WO2014067718A1 - Rotor body for a comminuting device, particularly a drum chipper for comminuting wood or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

Rotor body (5) for a comminuting device, particularly a drum chipper for comminuting wood or the like, wherein a plurality of blades (3) can be fastened on the rotor body (5) so as to be distributed around the circumference, forming a substantially cylindrical rotor drum (1). The rotor body (5) is characterized in that it is manufactured as a one-piece casting of ductile cast iron, into which are formed a plurality of eccentrically arranged rotor chambers (6) running parallel to the rotor axis (2), which chambers each extend over the entire length of the rotor (L) and are open at one end.

Description

 Drum chipper for shredding wood or the like

Description:

The invention relates to a rotor body for a crushing device, in particular for a drum chipper for the comminution of wood or the like, wherein on the rotor body distributed over the circumference a plurality of (hacking) knife to form a substantially cylindrical rotor drum can be fastened. Drum chippers are used in particular for the comminution of wood, z. B. long wood. The material to be shredded, z. B. the long wood is supplied via a feed of a rotating rotor drum, and that is usually along the longitudinal direction of the long timbers. The chopping knives distributed over the circumference are as a rule assigned to so-called "chip pockets", which are open on the outside and are likewise distributed over the circumference of the rotor drum. They are upstream of the respective knives in the direction of rotation.

The basic structure of such a drum chipper is z. B. from DE 20 2005 004 722 U1. For the supply of long timbers two superimposed Zuführdecks are provided which are designed as roller decks with a plurality of drivable rollers.

The rotor drum of such a drum chopper has as a basic body a rotor body on which in particular the knives are fastened.

From DE 195 09 068 A1 it is known to form the rotor or its base body as a welded construction, wherein the rotor body z. B. has two opposing, extending over the rotor length rotor plates arranged at two approximately perpendicular to the rotor plates, also extending over the rotor length corpus sheets

are welded. The end faces of the rotor body then each have a welded hub, which serve to receive the rotor shaft, on which the rotor body is rotatably secured by a respective inserted into the two hubs clamping set. On each of the two rotor plates a chopping blade is determined by a respective clamping plate, which in cross-section have a wood chip length determining curved surface.

From DE 33 16 521 also known a rotor drum for a drum chipper, in which in the outside open receiving pockets in the form of splines centrifugal wedges are used to secure the knives.

Finally, DE 1 950 371 discloses a rotor body or a rotor drum of the type described in the opening paragraph. Chopping knives are arranged on the base body or the cutterhead, each knife being fastened by means of tension and / or pressure fastening means such as screws in one of the Guiding displaceable prism piece is held, on which a stop formed in its longitudinal direction adjustable holding means is applied. This holding iron are provided, which may be made of cast iron. The rotor blade drum can be made of cast steel.

The known rotor body or rotor drums for drum chipper have basically proven in practice, but they are capable of further development. This is especially true for the production, because the production of the known rotor body is relatively expensive.

From DE 1 425 080 and US Pat. No. 3,237,276 A, moreover, a hollow cylinder rotor based on a modular system of type standardization, which is designed as a hollow cylinder, which is composed of longitudinal body segments, is known.

The hollow body segments are made either as individual components or as closed segment longitudinal body in the casting or spraying of light metal or plastic. The invention has for its object to provide a rotor body for a crushing device, in particular for a drum chipper, which can be produced easily and inexpensively with high stability.

To solve this problem, the invention teaches in a generic rotor body for a crushing device of the type described input, that the rotor body is made as a one-piece cast iron castings with nodular graphite, in which a plurality of parallel to the rotor axis extending eccentrically arranged rotor chambers are formed, each passing through extend the entire rotor length and are open at the ends. These rotor chambers preferably have an identical cross section over the entire length.

The invention is based on the recognition that a very stable rotor body can be produced in a simple manner in the form of a one-piece cast body made of cast metal. The rotor chambers arranged parallel to the rotor axis reduce or limit the total weight of the rotor body. The rotor body can therefore be produced integrally by casting in a casting mold, in particular, because the casting mold is preferably arranged during casting in a vertical orientation with a vertically oriented rotor axis and consequently also with vertically oriented rotor chambers. The casting is preferably carried out in lost form, for. B. in (hand-shaped) sand mold. The cast body can be demolded easily, since in the region of the chambers can be dispensed with elaborate casting cores, even if

the chambers themselves have a complicated, asymmetrical cross-section.

This also applies if a central shaft recess is formed in the rotor body, which extends continuously over the entire rotor width and into which a rotor shaft can be inserted. This shaft recess can likewise have an identical cross section over the length, so that then optionally the entire cast body has an identical cross section over its length. However, it is also within the scope of the invention that the central shaft recess has a varying over the rotor length cross section and z. B. in the region of the shaft center region has a larger cross section than in the areas of the shaft ends. Since the shaft recess generally has a round cross-section, it is possible to use simple casting cores in spite of the cross-sectional variation, so that simple demoulding is nevertheless possible. In this case, by the variation of the cross section or the diameter of the shaft recess over the rotor length, a material saving and a further reduction of the total weight of the rotor body is achieved.

It is further provided that in the rotor body distributed over the circumference open receiving pockets are formed, which form chip pockets or in which inserts can be used to form chip pockets. The design of a rotor drum with such chip pockets is known in principle. According to the invention, corresponding pockets extending over the rotor length are provided in the course of the casting.

It is within the scope of the invention that the base body has a total over the entire rotor length identical cross section, so that the

Casting particularly easy in the way of casting can be produced without casting cores. This applies not only to the rotor chambers, but also to the central shaft recess. However, as already described, it is also within the scope of the invention that the cross section or the diameter of the shaft recess is not identical over the rotor length. Such a configuration is u. a. the material savings or weight reduction. In addition, it can simplify the assembly of the shaft. Because the hub forming a central shaft recess is using clamping sets, z. B. conical clamping sets, mounted on the inserted shaft. These clamping sets require some installation space, so that at least in the front ends of the shaft recess diameter expansion may be appropriate. In the area of the rotor shaft, however, such a diameter variation can be accepted during casting. However, it is important that the eccentric rotor chambers have an identical cross section over the length of the rotor, although this may well have a complicated shape. Thus, the rotor chambers preferably have a cross section which deviates from the circular shape and is optionally formed completely without symmetry. Because the design of the cross section of the rotor chambers is done by optimizing weight savings on the one hand and stability on the other hand and taking into account the webs to be provided. It also plays a role that the outer circumference of the integrally cast rotor body has a complicated and deviating from the circular shape, since on the rotor body finally still further elements are attached.

The rotor chambers are preferably separated from one another by axially parallel separating webs, which are oriented at least in regions substantially radially. The central shaft recess can also from the adjacent rotor chambers by webs, z. B. by a circumferential annular web

be separated. Likewise, the rotor chambers may be bounded on the outer peripheral side of outer webs, which preferably form with their outer surfaces attachment surfaces on which z. As clamping plates for the knife attachment or the like are attached.

Thus, the rotor ultimately consists of a hub, which is formed by the annular web and an outer ring, which is formed by the outer webs, as well as a plurality of connecting webs between the hub and the outer ring, wherein the connecting webs are formed by the separating webs. The hub is fastened with suitable clamping sets on the inserted shaft.

The partitions or connecting webs can according to a preferred development have a Y-shaped cross-section and thus form the outside open receiving pocket.

This embodiment with different chambers and different webs can be realized particularly advantageous overall so that overall a rotor body with over the length identical cross section is formed, which is easy to produce by way of casting. However, as already explained, the invention also includes embodiments in which the entire rotor body does not have an identical cross section over the entire length. Thus, in particular in the area of the rotor shaft recess, a cross-sectional variation can be accepted. The fact that the rotor body is made in one piece by casting does not exclude that it is subsequently subjected to finishing. In particular, mounting recesses, bores or the like can be introduced for the attachment of further elements. Thus, the dividers with mounting apertures for z. B.

Inserts, z. B. spring pots be provided for to be described centrifugal wedge assemblies.

The rotor body is made of (ductile) ductile iron (spherulitic cast iron). All in all, this makes it possible to produce a high-strength rotor body which, despite the simple production, is characterized by limited weight and high stability. Preferably, ductile iron is used in accordance with European standard EN 1563. Particular preference is given to using spheroidal graphite cast iron with (predominantly) ferritic structure. It is, for example, within the scope of the invention, to use cast iron with nodular graphite according to European standard EN 1563 of the material type EN-GJS-400, eg EN-GJS-400-18-LT. The cast iron according to the invention has a sufficient strength and toughness and in particular at low temperatures still a sufficiently high impact strength. This is important because drum chippers are used in different climates. The material according to the invention withstands even occurring at low temperatures (eg minus 35 ° C), striking stresses. It is within the scope of the invention that the rotor body has at least four, preferably at least six rotor chambers. According to a preferred embodiment, eight rotor chambers or more rotor chambers are provided. Here, taking into account stability and weight optimization can be achieved by the appropriate design. This also applies to the shape of the chambers, which particularly preferably have a cross-section deviating from the circular shape and particularly preferably completely asymmetrical. The cross section of the rotor chambers can consequently be formed asymmetrically, ie without point symmetry and / or without axis symmetry. Because according to the invention, an optimal adjustment

the shape of the chambers in conjunction with the to be provided webs and the rotor body areas where, for example, the centrifugal wedge inserts, the blades and / or clamping plates are to be fastened. The invention also relates to a rotor drum for the comminution of wood or the like material, with a rotor body of the type described and with a plurality of knives attached to the rotor body. In the described receiving pockets of the rotor body are preferably inserts, z. B. centrifugal wedge inserts used to form the chip pockets. The centrifugal wedge inserts are preferably subjected to spring elements, for. B. with spring pots, which preferably in openings of the casting, z. B. are used in openings of the dividers or intervene. On the rotor body, outer peripheral side exchangeable clamping plates are attached. These can be fastened to fastening surfaces, which are preferably formed by the outer surfaces of the outer webs of the cast body. These clamping plates also form wear plates. They are preferably made of sheet steel and form part of the rotor circumference or drum circumference, in particular in the area of the blades, so that an exchange of wear elements is possible there. This is particularly advantageous in combination with the fact that the rotor body is formed as a cast body.

The open end rotor chambers of the cast body can in the rotor drum according to the invention end d. H. be closed at the front with separately produced lids. This prevents material from entering the lateral openings of the rotor chambers. These covers can z. B. made of sheet steel.

The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a rotor body of the type described. This method is characterized in that

in that the rotor body is manufactured in one piece by casting in a casting mold, wherein the casting mold is arranged in a vertical orientation with vertically oriented rotor axis during casting. The rotor body is preferably cast in lost form, for. In a sand mold.

In terms of the method, the invention is based on the recognition that the rotor body according to the invention can be cast particularly easily when "standing in an orientation" is used. The casting mold is thus oriented so that the rotor axis of the resulting during casting rotor body is oriented vertically. The rotor length thus corresponds during casting to the height of the "standing" cast body. The production takes place in a particularly simple manner when the rotor chambers or optionally also the entire cast body - as already described - on the rotor length, d. H. over the casting height, having an identical cross-section, as can then be worked without elaborate cores or only in the shaft with core, so that the cast body can be easily removed from the mold.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. Show it

1 shows a rotor drum according to the invention in an end view,

FIG. 2 shows a rotor body of the rotor drum according to FIG. 1 in a perspective view, FIG.

3 shows the object according to FIG. 2 in an end view, FIG.

4 shows the article according to FIG. 2 in a modified embodiment, FIG.

Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1, a Rotortronnnnel is shown for a drum chipper, especially for the comminution of wood. This Rotortronnnnel 1 is basically part of a drum chipper whose structure is known and which is not shown in the figures. In such a drum chipper the wood, z. B. fed in the longitudinal direction of the rotating rotor drum 1 in the form of long wood. The rotor drum 1 rotates about the rotor axis 2. With the attached to the rotor drum 1 knives 3, the cutting of the wood, z. B. of long wood. It can be seen that the rotor drum in the region of the blades 3 each has chip pockets 4, which further transport the chips in the course of the rotation.

An essential component of the rotor drum 1 is the rotor body 5 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The blades 3 are fastened to this rotor body 5 to form the rotor drum 1. According to the invention, this rotor body 5 is manufactured as a one-piece cast body made of cast metal. In the cast body or rotor body 5 a plurality of parallel to the rotor axis 2 extending, eccentrically arranged rotor chambers 6 are formed, each extending continuously over the entire rotor length L and the ends are open. Rotor length L here means the length along the rotor axis or parallel to the rotor axis. Further, a central shaft recess 7 is formed in the rotor body 5, which also extends continuously over the entire rotor length and in which a rotor shaft, not shown, can be used. Furthermore, it can be seen that in the rotor body 5 distributed over the circumference, outside open receiving pockets 8 are formed. These receiving pockets 8 can basically

In addition, the already mentioned chip pockets 4 form. In the exemplary embodiment, these chip pockets 4, however, formed by inserts 9, which are used separately in the receiving pockets 8. In the exemplary embodiment, these are centrifugal wedge inserts 9, which will be discussed below.

The rotor chambers 6 are separated from each other by axially parallel dividers 10, which are at least partially oriented substantially radially. The central shaft recess 7 is separated from the adjacent rotor chambers 6 by an annular web 1 1. The rotor chambers 6 are bounded on the outer peripheral side by outer webs 12. Thus, the rotor ultimately consists of a hub, which is formed by the annular web 1 1, an outer ring, which is formed by the outer webs and a plurality of connecting webs between the hub and outer ring, wherein the connecting webs are formed by the separating webs 10 , The hub is fixed by means of (conical) clamping sets on the inserted, not shown shaft.

A comparative examination of FIGS. 2 and 3 shows that in this embodiment the rotor body according to the invention has an identical cross-section over the entire rotor length. This has the advantage that the rotor body can be produced in a particularly simple manner by way of casting. The (radial) dividers 10 are formed in cross-section Y-shaped. They are composed of a base web 10a and the two Y-webs 10b together.

The outer surface of the outer webs 12 forms a mounting surface for clamping plates 13, the u. a. the attachment of the knife 3 serve. For this purpose, 12 holes 14 are introduced into the outer webs, with which the clamping plate 13 is attached. This gives in a comparative consideration of Figures 1 and 2.

Also in the region of the partitions 10 and their Y-webs 10b mounting surfaces are formed, which z. B. mounting apertures 15 and 16 have further holes. In this way, the attachment of the aforementioned centrifugal wedge inserts 9 succeeds. This flywheel inserts 9 are acted upon with spring pots 17, which are inserted into the mounting apertures 15.

The rotor body 5 is made in one piece of cast iron or cast steel, z. B. of ductile cast iron with nodular graphite.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, eight rotor chambers are formed in the cast body. In the modified embodiment of FIG. 4, only four rotor chambers are formed in the cast body.

A comparative examination of Figures 1 and 2 makes it clear that on the basis of the rotor body 5, the rotor drum 1 is then formed by appropriate attachment of the blade 3, clamping plates 13 and inserts 9. Of particular importance is the fact that the clamping plates 13 are exchangeable as wearing parts. To change the blade 3 after appropriate wear, the centrifugal wedge inserts 9 are pushed back or pulled against the force of the spring cups 17, either hydraulically

withdrawn or from the outside by pressing, z. B. by hydraulic pressure. After appropriate retraction or pressing the blades 3 can be removed and replaced with new blades. The knives are consequently clamped between the clamping plates 13 and the centrifugal wedges 9.

The rotor chambers 6 are closed at the end by the cover 18 after assembly. This is indicated in Fig. 1.

The rotor body 5 is produced by casting in a casting mold, wherein the casting mold is arranged during casting in a vertical orientation with a vertically oriented rotor axis.

FIGS. 2 and 3 on the one hand and FIG. 4 on the other hand show a first embodiment of the invention, in which the integrally manufactured rotor body has an identical cross section over its length.

Fig. 5 shows in simplified form a preferred second embodiment of the invention. In any case, here the eccentric rotor chambers 6 have an identical cross-section over the rotor length L. However, the shaft extension 7 has a non-identical and consequently varying cross-section over the rotor length. It can be seen that the wave extension 7 has a round diameter throughout, but varies over the rotor length. Thus, a larger diameter is provided in the rotor body center (relative to the rotor length L) than in the end regions. As a result, a weight and material savings can be achieved. However, since the cross section is round and thus simple in spite of the variation, a simple production by casting with a suitable casting core in the area of the shaft recess nevertheless succeeds. Incidentally, it can be seen that the wave extension 7 at the front ends in each case has a diameter widening. This can

z. B. the inclusion of suitable clamping sets for the attachment of the shaft.

Claims

claims: 1 . Rotor body (5) for a comminution device, in particular a drum chipper for comminuting wood or the like, wherein a plurality of knives (3) can be fastened to the rotor body (5) over the circumference to form a substantially cylindrical rotor drum (1), characterized in that the rotor body (5) is manufactured as a one-piece cast body made of spheroidal graphite cast iron in which a plurality of eccentrically arranged rotor chambers (6) running parallel to the rotor axis (2) are formed, which extend continuously over the entire rotor length (L) and at the ends are open. 2. rotor body according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the rotor chambers (6) over the entire rotor length (L) is identical. 3. rotor body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor chambers (6) have a deviating from the circular shape asymmetric cross-section. 4. rotor body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the rotor body, a central shaft recess (7) is formed, which extends continuously over the entire rotor length and in which a rotor shaft can be used. 5. rotor body according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the rotor body around the circumference distributed outside receiving pockets (8) are formed, which form chip pockets (4) or in which inserts (9) to form chip pockets (4 ) can be used. 6. Rotor body according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rotor chambers (6) are separated from each other by axially parallel separating webs (10), which are at least partially oriented substantially radially. 7. rotor body according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the central shaft recess (7) of the adjacent rotor chambers (6) by an annular web (1 1) are separated. 8. Rotor body according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotor chambers (6) on the outer peripheral side of outer webs (12) are limited, which preferably with their outer surfaces attachment surfaces for z. B. clamping plates or knife holding plates (13) form. 9. rotor body according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that at least some of the separating webs (10) have a Y-shaped cross section and form the receiving pockets open on the outside. 10. Rotor body according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the separating webs (10) with mounting apertures (15) for z. B. the inserts (9) are provided. 1 1. Rotor body according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the rotor body is made of (ductile) ductile iron (spheroidal cast iron) according to EN 1563, eg cast iron of the material type EN-GJS-400, eg EN-GJS-400 -18U-LT. 12. rotor body according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the rotor body at least four, preferably at least six, more preferably eight or more molded rotor chambers (6). 13. A method for producing a rotor body according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the rotor body is manufactured in one piece by way of casting in a mold, wherein the mold is arranged during casting in a standing orientation with vertically oriented rotor axis. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the rotor body in a lost form, for. B. a sand mold is poured. 15. A rotor drum for a crushing device, comprising a rotor body (5) according to one of claims 1 to 12, and with a plurality of blades fixed to the rotor body (5). 16. Rotor drum according to claim 15, characterized in that in the receiving pockets (8) inserts, z. B. centrifugal wedge inserts, to form the chip pockets (4) are used. 17. Rotor drum according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the centrifugal wedge inserts are acted upon by spring elements, which in openings of the cast body, for. B. breakthroughs in the dividers intervene. 18. Rotor drum according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that on the rotor body (5), z. B. to mounting surfaces, removable clamping plates (13) are attached. 19. Rotor drum according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the rotor chambers (6) are closed at the end face or end with separately produced lids (18).