EP2841862B1 - Refractory inner layer for industrial furnaces - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a protective lining for an industrial furnace wall of an adiabatic combustion chamber as defined in claim 1, comprising an inner refractory layer and a middle layer disposed between the inner layer and the industrial furnace wall, the inner layer being formed of a plurality of juxtaposed wall elements arranged over a plurality of wall elements Anchor are mechanically coupled to the industrial furnace wall, wherein the wall element facing the middle layer, a surface normal N having back A3 and the middle layer has an inner layer I4 facing the inner layer. Optionally, an insulating layer may be provided between the industrial furnace wall and the middle layer.

The invention further relates to a wall element of an inner refractory layer, as defined in claim 4, for an industrial furnace wall provided with a middle layer and / or optionally an insulating layer, having a back surface A3 having a surface normal N and facing the middle layer, having a thickness of Height d and with an opposite to the rear A3 arranged inside I3. Industrial furnaces with an internal insulation layer are also referred to as adiabatic combustion chambers due to the isolation.

The invention also relates to a wall part as defined in claim 8, an intermediate layer which can be applied between a refractory inner layer and an industrial furnace wall and / or optionally an insulating layer with an inner side 14 which can be turned into the inner layer and has a surface normal N.

The industrial furnace wall is made of steel and stored in a housing formed of steel columns. The invention relates to a wall element of an inner refractory layer for an industrial furnace wall provided with a middle layer and an insulation layer. In operation, therefore, the thermal expansion of the inner layer is substantially larger than that of the industrial furnace wall. Due to the middle layer and in particular the insulating layer, the industrial furnace wall thus remains relatively cool, so that the increased thermal expansion of the inner layer not also done by the industrial furnace wall. Consequently, expansion joints are necessary between the wall elements, over which this increased thermal expansion within the inner layer can be compensated. These expansion joints are provided at different distances and relatively large.

From the DE 103 05 272 A1 Façade elements are known which are attached using a dovetail joint.

From the DE 695 10 922 T2 is a method for hot repair of an indirectly heated coke oven wall is known, which provides the application of a holding layer on a protective masonry, wherein the protective masonry recesses with undercut, in which the applied mass of the holding layer is held. The length of the zone to be repaired is only a few meters. These two layers are poured directly without spacing. An intermediate wall is not provided.

DE 1 001 447 A describes a fire door also consisting of a two-layer structure, ie refractory bricks on the inside, which are cast over a casting material on a dovetail-shaped indentation. Accordingly, these two layers are likewise cast directly without spacing and are coupled to the running rail via a sliding plate likewise embedded in the potting compound.

Also US 3,657,399 A describes a protective lining having an inner refractory layer and a cast-material retention layer, with only the retaining layer anchored to the furnace wall.

DE 2 211 906 A describes the masonry structure of a fire wall consisting of several blocks, which according to the embodiment of Figure 14 at least in pairs have a dovetail-shaped expression. The blocks are inserted into each other to build the dovetail connection in the vertical direction and form two wall layers, which are applied directly against each other without a gap. The dovetail connection does not form a positive connection in the vertical direction.

According to FIG. 13, only one wall layer is provided, which is fastened by separate metal anchors to the furnace wall at a distance. A middle class is not provided.

The same applies to EP 1 124 094 A1 , A protective layer is provided, which is fastened by means of metal anchors at a distance from the tube wall, the existing gap being filled with casting compound.

A similar structure is from the US 1,806,113 A known. It is a protective layer provided, which are attached via wall anchors at a distance from the furnace wall.

A likewise wall-shaped two-layer construction is in the document FR 2 705 443 A described. Both wall layers are coupled via a dovetail connection and applied without spacing directly against each other.

The same applies to BE 527 969 A , However, it is an angled pin-groove connection.

From the DE 20307026 U1 is also known a wall lining of industrial furnaces. It consists of rectangular blocks, which also have a groove on both narrow sides, engage in the equipped with a clip anchor. Said grooves are also filled with a refractory and insulating insulation.

It is already a lining for adiabatic combustion chambers of industrial furnaces from the EP 2 189 743 A1 known. The lining has, in addition to two insulating layers on a protective layer of refractory blocks, which are anchored via steel anchors to a furnace wall made of metal. For this purpose, a circumferential groove is formed in the narrow sides of each block, wherein at least one steel anchor engages with its tip in the groove for the purpose of anchoring the same. By pouring back the blocks with refractory mass they are anchored all around form-fitting manner. For this purpose, the refractory mass flows into a gap between the protective layer and the insulating layer back gap between both narrow sides and thus in said groove. On the industrial furnace wall circulating brackets are provided at different heights over which the weight of the inner, middle or insulation layer of the various subfields is partially intercepted.

A similar lining for adiabatic combustion chambers is from the DE 39 09 340 A1 known. However, the anchors are guided through a hole in the respective block.

Due to the insulating layers between the furnace wall and the protective layer, these two elements have very different temperatures during operation, resulting in correspondingly different thermal expansions. These different thermal expansions are counteracted by dividing the protective layer into a plurality of subfields, which are each composed of a plurality of blocks. The subfields are spaced apart by expansion joints which are filled with flexible sealant such as preferably ceramic fibers. Within a subfield no expansion joints are provided, since the existing gaps between the blocks of a subfield are sealed with mortar or cement, which hardens after heating.

In addition, wall linings for fuel boilers are known, which serve to protect the attached to the boiler wall heat exchanger tubes. Since such a wall lining is arranged directly on the boiler wall, similar temperatures, ie a similar thermal expansion, are present for both elements during operation. Expansion joints are therefore not necessary with such a wall lining.

The object of the invention is to design and arrange a refractory inner layer or wall element and a wall part for an adiabatic combustion chamber such that a subdivision into subfields and thus the arrangement of expansion joints between the subfields is avoided.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that the wall element on the back A3 has at least one pin or a recess and the middle layer at least one corresponding recess or a corresponding pin has, wherein the pin is inserted in the direction R of the surface normal N in the recess and between the pin and the recess a perpendicular to the surface normal N acting positive locking F is formed, wherein formed by the pin or as a spacer spacers with a potting compound filled or at least fillable space between the middle layer and the inner layer is formed or provided.

As potting compound, for example, concrete comes into consideration. The potting compound fills the space, and therefore also the gaps between the pins and the recesses, so that a secure mounting of the respective wall element on the middle layer or a wall part thereof is ensured. In addition, an extended protection of the middle class is guaranteed.

So that the pin can be inserted into the recess in the direction R of the surface normal N, the pin is smaller in diameter than the opening cross section of the recess. Thus, a lateral offset during insertion is avoided. Alternatively, the pin could also be hook-shaped, so that a lateral movement would be necessary for insertion. However, this would go along with the fact that, at least in the case of wall elements at the edge where no lateral offset is possible due to the installation space conditions, the pin could not be inserted into the recess.

In addition, the object is achieved in that on the rear side A3 at least one in the direction R of the surface normal N extending pin is provided as part of the wall element or at least one in the direction R of the surface normal N extending recess in a perpendicular to the surface normal N acting positive locking F can be brought with a recess or a pin of a middle layer, wherein the pin serves as a spacer and in a recess of a middle layer in the direction R of the surface normal N against a middle layer can be applied or that in addition to the pin at least one spacer element in the form of a survey provided on the back A3, which can be applied against a middle layer. The object is also achieved by the fact that the inner side I4 has at least one recess extending in the direction R of the surface normal N or at least one peg extending in the direction R of the surface normal N, the / in a perpendicular to the surface normal N acting form fit F with a Recess or a pin of an inner layer can be brought, wherein the pin serves as a spacer in the direction R of the surface normal N and in a recess of an inner layer against an inner layer can be applied or that in addition to the pin at least one spacer element is provided in the form of a survey on the inside I4 , which can be applied against an inner layer.

Basically, the pin itself can serve as a spacer, which ensures a distance or a free space between the wall element and the middle layer or between the wall part and the inner layer. Alternatively, in addition to the pin different spacers can be provided, which ensure said distance. The distance between the inner layer and the intermediate layer is necessary to ensure the casting with potting compound, such as. Concrete. In particular, it is necessary that the potting compound enters said recess, so that the pin mounted therein is fixed in particular in the direction R of the surface normal or in the vertical direction by the potting compound.

By the formation and application of a pin or a recess which can form a positive connection between the wall element and the middle layer at least in a vertical direction, can be dispensed with the application of consoles, which absorb the weight of a plurality of wall elements. The storage or suspension of the respective wall element is ensured by the pin-groove pairing of each individual wall element, so that also between the wall elements to be provided gap or partial gap S2 between all wall elements can be made about the same size. In addition, the respective joint can be reduced to a minimum of a few millimeters. In addition, it is possible to close the gap between the wall elements on the inside I3 with mortar or putty, so that after curing a total solid surface of Inside I3 is guaranteed and no isolated expansion large expansion joints are necessary. The thermal expansion of the inner layer is thus compensated evenly within the inner layer.

While the above-mentioned positive connection over the pin or the recess for receiving or discharging the weight of the respective wall element is provided to ensure the horizontal force acting in the horizontal direction of the respective wall element against the middle layer, a prior art steel anchor or steel bolt. Thus, a separation of functions regarding the weight on the one hand and the force acting in the horizontal direction on the other hand, guaranteed. The steel anchor can be provided in the vertical direction or in the direction of thermal expansion with much more clearance to the wall element, since the weight of the individual wall element is received via the pin-groove pairing.

The aforementioned direction R of the surface normal N points to a flat, parallel to the vertical inner side of the middle layer extending inside of the wall element. The direction R thus runs horizontally. If this shape of the inside of the wall element is not given, such as, for example, in the case of a profiled inside, so it is to turn off a horizontally extending direction R.

The positive connection is formed by a pin-hole pairing, which consists of either a wall element-side pin and a middle layer-side recess and / or in an equivalent reversal of a recess contained in the back of the wall element and a protruding on the inside of the middle layer pin. The pin and the recess are, as already stated, in the direction R of the surface normal N or in the horizontal direction or at least in a proportionate direction thereof plugged into each other, so with respect to the realizing wall structure in the vertical direction said positive connection F between the wall element on the one hand and the Middle layer is guaranteed on the other hand. The inside of the wall element in this case limits the combustion chamber directly. The pin has a width or a diameter corresponding to between 20% and 90% or 60% of the width of the wall element.

It may also be advantageous for this purpose if a plurality of lateral surfaces S3a-S3d of length l delimiting the inside I3 are provided, wherein a groove of depth t is provided on at least two adjoining side surfaces S3b, S3c, the groove starting from the inside I3 has a partial height d1 which is at least 5%, 10%, 20% or 30% of the height d large.

With respect to the protective lining, it may be advantageous if the respective wall element has a thickness of the height d and a side surface S3c, S3d of length l and two side surfaces S3e, S3d are arranged opposite each other and between both side surfaces S3e, S3d Gap is formed, wherein the gap S has a width which varies over the height d, wherein starting from an inner side of the wall element I3 a first partial gap S1 having a width b1 and a partial height d1 and an adjoining second partial gap S2 with a Width b2 and are provided with a partial height d2, wherein the partial height d1 is at least 10% or 40% to 50% of the height d and / or the partial height d2 is at least 10% or 50% to 60% of the height d and / or the Width b2, at least in the area of the rear side A3, is a maximum of 5 mm to 10 mm. The first partial gap S1 is filled with mortar or putty, so that no fiber material to be filled expansion joint is provided on the entire inside of the wall lining. It is guaranteed an overall solid surface of the inside I3.

For this purpose, it may be advantageous if the width b1 varies over at least 10% to 80% of the partial height d1, wherein the width b1 increases inwardly, starting from an inner side I3, so that the partial gap S1 with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N forms an undercut H3. The distinction ensures a long-lasting fit of the hardened mortar or putty.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the depth t varies over at least 10% to 80% of the partial height d1, wherein the depth t increases towards the rear, starting from a value t1 to a value of at least 2 mm to 10 mm, so that an undercut H3 is formed, wherein t1 is at least 1 mm to 5 mm.

The undercut H3 within the groove or the partial gap ultimately ensures a wedge effect, so that a filling material introduced therein is stuck therein after curing. This even if a reduction of existing within the groove holding force or connecting force to the wall element occurs.

The adjoining the inside I3 groove or the first sub-gap S1 can be filled with the most abrasion-resistant filling, so that it forms a sealing joint, which in the filled state a protection of the underlying lying, for example, with less abrasion-resistant mass second sub-gap S2, as Expansion joint serves, guaranteed.

The second sub-gap S2 or the expansion joint can be made relatively small or narrow, since it is uniformly large or small over all wall elements, so that the respective expansion joint only has to compensate for the expansion compensation of a wall element. The expansion joint is filled with less solid, and thus less abrasion-resistant material, so that said expansion compensation is guaranteed. For assembly, it is first of all the most important that the expansion joint is closed or filled at least towards the rear, so that the potting compound to be introduced between inner and outer layer does not enter the expansion joint. The potting compound is too strong especially after reaching the operating temperature to ensure the necessary expansion compensation. Then this is ensured and the potting compound is cured in the free space, the expansion joint is closed or sealed at least from the back. From the inside this is covered by the filled sealing joint or the filler.

The expansion joint may be sealed for the purpose of mounting for protection against the potting compound or the filling compound with any materials that are at operating temperature ensure a sufficient expansion compensation. The material can also be chosen so that it burns as, for example, cardboard or as already said in the joint remains such as, ceramic fiber.

In principle, it may be advantageous if a passage opening is provided in which an anchor is attachable, wherein a width of the passage opening varies over the height d, and starting from an inner side I3 of the wall element, a first part recess with a width w1 and a partial height d3 and an adjoining second partial recess are provided with a width w2, wherein the width w1 is at least partially greater than the width w2. This ensures the use of threaded bolts, which are anchored via a mother to be provided in the first part recess with the wall element. For this purpose, it is further advantageous if the width w1 varies over at least 80% of the partial height d3, whereby the width w1 increases inwards (starting from an inner side 13), so that the partial recess with respect to a direction R of the surface normal N has an undercut H1 having. The undercut H1 within the groove ultimately also ensures a wedge effect of a filling compound filled there for closing.

It may advantageously be provided that a passage opening is provided, in which an anchor is attachable, wherein a usable in the through hole ceramic sealing plug is provided and the sealing plug with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N is positively coupled to the wall element. The attachment of a form-fitting engaging, originally designed as a solid closure element, which is preferably formed of the same material as the wall element itself, ensures a tight and durable closure for the round passage opening in which the metal anchor or the retaining nut is located. Thus, the amount of maintenance work is reduced with respect to the generally provided in this opening filling material. For the purpose of forming the positive connection, for example, a thread to be provided on the sealing plug is possible, which cooperates with a corresponding internal thread within the wall element. As an alternative to a thread, a connection in the manner of a bayonet closure would be possible, the is formed from one or more radially extending in the direction of the central axis of closure pieces, which engage in a corresponding groove within the passage opening. Thus, an axial movement or falling out of the sealing plug is prevented.

It can also be advantageous if the pin and / or the recess has an undercut H2 with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N. The formation of an undercut of the pin or the recess ensures sufficient gap for filling or behind casting with potting compound. The potting compound ensures not only the form fit F extending in the vertical direction but, above all, a form fit between the peg and the recess which acts in the direction R of the surface normal N. Even in the case of loosening an anchor or the advanced wear of the same, the wall element in the direction R of the surface normal N remains positively connected to the middle layer via the pin-hole pairing. With reference to the direction R of the surface normal N, other forms of positive connection, such as, for example, a plurality of undercuts on the journal and / or in the recess in the form of a wave profile, can be used, so that the positive connection between the journal and / or the recess in the direction of the casting compound R of the surface normal N is reached.

In addition, it may be advantageous if one, two, three or four pins or three or four spacer elements are provided. The number of pins or the spacer elements can be selected accordingly. At least three contact elements, ie pins or spacers are advantageous to ensure sufficient, therefore specific storage. The use of four pins or recesses ensures a simplified assembly, although the storage itself is overdetermined.

1. a) eine konvexe Grundform G3, G4 aufweist oder
2. b) eine Grundform G3, G4 mit Flächenanteilen F3, F4 besitzt, wobei die Flächenanteile F3, F4 gegenüber einer Horizontalen H angestellt sind. Durch die Ausbildung einer konvexen Grundform bzw. die Anstellung der jeweiligen Flächenanteile F3, F4 relativ zur Horizontalen H wird verhindert, dass sich beim Einfüllen der Vergussmasse Lunker unterhalb des jeweiligen Elements oder Zapfens bilden, da die beim Vergießen entweichende Luft nach oben abgleiten kann und nicht eingeschlossen bleibt.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the pin or the spacer element with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N

1. a) has a convex basic shape G3, G4 or
2. b) has a basic shape G3, G4 with area proportions F3, F4, wherein the surface portions F3, F4 are employed with respect to a horizontal H. By forming a convex basic shape or the employment of the respective surface portions F3, F4 relative to the horizontal H prevents cavities form below the respective element or pin when filling the potting compound, since the escaping during potting air can slide up and not remains trapped.

In principle, it is also possible to use pegs or the spacing element which have a concave basic shape with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N or which have a basic shape with surface portions which are not employed with respect to a horizontal H. Smaller voids below the respective element or pin are not detrimental.

The first sub-gap S1 of the protective lining is preferably filled with hardenable compound, such as mortar or putty, so that no expansion joint to be filled with expansion-compensating material, such as fibrous material, is required on the entire inner side 13 of the wall lining. The entire inner side I3 has a solid surface.

Figur 1

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Schutzauskleidung;

Figur 2a

eine Schnittdarstellung A-A nach Figur 2b;

Figur 2b

eine Ansicht des Wandelements von hinten auf die Rückseite;

Figur 3a

eine Ansicht verschiedener Wandelemente;

Figur 3b

eine Schnittansicht B-B aus Figur 3a;

Figur 4a

eine Schnittdarstellung C-C einer Mittelschicht nach Figur 4b;

Figur 4b

eine Ansicht der Mittelschicht von vorne;

Figur 5a

Prinzipskizze eines Aufbaus einer Innenschicht;

Figur 5b

Schnittdarstellung D-D aus Figur 5a.

Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and illustrated in the figures. Show it:

FIG. 1

a sectional view of a protective lining;

FIG. 2a

a sectional view AA after FIG. 2b ;

FIG. 2b

a view of the wall element from behind the back;

FIG. 3a

a view of different wall elements;

FIG. 3b

a sectional view BB FIG. 3a ;

FIG. 4a

a sectional view CC of a middle layer after FIG. 4b ;

FIG. 4b

a view of the middle class from the front;

FIG. 5a

Schematic diagram of a structure of an inner layer;

FIG. 5b

Sectional view DD off FIG. 5a ,

After embodiment Fig. 1 An industrial furnace wall 2 is lined with a protective lining 1 and an insulating layer 6 arranged between the protective lining 1 and the industrial furnace wall 2. The protective lining 1 in turn is formed by an inner layer 3 delimiting a combustion chamber 12 and a middle layer 4 arranged between the insulating layer 6 and the inner layer 3 Metal anchors 5, 5 'in the form of bolts are arranged on the industrial furnace wall 2, via which the inner layer 3 is held at least in one direction at right angles to the industrial furnace wall 2 or in the direction R of a surface normal N of the inner layer 3.

With regard to the architecture of the inner layer 3 and the middle layer 4 are in Fig. 1 illustrated two embodiments, separated by the approximately centrally dashed line.

The inner layer 3 is formed of different wall elements 3a, 3b, which are arranged one above the other, wherein each wall element 3a, 3b is fastened via an armature 5, 5 '. According to embodiment Fig. 1 At the top, the wall element 3a has a centric pin 3.1, which engages in a corresponding recess 4.1 of the middle layer 4. In addition, the wall element 3a has a plurality of spacer elements 3.7, 3.8, which bear against a rear side A4 of the middle layer 4.

According to embodiment Fig. 1 Below, the middle layer 4 has a pin 4.1, which engages in a corresponding recess 3.1 of the wall element 3b. Correspondingly, the middle layer 4 has a plurality of spacer elements 4.7, 4.8, which abut against a rear side A3 of the inner layer 3.

A thus formed pin-hole pairing 34 or hole-pin pairing 43 ensures acting in the vertical direction positive fit F, thus a storage or suspension of the respective wall element 3a, 3b, in particular in the vertical direction or in a direction perpendicular to Surface normal N, so that between the wall elements 3a, 3b, a relatively small gap S is formed. The gap S has a partial gap S2 over a partial height d2, whose width b2 is much smaller than conventional expansion joints. In this embodiment, the partial gap S2 has a width of about 5 mm.

Further details on the construction of the wall element 3a and the middle layer 4 are shown and explained in the following figures.

After the Fig. 2a, 2b the wall element 3a is shown. With sectional view AA after Fig. 2a For example, the wall element 3a on its rear side A3 has the centrally arranged pin 3.1 through which a passage opening 8 with a varying width w extends. The passage opening 8 serves to receive the armature 5. To this end, the through-opening 8 has a first partial recess 8.1 with a width w1 which widens inwardly beyond the partial height d3 and an adjoining partial recess 8.2 with a somewhat smaller width w2. Due to the differences regarding the width w1 and the width w2, in particular in the transition region between the partial recess 8.1, 8.2, a shoulder 8.3 is formed, against which the armature 5 bears for the purpose of fastening. The partial recess 8.2 is designed to be cylindrical in order to receive the armature 5, while the partial recess 8.1 forms an undercut H1 due to the w1 widening inwardly. The partial recess 8.1 is after Fig. 1 at least partially closed with filling material 10, which remains after curing due to the undercut H1 in the partial recess 8.1 and can not fall out to the inside I3 out.

According to Fig. 2b is the respective wall element 3a rectangular or square and has four side surfaces S3a-S3d, each having a length I. In the area of the respective side surface S3a-S3d is after Fig. 2a a groove 7.1, 7.2 provided. While the wall element 3a has a thickness of height d, the respective groove 7.1, 7.2 extends over a partial height d1. The groove 7.1, 7.2 in this case has a varying depth t, which increases from a value t1 of about 5 mm to a value of about 10 mm. Thus, an undercut H3 is formed, due to which a filling compound 10 'disposed therein in accordance with Fig. 1 can not fall out to the inside I3.

By means of the filling compound 10 'such as mortar or putty of the partial gap S1 thus formed in accordance with Fig. 1 respectively. Fig. 3b closed, so that the inside I3 without expansion joints, thus expansion expansion joint is formed. Over the entire inner side I3 of the protective lining 1, a solid surface is formed after the mortar or putty has hardened.

On the back A3 of the wall element 3a are according to Fig. 2a in addition to the centrally arranged pin 3.1 four spacers 3.5-3.8 provided, which are evenly distributed around the pin 3.1 placed around. While the pin 3.1 has a round or frusto-conical shape, the four spacers 3.5-3.8 have an approximately cuboidal basic shape and are compared to a horizontal H at an angle of 45 ° made. Flat surface portions F3 of the respective spacer 3.5-3.8 are thus also made relative to the horizontal H. The same applies to the truncated cone-shaped pin 3.1, which has a convex basic shape G3. Thus, at most point-shaped surface portions are present, which are aligned horizontally.

After the Fig. 3a, 3b different embodiments for the wall element 3a, 3b, 3c on the one hand and the wall part 4a and the middle layer 4 on the other hand shown. The wall part 4a and the middle layer 4 are in Fig. 3a not shown.

While the wall member 3a of the embodiment according to Fig. 2a corresponds, the wall element 3b [as in FIG Fig. 1 , upper half] four peg-shaped spacers 3.1-3.4, the front side against the middle layer 4 and the recesses 4.2, 4.3 can be applied and at the same time serve as a spacer. In the middle, only the passage opening 8 'is provided for the armature 5. The wall element 3c, in turn, has [as in FIG Fig. 1 , lower half] a central recess 3.1 ', via which the wall element 3c on a pin 4.1 of the middle layer 4 can be arranged. According to Fig. 3a - 3c For example, the middle layer 4 has a corresponding architecture as described below.

For the purpose of suspending a wall element 3a, the middle layer 4 has a recess 4.1 for the pin 3.1. The recess 4.1 also has a corresponding undercut H2. For the purpose of receiving or suspending a wall element 3b, the middle layer 4 has recesses 4.2, 4.3, which serve to receive the said pins 3.1-3.4. For the suspension of the wall element 3c, this has a central recess 3.1 ', which is placed on a pin 4.1 of the middle layer 4. In addition, the middle layer 4 has a plurality of spacer elements 4.7, 4.8, against which the wall element 3c in the direction R of the surface normal N can be applied. The spacer elements 4.7, 4.8 may be formed according to the architecture of the spacers 3.5-3.8 of the wall element 3a accordingly.

Between the two wall elements 3a, 3b and 3a, 3c, a gap S is formed with the undercut H3 due to the described grooves 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5. Over the partial height d1 of the gap S thus formed, this has, as shown between the wall elements 3a, 3c, a partial gap S1 with a varying width b1. The width b1 becomes larger inwardly from the inside I3 so that the undercut H3 is formed. Between the wall elements 3a, 3b itself, moreover, a second sub-gap S2 is formed with a width b2. This partial gap S2 corresponds to the absolute distance between two wall elements 3a, 3b. In this case, a dimension v2 between the side surface S3f and the partial recess 8.2 is at least the width b2 smaller than a dimension v1 between the armature 5 and a side surface S3a of the adjacent wall element 3a, so that even when the wall element 3b rests radially on the armature 5 a minimum dimension the width b2 of the sub-gap S2 is ensured.

The wall element 3c has in the area or in front of the passage opening 8 "a closing plug 9, which is formed from the same material as the wall element 3c The closing stopper 9 is fastened in the wall element 3c via a positive locking acting in the direction of a central axis 9.3 According to the upper half of the drawing, with respect to the central axis 9.3, the positive connection is formed by an external thread 9.1 of the sealing plug 9 and a corresponding internal thread 3.9a of the wall element 3c The bayonet closure piece 9.2 extends to the central axis 9.3 and engages in a corresponding bayonet-locking groove 3.9b of the wall element 3c The screwing plug 9 is unscrewed by the present frictional forces on the one hand and the additional introduction of adhesive mass on the other hand The respective grooves 7.1-7.6 form the gaps S between the wall elements 3a-3c.

After the Fig. 4a, 4b the middle layer 4 is shown in more detail. Starting from the sectional view Fig. 4a , according to the right half of the picture Fig. 3b is after Fig. 4b the view of the inside I4 shown. In the upper embodiment variant, the middle layer 4 or the wall part 4a has the four recesses 4.1-4.4. According to the middle embodiment variant, the middle layer 4 or the wall part 4a has the recess 4.1 with a corresponding undercut H2, while in the embodiment of the lower image part the middle layer 4 or the wall part 4a follows in analogy to the architecture of the wall element 3a Fig. 2a, 2b a centrally arranged pin 4.1 and four distributed over the circumference arranged spacers 4.5-4.8 has. The pin 4.1 is also frusto-conical with a convex basic shape G4. The flat surface parts F4 of the spacer elements 4.5, 4.8 are also made with respect to the horizontal H.

Basically, it is, as in the embodiment of the Fig. 5a, 5b shown, also possible to provide only two adjacent side surfaces S3b, S3c and S3f, S3g and S3k, S31 with the groove 7.1, 7.2, while the other two adjacent side surfaces S3a, S3d, S3e, S3h and S3i, S3m groove-free are formed, so according to sectional view Fig. 5b the gap S forms a one-sided undercut H3, which also prevents falling out of filling material 10.

After the construction of such a protective lining 1 is according to Fig. 1 between the inner layer 3 and the middle layer 4 or in a space existing between two layers 11.1 potting compound 11, which also fills the corresponding recess 3.1, 4.1 to the respective pin 3.1, 4.1 around, so that the pin-hole pairing thus formed 34 or hole-pin pairing 43 both in the direction R of the surface normal N and in a direction perpendicular thereto, thus forming a positive connection both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. Thus, the respective wall element 3a is secured in the event of failure of an armature 5 before detachment from the middle layer 4. In particular, this suspension is ensured in this way, and thus the absorption of the weight force via the positive engagement F. acting in the vertical direction.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

protective lining

2

Industrial furnace wall

3

Fireproof inner layer, inner layer

3a

wall element

3b

wall element

3c

wall element

3.1

Spigot, recess

3.1 '

Spigot, recess

3.2

Spigot, recess

3.3

Spigot, recess

3.4

Spigot, recess

3.5

spacer

3.6

spacer

3.7

spacer

3.8

spacer

3.9a

inner thread

3.9b

Bayonet lock groove

34

Pin-hole pairing

4

middle class

4a

wall part

4.1

Spigot, recess

4.2

Spigot, recess

4.3

Spigot, recess

4.4

Spigot, recess

4.5

spacer

4.6

spacer

4.7

spacer

4.8

spacer

4.9

hole

43

Hole-and-pin mating

5

Anchor, metal anchor

5 '

Anchor, metal anchor

6

insulating

7.1

groove

7.2

groove

7.3

groove

7.4

groove

7.5

groove

7.6

groove

8th

Through opening

8th'

Through opening

8th"

Through opening

8.1

part recess

8.2

part recess

8.3

shoulder

9

sealing plug

9.1

external thread

9.2

Bayonet fitting piece

9.3

central axis

10

filling compound

10 '

filling compound

11

potting compound

11.1

free space

12

combustion chamber

A3

back

A4

back

b1

width

b2

width

d

height

d1

partial height

d2

partial height

d3

partial height

F

form-fit

F3

area proportion

F4

area proportion

G3

convex basic shape

G4

convex basic shape

l

length

H

horizontal

H1

undercut

H2

undercut

H3

undercut

I3

inside

I4

inside

N

surface normal

R

Direction from N

S

gap

S1

part gap

S2

part gap

S3a

side surface

s3b

side surface

s3c

side surface

s3d

side surface

S3e

side surface

s3f

side surface

S3G

side surface

s3h

side surface

S3i

side surface

s3

side surface

S3l

side surface

s3m

side surface

t

depth

t1

depth

v1

measure

v2

measure

w

Width, diameter

w1

Width, diameter

w2

Width, diameter

Claims (11)

1. A protective lining (1) for an industrial furnace wall (2) of an adiabatic combustion chamber having a refractory inner layer (3) and a middle layer (4) arranged between the inner layer (3) and the industrial furnace wall (2), wherein the inner layer (3) is formed from multiple wall elements (3a, 3b, 3c) which are arranged next to one another and which are mechanically coupled by means of multiple anchors (5) to the industrial furnace wall (2), wherein the wall element (3a, 3b, 3c) has a rear side A3 facing the middle layer (4) and has a surface normal N, and the middle layer (4) has an inner side I4 facing the inner layer (3),
   characterized in that
   the wall element (3a, 3b, 3c) has at least one tenon (3.1) or recess (3.1) on the rear side A3 and the middle layer (4) has at least one corresponding recess (4.1) or one corresponding tenon (4.1), wherein the tenon (3.1, 4,1) is inserted in said recess (4.1, 3.1) in direction R of the surface normal N and an interlocking engagement F, acting at right angles to the surface normal N, is formed between the tenon (3.1, 4.1) and the recess (4.1, 3.1), and a free space (11.1) which is or which can at least be filled with grouting compound (11) is formed between the middle layer (4) and the inner layer (3) by the spacer which is configured as a tenon (3.1, 4.1) or a spacer element (3.5, 4.5).
2. The protective lining (1) according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the respective wall element (3a, 3b, 3c) has a thickness of the height d and a side face S3c, S3d and two side faces S3e, S3d are each arranged opposite one another, wherein a gap S is formed between both side faces S3e, S3d and the gap S has a width which varies over the height d, wherein starting from an inner side I3 of the wall element (3a, 3b) a first partial gap S1 having a width b1 and having a partial height d1 as well as, joined thereto, a second partial gap S2 having a width b2 and having a partial height d2 are provided, wherein the partial height d1 is at least 10% of the height d and/or the partial height d2 is at least 10% of the height d and/or the width b2 is a maximum of 10 mm at least in the region of the rear side A3.
3. The protective lining (1) according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that
   the width b1 varies over at least 10% of the partial height d1, wherein the width b1 increases inwardly, such that the partial gap S1 forms an undercut H3 with respect to the direction of the surface normal N.
4. A wall element (3a) for a refractory inner layer (3) of a protective lining (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, having a refractory inner layer (3) for an industrial furnace wall (2) provided with a middle layer (4), with a rear side A3 which has a surface normal N and which can be made to face the middle layer (4), having a thickness of the height d as well as having an inner side I3 which is arranged opposite the rear side A3, characterized in that there is provided on the rear side A3 at least one tenon (3.1) extending in the direction R of the surface normal N as part of the wall element (3a) or at least one recess (3.1) extending in the direction R of the surface normal N, which tenon/recess can be brought into an interlocking engagement F, acting at right angles to the surface normal N, with a recess (4.1) or a tenon (4.1) of a middle layer (4), wherein the tenon (3.1) serves as a spacer and can come to rest in a recess (4.1) of a middle layer (4) in the direction R of the surface normal N against a middle layer (4) or,
   in addition to the tenon (3.1), at least one spacer element (3.5) is provided in the form of an elevation on the rear side A3, which spacer element can come to rest against a middle layer (4).
5. The wall element (3a) according to Claim 4,
   characterized in that
   multiple side faces S3a - S3d delimiting the inner side I3 are provided, wherein on at least two side faces S3b, S3c, a groove (7.1, 7.2) of depth t is provided, wherein the groove (7.1, 7.2), starting from the inner side 13, has a partial height d1 which is at least 10% of the height d.
6. The wall element (3a) according to Claim 5,
   characterized in that
   the depth t varies over at least 80% of the partial height d1, wherein the depth t increases towards the rear side A3, starting from a value t1 to a value of at least 2 mm to 10 mm, such that an undercut H3 is formed, wherein t1 is at least 1 mm.
7. The wall element (3a) according to any one of Claims 4 to 6,
   characterized in that
   a through-opening (8) is provided in which an anchor (5) can be mounted, wherein a ceramic seal plug (9) which can be inserted in the through-opening (8) is provided, and the seal plug (9) can be positively coupled to the wall element (3a) with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N.
8. A wall part (4a) for a middle layer (4) of a protective lining (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, having an inner side I4 which has a surface normal N and which can be made to face the inner layer (3), characterized in that the inner side 14 has at least one recess (4.1) extending in the direction R of the surface normal N or at least one tenon (4.1) extending in the direction R of the surface normal N as part of the wall part (4a), which tenon/recess can be brought into an interlocking engagement F, acting at right angles to the surface normal N, with a recess (3.1) or a tenon (3.1) of an inner layer (3), wherein the tenon (4.1) serves as a spacer in the direction R of the surface normal N and can come to rest in a recess (3.1) of an inner layer (3) against an inner layer (3) or,
   in addition to the tenon (4.1), at least one spacer element (4.5) is provided in the form of an elevation on the inner side 14, which spacer element can come to rest against an inner layer (3).
9. The device according to any one of Claims 4 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the tenon (3.1, 4.1) and/or the recess (3.1, 4.1) has an undercut H2 with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N.
10. The device according to any one of Claims 4 to 9,
    characterized in that
    one, two, three or four tenons (3.1 - 3.4, 4.1 -4.4) are provided, or that three or four spacer elements (3.5 - 3.8, 4.5 - 4.8) are provided.
11. The device according to any one of Claims 4 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the tenon (3.1, 4.1) or the spacer element (3.5, 4.5) has, with respect to the direction R of the surface normal N,

    a) a convex basic form G3, G4 or

    b) a basic form G3, G4 with surface portions F3, F4, wherein the surface portions F3, F4 are positioned with respect to a horizontal H.

Images