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WO2014079724A1 - Mélanges pesticides - Google Patents

Mélanges pesticides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014079724A1
WO2014079724A1 PCT/EP2013/073539 EP2013073539W WO2014079724A1 WO 2014079724 A1 WO2014079724 A1 WO 2014079724A1 EP 2013073539 W EP2013073539 W EP 2013073539W WO 2014079724 A1 WO2014079724 A1 WO 2014079724A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
methyl
chloro
phenyl
inhibitors
carboxamide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2013/073539
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English (en)
Inventor
Lutz Brahm
Burghard Liebmann
Ronald Wilhelm
Markus Gewehr
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BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of WO2014079724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014079724A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • A01N63/23—B. thuringiensis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to synergistic mixtures comprising as active components
  • Inhibitors of complex III at Qo site azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin,
  • coumoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxy- strobin/flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysas- trobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, 2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester and
  • inhibitors of complex III at Qi site cyazofamid, amisulbrom, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8- beftnzyl-3-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo- 1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(acet- oxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5- dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-isobut- oxycarbonyloxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-
  • inhibitors of complex II benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl- 2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl- butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[9- (dichloromethylene)-l ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3- (difluoromethyl)-l -methyl
  • nitrophenyl derivates bina- pacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; and silthiofam;
  • C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides): triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole,diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epox- iconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutra- zole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole,
  • Delta14-reductase inhibitors aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropi- morph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine;
  • phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, met- alaxyl, ofurace, oxadixyl;
  • tubulin inhibitors such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl; triazolopyrimidines: 5-chloro- 7-(4-methylpiperidin-1 -yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine other cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone;
  • methionine synthesis inhibitors anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, py- rimethanil;
  • protein synthesis inhibitors blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride- hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;
  • MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil;
  • G protein inhibitors quinoxyfen
  • Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothi- olane;
  • lipid peroxidation dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole;
  • phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition dimethomorph, flumorph, mandi- propamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate and N-(1 -(1 -(4- cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester;
  • fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors 1 -[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1 -piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl]ethanone
  • inorganic active substances Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;
  • thio- and dithiocarbamates ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;
  • organochlorine compounds anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, di- chlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide;
  • guanidines and others guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine- acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithi- anon, 2,6-dimethyl-1 H,5H-[1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone; Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
  • inhibitors of glucan synthesis validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil;
  • bronopol chinomethionat, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclo- mezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamin, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, flusulfamide, flutianil, methasulfocarb, nitrapyrin, nitrothal-isopropyl, ox- ine-copper, picarbutrazox, proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide, 2- butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro- methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-
  • N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide 5-chloro-1 -(4,6-di- methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazole, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4- dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide, 4,4-difluoro-3,3- dimethyl-1 -(3-quinolyl)isoquinoline,
  • Ampelomyces quisqualis e.g. AQ 10® from Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
  • Aspergillus flavus e.g. AFLAGUARD® from Syngenta, CH
  • Aureobasidium pullulans e.g. BOTECTOR® from bio-ferm GmbH, Germany
  • Bacillus pumilus e.g. NRRL Accession No. B-30087 in SONATA® and BALLAD® Plus from AgraQuest Inc., USA
  • Bacillus subtilis e.g. isolate NRRL-Nr.
  • Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata also named Gliocladium ca- tenulatum (e.g. isolate J1446: PRESTOP® from Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans (e.g. CONTANS® from Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (e.g. Endothia parasitica from CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus (e.g. YIELD PLUS® from Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum (e.g. BIOFOX® from S.I.A.P.A., Italy, FUSACLEAN® from Natural Plant Protection,
  • Gliocladium ca- tenulatum e.g. isolate J1446: PRESTOP® from Verdera, Finland
  • Coniothyrium minitans e.g. CONTANS® from Prophyta, Germany
  • Cryphonectria parasitica e.g. Endothia
  • Metschnikowia fructicola e.g. SHEMER® from Agrogreen, Israel
  • Micro-coolium dimerum e.g. ANTIBOT® from Agrauxine, France
  • Phlebiopsis gigantea e.g. ROTSOP® from Verdera, Finland
  • Pseudozyma flocculosa e.g. SPORO- DEX® from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada
  • Pythium oligandrum DV74 e.g.
  • T. harzianum T-39 e.g. TRICHODEX® and TRICHODERMA 2000® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel
  • T. harzianum and T. viride e.g. TRICHOPEL from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
  • T. harzianum ICC012 and T. viride ICC080 e.g. REMEDIER® WP from Isagro Ricerca, Italy
  • T. polysporum and T. harzianum e.g. BINAB® from BINAB Bio-
  • T. stromaticum e.g. TRICOVAB® from C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil
  • T. virens GL-21 e.g. SOILGARD® from Certis LLC, USA
  • T. viride e.g.
  • T. viride TV1 e.g. T. viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy
  • Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 e.g. BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ
  • one insecticidal compound IB selected from the group consisting of
  • M-1 A acetylcholine esterase inhibitors from the class of carbamates: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbo- furan, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofan- ox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, and triazamate;
  • M-2A cyclodiene organochlorine compounds endosulfan; or
  • M-2B fiproles phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, or pyriprole;
  • M-3 sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S- cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, momfluorothrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpro
  • M-7 juvenile hormone mimics hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen;
  • M-8 non-specific multi-site inhibitors methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, chloro- picrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax or tartar emetic;
  • M-9 selective homopteran feeding blockers pymetrozine, flonicamid, pyrifluquina- zon, 2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-5-(6-pyrimidin-2-yl-2-pyridyl)thiazole hydrofluoride
  • M-10 mite growth inhibitors clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin or etoxazole; M-1 1 inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase: diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, or tetradifon;
  • M-12 uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation chlorfenapyr, DNOC, or sulfluramid;
  • M-13 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium;
  • M-14 inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0 bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;
  • M-15 inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 buprofezin;
  • M-16 moulting disruptors cyromazine
  • M-17 Ecdyson receptor agonists methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim or pyriminostrobin;
  • M-20 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors fenazaquin, fenpyroxi- mate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, or rotenone;
  • M-23 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen or pyflubumide
  • M-24 Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides flubendiamide, chloranthraniliprole (rynaxypyr), cyanthraniliprole (cyazypyr), the phthalamide compounds (R)-3-chloro-N1 - ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluoro-1 -
  • M-26 Bacillus firmus (e.g. Bacillus firmus CNCM 1 -1582, e.g. WO09126473A1 and WO09124707 A2, commercially available as "Votivo”) or one compound IC having plant growth regulator activity selected from the group consisting of:
  • Antiauxins clofibric acid, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; Auxins: 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, onaphthaleneacetic acid, 1 -naphthol, naphthox- yacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T;
  • 2,6-dimethylpuridine N-Oxide-2,6-lultidine
  • 2,6-dimethylpyridine 2,6-dimethylpyridine
  • kinetin 2,6-dimethylpyridine
  • zeatin 2,6-dimethylpyridine
  • Defoliants calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, merphos, metoxuron, penta- chlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos, tributyl phosphorotrithioate;
  • Ethylene modulators aviglycine, 1 -methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP), prohexadione (prohexadione calcium), trinexapac (trinexapac-ethyl);
  • Gibberellins gibberelline, gibberellic acid
  • Growth inhibitors abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlor- propham, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentabo- rate), piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid;
  • Morphactins chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol;
  • chlormequat chlormequat chloride
  • daminozide flurprimidol
  • mefluidide paclobutrazol
  • tetcyclacis uniconazole
  • metconazole metconazole
  • Growth stimulators brassinolide, forchlorfenuron, hymexazol;
  • Unclassified plant growth regulators / classification unknown amidochlor, benzoflu- or, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cloxyfonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, fluprimidol, fluthiacet, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, pydanon, sintofen, triapenthenol; and
  • Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies kurstaki strain SB4 has been deposited at the "Agricultural Research Culture Collection” (NRRL) deposit number 50753 located in 1815 N. University Street; Peoria; Illinois 61604; U.S.A. and is commercially available from Becker Underwood as product "BeTaPro”.
  • NRRL Agriculture Research Culture Collection
  • the present invention relates to synergistic mixtures comprising compound II and one compound IA.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to synergistic mixtures comprising compound II and one compound IB.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to synergistic mixtures comprising compound II and one compound IC.
  • the compounds IA, IB and IC and methods for producing them are generally known. For in- stance, they may be found in the e-Pesticide Manual V5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008- 201 1 ) among other publications or in the references given above.
  • pests embrace animal pests, and harmful fungi.
  • compositions that improve plants a process which is commonly and hereinafter referred to as "plant health”.
  • insecticidal also denotes not only action against (or attack by) insects, but also against (by) arachnids and nematodes.
  • insect attack also denotes not only action against (or attack by) insects, but also against (by) arachnids and nematodes.
  • simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of the compound I and the compound II or successive application of the compound I and the compound II allows enhanced control of pests, that means harmful fungi or animal pests, compared to the control rates that are possible with the individual compounds (synergistic mixtures).
  • the present invention relates to the inventive mixtures having synergistically enhanced action of controlling harmful fungi.
  • the invention relates to a method for controlling pest, using the inventive mixtures having synergistically enhanced action for controlling pests and to the use of compound I and compound II for preparing such mixtures, and also to compositions comprising such mixtures, wherein such methods relate seed treatment or foliar application or soil application.
  • the present invention relates to inventive mixtures having synergistically enhanced action of increasing the health of plants.
  • the invention relates to a method for improving the health of plants, using the in- ventive mixtures having synergistically enhanced action for improving the health of plants and to the use of compound I and compound II for preparing such mixtures, and also to compositions comprising such mixtures, wherein such methods relate seed treatment or foliar application or soil application.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling pests and/or improving the health of plants, wherein the pest, their habitat, breeding grounds, their locus or the plants to be protected against pest attack are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling pests, wherein the pest, their habitat, breeding grounds, their locus or the plants to be protected against pest attack are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling harmful fungi, wherein the fungi, their habitat, breeding grounds, their locus or the plants to be protected against fungal attack are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture comprising compound IA and compound II.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling animal pests (insects, acarids or nematodes), wherein the animal pests (insects, acarids or nematodes), their habitat, breeding grounds, their locus or the plants to be protected against animal pest (insects, acarids or nematodes) attack are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture comprising compound IB and compound II.
  • the present invention relates to a method for regulating plant growth, wherein the plants are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture comprising compound IC and compound II.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of plants, wherein the plants are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from pests and/or improving the health of plants, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from pests, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from animal pests (insects, acarids or nematodes), wherein the plant propagation material are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from harmful fungi, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of plants grown from said plant propagation material, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from pests and/or improving the health of plants grown from said plant propagation material, wherein the soil, wherein plant propagation material is sown, is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from pests, wherein the soil, wherein plant propagation material is sown, is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from harmful fungi, wherein the soil, wherein plant propagation material is sown, is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from animal pests (insects, acarids or nematodes), wherein the soil, wherein plant propagation material is sown, is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of plants grown from plant propagation material, wherein the soil, wherein plant propagation material is sown, is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the compounds of the inventive mixtures can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession.
  • plant propagation material is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
  • the term propagation material denotes seeds.
  • pesticidally effective amount means the amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures needed to achieve an observable effect on growth, in- eluding the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism.
  • the pesticidally effective amount can vary for the various mixtures / compositions used in the invention.
  • a pesticidally effective amount of the mixtures / compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
  • plant health effective amount denotes an amount of the inventive mixtures, which is sufficient for achieving plant health effects as defined herein below. More exemplary information about amounts, ways of application and suitable ratios to be used is given below. Again, the skilled artisan is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, e.g. the treated cultivated plant or material and the climatic conditions.
  • Healthier plants are desirable since they result among others in better yields and/or a better quality of the plants or crops, specifically better quality of the harvested plant parts. Healthier plants also better resist to biotic and/or abiotic stress. A high resistance against biotic stresses in turn allows the person skilled in the art to reduce the quantity of pesticides applied and consequently to slow down the development of resistances against the respective pesticides. It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a pesticidal composition which solves the problems outlined above, and which should, in particular, improve the health of plants, in particular the yield of plants.
  • health of a plant or “plant health” is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other such as increased yield, plant vigor, quality of harvested plant parts and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • the positive effects of the mixtures of the invention cannot be explained just by the pesticidal activities of the compounds (I) and (II), but are based on further activity profiles. Accordingly, the application of the inventive mixtures can also be carried out in the absence of pest pressure.
  • a plant suffering from fungal or insecticidal attack shows reduced germination and emergence leading to poorer plant or crop establishment and vigor, and consequently, to a reduced yield as compared to a plant propagation material which has been subjected to curative or preventive treatment against the relevant pest and which can grow without the damage caused by the biotic stress factor. How- ever, the methods according to the invention lead to an enhanced plant health even in the absence of any biotic stress.
  • Each plant health indicator listed below which is selected from the groups consisting of yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance of the plant to abiotic and/or biotic stress, is to be understood as a preferred embodiment of the present invention either each on its own or preferably in combination with each other.
  • "increased yield" of a plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the inventive mixture.
  • increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: increased plant weight; and/or increased plant height; and/or increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW); and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or higher grain and/or fruit yield ; and/or more tillers or side shoots (branches); and/or larger leaves; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content; and/or increased starch content; and/or increased pigment content; and/or increased chlorophyll content (chlorophyll content has a positive correlation with the plant's photosynthesis rate and accordingly, the higher the chlorophyll content the higher the yield of a plant) and/or increased quality of a plant.
  • Gram and “fruit” are to be understood as any plant product which is further utilized after har- vesting, e.g. fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants), flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals) etc., that is anything of economic value that is produced by the plant.
  • the yield is increased by at least 4%.
  • the yield increase may even be higher, for example 5 to 10%, more preferable by 10 to 20%, or even 20 to 30%
  • the yield - if measured in the absence of pest pressure - is increased by at least 2%
  • the yield increase may even be higher, for example until 4% to 5% or even more.
  • improved plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance.
  • improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant; and/or improved plant growth; and/or improved plant development; and/or improved visual appearance; and/or improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging-and/or bigger leaf blade; and/or bigger size; and/or increased plant height; and/or increased tiller number; and/or increased number of side shoots; and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or enhanced photo- synthetic activity (e.g.
  • improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant; and/or im- proved plant growth; and/or improved plant development; and/or improved visual appearance; and/or improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging); and/or improved emergence; and/or enhanced root growth and/or more developed root system; and/or enhanced nodulation, in particular rhizobial nodulation;-and/or increased plant height; and/or increased tiller number; and/or increased number of side shoots; and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or in- creased shoot growth;-and/or less non-productive tillersand/or less input needed (such as fertilizers or water); and/or less seeds neededf and/or stronger and/or more productive tillersand/or improved quality of seeds (for being seeded in the following seasons for seed production); and/or field establishment.
  • Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "quality" of a plant and/or its products.
  • enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention.
  • Enhanced quality can be char- acterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product: increased nutrient content; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content; and/or increased starch content; and/or increased content of fatty acids; and/or increased metabolite content; and/or increased carotenoid content; and/or increased sugar content; and/or increased amount of essential amino acids; and/or improved nutrient composition; and/or improved protein composition; and/or improved composition of fatty acids; and/or improved metabolite composition; and/or improved carotenoid composition; and/or improved sugar composition; and/or improved amino acids composition ; and/or improved or optimal fruit color; and/or improved leaf color; and/or higher storage capacity; and/or better processability of the harvested products.
  • Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants.
  • Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by envi- ronmental extremes.
  • "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors” means (1 .) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with an inventive mixture and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the inventive mixture on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecticidal action which directly destroys the microorganisms or pests, but rather by a stimulation of the plants' own defensive reactions against said stress factors.
  • Negative factors caused by biotic stress such as pathogens and pests are widely known and are caused by living organisms, such as competing plants (for example weeds), microorganisms (such as phythopathogenic fungi and/or bacteria) and/or viruses. Negative factors caused by abiotic stress are also well-known and can often be observed as reduced plant vigor (see above), for example:
  • Abiotic stress can be caused for example by: extremes in temperature such as heat or cold (heat stress / cold stress); and/or strong variations in temperature; and/or temperatures unusual for the specific season; and/or drought (drought stress); and/or extreme wetness; and/or high salinity (salt stress); and/or radiation (for example by increased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone layer); and/or increased ozone levels (ozone stress); and/or organic pollution (for example by phythotoxic amounts of pesticides); and/or inorganic pollution (for example by heavy metal contaminants).
  • extremes in temperature such as heat or cold (heat stress / cold stress); and/or strong variations in temperature; and/or temperatures unusual for the specific season; and/or drought (drought stress); and/or extreme wetness; and/or high salinity (salt stress); and/or radiation (for example by increased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone layer); and/or increased ozone levels (ozone stress); and/or organic pollution (for example by
  • inventive mixtures effectuate an increased yield of a plant or its product. In another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate an increased vigor of a plant or its product. In another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate in an increased quality of a plant or its product.
  • inventive mixtures effectuate an increased tolerance and/or re- sistance of a plant or its product against biotic stress.
  • inventive mixtures effectuate an increased tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against abiotic stress.
  • inventive mixtures effectuate an increase in the yield.
  • the inventive mixtures effect an increase in the yield.
  • the inventive mixtures effect an improvement of the plant vigor.
  • the plant health effects of the inventive mix- tures effect increased resistance of plant against biotic stress.
  • the plant health effects of the inventive mixtures effect increased resistance of plant against abiotic stress.
  • the inventive mixtures effect an increase in the yield.
  • the inventive mixtures effect an increase in the vigor.
  • the mass ratio of any two ingredients in each combination is selected to give the desired, for example, synergistic action. In general, the mass ratio would vary depending on the specific compound I.
  • the ratio by weight between any two ingredients in any combination of the present invention, independently of one another is from 1000:1 to 1 :1000, preferably from 500:1 to 1 :500, more preferably the ratios from 100:1 to 1 :100 (for example ratios from 99:1 , 98:2, 97:3, 96:4, 95:5, 94:6, 93:7, 92:8, 91 :9, 90:10, 89:1 1 , 88:12, 87:13, 86:14, 85:15, 84:16, 83:17, 82:18, 81 :19, 80:20, 79:21 , 78:22, 77:23, 76:24, 75:25, 74:26, 73:27, 72:28, 71 :29, 70:30, 69:
  • preferred mass ratios are those between any two components of present invention are from 75:1 to 1 :75, more preferably, 50:1 to 1 .50, especially 25:1 to 1 :25, advantageously 10:1 to 1 :10, such as 5:1 to 1 :5.
  • compound II For compound II, all of these ratios refer to a preparation with at least 10 6 CFU/g ("colony forming units per gram").
  • compound II may be supplied in any physiological state such as active or dormant.
  • Dormant compound II may be supplied for example frozen, dried, or lyophilized or partly desiccated (procedures to produce these partly desiccated organisms are given in WO2008/002371 ) or in form of spores.
  • Organisms in an active state can be delivered in a growth medium without any additional additives or materials or in combination with suitable nutrient mixtures.
  • the compound II is preferably delivered and formulated in a dormant stage.
  • the microorganisms as used according to the invention can be cultivated continuously or discontinuously in the batch process or in the fed batch or repeated fed batch process.
  • a review of known methods of cultivation will be found in the textbook by Chmiel (Bioreaktoren und periphere bamboo (Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1994)).
  • the culture medium that is to be used must satisfy the requirements of the particular strains in an appropriate manner.
  • culture media for various microorganisms are given in the handbook "Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology” of the American Society for Bacteriology (Washington D. C, USA, 1981 ).
  • These culture media that can be used according to the invention generally comprise one or more sources of carbon, sources of nitrogen, inorganic salts, vitamins and/or trace elements.
  • Preferred sources of carbon are sugars, such as mono-, di- or polysaccharides.
  • Very good sources of carbon are for example glucose, fructose, man- nose, galactose, ribose, sorbose, ribulose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, starch or cellulose.
  • Sugars can also be added to the media via complex compounds, such as molasses, or other by-products from sugar refining. It may also be advantageous to add mixtures of various sources of carbon.
  • Other possible sources of carbon are oils and fats such as soybean oil, sun- flower oil, peanut oil and coconut oil, fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid or linoleic acid, alcohols such as glycerol, methanol or ethanol and organic acids such as acetic acid or lactic acid.
  • Sources of nitrogen are usually organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds or materials containing these compounds.
  • sources of nitrogen include ammonia gas or ammonium salts, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, am- monium carbonate or ammonium nitrate, nitrates, urea, amino acids or complex sources of nitrogen, such as corn-steep liquor, soybean flour, soybean protein, yeast extract, meat extract and others.
  • the sources of nitrogen can be used separately or as a mixture.
  • Inorganic salt compounds that may be present in the media comprise the chloride, phosphate or sulfate salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, cobalt, molybdenum, potassium, manganese, zinc, copper and iron.
  • Inorganic sulfur-containing compounds for example sulfates, sulfites, dithionites, tetrathi- onates, thiosulfates, sulfides, but also organic sulfur compounds, such as mercaptans and thiols, can be used as sources of sulfur.
  • Phosphoric acid, potassium dihydrogenphosphate or dipotassium hydrogenphosphate or the corresponding sodium-containing salts can be used as sources of phosphorus.
  • Chelating agents can be added to the medium, in order to keep the metal ions in solution.
  • Especially suitable chelating agents comprise dihydroxyphenols, such as catechol or protocatechuate, or organic acids, such as citric acid.
  • the culture media used may also contain other growth factors, such as vitamins or growth promoters, which include for ex- ample biotin, riboflavin, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenate and pyridoxine. Growth factors and salts often come from complex components of the media, such as yeast extract, molasses, corn-steep liquor and the like. In addition, suitable precursors can be added to the culture medium. The precise composition of the compounds in the medium is strongly dependent on the particular experiment and must be decided individually for each specific case. Infor- mation on media optimization can be found in the textbook "Applied Microbiol. Physiology, A Practical Approach" (Publ. P.M. Rhodes, P.F.
  • Growing media can also be obtained from commercial suppliers, such as Standard 1 (Merck) or BHI (Brain heart infusion, DIFCO) etc. All components of the medium are sterilized, either by heating (20 min at 2.0 bar and 121 °C) or by sterile filtration. The components can be sterilized either together, or if necessary separately. All the components of the medium can be present at the start of growing, or optionally can be added continuously or by batch feed.
  • the temperature of the culture of the respective microorganism is normally between 15°C and 45°C, preferably 25°C to 40°C and can be kept constant or can be varied during the experiment.
  • the pH value of the medium should be in the range from 5 to 8.5, preferably around 7.0.
  • the pH value for growing can be controlled during growing by adding basic compounds such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia or ammonia water or acid compounds such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • Antifoaming agents e.g. fatty acid polyglycol esters, can be used for controlling foaming.
  • suitable substances with selective action e.g. antibiotics, can be added to the medium.
  • Oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mix- tures e.g. the ambient air, are fed into the culture in order to maintain aerobic conditions.
  • the temperature of the culture is normally from 20°C to 45°C.
  • the methodology of the present invention can further include a step of recovering individual compositions such as cell-free extracts, supernatants, metabolites or alike.
  • the term "recovering” includes extracting, harvesting, isolating or purifying of an extract, supernatant or metabolite e.g. from whole culture broth.
  • Recovering can be performed according to any con- ventional isolation or purification methodology known in the art including, but not limited to, treatment with a conventional resin (e.g., anion or cation exchange resin, non-ionic adsorption resin, etc.), treatment with a conventional adsorbent (e.g., activated charcoal, silicic acid, silica gel, cellulose, alumina, etc.), alteration of pH, solvent extraction (e.g., with a conventional sol- vent such as an alcohol, ethyl acetate, hexane and the like), distillation, dialysis, filtration, concentration, crystallization, recrystallization, pH adjustment, lyophilization and the like.
  • a conventional resin e.g., anion or cation exchange resin, non-ionic adsorption resin, etc.
  • a conventional adsorbent e.g., activated charcoal, silicic acid, silica gel, cellulose, alumina, etc.
  • the agent can be recovered from culture media by first removing the microorganisms. The remaining broth is then passed through or over a cation exchange resin to remove unwanted cations and then through or over an anion exchange resin to remove unwanted inorganic anions and organic acids.
  • Preferred inventive mixtures are those comprising compound II and fungicidal compound IA selected from the group consisting of
  • Inhibitors of complex III at Qo site e.g. strobilurins: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxy- strobin/flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastro-"bin, kresoxim-methyl, meto-rninostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, 2-[2-(2,5- dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester and 2 (2-(3-(2,6-di- chloropheny -l -methyl-allylidene-'aminooxy-'methy -pheny ⁇ -methoxyimino-N methyl- acetamide, pyribencarb, triclop
  • inhibitors of complex III at Qi site cyazofamid, amisulbrom, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-beftnz-"yl-3- [(3-acetoxy-4 methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-di-Oxonan-7-yl] 2 methylpropanoate, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(acet->oxymeth->oxy)-4-methoxy- pyridine-2 carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2 methylpropanoate, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-isobut- , oxycarbonyloxy-4-meth- , oxy-pyri-'dine-2 carbon
  • inhibitors of complex II e.g. carboxamides: bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, N-(4'- trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3 difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H pynazole-4-carboxamide,
  • respiration inhibitors (5,8-difluoro -, quinazolin-4-yl)- ⁇ 2-[2-fluoro-4-(4- trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-ethyl ⁇ -amine, fluazinam; ametoctradin; and silthi- ofam;
  • SBI fungicides Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors
  • DMI fungicides C14 demethylase inhibitors: bitertanol, cyproconazole, , difenoconazole diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexa- conazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, prothio-"conazole, sime- conazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol, triticonazole,, 1 -[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2- chloro -, phenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranylmethyl]-5 thio-"cyanato-1 H-[1 ,2,4]triazole, 2-
  • Delta14-reductase inhibitors fenpropimorph, spiroxamine
  • phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, oxadixyl;
  • tubulin inhibitors such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuber- idazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl;
  • cell division inhibitors ethaboxam, pencycuron, metrafenone,;
  • methionine synthesis inhibitors anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, pyrimethanil;
  • Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors iprobenfos
  • lipid peroxidation quintozene, tolclofos-methyl, etridiazole;
  • phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition dimethomorph, mandipropamid, N-(1 - (1 -(4-cyano-phenyl)-"ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester;
  • inorganic active substances Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;
  • thio- and dithiocarbamates ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, thiram;
  • organochlorine compounds e.g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles: chlorothalonil, captan, folpet;
  • guanidines and others guanidine, dodine, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl-1 H,5H-
  • acibenzolar-S-methyl probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium, 4-cyclopropyl- N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum;
  • Ampelomyces quisqualis e.g. AQ 10® from Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
  • Aspergillus flavus e.g. AFLAGUARD® from Syngenta, CH
  • Aureobasidium pullulans e.g. BOTECTOR® from bio-ferm GmbH, Germany
  • Bacillus pumilus e.g. NRRL Accession No. B-30087 in SONA-TA® and BALLAD® Plus from AgraQuest Inc., USA
  • Bacillus subtilis e.g. isolate NRRL-Nr.
  • Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata also named Gliocladium catenulatum (e.g. isolate J1446: PRESTOP® from Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans (e.g. CONTANS® from Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (e.g. Endothia parasitica from CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus (e.g. YIELD PLUS® from Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum (e.g.
  • BIO- FOX® from S.I.A.P.A., Italy, FUSACLEAN® from Natural Plant Protection, France
  • Metschnikowia fructicola e.g. SHEMER® from Agrogreen, Israel
  • Microdochium dimerum e.g. ANTIBOT® from Agrauxine, France
  • Phlebiopsis gigantea e.g. ROTSOP® from Verdera, Finland
  • Pseudozyma flocculosa e.g. SPORODEX® from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada
  • Pythium oligandrum DV74 e.g.
  • harzianum TH 35 e.g. ROOT PRO® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel
  • T. harzianum T-39 e.g. TRICHODEX® and TRICHODERMA 2000® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel
  • T. harzianum and T. viride e.g. TRICHOPEL from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
  • T. harzianum ICC012 and T. viride ICC080 e.g. REMEDIER® WP from Isagro Ricerca, Italy
  • T. polysporum and T. harzianum e.g. BINAB® from BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden
  • stromaticum e.g. TRICOVAB® from C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil
  • T. virens GL-21 e.g. SOIL- GARD® from Certis LLC, USA
  • T. viride e.g. TRIECO® from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Indien, BIO-CURE® F from T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien
  • T. viride TV1 e.g. T. viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy
  • Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 e.g. BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ.
  • Equally preferred inventive mixtures are those comprising compound II and insecticidal compound IB selected from the group consisting of:
  • M-1 A acetylcholine esterase inhibitors from the class of carbamates: aldicarb, benfuracarb, car- bofuran, carbosulfan, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, thiodicarb, triazamate;
  • M-1 B acetylcholine esterase inhibitors from the class of organophosphates acephate, cadu- safos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/ DDVP, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, imicyafos, isofenphos, methamidophos, phoxim, profenofos, tebupirimfos, terbufos;
  • M-2B fiproles phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, or pyriprole;
  • M-3 sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, beta- cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltame- thrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, permethrin, tefluthrin;
  • M-9 selective homopteran feeding blockers pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, 2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-
  • M-13 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers cartap hydrochloride
  • M-14 inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0 (benzoylurea class): diflubenzuron,
  • M-15 inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 buprofezin;
  • M-17 Ecdyson receptor agonists methoxyfenozide
  • M-24 Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides flubendiamide, chloran- thraniliprole (rynaxypyr), cyanthraniliprole (cyazypyr), the phthalamide compounds (R)-3-chloro- N 1 - ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-1 -(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl ⁇ -N2-(1 -methyl-2- methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide or (S)-3-chloro-N1 - ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-1 - (trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl ⁇ -N2-(1 -methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid (both known from WO 2007/101540), 3-bromo-N- ⁇ 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(1 -cyclopropylethyl)
  • Bacillus firmus e.g. Bacillus firmus of strain CNCM 1 -1582, e.g. WO09126473A1 and WO09124707 A2, commercially available as "Votivo"
  • Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies kurstaki strain SB4 A
  • Preferred inventive mixtures especially useful for seed treatment are those comprising compound II and fungicidal compound I A selected from Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Boscalid, Fluoxapyroxad, Fluopyram, Penflufen, Benzovindiflupyr, Sedaxane, Penthiopyrad, Difenoconazole, Fluquinconazole, Triticonazole, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole, Hexaconazole, Thiophanate-methyl, Pyrimethanil, Cyrodinil, Metalaxyl, Dimethomorph and Mandiprpamid; more preferably selected from Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Boscalid, Fluoxapyroxad, Fluopyram, Penflufen, Benzovindiflupyr, Sedaxane, Penthiopyrad, Difen
  • Preferred inventive mixtures especially useful for soil treatment are those comprising compound II and fungicidal compound I A selected from Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Fluoxapyroxad, Fluopyram, Benzovindiflupyr, Metalaxyl, Fludiox- onil, Oryzastrobin, Boscalid, Penthiopyrad, Iprodione, Dimethomorph and Mandipropamid, more preferably selected from Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Fluoxapyroxad, Fluopyram, Benzovindiflupyr, Metalaxyl and Fludioxonil.
  • compound II and fungicidal compound I A selected from Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Fluoxapyroxad, Fluopyram, Benzovindiflupyr, Metala
  • Preferred inventive mixtures especially useful for foliar treatment are those comprising compound II and fungicidal compound IA selected from Dimoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Cyazofamid, Boscalid, Fluoxapyroxad, Fluopy- ram, Bixafen, Isopyrazam, Benzovindiflupyr, Penthiopyrad, Ametoctradin, Difenoconazole, Metconazole, Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, Cyproconazole, Penconazole, Myclobutanil, Tetraconazole, Hexaconazole, Metrafenone, Zoxamid, Pyrimethanil, Cyprodi- nil, Metalaxyl, Fludioxonil, Dimethomorph, Mandipropamid, Tricyclazole, Copper, Metiram, Chlorothalonil, Di
  • Azoxystrobin Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Cyazofamid, Boscalid, Fluoxapyroxad, Fluopy- ram, Bixafen, Isopyrazam, Benzovindiflupyr, Penthiopyrad, Ametoctradin, Difenoconazole, Metconazole, Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, Cyproconazole, Penconazole, Myclobutanil, Tetraconazole, Hexaconazole, Metrafenone, Zoxamid, Pyrimethanil, Cyprodi- nil, Metalaxyl, Fludioxonil, Dimethomorph, Mandipropamid, Tricyclazole, Copper, Metiram, Chlorothalonil, Dithianon, Fluazinam, Folpet, Fosetyl-AI, Captan, Cymoxanil and Mancozeb.
  • Equally more preferred mixtures are those comprising compound II and compound IB displayed in Table 1 B:
  • Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies kurstaki strain SB4 A
  • More preferred inventive mixtures are those comprising compound II and insecticidal compound IB selected from momfluorothrin; 1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-nitro-1 -[(E)- pentylideneamino]guanidine; 1 -[(E)-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1 -[3-
  • Equally preferred inventive mixtures are those comprising compound II and compound IC having plant growth regulating activity displayed in Table 1 C:
  • Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies kurstaki strain SB4 A
  • prohexadione pro- A M"-34. trinexapac-ethyl A
  • inventive mixtures especially useful for seed treatment are those comprising compound II and compound IC having plant growth regulating activity selected from chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, dimethipin, ethephon, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), 1 - methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP), prohexadione (prohexadione calcium), pthidiazuron and trinexapac-ethyl.
  • chlormequat chloride
  • choline chloride choline chloride
  • cyclanilide dimethipin
  • ethephon dimethipin
  • forchlorfenuron gibberellic acid
  • maleic hydrazide mepiquat (mepiquat chloride)
  • 1 -MCP 1 - methylcyclopropene
  • prohexadione pro
  • inventive mixtures especially useful for foliar treatment are those comprising compound II and compound IC having plant growth regulating activity selected from chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, dimethipin, ethephon, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), 1 - methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP), prohexadione (prohexadione calcium), pthidiazuron and trinexapac-ethyl.
  • chlormequat chlormequat chloride
  • choline chloride choline chloride
  • cyclanilide dimethipin
  • ethephon dimethipin
  • forchlorfenuron gibberellic acid
  • maleic hydrazide mepiquat (mepiquat chloride)
  • 1 -MCP 1 - methylcyclopropene
  • Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies kurstaki strain SB4 A
  • Equally most preferred mixtures are those comprising compound II and compound IB dis- played in Table 2B:
  • Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) subspecies kurstaki SB4 A
  • the inventive mixtures can further contain one or more insecticides, fungicides and/or, herbicides.
  • the compounds of the inventive mixtures can be applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession.
  • compositions can be converted jointly with formulation auxiliaries into individual formulations (compositions) or can be converted jointly with formulation auxiliaries into customary formulations (co-formulation). If applied separately or in succession, compound I and compound II are naturally be formulated separately.
  • the compounds of the inventive mixtures can be present in a kit of parts comprising as part one formulated compound I as defined above; and as second compo- nent one formulated compound II as defined above.
  • individual components of the composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank or any other kind of vessel used for applications (e.g seed treater drums, seed pelleting machinery, knapsack sprayer) and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
  • a spray tank or any other kind of vessel used for applications e.g seed treater drums, seed pelleting machinery, knapsack sprayer
  • further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
  • living microorganisms, such as compound II, form part of such kit it must be taken care that choice and amounts of the other parts of the kit (e.g. chemcial pesticidal agents) and of the further auxiliaries should not influence the viability of the microbial pesticides in the composition mixed by the user.
  • compatibility with the re- spective microbial pesticide has to be taken into account.
  • one embodiment of the invention is a kit for preparing a usable pesticidal composition, the kit compring a) a composition comprising component 1 ) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; and b) a composition comprising component 2) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; and optionally c) a composition comprising at least one auxiliary and optionally a further active component 3) as defined herein.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to a kit of parts comprising as part one formulated compound I as defined above; and as second component one formulated compound II as de- fined above.
  • kit of part may also optionally additionally comprise additional components III as outlined above, which can be also be provided separately packed, or, alternatively be present in combination with compound I or compound II, preferably with compound I.
  • composition types for compound I and/or compound II are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates, capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g.
  • compositions types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.
  • compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grube- mann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.
  • Preferred examples of foliar formulation (or soil treatment) types for pre-mix compositions are : GR: Granules
  • WP wettable powders
  • WG water dispersable granules (powders)
  • OD oil-based suspension concentrate
  • SE aqueous suspo-emulsion
  • Preferred examples of seed treatment formulation types for pre-mix compositions are:
  • WS wettable powders for seed treatment slurry
  • WG water dispersible granules
  • CS aqueous capsule suspension.
  • auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, stabilizers or nutrients, UV protectants, tackifiers and binders.
  • suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, stabilizers or nutrients, UV protectants, tackifiers
  • Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil frac- tions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g.
  • mineral oil frac- tions of medium to high boiling point e.g. kerosene, diesel oil
  • oils of vegetable or animal origin oils of vegetable or animal origin
  • aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalen
  • lactates carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
  • amides e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
  • mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
  • polysaccharides e.g. cellulose, starch
  • fertilizers
  • Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & De- tergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
  • Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
  • Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters.
  • Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
  • alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents.
  • Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
  • N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides.
  • esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
  • sugar- based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or al- kylpolyglucosides.
  • polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrroli- done, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
  • Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
  • Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or pol- yethyleneamines.
  • Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the inventive mixtures on the target.
  • examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxiliaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
  • Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
  • Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.
  • Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
  • Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
  • Suitable colorants e.g. in red, blue, or green
  • Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water- soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanofer- rate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).
  • Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, pol- yacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
  • compositions When living microorganisms, such as compound II, form part of the compositions, such compositions can be prepared as compositions comprising besides the active ingredients at least one auxiliary (inert ingredient) by usual means (see e.g. H.D. Burges: Formulation of Micobial Bi- opestcides, Springer, 1998).
  • auxiliary inert ingredient
  • Suitable customary types of such compositions are suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
  • composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g.
  • WP WP
  • SP WS
  • DP DS
  • pressings e.g. BR, TB, DT
  • granules e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG
  • insecticidal articles e.g. LN
  • gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g. GF).
  • Suitable formulations are e.g. mentioned in WO 2008/002371 , US 6955,912, US 5,422,107.
  • auxiliaries examples are those mentioned earlier herein, wherein it must be taken care that choice and amounts of such auxiliaries should not influence the viability of the microbial pesticides in the composition.
  • auxiliaries Especially for bactericides and solvents, compatibility with the respective microorganism of the respective microbial pesticide has to be taken into account.
  • compositions with microbial pesticides may further contain stabilizers or nutrients and UV protectants.
  • Suitable stabilizers or nutrients are e.g. alpha-tocopherol, trehalose, glutamate, potassium sorbate, various sugars like glucose, su- crose, lactose, maltodextrine.
  • Suitable UV protectants are e.g. inorganic compounds like titan dioxide, zinc oxide and iron oxide pigments or organic compounds like benzophenones, benzotriazoles, phenyltriazines.
  • the compositions may in addition to auxiliaries mentioned for compositions comprising compounds I herein optionally comprise 0.1 - 80% stabilizers or nutrients and 0.1 -10% UV protectants.
  • suitable ratios for multiple formulation types referenced above are given in Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.
  • composition types and their preparation are given below. It has to be noted that each compound present in the mixture of the present invention can be formulated separately and then, for preparation of the mixture, combined, e.g. in any spray device, or on the seed by consecutive or simultaneous application as outlined in more detail below.
  • CS formulations are particularly useful for compound I, less for compound II.
  • granules, powders or suspensions are preferred formulation type.
  • agitated vessel 1 -60 wt% of compound I or II or an inventive mixture are comminuted with addition of 2-10 wt% dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), 0.1 -2 wt% thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and up to 100 wt% water or an suitable oil to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • dispersants and wetting agents e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate
  • 0.1 -2 wt% thickener e.g. xanthan gum
  • up to 100 wt% water or an suitable oil to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • binder e.g. polyvinylalcohol
  • 1 -80 wt% of compound I or II or an inventive mixture are are mixed to 100 wt% dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate) and prepared as water- dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray- drying, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active sub- stance.
  • dispersants and wetting agents e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate
  • 1 -80 wt% of a compound I or II or an inventive mixture are are mixed with addition of 1 -5 wt% dispersants (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1 -3 wt% wetting agents (e.g. alcohol ethoxylate) and up to 100 wt% solid carrier, e.g. silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solu- tion of the active substance.
  • 1 -5 wt% dispersants e.g. sodium lignosulfonate
  • 1 -3 wt% wetting agents e.g. alcohol ethoxylate
  • solid carrier e.g. silica gel
  • compound I or II or an inventive mixture are comminuted with addition of 3-10 wt% dispersants (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1 -5 wt% thickener (e.g. carboxy- methylcellulose) and up to 100 wt% water to give a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • dispersants e.g. sodium lignosulfonate
  • 1 -5 wt% thickener e.g. carboxy- methylcellulose
  • An oil phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a compound I, 0-40 wt% water insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15 wt% acrylic monomers (e.g. methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules.
  • an oil phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a compound I according to the invention, 0-40 wt% water insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), and an isocyanate monomer (e.g.
  • diphenylmethene-4,4'-diisocyanatae are dis- persed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol).
  • a protective colloid e.g. polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the addition of a polyamine results in the formation of polyurea microcapsules.
  • the monomers amount to 1 -10 wt%.
  • the wt% relate to the total CS composition.
  • 1 -10 wt% of compound I or II or an inventive mixture are mixed intimately with up to 100 wt% solid carrier, e.g. finely divided kaolin.
  • 0.5-30 wt% of of compound I or II or an inventive mixture is mixed and associated with up to 100 wt% solid carrier (e.g. silicate).
  • Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed.
  • compositions types i) to xi) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, such as 0.1 -1 wt% bactericides, 5-15 wt% anti-freezing agents, 0.1 -1 wt% anti-foaming agents, and 0.1 -1 wt% colorants.
  • the seed treatment or soil treatment combinations and compositions comprising the inventive mixtures can also comprise or may be applied together and/or sequentially with further active compounds.
  • These further useful active compounds can be fertilizers or micronutrient donors (such as Mo, Zn and / or Co).
  • the resulting agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active substance.
  • a tank-mix formulation for foliar or soil application comprises 0.1 to 20 percent, especially 0.1 to 15 percent, of the desired ingredients, and 99.9 to 80 percent, especially 99.9 to 85 percent, of a solid or liquid auxiliaries (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 20 percent, especially 0.1 to 15 percent, based on the tank-mix formulation.
  • auxiliaries including, for example, a solvent such as water
  • a pre-mix formulation for soil or for foliar application comprises 0.1 to 99.9 percent, especially 1 to 95 percent, of the desired ingredients, and 99.9 to 0.1 percent, especially 99 to 5 percent, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50 percent, especially 0.5 to 40 percent, based on the pre-mix formulation.
  • a solid or liquid adjuvant including, for example, a solvent such as water
  • a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80 percent, especially 1 to 75 percent, of the desired ingredients, and 99.75 to 20 percent, especially 99 to 25 percent, of a solid or liquid auxiliaries (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40 percent, especially 0.5 to 30 percent, based on the tank-mix formulation.
  • auxiliaries including, for example, a solvent such as water
  • a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9 percent, especially 1 to 95 percent, of the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1 percent, especially 99 to 5 percent, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50 percent, especially 0.5 to 40 percent, based on the pre-mix formulation.
  • a solid or liquid adjuvant including, for example, a solvent such as water
  • the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50 percent, especially 0.5 to 40 percent, based on the pre-mix formulation.
  • the end user will normally employ dilute formulations (e.g., tank mix composition).
  • soil application includes methods of applying to the soil can be via any suitable method, which ensures that the combination penetrates the soil, for example, nursery tray application, in furrow application, soil drenching, soil injection, drip irrigation, application through sprinklers or central pivot, incorporation into soil (broad cast or in band) are such methods.
  • Seed treatment methods for applying or treating inventive mixtures and compositions thereof to plant propagation material, especially seeds, are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, filmcoating, pelleting and soaking application methods of the propagation material. Such methods are also applicable to the combinations according to the invention.
  • the inventive mixture is applied or treated on to the plant propagation material by a method such that the germination is not negatively impactedT
  • suitable methods for applying (or treating) a plant propagation material is seed dressing, seed coating or seed pelleting and alike.
  • the plant propagation material is a seed, seed piece (i.e. stalk) or seed bulb.
  • seed piece i.e. stalk
  • the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seed be in a sufficiently durable state that it incurs no damage during the treatment process.
  • the seed would be a seed that had been harvested from the field; removed from the plant; and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surround- ing pulp or other non-seed plant material.
  • the seed would preferably also be biologically stable to the extent that the treatment would cause no biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvest of the seed and sowing of the seed or during the sowing process (seed directed applications).
  • the seed may also be primed either before or after the treatment.
  • Treatment could vary from a thin film (dressing) of the formulation containing the combination, for example, a mixture of active ingredient(s), on a plant propagation material, such as a seed, where the original size and/or shape are recog- nizable to an intermediary state (such as a coating) and then to a thicker film (such as pelleting with many layers of different materials (such as carriers, for example, clays; different formulations, such as of other active ingredients; polymers; and colourants) where the original shape and/or size of the seed is no longer recognizable.
  • An aspect of the present invention includes application of the inventive mixtures onto the plant propagation material in a targeted fashion, including positioning the ingredients in the combination onto the entire plant propagation material or on only parts thereof, including on only a single side or a portion of a single side.
  • inventive mixtures onto the plant propagation material in a targeted fashion, including positioning the ingredients in the combination onto the entire plant propagation material or on only parts thereof, including on only a single side or a portion of a single side.
  • inventive mixtures can also be used in form of a "pill” or “pellet” or a suitable substrate and placing, or sowing, the treated pill, or substrate, next to a plant propagation material.
  • Such techniques are known in the art, particularly in EP1 124414, WO07/67042, and WO07/67044.
  • Appli- cation of the combinations described herein onto plant propagation material also includes protecting the plant propagation material treated with the combination of the present invention by placing one or more pesticide-containing particles next to a pesticide-treated seed, wherein the amount of pesticide is such that the pesticide-treated seed and the pesticide- containing particles together contain an Effective Dose of the pesticide and the pesticide dose contained in the pesticide-treated seed is less than or equal to the Maximal Non-Phytotoxic Dose of the pesticide.
  • Such techniques are known in the art, particularly in WO2005/120226.
  • Controlled release coatings on the seeds wherein the ingredients of the combinations are incorporated into materials that release the ingredients over time.
  • controlled release seed treatment technologies are generally known in the art and include polymer films, waxes, or other seed coatings, wherein the ingredients may be incorporated into the controlled release material or applied between layers of materials, or both. Seed can be treated by applying thereto the compound s present in the inventive mixtures in any desired sequence or simultaneously.
  • the seed treatment occurs to an unsown seed, and the term "unsown seed” is meant to include seed at any period between the harvest of the seed and the sowing of the seed in the ground for the purpose of germination and growth of the plant.
  • Treatment to an unsown seed is not meant to include those practices in which the active ingredient is applied to the soil but would include any application practice that would target the seed during the planting process.
  • the treatment occurs before sowing of the seed so that the sown seed has been pre- treated with the combination.
  • seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the combinations according to the invention.
  • the ingredients in each combination are adhered on to the seed and therefore available for pest control.
  • the treated seeds can be stored, handled, sowed and tilled in the same manner as any other active ingredient treated seed.
  • the inventive mixture is applied usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.
  • the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained.
  • 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready- to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.
  • either individual compounds of the inventive mixtures formulated as composition or partially premixed components e. g. components set forth in the inventive mix- tures may be mixed by the user in a spray tank and further auxiliaries and additives may be added, if appropriate (tank mix).
  • either individual components of the inventive mixture or partially premixed components e. g. components comprising the compound I and II, can be applied jointly (e.g. after tankmix) or consecutively.
  • the time between both applications may vary e.g. between 2 hours to 7 days. Also a broader range is possible ranging from 0.25 hour to 30 days, preferably from 0.5 hour to 14 days, particularly from 1 hour to 7 days or from 1 .5 hours to 5 days, even more preferred from 2 hours to 1 day.
  • compound II is applied as last treatment.
  • the rates of application (use) of a combination vary, for example, according to type of use, type of crop, the compound (I) in the combination with I, type of plant propagation material (if appro- priate), but is such that the active ingredients in the combination is an effective amount to provide the desired synergistically enhanced action (such as disease or pest control and plant heath effects) and can be determined by trials and routine experimentation known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the amounts of active substances applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.01 to 1.0 kg per ha, and in particular from 0.05 to 0.75 kg per ha.
  • the application rates preferably range from about 1 x 10 6 to 5 x 10 15 (or more) CFU/ha.
  • the spore concentration is about 1 x 10 7 to about 1 x 10 11 CFU/ha.
  • the amount of the inventive mixtures is in the range from 0.01 -10kg, preferably from 0.1 -1000 g, more preferably from 1 -100 g per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material (preferably seeds).
  • the application rates with respect to plant propagation material preferably range from about 1 x 10 6 to 1 x 10 12 (or more) CFU/seed.
  • the spore concentration is about 1 x 10 6 to about 1 x 10 11 CFU/seed.
  • the application rates with respect to plant propagation material may also preferably range from about 1 x 10 7 to 1 x 10 14 (or more) CFU per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 x 10 9 to about 1 x 10 11 CFU per 100 kg of seed.
  • the methods according to the invention for controlling pests or increasing the health of plants of the abovementioned type is carried out in a manner known per se to those skilled in the art, depending on the intended aims and prevailing circumstances, that is to say by spraying, wetting, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, seed dressing, scattering or pouring of the composition.
  • inventive mixtures are suitable for controlling the following fungal plant diseases:
  • Albugo spp. white rust on ornamentals, vegetables (e. g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e. g. A. tragopogonis); Altemaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape (A. brassicola or brassi- cae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e. g. A. solani or A.retemata), tomatoes (e. g. A. solani or A.retemata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e. g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A.
  • Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.), e. g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e. g. spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals and e.g. B. oryzae on rice and turfs; Blumeria (formerly Erysiphe) gram- inis (powdery mildew) on cereals (e. g. on wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botry- otinia fuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.
  • strawberries vegetables
  • vegetables e. g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages
  • rape flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat
  • Bremia lactucae downy mildew
  • Ceratocystis syn. Ophiostoma
  • Cercospora spp. rot or wilt
  • corn e.g. Gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis
  • sugar beets e. g. C.
  • sa- sakii sheath blight
  • Corynespora cassiicola leaf spots
  • Cycloconium spp. e. g. C. oleaginum on olive trees
  • Cylindrocarpon spp. e. g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • lirio- dendri teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp., e. g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyr- enophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e. g. D. teres, net blotch) and wheat (e. g. D. D.
  • tritici-repentis tan spot), rice and turf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formiti- poria (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (earlier Phaeo- acremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (£. pyri), soft fruits (£. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (£.
  • ampelina anthracnose
  • Entyloma oryzae leaf smut
  • Epicoccum spp. black mold
  • Ery- siphe spp. prowdery mildew
  • sugar beets £. betae
  • vegetables e. g. E. pisi
  • cucurbits e. g. E. cichoracearum
  • cabbages e. g. E. cruciferarum
  • Eutypa lata Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn.
  • Drechslera teleomorph: Cochli- obolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e. g. H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn.
  • phaseoli root and stem rot
  • soybeans and cotton
  • Microdochium syn. Fusarium
  • nivale pink snow mold
  • Microsphaera diffusa prowdery mildew
  • Monilinia spp. e. g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants
  • Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e. g. M.
  • soybeans e. g. P. gregata: stem rot; Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on rape and cabbage and P. betae (root rot, leaf spot and damping-off) on sugar beets; Pho- mopsis spp. on sunflowers, vines (e. g. P. viticola: can and leaf spot) and soybeans (e. g. stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis (brown spots) on corn; Phytophthora spp.
  • Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e. g. P. leucotricha on apples; Polymyxa spp., e. g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae) and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Pseudocercosporella herpo- trichoides (eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, e. g. wheat or barley; Pseu- doperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, e.
  • Puccinia spp. rusts on various plants, e. g. P. triticina (brown or leaf rust), P. striiformis (stripe or yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf rust), P. graminis (stem or black rust) or P. recondita (brown or leaf rust) on cereals, such as e. g. wheat, barley or rye, P.
  • kuehnii orange rust
  • Pyrenophora anamorph: Drechslera
  • tritici-repentis tan spot
  • P. teres net blotch
  • Pyricularia spp. e. g. P. oryzae (teleo- morph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals
  • Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e. g. P. ultimum or P.
  • Ramularia spp. e. g. R. collo-cygni (Ramularia leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e. g. R. solani (root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R.
  • R. solani root and stem rot
  • deformans leaf curl disease
  • T. pruni plum pocket
  • plums Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e. g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (common bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e. g. T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhula incarnata (grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e. g. U.
  • occulta stem smut
  • Uro- myces spp. rust
  • vegetables such as beans (e. g. U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e. g. U. betae);
  • Ustilago spp. loose smut) on cereals (e. g. U. nuda and U.
  • corn e. g. U. maydis: corn smut
  • sugar cane e. g. V. inaequalis
  • Venturia spp. scab
  • apples e. g. V. inaequalis
  • pears e.g. Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such as fruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g. V. dahliae on strawberries, rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
  • the mixtures according to the present inventino and compositions thereof, respectively, are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of stored products or harvest and in the protection of materials.
  • the term "protection of materials” is to be understood to denote the protection of technical and non-living materials, such as adhesives, glues, wood, paper and paper- board, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastics, colling lubricants, fiber or fabrics, against the infestation and destruction by harmful microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria.
  • Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomy- cetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp.
  • yeast fungi are worthy of note: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
  • the inventive mixtures exhibit also outstanding action against animal pests from the following orders: insects from the order of the lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gam- ma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choris- toneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendroli- mus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grand iosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha
  • Dichromothrips corbetti Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci, termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Leucotermes flavipes, Heterotermes aureus, Re- ticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Termes natalensis, and Coptotermes formosanus, cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g.
  • Blattella germanica Blattella asahinae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuligginosa, Periplaneta aus- tralasiae, and Blatta orientalis, true bugs (Hemiptera), e.g.
  • Hoplocampa minuta Hoplocampa testudinea
  • Monomorium pharaonis Solenopsis geminata
  • Vespula squamosa Paravespula vulgaris, Paravespula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Doli- chovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepi- thema humile, crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g.
  • Arachnoidea such as arachnids (Acarina), e.g.
  • Argasidae Ixodidae and Sar- coptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes pacificus, Ornithodorus mou- bata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodorus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Der- manyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephal
  • Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus palli- dus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus
  • Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis
  • Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, e.g. Latrodectus mactans, and Loxosceles reclusa, fleas (Siphonaptera), e.g.
  • Pediculus humanus capitis Pediculus humanus corporis, Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus eurystemus, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus vituli, Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus, plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javan- ica and other Meloidogyne species; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other Globodera species, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera scha
  • plant denotes various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e.g. wheat, rye, barley, triti- cale, oats or rice; beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g.
  • plants are OSR/canola, cereals, rice, legumes/pulses, alfalfa, sugarbeet, mustard, sorghum, tobacco, fruits (temperate and tropical), grapes, vegetables, coffee, forest trees and ornamentals.
  • More preferred plants are corn, soybean, sugarcane, sunflower, potato, cotton, fruits (temperate and tropical), grapes, vegetables, coffee, forest trees and ornamentals.
  • plants are fruits (temperate and tropical), grapes, vegetables, coffee, forest trees and ornamentals.
  • plants is also to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://cera-gmc.org/, see GM crop database therein).
  • Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination.
  • one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
  • Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-translational modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
  • auxin herbicides such
  • herbicides e. bromoxynil or ioxynil herbicides as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. Furthermore, plants have been made resistant to multiple classes of herbicides through multiple genetic modifications, such as resistance to both glyphosate and glufosinate or to both glyphosate and a herbicide from another class such as ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, auxin herbicides, or ACCase inhibitors.
  • ALS inhibitors e.g. described in Pest Managem. Sci.
  • cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis), e.g. Clearfield ® summer rape (Canola, BASF SE, Germany) being tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g.
  • plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as ⁇ -endotoxins, e.g. CrylA(b), Cry- IA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e. g. Photorhabdus spp.
  • VIP vegetative insecticidal proteins
  • toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins
  • toxins produced by fungi such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins
  • pro- teinase inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors
  • ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP) such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin
  • steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP- glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase
  • ion channel blockers such as blockers of
  • insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins.
  • Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e.g. WO02/015701 ).
  • Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capa- ble of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e. g., in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278,
  • WO 95/34656 EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 und WO 03/52073.
  • the methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above.
  • These insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins toler- ance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of athropods, especially to beetles (Coelop- tera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda).
  • Genetically modified plants capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins are, e.
  • WO 03/018810 MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry3Bb1 toxin), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton cultivars producing a modified version of the CrylAc toxin) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry1 F toxin and PAT enzyme).
  • plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are the so-called "pathogenesis- related proteins" (PR proteins, see, e. g.
  • EP-A 392 225 plant disease resistance genes (e. g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4-lysozym (e. g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Er- winia amylvora).
  • plant disease resistance genes e. g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum
  • T4-lysozym e. g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Er- winia amylvora.
  • the methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above.
  • plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivity (e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral patho- gens of those plants.
  • productivity e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content
  • plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, e. g. oil crops that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e. g. Nexera ® rape, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada).
  • plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora ® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
  • a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora ® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
  • the compound ratios are advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect.
  • the solid material (dry matter) of the microorganisms such as com- pound II or antifungal biocontrol agents (with the exception of oils) are considered as active components (e.g. to be obtained after drying or evaporation of the extraction medium or the suspension medium in case of liquid formulations of the microbial pesticides).
  • the total weight ratios of compositions comprising at least one microbial pesticide in the form of viable microbial cells including dormant forms can be determined using the amount of CFU of the respective microorganism to calclulate the total weight of the respective active component with the following equation that 1 x 109 CFU equals one gram of total weight of the respective active component.
  • Colony forming unit is measure of viable microbial cells, in particular fungal and bacterial cells.
  • CFU may also be understood as the number of (juvenile) individual nematodes in case of (entomopathogenic) nematode biopesticides, such as Stei- nernema feltiae.
  • the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) generally depends from the properties of the active components used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 , even more preferably in the range of from 1 :4 to 4:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :2 to 2:1.
  • the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1000:1 to 1 :1 , often in the range of from 100: 1 to 1 :1 , regularly in the range of from 50:1 to 1 :1 , preferably in the range of from 20:1 to 1 :1 , more preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1 :1 , even more preferably in the range of from 4:1 to 1 :1 and in particular in the range of from 2:1 to 1 :1.
  • the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :1000, often in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :100, regularly in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :50, preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :20, more preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :10, even more preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :4 and in particular in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :2.
  • the weight ratio of component 1 ) and component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20: 1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 : 10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :4 to 4: 1 , and the weight ratio of component 1 ) and component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :4 to 4:1.
  • any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20 to the component 1 ).
  • the chemical pesticides e.g. compounds IA, IB or IC
  • the chemical pesticides were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of l OOOOppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • the stock solutions of the chemical pesticides were mixed according to the ratio, diluted to the stated concentrations and pipetted onto a filter micro titer plate (MTP).
  • a spore suspension of the pathogen e.g. Botrytis cinerea, Septoria tritici, etc.
  • aqueous biomalt solution was added as well as different concentrations of spores or cells of the microbial pesticide (e.g. compound II).
  • the plates were incubated at optimal temperature depending on the pathogen and further processed 1 -7 days after incubation. The supernatant was removed using CaptiVac Vacuum Collar and a vacuum filter pump. The remaining cell pellet was resolved in water and DNA was extracted.
  • the growth of the pathogen was quantified via quantitative Real Time PCR using species- or strain-specific primers. To assess synergistic effects growth of the fungal pathogens was calculated in comparison to the different controls containing either the chemical pesticide or the microbial pesticide alone.
  • the measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus-free and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the respective active compounds.
  • E x + y - x » y/100 E expected efficacy, expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the mixture of the active compounds A (e.g. compound IA, IB or IC) and B (e.g. compound II) at the concentrations a and b
  • y efficacy expressed in % of the untreated control, when using the active compound B at the concentration b.
  • Use example FM-1 Activity against Septoria tritici, the causal agent of leaf blotch on wheat A spore suspension of Septoria tritici ⁇ n an aqueous biomalt solution was used. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18°C.
  • the chemical pesticides (e.g. compounds IA, IB or IC) were formulated separately or together as a stock solution comprising 25 mg of active substance which was made up to 10ml using a mixture of acetone and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the emulsifier Wettol EM 31 (wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in a volume ratio of solvent/emulsifier of 99 to 1. This solution was then made up to 100ml using water. This stock solution was diluted with the solvent/em ulsifier/water mixture described to the active substance concentration given below.
  • the microbial pesticide (e.g. compound II) was cultivated as described herein and was diluted with water to the concentration given below.
  • Young seedlings of tomato plants were grown in pots. The plants were sprayed to runoff with an aqueous suspension containing the concentration of chemical pesticide stated below. Simultaneously or up to 6 hours later, the plants were sprayed with an aquous suspension containg the concentration of the microbial pesticide stated below. The next day, the treated plants were inoculated with an aqueous suspension of sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. After inoculation, the trial plants were immediately transferred to a humid chamber. After 6 days at 18 to 20°C and a relative humidity close to 100%, the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as % diseased leaf area.
  • test plants After drying of the sprayed suspension, the test plants were returned into the greenhouse and cultivated at temperatures between 20 and 22°C and at 65 to 70% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 7 days. The extent of the rust development on the leaves was then determined visually.
  • Use example FG-3 Protective action against Puccinia recondita on wheat (brown rust of wheat)
  • Leaves of potted wheat seedlings of the cultivar "Kanzler" were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of chemical persticide stated below. Simultaneously or up to 6 hours later, the plants were sprayed with an aquous suspension containg the concentration of microbial pesticide stated below. The next day, the treated plants were dusted with a suspension of spores of mildew of wheat (Blumeria graminis tritici). The plants were then returned into the greenhouse and cultivated at temperatures between 20 and 24°C and at 60 to 90% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 7 days. The extent of the mildew development on the leaves was then determined visually.
  • Leaves of potted cucumber seedlings (in the germ layer stage) were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the concentration of chemical pesticide stated below. Simultaneously or up to 6 hours later, the plants were sprayed with an aquous suspension containg the concentration of microbial pesticide stated below. The next day, the treated plants were dusted with a suspension of spores of mildew of cucumber (Sphaerotheca fuliginea). The plants were then returned into the greenhouse and cultivated at temperatures between 20 and 24°C and at 60 to 80% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 7 days. The extent of the mildew development on the seed leaves was then determined visually.
  • the insecticidal action of the mixtures according to the invention can be shown by the tests as described below using the respective microbial pesticide (e.g. compound II) as formulated prod- uct or conidia/spores suspensions in sterile water with 0.05% v/v adjuvant (e.g. Tween® 80).
  • microbial pesticide e.g. compound II
  • prod- uct or conidia/spores suspensions in sterile water with 0.05% v/v adjuvant e.g. Tween® 80.
  • PDA potato dextrose agar medium
  • MEA malt dextrose agar
  • PCA potato carrot agar
  • SDA sabouraud dextrose agar
  • sterile plates e.g. Petri dishes
  • vessels e.g. bottles
  • sterile water e.g. water
  • A) Liquid mixture in a bottle Chemical pesticide formulations are prepared from stock solutions (see above) in sterile water or water with 0.05% v/v Tween® 80 using a logarithmic range of concentrations expressed in ppm. The spore/conidia solution of the microbial pesticide at the concentration stated below is pipetted into each vessel containing the chemical pesticide. The vessels are shaken to ensure the complete suspension of the microbial pesticide and kept at room temperature (24-26 °C) during the experiment.
  • the mixture is then diluted to a concentration of 1 x 10 6 spores/conidia per ml.
  • a fixed volume (i.e. 1 ml.) of each treatment is pipetted at different time intervals and distributed aseptically onto a plate containing the autoclaved medium for culture.
  • Chemical pesticide at various test concentrations is added to a series of vessels containing warm autoclaved medium before it gets solid, and then poured into separate pates using 4 replicates per treatment. After the medium solidified, the spore/conidia solution (i.e. 1 x 10 6 spores/conidia per ml.) is pipetted into each plate.
  • Test plants are either dipped or sprayed with spore/conidia suspensions of the microbial pesticide at various concentrations or with formulations of the chemical pesticide at various concentrations and subsequently left to dry. Then, the plants are artificially or naturally infested with the respective target insect species. Assessments are carried out at different timings after treatment. The parameters evaluated are: efficacy (counting dead insects vs. alive), feeding damage, and/or plant vigor. All parameters are determined in comparison to the untreated insect-infested plants (free of microbialpesticide and chemical pesticide, respectively).
  • a synergism trial will contain at least the following treatments:
  • the microbial pesticide suspensions and chemical pesticide formulations can be prepared as described above.
  • the expected efficacies of the mixtures are determined using Colby's formula as described above and compared with the observed efficacies. Efficacy is determined as insect mortality (number of dead insects vs. number of insects tested in the experiment) and/or % feeding damage.
  • Soybean plants are grown in the field allowing natural infestation with stinkbugs. Plants were sprayed with the respective treatments. Efficacy was determined at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment.
  • Tomato plants were grown in the field allowing natural infestation with whiteflies. Plants were sprayed with the respective treatments. Efficacy on adults was determined at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment, on larvae at 21 days after treatment.
  • Use example I-3 Protective action against thrips (Frankiniella occidentalis) in the growth chamber
  • Lima bean plants were grown in small pots. Plants were dipped into the respective treatments. Plants were put into plastic cups and left to dry. Once dried, plants were infested with 15 adult thrips and cups were closed. Efficacy was evaluated at 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment.
  • Use example I-4 Protective action against Southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridiana)
  • Lima bean leaves were cut and dipped into the respective treatments and placed in Petri dishes on wet filter paper to keep humidity. Once the surface of the leaves dried, 5 first/second instar larvae were infested per petri dish. Efficacy was evaluated at 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment.
  • Use example 5 Protective action against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in the field
  • Potato plants were grown in the field allowing natural infestation with Colorado potato beetles. Plants were sprayed with the respective treatments. Efficacy was determined at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment.
  • the plant health improving action of the mixtures according to the invention can be shown by the tests described below.
  • Drought stress tolerance can be tested e.g. on duckweed plants grown in 24-well microplates according to the method disclosed J. Plant Growth Regul. 30, 504-51 1 (201 1 ). The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant under drought stress (e.g. PEG treatment) (0%) and the active compound-free blank value without drought stress (e.g. PEG-fee) (100%) to determine the relative growth in % in the respective active compounds. The expected efficacies of active compound combinations were determined using Colby's formula as described above. Print Out (Original in Electronic Form)

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des mélanges pesticides comprenant le Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) ssp. kurstaki souche SB4 et un fongicide ou un insecticide ou un composé régulateur de croissance des plantes, ainsi que des utilisations respectives de ceux-ci en agriculture.
PCT/EP2013/073539 2012-11-22 2013-11-12 Mélanges pesticides Ceased WO2014079724A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12193739.5 2012-11-22
EP12193739 2012-11-22
EP13184839 2013-09-17
EP13184839.2 2013-09-17

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WO2014079724A1 true WO2014079724A1 (fr) 2014-05-30

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CN104186506A (zh) * 2014-09-28 2014-12-10 江苏省绿盾植保农药实验有限公司 一种防治水稻害虫复合杀虫剂及其应用
CN104286032A (zh) * 2014-09-04 2015-01-21 青岛农业大学 一种黄色篮状菌孢子粉的制备方法、黄色篮状菌可湿性粉剂及其制备方法
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US10251400B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2019-04-09 Basf Se Mixtures comprising a Bacillus strain and a pesticide
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US10512267B2 (en) 2013-07-08 2019-12-24 BASF Agro, B.V. Compositions comprising a triazole compound and a biopesticide
US10519122B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2019-12-31 BASF Agro B.V. Process for the preparation of substituted oxiranes and triazoles
US10537110B2 (en) 2012-11-22 2020-01-21 Basf Corporation Pesticidal mixtures
US10743535B2 (en) 2017-08-18 2020-08-18 H&K Solutions Llc Insecticide for flight-capable pests
US10759767B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2020-09-01 BASF Agro B.V. Compositions comprising a triazole compound
US10779536B2 (en) 2014-11-07 2020-09-22 Basf Se Pesticidal mixtures
US10905122B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2021-02-02 Basf Se Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on cereals
CN112772658A (zh) * 2021-01-25 2021-05-11 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 一种粉红螺旋聚孢霉孢子与啶酰菌胺的杀菌组合物及应用
CN113439764A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-09-28 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） 绿色防控当归麻口病的组合物及其方法与应用
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