,分别表示对照中 AP0E2 和 3杂合子个体, AP0E3纯合子个体, AP0E3和 4杂合子个体。 Comb ined-2*3, Comb ined-3*3 , Comb ined-3*4,分别表示所有个体中 AP0E2和 3杂合子个体, AP0E3 纯合子个体, AP0E3和 4杂合子个体。
结论: AD和对照组中都可以分别看到: AP0E3*3的个体, 其 TRPC6 mRNA 的平 均值水平高于 AP0E3*4的个体。当把所有个体按照 AP0E的基因型分组后可以看到, AP0E3*3个体的 TRPC6 mRNA 的水平显著高于 AP0E3*4的个体 (P<0. 001 ) 。
8. 2 细胞实验
含有 AP0E不同 i soform的培养液上清加入 Jurkat (人的外周血 T细胞株)中, 5小时后检测 TRPC6或 TRPC5的 mRNA水平(平均值士标准误, n=5)
结果显示:含有 AP0E3的培养液上清可以增加 Jurkat细胞中 TRPC6的 mRNA水 平, 但是含有 AP0E4的培养液上清不影响 Jurkat细胞中 TRPC6的 mRNA水平。 含 有 AP0E3或 AP0E4的培养液上清不影响 Jurkat细胞中 TRPC5的 mRNA水平, 见图 8b。 含有 AP0E不同 i soform的培养液上清加入体外培养第 8天的大鼠神经元细胞 中, 2小时后检测 TRPC6或 TRPC5的 mRNA水平(平均值士标准误, n=8)
结果显示: 含有 AP0E3的培养液上清可以增加大鼠神经元中 TRPC6的 mRNA水 平, 但是含有 AP0E4的培养液上清不影响大鼠神经元中 TRPC6的 mRNA水平。含有 AP0E3或 AP0E4的培养液上清不影响大鼠神经元中 TRPC5的 mRNA水平, 见图 8c。 实施例 9 TAT-TM2 对 γ 分泌酶切割其底物的影响测定
9. 1 TAT-TM2 对 γ 分泌酶切割 C99 的影响
C99 为 APP的 C端 99个氨基酸, 是 Y分泌酶的直接底物。 将 C0S7C99 细胞接 种于 12孔板, 密度接近 100%。 每个孔用 5um 肽段处理 12小时后用 ELISA 检测 培液里的 Α β水平。
结果如表 11 和图 10 所示:
表 11
Figure imgf000028_0001
由表 11可见, TAT-TM2减少了 C99被 γ分泌酶切割产生的 Α β, 也减少了 C99 被 Υ 分泌酶切割后所激活的荧光素酶活性。
9. 2 ΤΑΤ-ΤΜ2 对 γ 分泌酶切割 Notch 的影响
将细胞接种于 12孔板, 密度接近 80%。每个孔用 Lipofectamine2000转染 lug Notch 质粒, 24小时后再用 5um肽段处理 12小时, 用免疫印迹法检测 Notch 蛋 白的表达情况。 其中, NICD (notch intracel lular domain)是由 NotchAE—myc被 Y 分泌酶切割产生的胞内片段, 反映了 Υ分泌酶对 Notch 切割的多少。
结果如图 6f 或图 10c所示, TAT-TM2不会改变 NICD水平,即 TAT-TM2不影响 Y分泌酶对 Notch的切割。
以上结果表明, TAT-TM2特异地抑制 γ分泌酶切割 APP (C99)从而减少 Α β的产 生, 同时却不影响其切割 Notch的功能。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单 独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领 域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附 权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一禾中经典型瞬时受体电位通道 6 (transient receptor potential canonical 6, TRPC6)基因或其蛋白的用途,其特征在于,用于制备通过检测而预测或诊断阿尔茨海 默病(AD)的试剂或试剂盒。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的检测是测定外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA水平。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的 TRPC6来自哺乳动物, 较佳地 来自人、 小鼠、 大鼠。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的试剂包括: 引物、 探针、 核酸 芯片、 蛋白芯片、 特异性针对 TRPC6的抗体。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的引物如 SEQ ID NO.: 1 (正义 链)和 SEQ ID NO.: 2 (反义链)所示的引物对。
6. 一种通过测定外周血细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA进而预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病的试剂 盒, 其特征在于, 所述的试剂盒包括用于检测 TRPC6的核酸芯片或特异性扩增 TRPC6 mRNA或 cDNA的引物, 以及说明书, 其中所述说明书包括以下说明: 通过测定外周血 细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA来预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病。
7. 一种 TRPC6 mRNA的检测试剂的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备通过检测外周血 细胞中 TRPC6 mRNA的表达水平从而早期预测或诊断阿尔茨海默病的试剂盒。 (a) 提取来 裣测对象的外周愈.或外周愈.缁胞的 RN
(b) 检涵所述 mRNA中 ' I RPC6 mRNA的表达水平, 并与正常人群进行比较, 如果显 著低于正常人群, 則提示该对象患 AI)的机率或易感性高予正常人群患 AD的机率 或易感性。
9. 一种 TRPC6蛋白或其衍生蛋白或促效剂的用途, 其特征在于, 用于(a)制备 预防和 /或治疗 AD的药物; (b)制备降低 β -淀粉样蛋白水平的药物; 和 /或(c)制 备 Υ分泌酶活性的调制剂(尤其是作为选择性抑制剂)。
10. 一种分离的多肽, 其特征在于, 所述多肽选自下组:
(a) 由含 TRPC6蛋白的第 487-507位的氨基酸序列所构成的多肽;
(b) 由多肽(a)与穿膜肽元件形成的融合蛋白;
(c) 由多肽(a)或(b)通过添加、 缺失、 或改变一个或多个氨基酸而衍生的且具 有下调 A β水平且不影响 γ分泌酶切割 Notch的功能的衍生多肽; (d) 氨基酸序列对应于 TRPC6蛋白的 TM2区(487-507aa)的多肽, 或 TM2区与 穿膜肽元件形成的融合蛋白, 并且所述多肽或融合蛋白(d)具有下调 A β水平且不 影响 Υ分泌酶切割 Notch的功能。
11. 一种多核苷酸, 其特征在于, 所述多核苷酸编码权利要求 10所述的多肽。
12. 一种载体, 其特征在于, 所述载体含有权利要求 11所述的多核苷酸。
13. 一种宿主细胞, 其特征在于, 所述细胞含有权利要求 12所述的载体, 或 所述细胞的基因组整合有外源的权利要求 11所述的多核苷酸。
14. 一种产生权利要求 10所述的多肽的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括: (i)培养权利要求 13所述的宿主细胞, 从而表达权利要求 10所述的多肽; 和 (i i)从培养体系中分离出权利要求 10所述的多肽。
15. 一种药物组合物, 其特征在于, 含有药学上可接受的载体和权利要求 10 所述的多肽。
16. 一种权利要求 10所述的多肽、 权利要求 11所述的多核苷酸、 权利要求 12所述的载体或权利要求 15所述的药物组合物的用途, 其特征在于, 用于(a)制 备预防和 /或治疗 AD的药物; (b)制备降低 β -淀粉样蛋白水平的药物; 和 /或(c) 制备 Υ分泌酶活性的调制剂(尤其是选择性抑制剂)。
17. 一种筛选预防或治疗 AD化合物的方法, 其特征在于, 包括步骤:
(a)测试组中, 在细胞的培养体系中添加测试化合物, 并观察所述测试组的细 胞中 TRPC6的表达量和 /或活性; 在对照组中, 在相同细胞的培养体系中不添加测 试化合物, 并观察对照组的所述细胞中 TRPC的表达量和 /或活性;
其中, 如果测试组中细胞的 TRPC6的表达量和 /或活性高于对照组, 就表明该 测试化合物是对 TRPC6的表达和 /或活性有增强作用的预防或治疗 AD的候选化合 物。
18. 一种预防和或治疗 AD和 /或 CI的方法, 其特征在于, 向所需要的对象施 用安全有效量的如权利要求 ] 0所述的多肽或权利要求 15所述的药物组合物。
PCT/CN2014/071325 2013-02-04 2014-01-24 外周血细胞TRPC6mRNA水平用于早期预测/诊断老年性痴呆 Ceased WO2014117680A2 (zh)

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