WO2014097362A1 - 半導体装置及びその制御方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置及びその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014097362A1 WO2014097362A1 PCT/JP2012/008187 JP2012008187W WO2014097362A1 WO 2014097362 A1 WO2014097362 A1 WO 2014097362A1 JP 2012008187 W JP2012008187 W JP 2012008187W WO 2014097362 A1 WO2014097362 A1 WO 2014097362A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
- H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
- H03L1/022—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature
- H03L1/027—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only by indirect stabilisation, i.e. by generating an electrical correction signal which is a function of the temperature by using frequency conversion means which is variable with temperature, e.g. mixer, frequency divider, pulse add/subtract logic circuit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
- G06F1/206—Cooling means comprising thermal management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/28—Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
- G06F1/324—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by lowering clock frequency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a control method thereof.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose techniques for controlling the operating frequency (frequency of the operating clock) in accordance with the temperature of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or processor.
- the operating frequency is switched from the first frequency to the second frequency higher than the first frequency.
- an electronic device such as a wireless communication terminal, for example, and a high-quality semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a wireless communication device according to a first embodiment.
- 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an application processor 601 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a power reduction mode control method (main routine) according to Embodiment 1;
- 3 is a flowchart for illustrating a reference temperature calculation method (subroutine 1) according to the first embodiment.
- 6 is a flowchart for explaining a measured temperature acquisition method (subroutine 2) according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a graph schematically showing a configuration of power consumption in a low temperature (measured temperature Ta ⁇ reference temperature Tref), that is, an idle power reduction mode, of the semiconductor device according to the example of the first embodiment.
- 4 is a graph schematically showing a configuration of power consumption in a semiconductor device according to an example of the first embodiment at a high temperature (reference temperature Tref ⁇ measured temperature Ta), that is, in a leakage power reduction mode.
- 3 is a graph showing temperature dependence of power consumption of a semiconductor device according to an example of the first embodiment.
- 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an application processor 601 according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) for explaining leakage current.
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
- the MOSFET shown in FIG. 1 includes a silicon substrate 90, a gate 91, a source 92, a drain 93, and a gate insulating film 94. Further, this MOSFET includes a sidewall 95 formed on the side surface of the gate 91, a gate contact 96 formed on the gate 91, a source contact 97 formed on the source 92, and a drain contact 98 formed on the drain 93. It has.
- a subthreshold leak current I SUB a gate leak current (gate tunnel current) I GATE , and a GIDL (Gate-Induced Drain Leakage) current I GIDL .
- the subthreshold leakage current I SUB is a current that flows between the drain 93 and the source 92 when the MOSFET is off.
- the subthreshold leakage current I SUB tends to increase with a decrease in threshold voltage in recent MOSFETs.
- the subthreshold leakage current I SUB has a large temperature dependence, and increases rapidly as the junction temperature (channel temperature) of the MOSFET increases.
- the gate leakage current (gate tunneling current) I GATE is generated between the gate 91 and the silicon substrate 90 (or between the gate 91 and the source 92 or between the gate 91 and the drain) because electrons pass through the thin gate insulating film 94 by the tunnel effect. 93).
- a GIDL (Gate-Induced Drain Leakage) current I GIDL is a current that flows through the drain 93 and the silicon substrate 90 because an electric field between the gate 91 and the drain 92 causes a tunnel phenomenon.
- the gate leakage current I GATE and the GIDL current I GIDL increase as the gate insulating film 94 becomes thinner as the MOSFET is miniaturized. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the gate leakage current I GATE and the GIDL current I GIDL is small.
- FIG. 2A is a graph showing the operating frequency dependence of power consumption in a certain processing load.
- FIG. 2B is a graph showing temperature dependence of power consumption in a certain processing load.
- the power consumption is composed of active power P A , idle power P I , and leak power P L.
- the active power P A a power consumed by the semiconductor device to perform the actual processing. Therefore, if the processing load is also constant active power P A becomes constant.
- the idle power is power that is consumed when the status (operating state) of the semiconductor device is in an idle state, and is always consumed if a power supply and a clock are supplied.
- Leakage power is power consumed by leakage current, and is always consumed when power is supplied.
- the status of the semiconductor device will be described. There are three statuses of the semiconductor device: an active state, an idle state, and a shutdown state.
- the active state is a state where power and a clock are supplied and processing is actually performed.
- the semiconductor device is an application processor for a wireless communication terminal, it is in a state of actually performing processing such as wireless data communication, music playback, and video playback.
- the active state all of the active power P A , the idle power P I and the leak power P L are generated.
- the idle state (also referred to as a stall state) is a state in which power and a clock are supplied but processing is not actually executed (that is, a state waiting for a response from the target).
- idle power P I and leakage power P L occurs, active power P A is not generated.
- the shutdown state is a state where power and a clock are not supplied. In the shutdown state, none of the active power P A , the idle power P I , and the leak power P L is generated.
- the active power P A and the leak power P L do not show operating frequency (frequency of the operating clock) dependency.
- idle power P I increases in proportion to the operating frequency. Therefore, the overall power consumption also increases as the operating frequency increases.
- the active power P A and the idle power P I do not show temperature dependence.
- the leakage power P L is sharply increases with increasing temperature. Therefore, the overall power consumption also increases rapidly with increasing temperature.
- FIG. 3 is a table summarizing the dependence on the operating frequency and temperature for each of the leakage power P L , the idle power P I , and the active power P A.
- the leakage power P L does not depend on the operating frequency, dependent on the temperature.
- the temperature increases as the temperature increases.
- Idle power P I is dependent on the operating frequency, it does not depend on the temperature.
- FIG. 2A it rises as the operating frequency rises.
- Active power P A does not depend on any operating frequency and temperature.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are comparative examples studied by the present inventors.
- the power consumption of a semiconductor device in which the operating frequency is set high at low temperatures and the operating frequency is set low at high temperatures is examined.
- FIG. 4A is a graph schematically showing a configuration of power consumption at a low temperature of the semiconductor device according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 4B is a graph schematically showing a configuration of power consumption at a high temperature of the semiconductor device according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B each show a configuration of power consumption in a certain processing load.
- the horizontal axis represents time [s] and the vertical axis represents power consumption [W / s] per unit time.
- the operation clock (CLOCK) and status (STATUS) are shown according to the time on the horizontal axis.
- the leak power P L and the idle power P I per unit time are constant regardless of the idle state or the active state. Active power P A occurs only in the active state. Further, no power consumption occurs in the shutdown state.
- the time integral value of the power consumption per unit time shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B (that is, the area of the graph shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, that is, the number of cells) is the power consumption.
- the inventors examined the power consumption reduction of the semiconductor device. The details will be described below.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are external views showing a configuration example of the wireless communication terminal 500.
- FIG. 5A and 5B are external views showing a configuration example of the wireless communication terminal 500.
- the wireless communication terminal 500 is a smartphone.
- the wireless communication terminal 500 may be another wireless communication terminal such as a feature phone (for example, a foldable mobile phone terminal), a mobile game terminal, a tablet PC (Personal Computer), or a notebook PC.
- a feature phone for example, a foldable mobile phone terminal
- a mobile game terminal for example, a mobile game terminal
- a tablet PC Personal Computer
- notebook PC notebook PC
- the semiconductor device according to this embodiment can also be applied to devices other than wireless communication terminals.
- FIG. 5A shows one main surface (front surface) of the housing 501 forming the wireless communication terminal 500.
- a display device 502, a touch panel 503, several operation buttons 504, and a camera device 505 are arranged on the front surface of the housing 501.
- FIG. 5B shows the other main surface (back surface) of the housing 501.
- a camera device 506 is disposed on the back surface of the housing 501.
- the display device 502 is a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display) or an organic EL display (OLED: Organic Light-Emitting Diode).
- LCD Liquid Crystal Display
- OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
- the touch panel 503 is disposed so as to cover the display surface of the display device 502 or is disposed on the back surface side of the display device 502, and detects a contact position on the display surface by the user. That is, the user can intuitively operate the wireless communication terminal 500 by touching the display surface of the display device 502 with a finger or a dedicated pen (generally called a stylus).
- the operation button 504 is used for an auxiliary operation on the wireless communication terminal 500. Note that such operation buttons may not be provided depending on the wireless communication terminal.
- the camera device 505 is a sub camera arranged so that its lens unit is located on the front surface of the housing 501. Depending on the wireless communication terminal, such a sub camera may not be provided.
- the camera device 506 is a main camera arranged so that its lens unit is located on the back surface of the housing 501.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of radio communication apparatus 600 according to Embodiment 1.
- the wireless communication device 600 is, for example, the internal configuration of the wireless communication terminal 500 shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the wireless communication apparatus 600 includes an application processor (host IC) 601, a baseband processor 602, an RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit) 603, a main memory 604, a battery 605, and a power management IC (PMIC).
- Integrated Circuit 606, a display unit 607, a camera unit 608, an operation input unit 609, an audio IC 610, a microphone 611, and a speaker 612.
- Application processor (host IC) 601 is a semiconductor integrated circuit that reads a program stored in main memory 604 and performs processing for realizing various functions of wireless communication apparatus 600.
- the application processor 601 reads an OS (Operating System) program from the main memory 604 and executes it, and also executes an application program based on the OS program.
- OS Operating System
- the baseband processor 602 performs baseband processing including encoding (for example, error correction encoding such as convolutional code and turbo code) processing or decoding processing on data transmitted and received by the mobile communication terminal.
- encoding for example, error correction encoding such as convolutional code and turbo code
- the baseband processor 602 receives transmission audio data from the audio IC 610, performs an encoding process on the received transmission audio data, and transmits it to the RFIC 603.
- the baseband processor 602 receives the received audio data from the RFIC 603, performs a decoding process on the received received audio data, and transmits it to the audio IC 610.
- the RFIC 603 performs analog RF signal processing.
- Analog RF signal processing includes frequency up-conversion, frequency down-conversion, amplification and the like.
- the RFIC 603 generates a transmission RF signal from the transmission voice data modulated by the baseband processor 602, and wirelessly transmits the transmission RF signal via an antenna.
- the RFIC 603 wirelessly receives a reception RF signal via an antenna, generates reception voice data from the reception RF signal, and transmits the reception voice data to the baseband processor 602.
- the main memory (external memory) 604 stores programs and data used by the application processor 601.
- a DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- the main memory 604 may be a non-volatile memory that holds stored data when the power is turned off.
- the battery 605 is a battery and is used when the wireless communication apparatus 600 operates without depending on an external power source. Note that the wireless communication apparatus 600 may use the power supply of the battery 605 even when an external power supply is connected. As the battery 605, a secondary battery is preferably used.
- the power management IC 606 generates an internal power supply from the battery 605 or an external power supply. This internal power supply is given to each block of the wireless communication apparatus 600. At this time, the power management IC 606 controls the voltage of the internal power supply for each block that receives the supply of the internal power supply. The power management IC 606 performs voltage control of the internal power supply based on an instruction from the application processor 601. Further, the power management IC 606 can control supply and interruption of internal power for each block. The power management IC 606 also controls charging to the battery 605 when external power is supplied.
- the display unit 607 corresponds to the display device 502 in FIGS. 5A and 5B, and is a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic EL display (OLED: Organic Light-Emitting Diode). .
- the display unit 607 displays various images according to processing in the application processor 601.
- the image displayed on the display unit 607 includes a user interface image, a camera image, a moving image, and the like that the user gives an operation instruction to the wireless communication apparatus 600.
- the camera unit 608 acquires an image in accordance with an instruction from the application processor 601.
- the camera unit 608 corresponds to the camera devices 505 and 506 in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the operation input unit 609 is a user interface that is operated by a user to give an operation instruction to the wireless communication apparatus 600.
- the operation input unit 609 corresponds to the touch panel 503 and the operation buttons 504 in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the audio IC 610 converts received audio data, which is a digital signal received from the baseband processor 602, into an analog signal, and drives the speaker 612. As a result, sound is output from the speaker 612. On the other hand, the audio IC 610 performs analog / digital (A / D) conversion on the audio, which is an analog signal detected by the microphone 611, and outputs it to the baseband processor 602.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the application processor 601 according to the first embodiment.
- the application processor 601 according to the first embodiment includes a CPU (calculation unit), a temperature sensor TS, a power reduction mode control unit (control unit) 100, a clock generation unit CPG, and a power supply control unit PSC. ing.
- the power reduction mode control unit 100 includes a temperature monitoring unit TM, a reference temperature calculation unit RC, a cycle measurement unit CM, a storage unit REG, a comparison unit CMP, and a mode determination unit MD.
- a temperature monitoring unit TM a reference temperature calculation unit RC
- a cycle measurement unit CM a storage unit REG
- a comparison unit CMP a comparison unit CMP
- MD mode determination unit MD.
- thick arrows indicate data
- thin arrows indicate various control signals and clocks.
- the application processor 601 is provided on one semiconductor chip.
- the power reduction mode control unit 100 controls the power reduction mode according to the chip temperature (temperature of the semiconductor chip) measured by the temperature sensor TS. Specifically, if the chip temperature exceeds a predetermined reference temperature, the power reduction mode control unit 100 selects the leakage power reduction mode (first mode), and the CPU operation clock generated by the clock generation unit CPG is selected. Set the frequency higher.
- the power reduction mode control unit 100 selects the idle power reduction mode (second mode), and the CPU operating clock generated by the clock generation unit CPG. Set a low frequency. That is, the power reduction mode control unit 100 controls the frequency of the operation clock generated by the clock generation unit CPG.
- the CPU operates according to the operation clock ck1 output from the clock generation unit CPG. That is, the operating frequency of the CPU is the frequency of the operating clock ck1.
- the CPU outputs an initialization signal rst to the storage unit REG when the system is activated, and initializes various data stored in the storage unit REG. Thereafter, the CPU outputs a start request req1 for requesting the start of the subroutine 1 for calculating the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC. Details of the subroutine 1 will be described later. Further, the CPU outputs a start request req2 for requesting the temperature monitoring unit TM to start the subroutine 2 for acquiring the measured temperature Ta. Details of the subroutine 2 will be described later.
- the temperature sensor TS is a so-called on-chip temperature sensor, and measures the chip temperature (also referred to as a junction temperature or a channel temperature) of the application processor 601.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM starts monitoring the measured temperature Ta measured by the temperature sensor TS in response to the start request req2 of the subroutine 2 output from the CPU.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM includes a timer inside.
- the timer is a counter, for example.
- the timer repeats counting up from 0 to the maximum value.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM outputs a measurement request req5 to the temperature sensor TS at the timing when the timer reaches the maximum value, and acquires the measurement temperature Ta from the temperature sensor TS. That is, the temperature monitoring unit TM repeatedly acquires the measured temperature Ta from the temperature sensor TS. Then, the temperature monitoring unit TM outputs the measured temperature Ta acquired from the temperature sensor TS to the mode determination unit MD.
- the maximum value (limit value) of the timer is stored in the storage unit REG, for example.
- the configuration of the timer is not limited to the above.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC starts calculating the reference temperature Tref in response to the start request req1 of the subroutine 1 output from the CPU.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC includes a timer inside. This timer has the same configuration as the timer of the temperature monitoring unit TM.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM outputs a measurement request req3 such as an active cycle ac1 to the cycle measurement unit CM, for example, at the timing when the timer reaches the maximum value. That is, the reference temperature calculation unit RC repeatedly outputs a measurement request req3 to the cycle measurement unit CM.
- the maximum value (limit value) of the timer is stored in the storage unit REG, for example.
- the active cycle ac1 [Hz] is the total number of cycles of the operation clock per unit time in which the status is active.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC When the reference temperature calculation unit RC receives the reference change request req4 output from the comparison unit CMP, the reference temperature calculation unit RC acquires the calculation basic data d1 from the storage unit REG and also acquires the calculation measurement data d2 from the cycle measurement unit CM. . Then, the reference temperature calculation unit RC calculates the reference temperature Tref using the obtained calculation basic data d1 and calculation measurement data d2, and outputs the reference temperature Tref to the mode determination unit MD.
- the basic data for calculation d1 includes a reference temperature calculation formula and element idle power.
- the reference temperature calculation formula is a calculation formula for calculating the reference temperature Tref.
- the element idle power [W / Hz] is the idle power P I per operating frequency (the slope of the idle power P I in FIG. 2A).
- the measurement data for calculation d2 includes an idle cycle C I and a shutdown ratio r.
- the idle cycle C I [Hz] is the total number of cycles of the operation clock per unit time in which the status is in the idle state.
- the shutdown ratio r is a ratio per unit time at which the status becomes the shutdown state.
- the cycle measurement unit CM measures the active cycle ac1, the idle cycle C I , and the shutdown ratio r according to the measurement request req3 output from the reference temperature calculation unit RC. Then, the cycle measurement unit CM outputs the acquired active cycle ac1 to the comparison unit CMP. Furthermore, the cycle measurement unit CM stores the acquired active cycle ac1 in the storage unit REG as a new reference active cycle ac2 in response to the reference change request req4 output from the comparison unit CMP. On the other hand, the cycle measuring unit CM is output to the reference temperature calculation section RC the measured idle cycles C I and shutdown ratio r as computed measurement data d2.
- the storage unit REG is a register that holds various data.
- the storage unit REG according to the present embodiment holds a limit value of a timer provided in the temperature monitoring unit TM and the reference temperature calculation unit RC, basic data for calculation d1, and a reference active cycle ac2.
- Various data stored in the storage unit REG is initialized according to an initialization signal rst output from the CPU when the system is started.
- the comparison unit CMP compares the active cycle ac1 acquired from the cycle measurement unit CM with the reference active cycle ac2 held in the storage unit REG.
- the comparison unit CMP outputs a reference change request req4 for changing the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC if the change of the active cycle ac1 with respect to the reference active cycle ac2 is large.
- the comparison unit CMP does not output the reference change request req4 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC if the change of the active cycle ac1 with respect to the reference active cycle ac2 is small.
- the reference change request req4 is not output, and if ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is not satisfied, The reference change request req4 is output.
- the reference change request req4 output from the comparison unit CMP is also input to the cycle measurement unit CM. Then, the cycle measuring unit CM stores the acquired active cycle ac1 in the storage unit REG as a new reference active cycle ac2.
- the comparison unit CMP outputs the reference change request req4
- the active cycle ac1 compared by the comparison unit CMP may be stored in the storage unit REG as a new reference active cycle ac2.
- the mode determination unit MD compares the reference temperature Tref acquired from the reference temperature calculation unit RC and the measured temperature Ta acquired from the temperature monitoring unit TM to determine the power reduction mode. Specifically, for example, when Ta ⁇ Tref is satisfied, the idle power reduction mode is selected, and when Ta ⁇ Tref is not satisfied, the leakage power reduction mode is selected.
- the mode determination unit MD outputs a mode signal (control signal) mod corresponding to the determination result to the clock generation unit CPG.
- the clock generation unit CPG generates an operation clock ck1 of the CPU according to the mode signal mod output from the mode determination unit MD. Specifically, in the idle power reduction mode, the clock generation unit CPG sets the frequency (operation frequency) of the operation clock ck1 to be output low, and in the leak power reduction mode, the frequency of the operation clock ck1 to be output is increased. Set.
- the power controller PSC outputs a power enable signal psen1 for controlling on / off of the power supply switch SW1 connected to the CPU.
- ON / OFF of the power supply switch SW1 is controlled according to the state of the CPU. Specifically, when the CPU state is the active state or the idle state, the power supply switch SW1 is turned on, and the power supply voltage is supplied to the CPU. On the other hand, when the CPU state is the shutdown state, the power supply switch SW1 is turned off, and the supply of the power supply voltage to the CPU is stopped.
- the power supply switch SW1 is composed of, for example, a MOSFET, and a power enable signal psen1 is input to its gate terminal (control terminal).
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the power reduction mode control method (main routine) according to the first embodiment.
- the CPU starts the main routine. As shown in FIG. 8, first, the CPU outputs an initialization signal rst to the storage unit REG, and various data stored in the storage unit REG (limit values of timers provided in the temperature monitoring unit TM and the reference temperature calculation unit RC). , Basic data for calculation d1, reference active cycle ac2) is initialized (step S1).
- the CPU outputs a start request req1 of the subroutine 1 for calculating the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC starts the subroutine 1 (step S2). Details of the subroutine 1 will be described later.
- step S3 the CPU outputs a start request req2 of a subroutine 2 for acquiring the measured temperature Ta to the temperature monitoring unit TM.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM starts the subroutine 2 (step S3). Details of the subroutine 2 will be described later. Note that the order of step S2 and step S3 may be reversed.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC sets the reference temperature Tref acquired by the subroutine 1 in the mode determination unit MD (step S4). Furthermore, the temperature monitoring unit TM sets the measured temperature Ta acquired by the subroutine 2 in the mode determination unit MD (step S5). Note that the order of step S4 and step S5 may be reversed.
- the mode determination unit MD compares the measured temperature Ta with the reference temperature Tref and determines whether Ta ⁇ Tref is satisfied (step S6).
- the mode determination unit MD selects the idle power reduction mode, and the clock generation unit CPG sets the frequency of the operation clock ck1 of the CPU to be low (step S7). For example, the lowest frequency at which the CPU can operate without hindering the processing is set. Then, it returns to step S4 and repeats mode determination.
- step S6 NO when Ta ⁇ Tref is not satisfied (step S6 NO), the mode determination unit MD selects the leakage power reduction mode, and the clock generation unit CPG sets the frequency of the operation clock ck1 of the CPU high (step S8). For example, the maximum frequency at which the CPU can operate is set. Then, it returns to step S4 and repeats mode determination.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the reference temperature calculation method (subroutine 1) according to the first embodiment.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC In response to the start request req1 of the subroutine 1 from the CPU, the reference temperature calculation unit RC starts the subroutine 1. First, the reference temperature calculation unit RC resets the value of a timer provided therein (step S11).
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC outputs the measurement request req3 of the active cycle ac1 to the cycle measurement unit CM (step S12).
- the cycle measurement unit CM measures the active cycle ac1 and outputs it to the comparison unit CMP (step S13).
- the cycle measuring unit CM also measures the idle cycle C I [Hz] and the shutdown ratio r.
- the comparison unit CMP compares the active cycle ac1 acquired from the cycle measurement unit CM with the reference active cycle ac2 stored in the storage unit REG. Specifically, for example, it is determined whether or not ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied (step S14). That is, it is determined whether or not the change of the active cycle ac1 with respect to the reference active cycle ac2 is less than 10%.
- the numerical value of 10% is merely an example, and can be appropriately set according to the purpose, application, and the like.
- step S14 If ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied (YES in step S14), the comparison unit CMP returns to step S11 without outputting the reference change request req4 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC. That is, when the change of the active cycle ac1 with respect to the reference active cycle ac2 is small, the comparison unit CMP does not output the reference change request req4 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- a reference change request req4 is output to the reference temperature calculation unit RC (step S15). That is, when the change of the active cycle ac1 with respect to the reference active cycle ac2 is large, the comparison unit CMP outputs a reference change request req4 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC. The reference change request req4 is also input to the cycle measurement unit CM.
- the cycle measurement unit CM stores the active cycle ac1 as a new reference active cycle ac2 in the storage unit REG (step S16). That is, when the reference temperature Tref is updated, the reference active cycle ac2 is also updated.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC responds to the reference change request req4, and the element idle power E I [W / Hz] stored in the storage unit REG and the idle cycle C I [Hz] acquired from the cycle measurement unit CM.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC calculates the reference temperature Tref using the reference temperature calculation formula and the shutdown ratio stored in the storage unit REG (Step S18). Thereafter, the process returns to step S11, and the flow of steps S11 to S18 is repeated.
- the leakage current i L [A] per transistor has a coefficient ⁇ [A / nm], a gate width W [nm], a threshold voltage V T [V], a subthreshold coefficient n, and a temperature voltage Ut [V].
- ⁇ [A / nm]
- W gate width
- V T threshold voltage
- n subthreshold coefficient
- Ut temperature voltage
- the coefficient ⁇ and the subthreshold coefficient n can be obtained from experiments.
- i L ⁇ ⁇ W ⁇ exp ⁇ V T / (n ⁇ Ut) ⁇ (Formula 1)
- Ut kT / q (Formula 2)
- the leakage current I L [A] of the semiconductor device can be expressed by the following Equation 3 from Equation 1, Equation 2 using the number N of transistors constituting the semiconductor device and the shutdown ratio r.
- I L ⁇ ⁇ W ⁇ exp ⁇ V T ⁇ q / (n ⁇ kT) ⁇ ⁇ N ⁇ (1-r) ... (Formula 3)
- T ( ⁇ V T ⁇ q) / (n ⁇ k) / ln [I L / ⁇ ⁇ W ⁇ N ⁇ (1-r) ⁇ ] ... (Formula 4)
- T C ( ⁇ V T ⁇ q) / (n ⁇ k) / ln [I L / ⁇ ⁇ W ⁇ N ⁇ (1 ⁇ r) ⁇ ] ⁇ T 0 ... (Formula 5)
- This reference temperature Tref [° C.] can be expressed by the following equation 6 from equation 5.
- the value of m may be determined as appropriate, and is set to about 10, for example.
- This formula 6 becomes a reference temperature calculation formula.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the measured temperature acquisition method (subroutine 2) according to the first embodiment.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM starts the subroutine 2.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM resets the value of a timer provided therein (step S21).
- the temperature monitoring unit TM outputs a temperature measurement request req5 to the temperature sensor TS (step S22).
- the temperature monitoring unit TM acquires the measurement temperature Ta output from the temperature sensor TS in response to the measurement request req5 (step S23). Thereafter, the process returns to step S21, and the flow of steps S21 to S23 is repeated.
- FIG. 11A is a graph schematically showing a configuration of power consumption in the semiconductor device according to the example of the first embodiment at low temperature (measurement temperature Ta ⁇ reference temperature Tref), that is, in the idle power reduction mode.
- FIG. 11B is a graph schematically showing a configuration of power consumption in the semiconductor device according to the example of the first embodiment at a high temperature (reference temperature Tref ⁇ measured temperature Ta), that is, in a leakage power reduction mode.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are graphs of the same type as FIGS. 4A and 4B according to the comparative example.
- the horizontal axis represents time [s]
- the vertical axis represents power consumption [W / s] per unit time.
- the operation clock (CLOCK) and status (STATUS) are shown according to the time on the horizontal axis.
- the leakage power P L and the idle power P I per unit time regardless of the idle state and an active state, is constant. Active power P A occurs only in the active state. Further, no power consumption occurs in the shutdown state.
- FIG. 11B The time integral value of the power consumption per unit time shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B (that is, the area of the graph shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, that is, the number of cells) is the power consumption.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the power consumption of the semiconductor device according to the example of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the horizontal axis is the temperature [° C.]
- the vertical axis is the power consumption [mW]
- the power consumption of the embodiment is indicated by a solid line.
- the power consumption of the semiconductor device according to the comparative example shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B is also indicated by broken lines.
- the operation frequency when the temperature is lower than the reference temperature Tref, the operation frequency is decreased, and when the temperature is higher than the reference temperature Tref, the operation frequency is increased.
- control is performed such that the operating frequency is increased when the temperature is lower than the reference temperature Tref, and the operating frequency is decreased when the temperature is higher than the reference temperature Tref.
- the power consumption of the example is smaller than that of the comparative example.
- the difference in power consumption between the example and the comparative example is small.
- the difference increases as the temperature becomes higher or lower than the reference temperature Tref.
- the effect of reducing leakage power in a high temperature range is great.
- the semiconductor device As described above, in the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, among the leakage power P L that increases rapidly with idle power P I and the temperature rise which increases in proportion to the operating frequency, is to reduce any It is judged by comparing the reference temperature Tref and the measured temperature Ta whether it contributes to the power consumption reduction as a whole. And based on this comparison result, power consumption is reduced by appropriately controlling the operating frequency.
- the measured temperature Ta is less than the reference temperature Tref, when the leakage power P L is small, the power reduction mode controller (controller) 100 controls to lower the operating frequency. This reduces idle power P I is able to reduce power consumption as a whole.
- the measured temperature Ta is higher than the reference temperature Tref, when the leakage power P L is large, the power reduction mode controller (controller) 100 controls so as to increase the operating frequency. That is, by a short time the active state (prolonged shutdown state), reduces leakage power P L is, it is possible to reduce power consumption as a whole.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the application processor 601 according to the second embodiment.
- the application processor 601 according to the second embodiment includes an image processing unit IPU and an audio processing unit VPU in addition to the configuration of the application processor 601 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. .
- thick arrows indicate data
- thin arrows indicate various control signals and clocks.
- the image processing unit IPU is a processor dedicated to image processing, and includes, for example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
- the operation clock ck2 output from the clock generation unit CPG is input to the image processing unit IPU.
- the image processing unit IPU executes processing in a use case that requires image processing such as moving image reproduction, and the status is always in use case that does not require image processing.
- the shutdown state is entered.
- the voice processing unit VPU is a processor dedicated to voice processing, and is composed of, for example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
- the operation clock ck3 output from the clock generation unit CPG is input to the audio processing unit VPU.
- the voice processing unit VPU executes processing in a use case that requires voice processing such as music playback, and the status is always in use case that does not require voice processing.
- the shutdown state is entered.
- the power controller PSC outputs a power enable signal psen1 for controlling on / off of the power supply switch SW1 connected to the CPU. Further, the power control unit PSC outputs a power enable signal psen2 for controlling on / off of the power supply switch SW2 connected to the image processing unit IPU. Further, the power control unit PSC outputs a power enable signal psen3 for controlling on / off of the power supply switch SW3 connected to the audio processing unit VPU.
- the power supply switches SW1 to SW3 are made of, for example, MOSFETs, and power enable signals psen1 to psen3 are input to their gate terminals (control terminals), respectively.
- ON / OFF of the power supply switch SW1 is controlled according to the state of the CPU. Specifically, when the CPU state is an active state or an idle state, the power supply switch SW1 is turned on. On the other hand, when the CPU state is the shutdown state, the power supply switch SW1 is turned off.
- the power supply switch SW2 is controlled according to the state of the image processing unit IPU. Specifically, when the state of the image processing unit IPU is an active state or an idle state, the power supply switch SW2 is turned on. On the other hand, when the state of the image processing unit IPU is the shutdown state, the power supply switch SW2 is turned off.
- the power supply switch SW3 is controlled according to the state of the audio processing unit VPU. Specifically, when the state of the voice processing unit VPU is an active state or an idle state, the power supply switch SW3 is turned on. On the other hand, when the state of the voice processing unit VPU is the shutdown state, the power supply switch SW3 is turned off. Since other configurations are the same as those of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 14A to FIG. 14E are sequence diagrams for explaining details of the power reduction mode control method according to actual use cases (music playback and video playback). Numbers from ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11> are shown at the left end of FIGS. 14A to 14E. A description will be given in order along this number.
- ⁇ 1> Operation at System Startup When the system is started up, the CPU starts a main routine. First, as shown in FIG. 14A, the CPU outputs an initialization signal rst to the storage unit REG, and various data stored in the storage unit REG (limit values of timers provided in the temperature monitoring unit TM and the reference temperature calculation unit RC). , Basic data for calculation d1, reference active cycle ac2) are initialized. Note that the chip temperature at startup is 20 ° C., and the use case after startup is music playback.
- the CPU outputs a start request req1 for requesting the reference temperature calculation unit RC to start the subroutine 1 for calculating the reference temperature Tref.
- the CPU outputs a start request req2 for requesting the temperature monitoring unit TM to start the subroutine 2 for acquiring the measured temperature Ta.
- Reference temperature calculation (subroutine 1) and measurement temperature acquisition (subroutine 2)
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC resets the internal timer, and outputs a measurement request req3 of various measurement data to the cycle measurement unit CM when the timer expires.
- the cycle measuring unit CM measures the active cycle ac1 and calculation measurement data d2 (idle cycle C I and shutdown ratio r). Subsequently, the cycle measurement unit CM sends the active cycle ac1 acquired by the comparison unit to the comparison unit CMP.
- the comparison unit CMP compares the active cycle ac1 sent from the cycle measurement unit CM with the reference active cycle ac2 stored in the storage unit REG. Specifically, for example, it is determined whether or not ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied. That is, it is determined whether or not the change of the active cycle ac1 with respect to the reference active cycle ac2 is less than 10%. As described above, the numerical value of 10% is merely an example.
- the comparison unit CMP outputs a reference change request req4 for changing the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the reference change request req4 is an enable signal, for example, and outputting the reference change request req4 means that the value of the enable signal is 1.
- the reference change request req4 is also input to the cycle measurement unit CM.
- the cycle measurement unit CM sends the active cycle ac1 to the storage unit REG as a new reference active cycle ac2 (not shown in FIG. 14A, but corresponds to step S16 in FIG. 9). .
- reference temperature calculation unit RC requests the sending of calculation measurement data d2 (idle cycle C I and shutdown ratio r) with respect to the cycle measuring unit CM.
- the cycle measurement unit CM sends the calculation measurement data d2 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC requests the storage unit REG to send basic data for calculation d1 (reference temperature calculation formula and element idle power).
- the storage unit REG sends the calculation basic data d1 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM resets the internal timer and outputs a temperature measurement request req5 to the temperature sensor TS when the timer expires.
- the temperature sensor TS acquires the measurement temperature Ta and sends it to the temperature monitoring unit TM.
- Ta 22 ° C.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM sends the measured temperature Ta acquired from the temperature sensor TS to the mode determination unit MD.
- the mode determination unit MD compares the measured temperature Ta with the reference temperature Tref and determines whether Ta ⁇ Tref is satisfied.
- the mode determination unit MD selects the idle power reduction mode. Therefore, the clock generation unit CPG changes the frequency of the operation clock ck1 to be output (CPU operation frequency) from the maximum frequency fmax [Hz] to the idle power reduction mode frequency f1 [Hz].
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC resets the internal timer after sending the reference temperature Tref to the mode determination unit MD.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC outputs a measurement request req3 for various measurement data to the cycle measurement unit CM when the timer expires.
- the cycle measuring unit CM measures the active cycle ac1 and calculation measurement data d2 (idle cycle C I and shutdown ratio r). Subsequently, the cycle measurement unit CM sends the active cycle ac1 acquired by the comparison unit to the comparison unit CMP.
- the comparison unit CMP compares the active cycle ac1 sent from the cycle measurement unit CM with the reference active cycle ac2 stored in the storage unit REG. Specifically, for example, it is determined whether or not ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied. Here, since the use case remains music reproduction, it satisfies ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1. Therefore, the comparison unit CMP does not output the reference change request req4 for changing the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC. If this reference change request req4 is the enable signal, not outputting the reference change request req4 means that the value of the enable signal is 0.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM resets the internal timer after sending the measured temperature Ta to the mode determining unit MD, and outputs a temperature measurement request req5 to the temperature sensor TS when the timer expires.
- the temperature sensor TS acquires the measurement temperature Ta and sends it to the temperature monitoring unit TM.
- Ta 23 ° C.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM sends the measured temperature Ta acquired from the temperature sensor TS to the mode determination unit MD.
- the mode determination unit MD compares the measured temperature Ta with the reference temperature Tref and determines whether Ta ⁇ Tref is satisfied.
- the mode determination unit MD selects the idle power reduction mode.
- the operating frequency of the CPU is already the idle power reduction mode frequency f1 [Hz]. Therefore, the clock generation unit CPG does not switch the frequency of the operation clock ck1 to be output.
- the comparison unit CMP compares the active cycle ac1 sent from the cycle measurement unit CM with the reference active cycle ac2 stored in the storage unit REG. Specifically, for example, it is determined whether or not ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied. Here, since the use case is changed from music playback to video playback, ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is not satisfied. Therefore, the comparison unit CMP outputs a reference change request req4 for changing the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- This reference change request req4 is also input to the cycle measurement unit CM, and in response to this reference change request req4, the cycle measurement unit CM sends the active cycle ac1 to the storage unit REG as a new reference active cycle ac2 (FIG. 14C). Is not shown in FIG. 9, but corresponds to step S16 in FIG. 9).
- reference temperature calculation unit RC requests the sending of calculation measurement data d2 (idle cycle C I and shutdown ratio r) with respect to the cycle measuring unit CM.
- the cycle measurement unit CM sends the calculation measurement data d2 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC requests the storage unit REG to send basic data for calculation d1 (reference temperature calculation formula and element idle power).
- the storage unit REG sends the calculation basic data d1 to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM resets the internal timer after sending the measured temperature Ta to the mode determining unit MD, and outputs a temperature measurement request req5 to the temperature sensor TS when the timer expires.
- the temperature sensor TS acquires the measurement temperature Ta and sends it to the temperature monitoring unit TM.
- Ta 44 ° C.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM sends the measured temperature Ta acquired from the temperature sensor TS to the mode determination unit MD.
- the mode determination unit MD compares the measured temperature Ta with the reference temperature Tref and determines whether Ta ⁇ Tref is satisfied.
- the mode determination unit MD selects the idle power reduction mode.
- the operating frequency of the CPU is the idle power reduction mode frequency f1 [Hz] in music playback. Therefore, the clock generation unit CPG switches the frequency of the operation clock ck1 to be output to the idle power reduction mode frequency f2 [Hz] in moving image reproduction.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC resets the internal timer after sending the reference temperature Tref to the mode determination unit MD.
- the reference temperature calculation unit RC outputs a measurement request req3 for various measurement data to the cycle measurement unit CM when the timer expires.
- the cycle measuring unit CM measures the active cycle ac1 and calculation measurement data d2 (idle cycle C I and shutdown ratio r). Subsequently, the cycle measurement unit CM sends the active cycle ac1 acquired by the comparison unit to the comparison unit CMP.
- the comparison unit CMP compares the active cycle ac1 sent from the cycle measurement unit CM with the reference active cycle ac2 stored in the storage unit REG. Specifically, for example, it is determined whether or not ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied. Here, since the use case is still a moving image reproduction, ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied. Therefore, the comparison unit CMP does not output the reference change request req4 for changing the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM resets the internal timer after sending the measured temperature Ta to the mode determining unit MD, and outputs a temperature measurement request req5 to the temperature sensor TS when the timer expires.
- the temperature sensor TS acquires the measurement temperature Ta and sends it to the temperature monitoring unit TM.
- Ta 70 ° C.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM sends the measured temperature Ta acquired from the temperature sensor TS to the mode determination unit MD.
- the comparison unit CMP compares the active cycle ac1 sent from the cycle measurement unit CM with the reference active cycle ac2 stored in the storage unit REG. Specifically, for example, it is determined whether or not ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied. Here, since the use case is still a moving image reproduction, ac2 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ ac1 ⁇ ac2 ⁇ 1.1 is satisfied. Therefore, the comparison unit CMP does not output the reference change request req4 for changing the reference temperature Tref to the reference temperature calculation unit RC.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM resets the internal timer after sending the measured temperature Ta to the mode determining unit MD, and outputs a temperature measurement request req5 to the temperature sensor TS when the timer expires.
- the temperature sensor TS acquires the measurement temperature Ta and sends it to the temperature monitoring unit TM.
- Ta 60 ° C.
- the temperature monitoring unit TM sends the measured temperature Ta acquired from the temperature sensor TS to the mode determination unit MD.
- the semiconductor device As described above, in the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, among the leakage power P L that increases rapidly with idle power P I and the temperature rise which increases in proportion to the operating frequency, is to reduce any It is judged by comparing the reference temperature Tref and the measured temperature Ta whether it contributes to the power consumption reduction as a whole. And based on this comparison result, power consumption is reduced by appropriately controlling the operating frequency.
- the measured temperature Ta is less than the reference temperature Tref, when the leakage power P L is small, to reduce the idle power P I by lowering the operating frequency, to reduce power consumption as a whole.
- the measurement temperature Ta is the reference temperature Tref or more, if the leakage power P L is large, reduce increasing the operating frequency, by a short period of time the active state (for a long time the shutdown state), the leakage power P L As a whole, power consumption is reduced.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart for explaining the power reduction mode control method (main routine) according to the third embodiment.
- the configuration of the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7, but the determination method in mode determination unit MD is different.
- Steps S1 to S5 in FIG. 15 are the same as steps S1 to S5 in FIG.
- the mode determination unit MD selects the leakage power reduction mode, and the clock generation unit CPG sets the frequency of the operation clock ck1 of the CPU high (step S8). For example, the maximum frequency at which the CPU can operate is set. Then, it returns to step S4 and repeats mode determination.
- step S62 when Ta> Tref ⁇ 1.2 is not satisfied (NO in step S62), the mode determination unit MD does not select any mode, and the clock generation unit CPG does not change the frequency of the operation clock ck1 of the CPU. That is, it returns to step S4 as it is and repeats the mode determination.
- the mode determination unit MD selects the leakage power reduction mode when the measured temperature Ta exceeds the upper limit reference temperature (Tref ⁇ 1.2 in FIG. 15), and the measured temperature Ta is set to the lower limit reference temperature (in FIG. 15). When it falls below (Tref ⁇ 0.8), the idle power reduction mode is selected. On the other hand, if the measured temperature Ta is not less than the lower limit reference temperature and not more than the upper limit reference temperature (in FIG. 15, Tref ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ Ta ⁇ Tref ⁇ 1.2), no mode is selected. That is, the clock generation unit CPG does not change the operating frequency.
- the upper limit reference temperature and the lower limit reference temperature are determined from the reference temperature Tref, but may be determined separately. As a matter of course, any of steps S61 and S62 may be executed first.
- FIG. 16A is a graph for explaining the temperature dependence of the power consumption when the temperature of the semiconductor device according to the example of the embodiment 3 rises.
- the horizontal axis is the temperature [° C.]
- the vertical axis is the power consumption [mW]
- the power consumption of the embodiment is indicated by a solid line.
- the power consumption of the semiconductor device according to the comparative example is also indicated by a broken line (same as the comparative example of FIG. 12).
- FIG. 16A in the embodiment, when the temperature is lower than the lower limit reference temperature Tref ⁇ 0.8, the operation frequency is lowered, and when the temperature is higher than the upper limit reference temperature Tref ⁇ 1.2, the operation frequency is controlled to be increased. is doing.
- the operating frequency when the temperature rises, the operating frequency is low in the temperature range equal to or lower than the upper reference temperature, and when the temperature exceeds the upper reference temperature, the operating frequency is switched to a higher operating frequency. Therefore, power consumption is comparable to that in the comparative example between the reference temperature Tref and the upper limit reference temperature Tref ⁇ 1.2.
- the power consumption of the comparative example is not so high in this temperature range, and the power consumption is smaller than that of the comparative example as in the first embodiment as a whole.
- FIG. 16B is a graph for explaining the temperature dependence of the power consumption when the temperature of the semiconductor device according to the example of Embodiment 3 falls.
- the horizontal axis is the temperature [° C.]
- the vertical axis is the power consumption [mW]
- the power consumption of the embodiment is indicated by a solid line.
- the power consumption of the semiconductor device according to the comparative example is also indicated by a broken line (same as the comparative example of FIG. 12).
- FIG. 16B in the embodiment, when the temperature is lower than the lower limit reference temperature Tref ⁇ 0.8, the operation frequency is lowered, and when the temperature is higher than the upper limit reference temperature Tref ⁇ 1.2, the operation frequency is increased. is doing.
- the operating frequency when the temperature drops, the operating frequency is high in the temperature range equal to or higher than the lower limit reference temperature, and when the temperature falls below the lower limit reference temperature, the operating frequency is switched to a lower operating frequency. Therefore, power consumption is comparable to that in the comparative example between the reference temperature Tref and the lower limit reference temperature Tref ⁇ 0.8.
- the power consumption of the comparative example is not so high in this temperature range, and the power consumption is smaller than that of the comparative example as in the first embodiment as a whole.
- the power consumption is effectively reduced while stabilizing the operation of the semiconductor device by reducing the number of times of switching of the operating frequency as compared with the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment. Can be reduced.
- the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments already described, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. It goes without saying that it is possible.
- the operating voltage may be changed based on the comparison result between the reference temperature Tref and the measured temperature Ta.
- Wireless communication terminal 501 Housing 502 Display device 503 Touch panel 504 Operation button 505 506 Camera device 600 Wireless communication apparatus 601 Application processor (host IC) 602 Baseband processor 603 RFIC 604 Main memory 605 Battery 606 PMIC 607 Display unit 608 Camera unit 609 Operation input unit 610 Audio IC 611 Microphone 612 Speaker CM Cycle measurement unit CMP Comparison unit CPG Clock generation unit CPU CPU IPU image processing unit MD mode determination unit PSC power supply control unit RC reference temperature calculation unit REG storage unit SW1 to SW3 power supply switch Ta measurement temperature TM temperature monitoring unit Tref reference temperature TS temperature sensor VPU audio processing unit
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Abstract
Description
その他の課題と新規な特徴は、本明細書の記述および添付図面から明らかになるであろう。
<リーク電力の原因>
まず、発明者らによる事前検討事項について説明する。
上述の通り、半導体装置の微細化により、消費電力におけるリーク電力の増加が問題となっている。ここで、図1を参照してリーク電力の原因となるリーク電流について説明する。図1は、リーク電流を説明するためのMOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)の断面図である。
次に、図2A、図2Bを参照して消費電力の動作周波数依存性及び温度依存性について説明する。図2Aは、ある一定の処理負荷における消費電力の動作周波数依存性を示すグラフである。図2Bは、ある一定の処理負荷における消費電力の温度依存性を示すグラフである。
図2Bに示すように、アクティブ電力PA及びアイドル電力PIは、温度依存性を示さない。一方、リーク電力PLは、温度の上昇とともに急激に上昇する。従って、消費電力全体も温度の上昇とともに急激に上昇する。
図4A、図4Bは本発明者らが検討した比較例である。ここでは、低温時に動作周波数を高く、高温時には動作周波数を低く設定した半導体装置の消費電力を検討している。図4Aは、比較例に係る半導体装置の低温時における消費電力の構成を模式的に示すグラフである。図4Bは、比較例に係る半導体装置の高温時における消費電力の構成を模式的に示すグラフである。図4A、図4Bは、いずれもある一定の処理負荷における消費電力の構成を示している。
<無線通信端末の概要>
まず、図5A、図5Bを参照して、本実施の形態に係る半導体装置が適用される電子装置として好適な無線通信端末の概要について説明する。図5A及び図5Bは、無線通信端末500の構成例を示す外観図である。
図6を参照して、本実施の形態に係る半導体装置が搭載される無線通信装置600の構成について説明する。図6は、実施の形態1に係る無線通信装置600の構成例を示すブロック図である。無線通信装置600は、例えば、図5A、図5Bに示した無線通信端末500の内部構成である。
図7を参照して、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置であるアプリケーションプロセッサ601の構成について説明する。図7は、実施の形態1に係るアプリケーションプロセッサ601の構成例を示すブロック図である。図7に示すように、実施の形態1に係るアプリケーションプロセッサ601は、CPU(演算部)、温度センサTS、電力削減モード制御部(制御部)100、クロック生成部CPG、電源制御部PSCを備えている。ここで、電力削減モード制御部100は、温度監視部TM、基準温度算出部RC、サイクル測定部CM、記憶部REG、比較部CMP、モード判定部MDを備えている。図7において、太い矢印はデータを示し、細い矢印は各種制御信号やクロックを示している。
次に、図8を参照して、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置における電力削減モード制御方法(メインルーチン)について説明する。図8は、実施の形態1に係る電力削減モード制御方法(メインルーチン)を説明するためのフローチャートである。
次に、図9を参照して、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置における基準温度Trefの算出方法(サブルーチン1)について説明する。図9は、実施の形態1に係る基準温度算出方法(サブルーチン1)を説明するためのフローチャートである。
まず、基準温度算出部RCは、内部に備えたタイマの値をリセットする(ステップS11)。
まず、トランジスタ1個当たりのリーク電流iL[A]は、係数α[A/nm]、ゲート幅W[nm]、閾値電圧VT[V]、サブスレッショルド係数n、温度電圧Ut[V]を用いて、次式1で表すことができる。ここで、係数α及びサブスレッショルド係数nは実験などから求めることができる。
iL=α×W×exp{-VT/(n×Ut)}・・・(式1)
Ut=kT/q・・・(式2)
IL=α×W×exp{-VT×q/(n×kT)}×N×(1-r)
・・・(式3)
T=(-VT×q)/(n×k)/ln[IL/{α×W×N×(1-r)}]
・・・(式4)
TC=(-VT×q)/(n×k)/ln[IL/{α×W×N×(1-r)}]-T0
・・・(式5)
Tref
=(-VT×q)/(n×k)/ln[(m×PI/V)/{α×W×N×(1-r)}]-T0
・・・(式6)
次に、図10を参照して、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置における測定温度Taの取得方法(サブルーチン2)について説明する。図10は、実施の形態1に係る測定温度取得方法(サブルーチン2)を説明するためのフローチャートである。
CPUからのサブルーチン2の開始要求req2に応じ、温度監視部TMは、サブルーチン2を開始する。
まず、温度監視部TMは、内部に備えたタイマの値をリセットする(ステップS21)。
次に、図11A、図11Bを参照して、本実施の形態に係る半導体装置の消費電力削減効果について説明する。図11Aは、実施の形態1の実施例に係る半導体装置の低温時(測定温度Ta<基準温度Tref)すなわちアイドル電力削減モードにおける消費電力の構成を模式的に示すグラフである。図11Bは、実施の形態1の実施例に係る半導体装置の高温時(基準温度Tref<測定温度Ta)すなわちリーク電力削減モードにおける消費電力の構成を模式的に示すグラフである。ここで、図11A、図11Bは、比較例に係る図4A、図4Bと同種のグラフである。
<実施の形態2に係る半導体装置の構成>
図13を参照して、実施の形態2に係る半導体装置であるアプリケーションプロセッサ601の構成について説明する。図13は、実施の形態2に係るアプリケーションプロセッサ601の構成例を示すブロック図である。図13に示すように、実施の形態2に係るアプリケーションプロセッサ601は、図7に示した実施の形態1に係るアプリケーションプロセッサ601の構成に加え、画像処理部IPU及び音声処理部VPUを備えている。図13において、太い矢印はデータを示し、細い矢印は各種制御信号やクロックを示している。
その他の構成は、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
次に、図14A~図14Eを用いて、実施の形態2に係る半導体装置の動作の詳細について説明する。図14A~図14Eは、実際のユースケース(音楽再生及び動画再生)に則した電力削減モード制御方法の詳細を説明するためのシーケンス図である。図14A~図14Eの左端に<1>~<11>までの番号を示している。この番号に沿って、順に説明する。
システムが起動すると、CPUがメインルーチンを開始する。まず、図14Aに示すように、CPUが記憶部REGに対し初期化信号rstを出力し、記憶部REGに格納された各種データ(温度監視部TM及び基準温度算出部RCが備えるタイマのリミット値、計算用基礎データd1、基準アクティブサイクルac2)を初期化する。なお、起動時のチップ温度は20℃であって、起動後のユースケースは音楽再生である。
サブルーチン1の開始要求req1に応じ、基準温度算出部RCは内部のタイマをリセットし、タイマ満了時にサイクル測定部CMに対し、各種測定データの測定要求req3を出力する。この測定要求req3に応じ、サイクル測定部CMは、アクティブサイクルac1及び計算用測定データd2(アイドルサイクルCI及びシャットダウン比率r)を測定する。続けて、サイクル測定部CMは、比較部取得したアクティブサイクルac1を比較部CMPへ送付する。
また、基準温度算出部RCは、記憶部REGに対し計算用基礎データd1(基準温度計算式及び要素アイドル電力)の送付を要求する。この要求に応じて、記憶部REGは基準温度算出部RCへ計算用基礎データd1を送付する。
続けて、基準温度算出部RCは、自身が算出したアイドル電力PI、サイクル測定部CMから取得したシャットダウン比率r、及び記憶部REGから取得した基準温度計算式を用いて、基準温度Trefを算出する。ここでは、Tref=63.3℃とする。基準温度算出部RCは、この算出された基準温度Trefをモード判定部MDへ送付する。
モード判定部MDは、測定温度Taと基準温度Trefとを比較し、Ta<Trefを満たすか否かを判定する。ここで、測定温度Ta=22℃、基準温度Tref=63.3℃であるため、Ta<Trefを満たす。従って、モード判定部MDは、アイドル電力削減モードを選択する。そのため、クロック生成部CPGは、出力する動作クロックck1の周波数(CPUの動作周波数)を最大周波数fmax[Hz]からアイドル電力削減モード周波数f1[Hz]へ変更する。
次に、図14Bを参照して説明する。
基準温度算出部RCは、基準温度Trefをモード判定部MDへ送付した後、内部のタイマをリセットする。そして、基準温度算出部RCは、タイマ満了時にサイクル測定部CMに対し、各種測定データの測定要求req3を出力する。この測定要求req3に応じ、サイクル測定部CMは、アクティブサイクルac1及び計算用測定データd2(アイドルサイクルCI及びシャットダウン比率r)を測定する。続けて、サイクル測定部CMは、比較部取得したアクティブサイクルac1を比較部CMPへ送付する。
モード判定部MDは、測定温度Taと基準温度Trefとを比較し、Ta<Trefを満たすか否かを判定する。ここで、測定温度Ta=23℃、基準温度Tref=63.3℃であるため、Ta<Trefを満たす。従って、モード判定部MDは、アイドル電力削減モードを選択する。ここで、CPUの動作周波数は既にアイドル電力削減モード周波数f1[Hz]である。そのため、クロック生成部CPGは出力する動作クロックck1の周波数を切り換えない。
次に、図14Cを参照して説明する。
基準温度算出部RCは、比較部CMPからの基準変更要求req4がない場合、内部のタイマをリセットする。そして、基準温度算出部RCは、タイマ満了時にサイクル測定部CMに対し、各種測定データの測定要求req3を出力する。この測定要求req3に応じ、サイクル測定部CMは、アクティブサイクルac1及び計算用測定データd2(アイドルサイクルCI及びシャットダウン比率r)を測定する。続けて、サイクル測定部CMは、比較部取得したアクティブサイクルac1を比較部CMPへ送付する。
また、基準温度算出部RCは、記憶部REGに対し計算用基礎データd1(基準温度計算式及び要素アイドル電力)の送付を要求する。この要求に応じて、記憶部REGは基準温度算出部RCへ計算用基礎データd1を送付する。
モード判定部MDは、測定温度Taと基準温度Trefとを比較し、Ta<Trefを満たすか否かを判定する。ここで、測定温度Ta=44℃、基準温度Tref=64.4℃であるため、Ta<Trefを満たす。従って、モード判定部MDは、アイドル電力削減モードを選択する。この時点において、CPUの動作周波数は、音楽再生でのアイドル電力削減モード周波数f1[Hz]である。そのため、クロック生成部CPGは、出力する動作クロックck1の周波数を動画再生でのアイドル電力削減モード周波数f2[Hz]へ切り換える。ここで、動画再生では音楽再生よりも高速動作が要求されるため、通常f1<f2である。
次に、図14Dを参照して説明する。
基準温度算出部RCは、基準温度Trefをモード判定部MDへ送付した後、内部のタイマをリセットする。そして、基準温度算出部RCは、タイマ満了時にサイクル測定部CMに対し、各種測定データの測定要求req3を出力する。この測定要求req3に応じ、サイクル測定部CMは、アクティブサイクルac1及び計算用測定データd2(アイドルサイクルCI及びシャットダウン比率r)を測定する。続けて、サイクル測定部CMは、比較部取得したアクティブサイクルac1を比較部CMPへ送付する。
モード判定部MDは、測定温度Taと基準温度Trefとを比較し、Ta<Trefを満たすか否かを判定する。ここで、測定温度Ta=70℃、基準温度Tref=64.4℃であるため、Ta<Trefを満たさない。従って、モード判定部MDは、リーク電力削減モードを選択する。そのため、クロック生成部CPGは、出力する動作クロックck1の周波数をアイドル電力削減モード周波数f2[Hz]から最大周波数fmaxへ切り換える。
次に、図14Eを参照して説明する。
基準温度算出部RCは、比較部CMPからの基準変更要求req4がない場合、内部のタイマをリセットする。そして、基準温度算出部RCは、タイマ満了時にサイクル測定部CMに対し、各種測定データの測定要求req3を出力する。この測定要求req3に応じ、サイクル測定部CMは、アクティブサイクルac1及び計算用測定データd2(アイドルサイクルCI及びシャットダウン比率r)を測定する。続けて、サイクル測定部CMは、比較部取得したアクティブサイクルac1を比較部CMPへ送付する。
モード判定部MDは、測定温度Taと基準温度Trefとを比較し、Ta<Trefを満たすか否かを判定する。ここで、測定温度Ta=60℃、基準温度Tref=64.4℃であるため、Ta<Trefを満たす。従って、モード判定部MDは、アイドル電力削減モードを選択する。そのため、クロック生成部CPGは、出力する動作クロックck1の周波数を最大周波数fmaxからアイドル電力削減モード周波数f2[Hz]へ切り換える。
<電力削減モード制御方法(メインルーチン)>
次に、図15を参照して、実施の形態3に係る半導体装置における電力削減モード制御方法(メインルーチン)について説明する。図15は、実施の形態3に係る電力削減モード制御方法(メインルーチン)を説明するためのフローチャートである。実施の形態3に係る半導体装置の構成は、図7に示した実施の形態1に係る半導体装置と同様であるが、モード判定部MDにおける判定方法が異なる。
ステップS5の後、モード判定部MDは、測定温度Taと下限基準温度(第1の基準温度)=Tref×0.8とを比較し、Ta<Tref×0.8を満たすか否かを判定する(ステップS61)。Ta<Tref×0.8を満たす場合(ステップS61YES)、モード判定部MDはアイドル電力削減モードを選択し、クロック生成部CPGはCPUの動作クロックck1の周波数を低く設定する(ステップS7)。例えば、処理に支障をきたさずにCPUが動作可能な最低の周波数に設定する。その後、ステップS4に戻り、モード判定を繰り返す。
以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を実施の形態に基づき具体的に説明したが、本発明は既に述べた実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更が可能であることはいうまでもない。
例えば、基準温度Trefと測定温度Taとの比較結果に基づいて、動作周波数を変更することに加え、動作電圧も変更するようにしてもよい。
91 ゲート
92 ソース
92 ドレイン
93 ドレイン
94 ゲート絶縁膜
95 サイドウォール
96 ゲートコンタクト
97 ソースコンタクト
98 ドレインコンタクト
100 電力削減モード制御部
500 無線通信端末
501 筐体
502 ディスプレイデバイス
503 タッチパネル
504 操作ボタン
505、506 カメラデバイス
600 無線通信装置
601 アプリケーションプロセッサ(ホストIC)
602 ベースバンドプロセッサ
603 RFIC
604 メインメモリ
605 バッテリ
606 PMIC
607 表示部
608 カメラ部
609 操作入力部
610 オーディオIC
611 マイク
612 スピーカ
CM サイクル測定部
CMP 比較部
CPG クロック生成部
CPU CPU
IPU 画像処理部
MD モード判定部
PSC 電源制御部
RC 基準温度算出部
REG 記憶部
SW1~SW3 電源供給スイッチ
Ta 測定温度
TM 温度監視部
Tref 基準温度
TS 温度センサ
VPU 音声処理部
Claims (20)
- 以下を含む半導体装置:
(a)半導体チップに設けられた演算部;
(b)前記半導体チップの温度を測定する温度センサ;
(c)前記温度センサにより測定された測定温度を予め定められた基準温度と比較し、比較結果に基づいて、制御信号を出力する制御部;
(d)前記制御信号に基づいて、前記演算部へ供給する動作クロックを生成するクロック生成部、
ここで前記制御部は、前記測定温度が前記基準温度よりも高い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を第1の周波数から当該第1の周波数よりも高い第2の周波数へ切り換えるように前記クロック生成部を制御可能とする。 - 前記制御部は、前記測定温度が前記基準温度よりも低い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を前記第2の周波数から前記第1の周波数へ切り換えるように前記クロック生成部を制御可能とする、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記基準温度を算出する基準温度算出部を備えている、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記基準温度算出部は、予め定められたアイドル電流とリーク電流との比に基づいて、前記基準温度を算出する、
請求項3に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記基準温度算出部は、前記演算部がアクティブ状態での前記動作クロックのサイクル数の変化に応じて、前記基準温度を更新する、
請求項3に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記動作クロックの周波数が前記第1の周波数である第1のモードは、前記動作クロックの周波数が前記第2の周波数である第2のモードに比べ、前記演算部への電源電圧の供給を停止するシャットダウン状態の比率が小さい、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記演算部への前記電源電圧の供給を制御する電源制御部をさらに備える、
請求項6に記載の半導体装置。 - 以下を含む半導体装置:
(a)半導体チップに設けられた演算部;
(b)前記半導体チップの温度を測定する温度センサ;
(c)前記温度センサにより測定された測定温度を予め定められた第1の基準温度及び前記第1の基準温度よりも高い第2の基準温度と比較し、比較結果に基づいて、制御信号を出力する制御部;
(d)前記制御信号に基づいて、前記演算部へ供給する動作クロックを生成するクロック生成部、
ここで前記制御部は、前記測定温度が前記第2の基準温度よりも高い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を第1の周波数から当該第1の周波数よりも高い第2の周波数へ切り換えるように前記クロック生成部を制御する。 - 前記制御部は、前記測定温度が前記第1の基準温度よりも低い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を前記第2の周波数から前記第1の周波数へ切り換えるように前記クロック生成部を制御する、
請求項8に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記測定温度が前記第1の基準温度よりも高く前記第2の基準温度よりも低い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を切り換えないように前記クロック生成部を制御する、
請求項8に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1の基準温度及び前記第2の基準温度を算出する基準温度算出部を備えている、
請求項8に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記基準温度算出部は、予め定められたアイドル電流とリーク電流との比に基づいて、前記第1の基準温度及び前記第2の基準温度を算出する、
請求項11に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記基準温度算出部は、前記演算部がアクティブ状態での前記動作クロックのサイクル数の変化に応じて、前記第1の基準温度及び前記第2の基準温度を更新する、
請求項11に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記動作クロックの周波数が前記第1の周波数である第1のモードは、前記動作クロックの周波数が前記第2の周波数である第2のモードに比べ、前記演算部への電源電圧の供給を停止するシャットダウン状態の比率が小さい、
請求項8に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記演算部への前記電源電圧の供給を制御する電源制御部をさらに備える、
請求項14に記載の半導体装置。 - 以下の工程を含む半導体装置の制御方法:
(a)半導体チップの温度を測定する工程;
(b)測定温度を予め定められた基準温度と比較する工程;
(c)前記測定温度が前記基準温度よりも高い場合、前記半導体チップに形成された演算部へ供給する動作クロックの周波数を第1の周波数から当該第1の周波数よりも高い第2の周波数へ切り換える工程。 - さらに、前記測定温度が前記基準温度よりも低い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を前記第2の周波数から前記第1の周波数へ切り換える工程を含む、
請求項16に記載の半導体装置の制御方法。 - 以下の工程を含む半導体装置の制御方法:
(a)半導体チップの温度を測定する工程;
(b)測定温度を予め定められた第1の基準温度及び前記第1の基準温度よりも高い第2の基準温度と比較する工程;
(c)前記測定温度が前記第2の基準温度よりも高い場合、前記半導体チップに形成された演算部へ供給する動作クロックの周波数を第1の周波数から当該第1の周波数よりも高い第2の周波数へ切り換える工程。 - さらに、前記測定温度が前記第1の基準温度よりも低い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を前記第2の周波数から前記第1の周波数へ切り換える工程を含む、
請求項18に記載の半導体装置の制御方法。 - さらに、前記測定温度が前記第1の基準温度よりも高く前記第2の基準温度よりも低い場合、前記動作クロックの周波数を切り換えない工程を含む、
請求項18に記載の半導体装置の制御方法。
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| US14/651,696 US9531388B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Semiconductor device and method for controlling the same |
| CN201280077850.0A CN104871110B (zh) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | 半导体器件及其控制方法 |
| JP2014552761A JP5898342B2 (ja) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | 半導体装置及びその制御方法 |
| PCT/JP2012/008187 WO2014097362A1 (ja) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | 半導体装置及びその制御方法 |
| TW102141667A TWI575353B (zh) | 2012-12-21 | 2013-11-15 | 半導體裝置及其控制方法 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/008187 WO2014097362A1 (ja) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | 半導体装置及びその制御方法 |
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| US14/651,696 A-371-Of-International US9531388B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Semiconductor device and method for controlling the same |
| US15/376,311 Continuation US10236890B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-12-12 | Semiconductor device and method for controlling the same |
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| US (2) | US9531388B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5898342B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104871110B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI575353B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014097362A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2016165372A1 (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2016-10-20 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 控制移动终端中cpu的热插拔操作的方法和装置 |
| JP2017117070A (ja) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Necプラットフォームズ株式会社 | 制御回路および制御方法 |
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| KR101840852B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-10 | 2018-03-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 모바일 장치의 표면 온도 관리 방법 및 멀티칩 패키지의 메모리 열관리 방법 |
| KR102563926B1 (ko) * | 2016-05-23 | 2023-08-04 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 전압 정보와 온도 정보를 피드백할 수 있는 이미지 센서 칩과 이를 포함하는 이미지 처리 시스템 |
| JP2018106591A (ja) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置、動作制御方法、及びプログラム |
| TWI712925B (zh) * | 2017-01-24 | 2020-12-11 | 瑞昱半導體股份有限公司 | 電子裝置與其控制方法 |
| JP2019114009A (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-11 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置、半導体システム、及びその方法 |
| CN112882819B (zh) | 2019-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 上海商汤智能科技有限公司 | 芯片工作频率的设置方法和装置 |
| CN112416587B (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2025-07-25 | 北京灵汐科技有限公司 | 片上结构的温度控制方法和片上结构的布局方法 |
| TWI817505B (zh) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-10-01 | 致茂電子股份有限公司 | 熱介面材料之老化測試方法以及具備熱介面材料老化測試功能之電子元件檢測設備 |
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- 2012-12-21 WO PCT/JP2012/008187 patent/WO2014097362A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-12-21 CN CN201280077850.0A patent/CN104871110B/zh active Active
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2016
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170093406A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
| CN104871110A (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
| JP5898342B2 (ja) | 2016-04-06 |
| US10236890B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
| CN104871110B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
| TWI575353B (zh) | 2017-03-21 |
| TW201428447A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
| US20150333758A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
| US9531388B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
| JPWO2014097362A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
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