WO2013160339A2 - Refractory inner layer for industrial furnaces - Google Patents

Description

 Fireproof inner layer for industrial furnace

The invention relates to a wall element of a refractory inner layer for an industrial furnace wall provided with a middle layer and / or optionally an insulation layer, having a back surface A3 having a surface normal N and facing the middle layer, having a thickness d and a face A3 opposite to each other arranged inside 13. Industrial furnaces with an internal insulation layer are referred to as adiabatic combustion chambers due to the isolation.

The invention also relates to a wall part of a middle layer which can be applied between a refractory inner layer and an industrial furnace wall and / or optionally an insulation layer and has an inner surface 14 which can be turned over the inner layer and has a surface normal N.

The invention further relates to a protective lining for an industrial furnace wall having an inner refractory layer and a middle layer disposed between the inner layer and the industrial furnace wall, the inner layer being formed of a plurality of juxtaposed wall elements which are mechanically coupled to the industrial furnace wall via a plurality of anchors Wall element one of the middle layer facing, a surface normal N having back A3 and the middle layer has an inner layer 14 facing the inner side. Optionally, an insulating layer may be provided between the industrial furnace wall and the middle layer.

The industrial furnace wall is made of steel and stored in a housing made of steel supports. The invention relates on a wall element of an inner refractory layer for an industrial furnace wall provided with a middle layer and an insulation layer. In operation, therefore, the thermal expansion of the inner layer is substantially larger than that of the industrial furnace wall. Due to the middle layer and in particular the insulation layer, the industrial furnace wall thus remains relatively cool, so that the increased thermal expansion of the inner layer is not also provided by the industrial furnace wall. Consequently, expansion joints are necessary between the wall elements, over which this increased thermal expansion within the inner layer can be compensated. These expansion joints are provided at different distances and relatively large.

From DE 695 10 922 T2 a method for hot repair of an indirectly heated coke oven wall is known, which provides for the application of a protective layer on a masonry, wherein the masonry has recesses with undercut, in which the applied mass is maintained. The length of the zone to be repaired is only a few meters.

From DE 103 05 272 AI facade elements are known, which are attached using a dovetail joint.

A lining for adiabatic combustion chambers of industrial furnaces is already known from EP 2 189 743 A1. The lining has, in addition to two insulating layers on a protective layer of refractory blocks, which are anchored via steel anchors to a furnace wall made of metal. For this purpose, a circumferential groove is formed in the narrow sides of each block, wherein at least one steel anchor engages with its tip in the groove for the purpose of anchoring the same. By a back-casting of the blocks with refractory mass are anchored this form-fitting manner. For this purpose, the refractory mass flows through a gap between the protective layer and the insulating layer into a rear gap between both narrow sides and thus into said groove. On the industrial furnace wall circulating brackets are provided at different heights over which the weight of the inner, middle or insulation layer of the various subfields is partially intercepted.

From DE 20307026 Ul a wall lining of industrial furnaces is also known. It consists of rectangular blocks, which also have a groove on both narrow sides, engage in the equipped with a clip anchor. Said grooves are also filled with a refractory and insulating insulation.

Due to the insulating layers between the furnace wall and the protective layer, these two elements have very different temperatures during operation, resulting in correspondingly different thermal expansions. These different thermal expansions are counteracted by dividing the protective layer into a plurality of subfields, which are each composed of a plurality of blocks. The subfields are spaced apart by expansion joints which are filled with flexible sealant such as preferably ceramic fibers. Within a subfield no expansion joints are provided, since the existing gaps between the blocks of a subfield are sealed with mortar or cement, which hardens after heating.

In addition, wall linings for fuel boilers are known, which serve to protect the attached to the boiler wall heat exchanger tubes. Because such a wall lining immediately the boiler wall is arranged, are similar temperatures for both elements in operation, thus a similar thermal expansion before. Expansion joints are therefore not necessary with such a wall lining.

The object of the invention is to design and arrange a refractory inner layer or a wall element for an adiabatic combustion chamber such that a subdivision into subfields and thus the arrangement of expansion joints between the subfields is avoided.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that at least one pin extending in the direction R of the surface normal N or at least one recess extending in the direction R of the surface normal N is provided, the / in a perpendicular to the surface normal N acting form fit F can be brought with a recess or a pin of a middle layer.

The object is also achieved in that the inner side 14 has at least one recess extending in the direction R of the surface normal N or at least one pin extending in the direction R of the surface normal N, the / in a perpendicular to the surface normal N acting form fit F with a Recess or a pin of an inner layer can be brought.

In addition, the object is achieved in that the wall element on the back A3 has at least one pin or recess and the middle layer has at least one corresponding recess or a corresponding pin, wherein the pin is inserted in the direction R of the surface normal N in the recess and between the pin and the recess a perpendicular to the surface normal N acting positive fit F is formed. So the Pin in direction R of the surface normal N can be inserted into the recess, the pin is smaller in diameter than the opening cross-section of the recess. Thus, a lateral offset during insertion is avoided. Alternatively, the pin could also be hook-shaped, so that a lateral movement would be necessary for insertion. However, this would go along with the fact that, at least in the case of wall elements at the edge where no lateral offset is possible due to the installation space conditions, the pin could not be inserted into the recess.

By the formation and application of a pin or a recess which can form a positive connection between the wall element and the middle layer at least in a vertical direction, can be dispensed with the application of consoles, which absorb the weight of a plurality of wall elements. The storage or suspension of the respective wall element is ensured by the pin-groove pairing of each individual wall element, so that also between the wall elements to be provided gap or partial gap S2 between all wall elements can be made about the same size. In addition, the respective joint can be reduced to a minimum of a few millimeters. In addition, it is possible to close the gap between the wall elements on the inside 13 with mortar or putty, so that after curing a total solid surface of the inside 13 is ensured and no isolated expansion large expansion joints are necessary. The thermal expansion of the inner layer is thus compensated evenly within the inner layer.

While the above-mentioned positive connection on the pin or the recess for receiving or discharging the weight of the respective wall element is used to ensure the force acting in the horizontal direction of the respective wall element against the middle layer, a prior art steel anchor or steel bolt provided. Thus, a separation of functions regarding the weight on the one hand and the force acting in the horizontal direction on the other hand, guaranteed. The steel anchor can be provided in the vertical direction or in the direction of thermal expansion with much more clearance to the wall element, since the weight of the individual wall element is received via the pin-groove pairing.

The aforementioned direction R of the surface normal N points to a flat, parallel to the vertical inner side of the middle layer extending inside of the wall element. The direction R thus runs horizontally. If this shape of the inside of the wall element is not given, such as, for example, in the case of a profiled inside, so it is to turn off a horizontally extending direction R.

The positive engagement is formed from a pin-hole pairing consisting of either a wall-element-type pin and a middle layer-soaped recess and / or an equivalent reversal of a recess contained in the back of the wall element and a pin protruding on the inside of the middle layer. The pin and the recess are, as already stated, in the direction R of the surface normal N or in the horizontal direction or at least in a proportionate direction thereof plugged into each other, so with respect to the realizing wall structure in the vertical direction said positive connection F between the wall element on the one hand and the Middle layer is guaranteed on the other hand. The inside of the wall element in this case limits the combustion chamber directly. The pin points a width or a diameter corresponding to between 20% and 90% or 60% of the width of the wall element.

It may also be advantageous for this purpose if a plurality of side surfaces S3a-S3d of length 1 delimiting the inner side 13 are provided, wherein a groove of depth t is provided on at least two adjoining side surfaces S3b, S3c, the groove starting from the inner side 13 has a partial height dl that is at least 5%, 10%, 20% or 30% of the height d large.

With respect to the protective lining, it may be advantageous if the respective wall element has a thickness of the height d and a side surface S3c, S3d with the length 1 and two side surfaces S3e, S3d are arranged opposite each other and between two side surfaces S3e, S3d Gap S is formed, wherein the gap S has a width which varies over the height d, starting from an inner side 13 of the wall element, a first partial gap Sl with a width bl and a partial height dl and an adjoining second partial gap S2 with a Width b2 and are provided with a partial height d2, wherein the partial height dl is at least 10% or 40% to 50% of the height d and / or the partial height d2 is at least 10% or 50% to 60% of the height d and / or the Width b2, at least in the area of the rear side A3, is a maximum of 5 mm to 10 mm. The first sub-slit Sl is filled with mortar or putty, so that no fiber material to be filled expansion joint is provided on the entire inside of the wall lining. It is guaranteed an overall solid surface of the inside 13.

For this purpose, it may be advantageous if the width bl varies over at least 10% to 80% of the partial height dl, wherein the width bl increases inwardly, starting from an inner side 13, so that the sub-gap Sl with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N forms an undercut H3. The distinction ensures a long-lasting fit of the hardened mortar or putty.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the depth t varies over at least 10% to 80% of the partial height dl, wherein the depth t increases towards the rear, starting from a value tl to a value of at least 2 mm to 10 mm, so that an undercut H3 is formed, wherein tl is at least 1 mm to 5 mm.

The undercut H3 within the groove or the partial gap ultimately ensures a wedge effect, so that a filling material introduced therein is stuck therein after curing. This even if a reduction of existing within the groove holding force or connecting force to the wall element occurs.

The adjoining the inside 13 groove or the first sub-slit Sl can be filled with the most abrasion-resistant filling, so that it forms a sealing joint, the protection of the underlying lying, eg. With less abrasion-resistant mass filled second sub-gap S2 in the filled state, as Expansion joint serves, guaranteed.

The second sub-gap S2 or the expansion joint can be made relatively small or narrow, since it is uniformly large or small over all wall elements, so that the respective expansion joint only has to compensate for the expansion compensation of a wall element. The expansion joint is filled with less solid, and thus less abrasion-resistant material, so that said expansion compensation is guaranteed. For assembly, it is first of all the most important that the expansion joint is closed or filled at least towards the rear, so that the potting compound to be introduced between inner and outer layer does not enter the expansion joint. The potting compound is too strong especially after reaching the operating temperature to ensure the necessary expansion compensation. Then this is ensured and the potting compound is cured in the free space, the expansion joint is closed or sealed at least from the back. From the inside this is covered by the filled sealing joint or the filler.

The expansion joint may be sealed for the purpose of mounting to protect against the potting compound or the filler with any materials that ensure sufficient expansion compensation at operating temperature. The material can also be chosen so that it burns as, for example, cardboard or as already said in the joint remains such as, ceramic fiber.

It may also be advantageous if the pin serves as a spacer and in a recess or in the inner region of a recess of a middle layer or an inner layer in the direction R of the surface normal N against the middle layer or the inner layer can be applied or if in addition to the on the inside of the wall part or on the back of the wall element arranged pin at least one spacer element is provided in the form of a survey that can be applied against the inner layer or the middle layer. Basically, the pin itself can serve as a spacer, which ensures a distance or a free space between the wall element and the middle layer or between the wall part and the inner layer. Alternatively, in addition to the pin, different distance be provided elements that ensure said distance. The distance between the inner layer and the intermediate layer is necessary to ensure the casting with potting compound, such as. Concrete. In particular, it is necessary that the potting compound enters said recess, so that the pin mounted therein is fixed in particular in the direction R of the surface normal or in the vertical direction by the potting compound.

In principle, it may be advantageous if a passage opening is provided, in which an anchor is attachable, wherein a width of the passage opening varies over the height d, and starting from an inner side 13 of the wall element, a first part recess with a width wl and a partial height d3 and an adjoining second partial recess with a width w2 are provided, wherein the width wl is at least partially larger than the width w2. This ensures the use of threaded bolts, which are anchored via a mother to be provided in the first part recess with the wall element. For this purpose, it is further advantageous if the width wl varies over at least 80% of the partial height d3, wherein the width wl increases inwardly (starting from an inner side 13), so that the partial recess with respect to a direction R of the surface normal N an undercut Hl having. The undercut Hl within the groove ultimately also ensures a wedge effect of a filled there filling for filling.

It may advantageously be provided that a passage opening is provided, in which an anchor is attachable, wherein a usable in the through hole ceramic sealing plug is provided and the sealing plug with respect to the direction R of the surface norma len N positively connected to the wall element can be coupled. The attachment of a form-fitting engaging, originally designed as a solid closure element, which is preferably formed of the same material as the wall element itself, ensures a tight and durable closure for the round passage opening in which the metal anchor or the retaining nut is located. Thus, the amount of maintenance work is reduced with respect to the generally provided in this opening filling material. For the purpose of forming the positive connection, for example, a thread to be provided on the sealing plug is possible, which cooperates with a corresponding internal thread within the wall element. As an alternative to a thread, a connection in the manner of a bayonet closure would be possible, which is formed from one or more radially extending in the direction of the central axis of the closure pieces, which engage in a corresponding groove within the passage opening. Thus, an axial movement or falling out of the sealing plug is prevented.

It can also be advantageous if the pin and / or the recess has an undercut H2 with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N. The formation of an undercut of the pin or the recess ensures sufficient gap for filling or behind casting with potting compound. The potting compound ensures not only the form fit F extending in the vertical direction but, above all, a form fit between the peg and the recess which acts in the direction R of the surface normal N. Even in the case of loosening an anchor or the advanced wear of the same, the wall element in the direction R of the surface normal N remains positively connected to the middle layer via the pin-hole pairing. They are with respect to the direction R of Surface normal N also other forms of positive engagement, such as several Hinterscheidungen the pin and / or in the recess in the form of a wave profile applicable, so that the form fit between the pin and / or the recess in the direction R of the surface normal N is achieved by the potting compound.

In addition, it may be advantageous if one, two, three or four pins or three or four spacer elements are provided. The number of pins or the spacer elements can be selected accordingly. At least three contact elements, ie pins or spacers are advantageous to ensure sufficient, therefore specific storage. The use of four pins or recesses ensures a simplified assembly, although the storage itself is overdetermined.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the pin or the spacer element with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N

a) has a convex basic shape G3, G4 or

b) has a basic shape G3, G4 with surface portions F3, F4, wherein the surface portions F3, F4 are employed with respect to a horizontal H. By forming a convex basic shape or the employment of the respective surface portions F3, F4 relative to the horizontal H prevents cavities form below the respective element or pin when filling the potting compound, since the escaping during potting air can slide up and not remains trapped.

In principle, it is also possible to use pegs or the spacing element which have a concave basic shape with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N or which have a basic shape possess with area proportions, which are not employed compared to a horizontal H. Smaller voids below the respective element or pin are not detrimental.

It may be advantageous if provided by a potted or spacer spacer is filled with potting or at least fillable space between the middle layer and the inner layer is provided. As potting compound, for example, concrete comes into consideration. The potting compound fills the space, and therefore also the gaps between the pins and the recesses, so that a secure mounting of the respective wall element is ensured at the middle layer or a wall part thereof. In addition, an extended protection of the middle class is guaranteed.

Finally, the object is also achieved by a protective lining for an industrial furnace wall with a refractory inner layer and a middle layer arranged between the inner layer and the industrial furnace wall or a protective lining according to one of claims 11 to 14, in which the inner layer is formed from a plurality of adjacently arranged wall elements according to one of claims 1 to 5 or 8 to 10 and / or in which the middle layer is formed from at least one wall part according to one of claims 6 to 10. The first partial gap Sl is preferably filled with curable material such as mortar or putty, so that on the whole Inside 13 of the wall lining no expansion joint to be filled with expansion equalization material such as fiber material is necessary. The entire inner side 13 has a solid surface. Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and illustrated in the figures. Show it:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a protective lining;

Figure 2a is a sectional view A-A of Figure 2b;

Figure 2b shows a view of the wall element from behind on the

 Back;

Figure 3a is a view of various wall elements;

Figure 3b is a sectional view B-B of Figure 3a;

Figure 4a is a sectional view C-C of a middle layer of Figure 4b;

Figure 4b is a view of the middle layer from the front;

Figure 5a schematic diagram of a structure of an inner layer;

FIG. 5b is a sectional view D-D from FIG. 5a.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, an industrial furnace wall 2 is lined with a protective lining 1 and an insulating layer 6 arranged between the protective lining 1 and the industrial furnace wall 2. The protective lining 1 in turn is formed by an inner layer 3 delimiting a combustion space 12 and an insulating layer 6 between the insulating layer 6 On the industrial furnace wall 2 metal armature 5, 5 ^{λ are arranged} in the form of bolts through which the inner layer 3 is held at least in one direction perpendicular to the industrial furnace wall 2 and R in a surface normal N of the inner layer. With regard to the architecture of the inner layer 3 and the middle layer 4, two embodiments are shown in FIG. 1, separated by the approximately centrally dashed line.

The inner layer 3 is formed of different wall elements 3a, 3b, which are arranged one above the other, wherein each wall element 3a, 3b is fastened via an armature 5, 5. According to the embodiment of FIG. 1 above, the wall element 3a has a central pin 3.1, which engages in a corresponding recess 4.1 of the middle layer 4. In addition, the wall element 3a has a plurality of spacer elements 3.7, 3.8, which bear against a rear side A4 of the middle layer 4.

According to embodiment Fig. 1 below, the middle layer 4 has a pin 4.1, which engages in a corresponding recess 3.1 of the wall element 3b. Correspondingly, the middle layer 4 has a plurality of spacer elements 4.7, 4.8, which abut against a rear side A3 of the inner layer 3.

A pin-hole pairing 34 or hole-pin pairing 43 thus formed ensures a positive fit F acting in the vertical direction, ie a mounting or suspension of the respective wall element 3a, 3b, in particular in the vertical direction or in a direction perpendicular to the Surface normal N, so that between the wall elements 3a, 3b, a relatively small gap S is formed. The gap S has over a partial height d2 a partial gap S2, whose width b2 is formed substantially smaller than conventional expansion joints. In this embodiment, the partial gap S2 has a width of about 5 mm. Further details on the construction of the wall element 3a and the middle layer 4 are shown and explained in the following figures.

According to FIGS. 2a, 2b, the wall element 3a is shown. With a sectional view A-A according to Fig. 2a, the wall element 3a on its rear side A3 to the centrally arranged pin 3.1, through which a passage opening 8 extends with a varying width w. The passage opening 8 serves to receive the armature 5. For this purpose, the through-opening 8 has a first partial recess 8.1 with a width w1 which widens inwardly over the partial height d3 and an adjoining partial recess 8.2 with a somewhat smaller width w2. Due to the differences regarding the width w1 and the width w2, in particular in the transition region between the partial recess 8.1, 8.2, a shoulder 8.3 is formed, against which the armature 5 bears for the purpose of fastening. The partial recess 8.2 is designed to be substantially cylindrical in order to receive the armature 5, while the partial recess 8.1 forms an undercut H1 due to the widening width w1 inward. The partial recess 8.1 is at least partially closed according to FIG. 1 with filling compound 10, which remains after curing due to the undercut Hl in the partial recess 8.1 and can not fall out to the inside 13 out.

According to FIG. 2b, the respective wall element 3a is rectangular or square and has four side surfaces S3a-S3d, each having a length l. In the region of the respective side surface S3a-S3d, a groove 7.1, 7.2 is provided according to FIG. 2a. While the wall element 3a has a thickness of the height d, the respective groove 7.1, 7.2 extends over a partial height dl. The groove 7.1, 7.2 in this case has a varying depth t, which increases from a value tl of about 5 mm to a value of about 10 mm. Thus, an undercut H3 is formed due to which a filling compound 10 disposed therein ^Λ can not fall out towards the inside 13 of FIG. 1.

By means of the filling compound 10 ^Λ such as mortar or putty of the thus formed partial slit Sl shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3b is closed, so that the inner side 13 without expansion joints, thus expansion expansion joint is formed. Over the entire inner side 13 of the protective lining 1, a solid surface is formed after curing of the mortar or putty.

On the rear side A3 of the wall element 3a, as shown in FIG. 2a, in addition to the centrally arranged pin 3.1, four spacer elements 3.5-3.8 are provided which are evenly distributed around the pin 3.1. While the pin 3.1 has a round or frusto-conical shape, the four spacers 3.5-3.8 have an approximately guadal-shaped basic shape and are set at an angle of 45 ° with respect to a horizontal H. Flat surface portions F3 of the respective spacer 3.5-3.8 are thus also made relative to the horizontal H. The same applies to the truncated cone-shaped pin 3.1, which has a convex basic shape G3. Thus, at most point-shaped surface portions are present, which are aligned horizontally.

According to FIGS. 3 a, 3 b, various embodiments for the wall element 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, on the one hand, and the wall part 4 a or the middle layer 4, on the other hand, are shown. The wall part 4a and the middle layer 4 are not shown in Fig. 3a. While the wall element 3 a corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS. 2, 2 b, the wall element 3 b has four spigot-shaped spacing elements 3.1-3.4, which can be applied against the middle layer 4 or the recesses 4.2, 4.3 and at the same time serve as a spacer element. In the middle, only the passage opening 8 is provided for the armature 5

The wall element 3c in turn has a central recess 3.1, via which the wall element 3c can be arranged on a journal 4.1 of the middle layer 4. According to FIG. 3b, the middle layer 4 has a corresponding architecture. For the purpose of suspending a wall element 3a, the middle layer 4 has a recess 4.1 for the pin 3.1. The recess 4.1 also has a corresponding undercut H2. For the purpose of receiving or suspending a wall element 3b, the middle layer 4 has recesses 4.2, 4.3, which serve to receive the said pins 3.1-3.4. For the suspension of the wall element 3c, this has a central recess 3.1, which is placed on a pin 4.1 of the middle layer 4. In addition, the middle layer 4 has a plurality of spacer elements 4.7, 4.8, against which the wall element 3c in the direction R of the surface normal N can be applied. The spacer elements 4.7, 4.8 may be formed according to the architecture of the spacers 3.5-3.8 of the wall element 3a accordingly.

Between the two wall elements 3a, 3b and 3a, 3c, a gap S is formed with the undercut H3 due to the described grooves 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5. About the partial height dl of the gap S thus formed, this has, as shown between the wall elements 3a, 3c, a partial gap Sl with a varying width bl. The brewery te bl becomes larger starting from the inner side 13 inwards, so that the undercut H3 is formed. Between the wall elements 3a, 3b itself, moreover, a second sub-gap S2 is formed with a width b2. This partial gap S2 corresponds to the absolute distance between two wall elements 3a, 3b. In this case, a dimension v2 between the side surface S3f and the partial recess 8.2 is at least the width b2 smaller than a dimension vi between the armature 5 and a side surface S3a of the adjacent wall element 3a, so that even when the wall element 3b rests radially on the armature 5, a minimum dimension the width b2 of the sub-gap S2 is ensured.

The wall element 3c has, in the region or in front of the passage ^{opening 8Λλ,} a sealing plug 9 which is formed from the same material as the wall element 3c. The sealing plug 9 is fastened in the wall element 3c via a positive connection acting in the direction of a central axis 9.3. Shown here are two variants of such a form fit. According to the upper half of the drawing, with respect to the central axis 9.3, the positive connection is formed by an external thread 9.1 of the sealing plug 9 and a corresponding internal thread 3.9a of the wall element 3c. According to the lower part of the sealing plug 9 has a in the radial direction to the central axis 9.3 extending bayonet closure piece 9.2, which engages in a corresponding bayonet-locking groove 3.9b of the wall element 3c. Unscrewing the sealing plug 9 is ensured by the existing friction forces on the one hand and the complementary introduction of adhesive on the other hand. Through the respective grooves 7.1-7.6, the gaps S between the wall elements 3a-3c are formed. Referring to Figures 4a, 4b, the middle layer 4 is shown in more detail. Starting from the sectional view Fig. 4a, corresponding to the right half of Fig. 3b, the view of the inside 14 is shown in Fig. 4b. In the upper embodiment variant, the middle layer 4 or the wall part 4a has the four recesses 4.1-4.4. According to the middle embodiment variant, the middle layer 4 or the wall part 4a has the recess 4.1 with a corresponding undercut H2, while in the embodiment of the lower image part the middle layer 4 or the wall part 4a analogously to the architecture of the wall element 3a according to FIGS. 2a, 2b a centrally arranged pin 4.1 and four distributed over the circumference arranged spacers 4.5-4.8 has. The pin 4.1 is also frusto-conical with a convex basic shape G4. The flat surface parts F4 of the spacer elements 4.5, 4.8 are also made with respect to the horizontal H.

Basically, as shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 5a, 5b, it is also possible to provide only two adjacent side surfaces S3b, S3c or S3f, S3g and S3k, S31 with the groove 7.1, 7.2, while the other two adjacent Side surfaces S3a, S3d, S3e, S3h or S3i, S3m are formed groove-free, so that according to sectional view Fig. 5b, the gap S forms a one-sided undercut H3, which also prevents falling out of filling material 10.

After the construction of such a protective lining 1, according to FIG. 1, between the inner layer 3 and the middle layer 4 or into a free space 11.1 existing between the two layers, potting compound 11 is filled, which also surrounds the corresponding recess 3.1, 4.1 around the respective peg 3.1, 4.1 so that the zap Fen-hole pairing 34 and hole-pin pairing 43 both in the direction R of the surface normal N and in a direction perpendicular thereto, thus forming a positive connection both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. Thus, the respective wall element 3a is secured in the event of failure of an armature 5 before detachment from the middle layer 4. In particular, this suspension is ensured in this way, and thus the absorption of the weight force via the positive engagement F. acting in the vertical direction.

Reference sign list

protective lining

 Industrial furnace wall

 Fireproof inner layer, inner layer wall element

b wall element

c wall element

, 1 pin, recess

, 1 ^x pin, recess

, 2 pins, recess

, 3 pins, recess

, 4 pin, recess

, 5 pitch element

, 6 pitch element

, 7 spacer element

, 8 spacer element

, 9a internal thread

, 9b Baj onett lock groove

4 pin-hole pairing

 middle class

a wall part

, 1 pin, recess

, 2 pins, recess

, 3 pins, recess

, 4 pin, recess

, 5 spacer element

, 6 spacer element

, 7 spacer element

, 8 spacer element

3-hole spigot pairing

 Anchor, metal anchor

 λ anchor, metal anchor

insulating 7.1 groove

 7.2 groove

 7.3 groove

 7.4 groove

 7.5 groove

 7.6 groove

 8 passage opening

8 ^λ passage opening

8 ^{Λ Through} hole

 8.1 partial recess

 8.2 partial recess

 8.3 shoulder

 9 plugs

 9.1 external thread

 9.2 Ba onett closure piece

9.3 central axis

 10 filling mass

10 ^Λ filling material

 11 potting compound

 11.1 free space

 12 combustion chamber

 A3 back side

 A4 backside

width

b2 width

d height

dl partial height

d2 partial height

d3 partial height

 F form fit

 F3 area fraction

 F4 area fraction

G3 convex basic shape G4 convex basic shape

1 length

 H horizontal

 Hl undercut

H2 undercut

H3 undercut

13 inside

 14 inside

 N surface normals

R direction from N

S cleft

 Sl partial gap

 S2 partial gap

 S3a side surface

 S3b side surface

 S3c side surface

 S3d side surface

 S3e side surface

 S3f side surface

 S3g side surface

 S3h side surface

 S3i side surface

 S3k side surface

 S31 side surface

 S3m side surface t depth

tl depth

vi measure

v2 measure

w width, diameter wl width, diameter w2 width, diameter

Claims

claims A wall element (3a) of a refractory inner layer (3) for a middle layer (4) provided with industrial furnace wall (2), with a surface normal N having and the middle layer (4) zuwendbaren rear A3, with a thickness of height d and an inner side 13 arranged opposite to the rear side A3,  characterized in that at least one in the direction R of the surface normal N extending pin (3.1) or at least one in the direction R of the surface normal N extending recess (3.1) is provided on the rear side, the / in a perpendicular to the surface normal N acting positive locking F with a recess (4.1) or a pin (4.1) of a middle layer (4) can be brought. 2. wall element (3a) according to claim 1,  characterized , a plurality of lateral surfaces S3a-S3d bounding the inner side 13 are provided, wherein a groove (7.1, 7.2) of depth t is provided on at least two side surfaces S3b, S3c, the groove (7.1, 7.2) starting from the inner side 13 having a partial height dl which is at least 10% of the height d. 3. wall element (3a) according to claim 2,  characterized ,  the depth t varies over at least 80% of the partial height d1, the depth t increasing towards the rear A3, starting from a value t1 to a value of at least 2 mm to 10 mm, so that a  Undercut H3 is formed, where tl is at least 1 mm. 4. Wall element (3a) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  that the pin (3.1) serves as a spacer and in a recess (4.1) of a middle layer (4) in the direction R of the surface normal N against the middle layer (4) can be applied or  in that, in addition to the pin (3.1), at least one spacing element (3.5) in the form of an elevation on the rear face A3 is provided, which can be applied against the middle layer (4). 5. Wall element (3a) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized , a through-opening (8) is provided in which an armature (5) can be attached, wherein a ceramic sealing plug (9) which can be inserted in the passage opening (8) is provided, and the sealing plug (9) is form-fitting with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N. can be coupled with the wall element (3a). 6. Wall part (4a) of a middle layer (4) which can be attached between a refractory inner layer (3) and an industrial furnace wall (2) and has an inner surface (14) which can be turned over and has a surface normal N.  characterized ,  in that the inner side 14 has at least one recess (4.1) extending in the direction R of the surface normal N or at least one pin (4.1) extending in the direction R of the surface normal N, which engages in a form fit F acting at right angles to the surface normal N with a recess (3.1) or a pin (3.1) of an inner layer (3) can be brought. 7. wall part (4a) according to claim 6,  characterized ,  that the pin (4.1) serves as a spacer in the direction R of the surface normal N and in a recess (3.1) of an inner layer (3) against the inner layer (3) can be applied or  that in addition to the pin (4.1) at least one spacer element (4.5) is provided in the form of a survey on the inside 14, which against the inner layer (3) can be applied. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e n e, that the pin (3.1, 4.1) and / or the recess (3.1, 4.1) with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N has an undercut H2. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e n e,  that one, two, three or four pins (3.1 - 3.4, 4.1 - 4.4) are provided or that three or four spacer elements (3.5 - 3.8, 4.5 - 4.8) are provided. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h e c e n e c e n e,  that the pin (3.1, 4.1) or the spacer element (3.5, 4.5) with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N  a) has a convex basic shape G3, G4 or b) has a basic shape G3, G4 with surface portions F3, F4, wherein the surface portions F3, F4 are employed with respect to a horizontal H. Protective lining (1) for an industrial furnace wall (2) having an inner refractory layer (3) and a middle layer (4) arranged between the inner layer (3) and the industrial furnace wall (2), the inner layer (3) being formed of a plurality of juxtaposed wall elements (3a, 3b, 3c), which are mechanically coupled via several anchors (5) with the industrial furnace wall (2), wherein the wall element (3a, 3b, 3c) facing the middle layer (4), a surface normal N having rear side A3 and the middle layer (4) has an inner side 14 facing the inner layer (3), characterized the wall element (3a, 3b, 3c) has at least one pin (3.1) or a recess (3.1) on the rear side A3 and the middle layer (4) has at least one corresponding recess (4.1) or a corresponding pin (4.1), wherein the pin (3.1, 4.1) in the direction R of the surface normal N in the recess (4.1, 3.1) is inserted and between the pin (3.1, 4.1) and the recess (4.1, 3.1) acting at right angles to the surface normal N form-fitting F is formed. 12. protective lining (1) according to claim 11,  characterized ,  in that the respective wall element (3a, 3b, 3c) has a thickness of height d and a side surface S3c, S3d and two side surfaces S3e, S3d are arranged opposite each other, wherein a gap S is formed between both side surfaces S3e, S3d and  Gap S has a width which varies over the height d, starting from an inner side 13 of the wall element (3a, 3b) a first sub-slit Sl having a width bl and a partial height dl and an adjoining second partial slit S2 having a width b2 and are provided with a partial height d2, wherein the partial height dl is at least 10% of the height d and / or the partial height d2 is at least 10% of the height d and / or the width b2 is at least in the region of the rear side A3 a maximum of 10 mm. 13. protective lining (1) according to claim 12,  characterized ,  the width bl varies over at least 10% of the partial height d1, the width b1 increasing inwards so that the partial gap S1 forms an undercut H3 with respect to the direction of the surface normal N. 14. Protective lining (1) according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that by the pin (3.1, 4.1) or as a spacer (3.5, 4.5) formed spacers with a potting compound (11) filled or at least fillable space (11.1) between the middle layer (4) and the inner layer (3) is provided. Protective lining (1) for an industrial furnace wall (2) with an inner refractory layer (3) and a middle layer (4) or intermediate layer between the inner layer (3) and the industrial furnace wall (2) Protective lining (1) according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized , the inner layer (3) is formed from a plurality of mutually adjacent wall elements (3a, 3b) according to one of claims 1 to 5 or 8 to 10 and / or that the middle layer (4) is formed from at least one wall part (4a) according to one of claims 6 to 10.