WO2013147208A1 - ポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する方法、および、ポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する装置 - Google Patents
ポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する方法、および、ポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013147208A1 WO2013147208A1 PCT/JP2013/059645 JP2013059645W WO2013147208A1 WO 2013147208 A1 WO2013147208 A1 WO 2013147208A1 JP 2013059645 W JP2013059645 W JP 2013059645W WO 2013147208 A1 WO2013147208 A1 WO 2013147208A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/48707—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material by electrical means
- G01N33/48721—Investigating individual macromolecules, e.g. by translocation through nanopores
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B30/00—ICT specially adapted for sequence analysis involving nucleotides or amino acids
Definitions
- a conventional sequencer of polynucleotides (specifically DNA) is based on a light measurement technique of identifying a fluorescent label, and does not directly identify the nucleotide itself forming the polynucleotide. Therefore, if the nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide is to be analyzed by a conventional sequencer, it is necessary to perform PCR using the polynucleotide as a template and add a fluorescent label to the polynucleotide extended by the PCR. This operation not only requires a large number of reagents, but also requires a lot of time. Therefore, analysis of the nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide by a conventional sequencer requires a great deal of money and time.
- the technique for analyzing the nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide based on the tunnel current described above is suitable for determining the nucleotide sequence of a nucleotide or a short polynucleotide, but the nucleotide sequence of a long polynucleotide can be determined using this technique. There has been no established method for determining and therefore it was necessary to establish that method as soon as possible.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to determine the base sequence of a long polynucleotide using a technique for analyzing the base sequence of a polynucleotide based on a tunnel current. Establishing a method and apparatus.
- the method for determining the base sequence of the polynucleotide of the present invention is a method for determining the base sequence of a polynucleotide in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, and the first step of allowing the polynucleotide to pass between electrode pairs. And a second step of detecting a plurality of pulses of a tunnel current generated when the polynucleotide passes between the electrode pair, and measuring a maximum current value and a pulse duration for each of the plurality of pulses. Between the maximum current values of the plurality of pulses and the reference current value corresponding to the electronic state due to the energy level difference between the individual nucleotides and the metal forming the electrode pair.
- a fourth step of extracting the base sequence a fifth step of searching for a base sequence common to at least two secondary base sequence information of the plurality of secondary base sequence information, and the common base sequence
- an apparatus for determining the base sequence of a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises an electrode pair having a distance between electrodes through which a polynucleotide can pass, and the polynucleotide passes between the electrode pair. And detecting a plurality of pulses of the tunnel current occurring in each of the plurality of pulses, measuring a maximum current value and a pulse duration for each of the plurality of pulses, and a magnitude order between the maximum current values of the plurality of pulses. And the order of magnitude between the reference current values corresponding to the electronic states due to the energy level difference between the individual nucleotides and the metal forming the electrode pair.
- a primary base sequence information creation unit that creates primary base sequence information in which each of the above is associated with a specific type of nucleotide, and the pulse from the plurality of pulses
- a secondary base sequence information extraction unit that extracts a pulse group including pulses having a continuous duration and extracts a plurality of secondary base sequence information corresponding to the pulse group from the primary base sequence information
- a common sequence search unit that searches for a common base sequence between at least two pieces of secondary base sequence information of the plurality of secondary base sequence information, and the common base sequence through the common base sequence.
- a sequence information linking unit that links the secondary base sequence information having the same base sequence.
- the present invention is capable of reading base sequence information directly from a polynucleotide such as DNA, as well as directly reading base sequence information from a polynucleotide such as RNA. Play.
- a polynucleotide for example, DNA
- a PCR reaction using the polynucleotide can be omitted.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined in a short time.
- the present invention does not require a polynucleotide cleavage treatment as in the conventional shotgun sequencing method, it has the effect that the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined easily and in a short time.
- the present invention has an effect that even if it is a modified polynucleotide or a damaged polynucleotide, its base sequence can be determined.
- the present invention has an effect that gene expression information and epigenetic information related to aging or disease can be obtained directly from a polynucleotide.
- the present invention produces an effect that even if it is a very small amount of polynucleotide (for example, one molecule of DNA or RNA), its base sequence can be determined.
- polynucleotide for example, one molecule of DNA or RNA
- the present invention has an effect that the base sequence of a polynucleotide can be determined stably.
- the present invention provides a polynucleotide that is stable even under conditions where the biomolecule is denatured (for example, under high temperature conditions where DNA or RNA breaks hydrogen bonds formed between molecules).
- the effect is that the base sequence can be determined.
- the method for determining the base sequence of the polynucleotide of the present invention includes the following first to sixth steps. That means First step: a step of passing a polynucleotide between a pair of electrodes. Second step: a step of detecting a plurality of pulses of tunneling current generated when the polynucleotide passes between the electrode pair, and measuring a maximum current value and a pulse duration for each of the plurality of pulses.
- the first step is a step of passing the polynucleotide between the electrode pair.
- Deoxyadenosine monophosphate dAMP
- deoxyadenosine diphosphate dADP
- deoxyadenosine triphosphate dATP
- deoxyguanosine monophosphate dGMP
- deoxyguanosine diphosphate Acid dGDP
- deoxyguanosine triphosphate dGTP
- deoxycytidine monophosphate dCMP
- deoxycytidine diphosphate deoxycytidine triphosphate
- deoxyuridine monophosphate dUMP
- Examples include deoxyuridine diphosphate (dUMP), deoxyuridine diphosphate (dUTP), deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP), and deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP).
- the ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide subjected to chemical modification is not particularly limited, but the base from methylcytosine, methyladenine, oxoguanine, hydroxymethylcytosine, thymine dimer, methyladenine, formylcytosine, and ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide Desorbed and the like.
- the specific method of passing the polynucleotide between the electrode pair is not particularly limited.
- the polynucleotide is moved by thermal diffusion (in other words, Brownian motion) or AC voltage, and the movement of the electrode pair is caused by the movement. It is possible to pass between. In these, it is preferable to move a polynucleotide by thermal diffusion and to pass between electrode pairs by the movement.
- thermal diffusion in other words, Brownian motion
- AC voltage AC voltage
- the distance between the electrode pair is important. If the distance between the electrode pair is too longer than the molecular diameter of each nucleotide constituting the polynucleotide, it will be difficult for a tunnel current to flow between the electrode pair, or two or more polynucleotides may be Get into. On the other hand, if the distance between the electrode pair is too shorter than the molecular diameter of each nucleotide constituting the polynucleotide, the polynucleotide cannot enter between the electrode pair.
- the distance between the electrodes forming the electrode pair is preferably slightly shorter, equal to, or slightly longer than the molecular diameter of the nucleotide constituting the polynucleotide.
- the distance between the electrodes is 0.5 to 2 times the nucleotide molecular diameter, preferably 1 to 1.5 times, and preferably 1 to 1.2 times. More preferably, it is a length.
- the molecular diameter of nucleotides is known to those skilled in the art, the person skilled in the art in contact with the present specification can appropriately select the optimum distance between electrode pairs.
- the distance between the electrode pair is, for example, 0.5 nm to 2 nm, preferably 1 nm to 1.5 nm, based on the molecular diameter.
- it may be set to 1 nm to 1.2 nm.
- the rate of change in the distance between the electrodes is preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, still more preferably 0.01% or less, and 0.001% or less. More preferred.
- the electrode pair produced by the conventional technique seems to keep the distance between the electrodes constant, but the distance between the electrodes actually changes slightly. . Even if the distance is fine, if the distance between the electrodes changes, the value of the tunnel current changes. That is, the value of the tunnel current derived from the same substance is changed, and the determination accuracy of the polynucleotide base sequence is lowered.
- the accuracy of determining the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be further increased.
- an electrode pair can be produced by the following procedure.
- the second nucleotide may be a nucleotide adjacent to the first nucleotide or may be a nucleotide not adjacent to the first nucleotide. Whether or not the second nucleotide is adjacent to the first nucleotide can be determined based on the pulse duration, which will be described later.
- the third step compares the order of magnitude between the maximum current values of the plurality of pulses with the order of magnitude between the reference current values of individual nucleotides (referred to as reference nucleotides), thereby
- This may be a step of creating primary base sequence information in which each of the pulses is associated with a specific type of nucleotide.
- the reference current value When determining the reference current value, pass the reference nucleotide individually and multiple times between the electrode pairs, measure multiple tunnel currents for each reference nucleotide, and determine the maximum current value of the multiple tunnel current values. The maximum current value that appears most frequently may be used as the reference current value.
- the tunnel current generated between the electrode pair can be measured using a known ammeter. Further, the tunnel current signal may be once amplified using, for example, a current amplifier. By using a current amplifier, a weak tunnel current value can be amplified, so that the tunnel current can be measured with high sensitivity. Examples of the current amplifier include a commercially available variable high-speed current amplifier (manufactured by Femto, catalog number: DHPCA-100).
- the pulse due to the reference nucleotide detected in this way has peaks of various heights. These peaks appear due to changes in the distance between the electrode and the reference nucleotide based on the movement of the reference nucleotide between the electrode pair. That is, if the distance between the reference nucleotide and the electrode is shortened, a tunnel current is likely to be generated, so that the current value of the tunnel current increases. On the other hand, when the distance between the reference nucleotide and the electrode is increased, the tunnel current is less likely to be generated, so that the current value of the tunnel current is reduced.
- the inventors set the mode values of reference nucleotides dGMP, dAMP, dCMP, dTMP, rGMP, rAMP, rCMP and rUMP to 87 pS, 67 pS, 60 pS, 39 pS, respectively. 123 pS, 92 pS, 64 pS and 50 pS were demonstrated.
- the mode values of the base nucleotides from the reference nucleotides methylcytosine, oxoguanine, and ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide were 105 pS, 98 pS, and 0 pS, respectively.
- the maximum current value of each pulse measured in the second step is compared with the above-described reference current value. If the maximum current value is included in the range of 67 ⁇ 17 pS, the pulse is derived from dAMP. If the maximum current value is not included in the range of 67 ⁇ 17 pS, it can be determined that the pulse is not a pulse derived from dAMP.
- the maximum current value of each pulse measured in the second step is compared with the reference current value described above. If the maximum current value is included in the range of 39 ⁇ 11 pS, the pulse is derived from dTMP. If the maximum current value is not included in the range of 39 ⁇ 11 pS, it can be determined that the pulse is not a pulse derived from dTMP.
- the base sequence of a polynucleotide for example, DNA or RNA
- N the number of pulses belonging to one pulse group
- the number of pulses belonging to one pulse group is preferably N / 3 or more, more preferably N / 2, and even more preferably N, More preferably, the number is N or more.
- the number of pulses belonging to one pulse group is preferably 50 or more, more preferably N / 2, still more preferably N, and N It is still more preferable that it is above.
- the number of pulses belonging to one pulse group is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, further preferably 5 or more, and 6 or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 7 or more. The larger the number of pulses belonging to one pulse group, the better.
- pulse duration corresponding to one nucleotide can be determined by, for example, obtaining the pulse duration of the reference nucleotide at the same time when measuring the maximum frequency of the maximum current value of the reference nucleotide.
- the longer the total time that the pulse duration continues the better.
- the pulse duration is continuous for at least 2 ms, at least 5 ms, at least 10 ms or more. If it is the said structure, not only noise can be removed but the base sequence of polynucleotide can be determined longer.
- the electrode pair when extracting a secondary base sequence based on a stochastic method, it is more preferable to use an electrode pair in which the distance between the electrodes is kept constant. That is, it is preferable that the electrode pair does not change the distance between the electrodes when the tunnel current is measured.
- the accuracy of the secondary base sequence information extracted by the stochastic method can be improved. That is, a more accurate secondary base sequence can be extracted.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be more accurately determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- the secondary base sequence can be extracted with a stable accuracy of about 80% or more, and the polynucleotide base sequence can be accurately determined based on the highly accurate secondary base sequence. Can be determined.
- the fifth step is a step of searching for a base sequence that is common between at least two pieces of secondary base sequence information of the plurality of secondary base sequence information. That is, the fifth step is a step of searching for a place where the secondary base sequence information is connected from the secondary base sequence information, which is information obtained by fragmenting the full-length base sequence information of the polynucleotide.
- the common base sequences searched in the fifth step are common among as many secondary base sequence information as possible.
- it is preferably common to at least two secondary base sequence information, more preferably common to at least five secondary base sequence information, and at least 10 secondary base sequence information. More preferably, it is common among the secondary base sequence information, more preferably common among at least 15 secondary base sequence information, and between at least 20 secondary base sequence information. It is more preferable that they are common.
- the base sequence of polynucleotide can be determined more accurately.
- the sixth step is a step of connecting the secondary base sequence information having the common base sequence through the common base sequence described above. By this step, the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide (full length or partial length) can be determined.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined longer.
- a plurality of pieces of sequence information of the common base sequences searched in the fifth step may be extracted as tertiary base sequence information, and the tertiary base sequence information may be connected.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined with higher accuracy. That is, since the portion of “GATTC” is a portion where the base sequence is specified a plurality of times, it can be said that the reliability of the sequence is very high.
- the apparatus for determining the base sequence of the polynucleotide of the present embodiment is an apparatus for carrying out the method for determining the base sequence of the polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the voltage application unit 10 is configured to apply a voltage to the electrode pair 20.
- the polynucleotide moves between the electrode pair 20 to which a voltage is applied by the voltage application unit 10, and at this time, a tunnel current is generated between the electrode pair 20.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide is determined based on the tunnel current.
- the measurement unit 30 detects a plurality of tunnel current pulses generated when the polynucleotide passes between the electrode pairs 20 and measures a maximum current value and a pulse duration for each of the plurality of pulses. It is the composition.
- the specific configuration of the measurement unit 30 is not particularly limited, and a known current measurement device may be used as appropriate.
- At least information related to the maximum current value is sent to the primary base sequence information creation unit 40.
- information on the reference current value of the reference nucleotide accumulated in the data storage unit 80 is also sent to the primary base sequence information creation unit 40.
- the plurality of pulses detected by the measurement unit 30 are compared by comparing the order of magnitude between the maximum current values of the plurality of pulses with the order of magnitude between the reference current values.
- Primary base sequence information in which each is associated with a specific type of nucleotide is created.
- the information related to the maximum current value measured by the measurement unit 30 and the information related to the reference current value accumulated in the data storage unit 80 are compared to be detected by the measurement unit 30.
- primary base sequence information in which each of the plurality of pulses is associated with a specific type of nucleotide may be created.
- Specific configurations of the primary base sequence information creation unit 40 and the data storage unit 80 are not particularly limited, and a conventionally known arithmetic device such as a computer and a memory can be used.
- the secondary base sequence information extraction unit 50 includes information on at least the pulse duration sent from the measurement unit 30, primary base sequence information sent from the primary base sequence information creation unit 40, and reference nucleotides sent from the data storage unit 80. Receive information about pulse duration. Based on this information, the secondary base sequence information extraction unit 50 extracts a pulse group composed of pulses having continuous pulse durations from a plurality of pulses, and also includes the information in the primary base sequence information. Then, a plurality of secondary base sequence information corresponding to the pulse group is extracted.
- the secondary base sequence information extraction unit 50 may extract a plurality of secondary base sequence information corresponding to a pulse group consisting of pulses having a continuous pulse duration for a time of 1 ms or longer. Good.
- the specific configuration of the secondary base sequence information extraction unit 50 is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known arithmetic device such as a computer can be used.
- the common sequence search unit 60 receives a plurality of secondary base sequence information from the secondary base sequence information extraction unit 50, and is common between at least two secondary base sequence information of the plurality of secondary base sequence information. Search the base sequence.
- the common base sequence searched by the common sequence search unit 60 may be a common base sequence information among at least 10 pieces of secondary base sequence information.
- the specific configuration of the common sequence search unit 60 is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known arithmetic device such as a computer can be used.
- the sequence information linking unit 70 receives the information on the common base sequence from the common sequence search unit 60 and has the common base sequence via the common base sequence. Connect base sequence information together.
- the sequence information linking unit 70 may extract a plurality of sequence information of common base sequences searched by the common sequence search unit 60 as tertiary base sequence information, and connect the tertiary base sequence information to each other. Good.
- the data connected by the array information connecting unit 70 is a detection result.
- the specific configuration of the array information linking unit 70 is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known arithmetic device such as a computer can be used.
- the voltage application unit 10 applies a voltage to the electrode pair 20. As a result, a tunnel current flows through the polynucleotide existing between the electrode pair 20.
- the measurement unit 30 detects a plurality of pulses of the tunnel current, and measures the maximum current value and the pulse duration for each of the plurality of pulses.
- the primary base sequence information creation unit 40 creates primary base sequence information based on the maximum current value and the like.
- the secondary base sequence information extraction unit 50 extracts a plurality of secondary base sequence information. At this time, if a plurality of secondary base sequence information cannot be extracted, the process returns to S102. If a plurality of secondary base sequence information can be extracted at this time, the process proceeds to S106.
- the common sequence search unit 60 searches for a base sequence common to a plurality of pieces of secondary base sequence information. At this time, when a base sequence common to a plurality of pieces of secondary base sequence information cannot be searched, the process returns to S102. If a base sequence common to a plurality of secondary base sequence information can be searched at this time, the process proceeds to S107.
- the base sequence information is linked by the sequence information linking unit 70.
- a calculation unit such as a CPU executes a program stored in a storage unit such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM. It can be realized by controlling input means such as a keyboard, output means such as a display, or communication means such as an interface circuit.
- the computer having these means reads the recording medium in which the program is recorded and executes the program, so that the configuration of the apparatus 100, the configuration provided in the apparatus 100, and the steps described above can be performed. Can be realized.
- the various functions and various processes described above can be realized on an arbitrary computer.
- the recording medium may be a program medium such as a memory (not shown) such as a ROM for processing by a microcomputer, or a program reading device provided as an external storage device (not shown). It may be a program medium that can be read by inserting a recording medium therein.
- a program medium such as a memory (not shown) such as a ROM for processing by a microcomputer, or a program reading device provided as an external storage device (not shown). It may be a program medium that can be read by inserting a recording medium therein.
- the stored program is preferably configured to be accessed and executed by a microprocessor. Furthermore, it is preferable that the program is read out, and the read program is downloaded to a program storage area of the microcomputer and the program is executed.
- the download program is preferably stored in the main unit in advance.
- the program medium is a recording medium configured to be separable from the main body, and is a tape medium such as a magnetic tape or a cassette tape, a magnetic disk such as a flexible disk or a hard disk, or a disk such as a CD / MO / MD / DVD.
- Semiconductor devices such as disk systems, IC cards (including memory cards), etc., or mask ROM, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), flash ROM, etc.
- the recording medium is preferably a recording medium that fluidly carries the program so as to download the program from the communication network.
- the download program is stored in the main device in advance or installed from another recording medium.
- the present invention can also be configured as follows.
- a method for determining the base sequence of a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises a first step of passing the polynucleotide between electrode pairs, and the polynucleotide passing between the electrode pairs.
- a fourth step of extracting a pulse group consisting of continuing pulses and extracting a plurality of secondary base sequence information corresponding to the pulse group from the primary base sequence information; and the plurality of secondary bases A fifth step of searching for a common base sequence between at least two secondary base sequence information of the sequence information, and having the common base sequence via the common base sequence And a sixth step of connecting the secondary base sequence information.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- each of the plurality of pulses is further compared by comparing the maximum current value with a reference current value corresponding to each nucleotide. It is preferable to create primary base sequence information in which is associated with a specific type of nucleotide.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- the reference current value is the highest of the maximum current values of a plurality of pulses of tunnel current generated when nucleotides are individually passed between the electrode pairs. A frequent value is preferred.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined with higher accuracy.
- the electrode pair is a gold electrode
- the order of the reference current values is as follows: dTMP ⁇ dCMP ⁇ dAMP ⁇ Methyl when the nucleotide is DNA.
- dAMP ⁇ dGMP ⁇ Oxo-dGMP ⁇ Methyl dCMP and the nucleotide is RNA rUMP ⁇ rCMP ⁇ rAMP ⁇ rGMP may be satisfied.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- a plurality of sequence information of the common base sequences searched in the fifth step are extracted as tertiary base sequence information, and the tertiary base is extracted. It is preferable to connect the sequence information together.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined with higher accuracy.
- the common base sequence searched in the fifth step is common among at least 10 pieces of secondary base sequence information. Preferably there is.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined with higher accuracy.
- a plurality of secondary base sequences corresponding to a pulse group consisting of pulses having a continuous pulse duration for a time of 1 ms or longer is preferable to extract information.
- noise can be removed and long secondary base sequence information can be obtained, so that the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined more efficiently.
- the distance between the electrodes of the electrode pair is kept constant.
- the secondary base is determined by a stochastic method. It is preferable to extract sequence information.
- the accuracy of the secondary base sequence is likely to be uneven. In some cases, the accuracy of the secondary base sequence may be low (for example, approximately 10% or less).
- the accuracy of the secondary base sequence information extracted by the stochastic method can be improved. That is, a more accurate secondary base sequence can be extracted.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be more accurately determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- the secondary base sequence can be extracted with a stable accuracy of about 80% or more, and the polynucleotide base sequence can be accurately determined based on the highly accurate secondary base sequence. Can be determined.
- an apparatus for determining the base sequence of a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises an electrode pair having a distance between electrodes through which a polynucleotide can pass, and the polynucleotide passes between the electrode pair. And detecting a plurality of pulses of the tunnel current occurring in each of the plurality of pulses, measuring a maximum current value and a pulse duration for each of the plurality of pulses, and a magnitude order between the maximum current values of the plurality of pulses. And the order of magnitude between the reference current values corresponding to the electronic states due to the energy level difference between the individual nucleotides and the metal forming the electrode pair.
- a primary base sequence information creation unit that creates primary base sequence information in which each of the above is associated with a specific type of nucleotide, and the pulse from the plurality of pulses
- a secondary base sequence information extraction unit that extracts a pulse group including pulses having a continuous duration and extracts a plurality of secondary base sequence information corresponding to the pulse group from the primary base sequence information
- a common sequence search unit that searches for a common base sequence between at least two pieces of secondary base sequence information of the plurality of secondary base sequence information, and the common base sequence through the common base sequence.
- a sequence information linking unit that links the secondary base sequence information having the same base sequence.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- the primary base sequence information creating unit further compares the maximum current value with a reference current value corresponding to each nucleotide, thereby It is preferable to create primary base sequence information in which each pulse is associated with a specific type of nucleotide.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- the reference current value is the maximum of the maximum current values of a plurality of pulses of the tunnel current generated when nucleotides are individually passed between the electrode pairs. A frequent value is preferred.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined with higher accuracy.
- the electrode pair is a gold electrode
- the order of the reference current value is dTMP ⁇ dCMP ⁇ dAMP ⁇ Methyl when the nucleotide is DNA.
- dAMP ⁇ dGMP ⁇ Oxo-dGMP ⁇ Methyl dCMP and the nucleotide is RNA rUMP ⁇ rCMP ⁇ rAMP ⁇ rGMP may be satisfied.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- the sequence information linking unit extracts a plurality of sequence information of common base sequences searched by the common sequence search unit as tertiary base sequence information, It is preferable to link the tertiary base sequence information.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined with higher accuracy.
- the common base sequence searched by the common sequence search unit is common among at least 10 pieces of secondary base sequence information. It is preferable that
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined with higher accuracy.
- the secondary base sequence information extraction unit includes a plurality of pulses corresponding to a group of pulses each having a pulse duration continuous for a time of 1 ms or longer. It is preferable to extract secondary base sequence information.
- noise can be removed and long secondary base sequence information can be obtained, so that the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined more efficiently.
- the electrode pair is such that the distance between the electrodes is kept constant, and the secondary base sequence information extraction unit is performed by a stochastic method. It is preferable to extract the secondary base sequence information.
- the accuracy of the secondary base sequence is likely to be uneven. In some cases, the accuracy of the secondary base sequence may be low (for example, approximately 10% or less).
- the accuracy of the secondary base sequence information extracted by the stochastic method can be improved. That is, a more accurate secondary base sequence can be extracted.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be more accurately determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- the secondary base sequence can be extracted with a stable accuracy of about 80% or more, and the polynucleotide base sequence can be accurately determined based on the highly accurate secondary base sequence. Can be determined.
- the present invention can be configured as follows. Of course, the following configurations can be combined with any configuration described in this specification.
- a method for determining the base sequence of a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises a first step of passing the polynucleotide between electrode pairs, and the polynucleotide passing between the electrode pairs.
- the fourth step of extracting base sequence information and the fifth step of searching for a base sequence common to at least two secondary base sequence information of the plurality of secondary base sequence information are common to the above.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- an apparatus for determining the base sequence of a polynucleotide of the present invention comprises an electrode pair having a distance between electrodes through which a polynucleotide can pass, and the polynucleotide passes between the electrode pair. And detecting a plurality of pulses of the tunnel current generated in each of the plurality of pulses, and measuring a maximum current value and a pulse duration for each of the plurality of pulses, the maximum current value, and a reference current corresponding to each nucleotide
- a primary base sequence information creation unit that creates primary base sequence information in which each of the plurality of pulses is associated with a specific type of nucleotide by comparing the values, and the pulse duration from the plurality of pulses.
- a common sequence for searching for a common base sequence between a secondary base sequence information extraction unit for extracting a number of secondary base sequence information and at least two secondary base sequence information of the plurality of secondary base sequence information A search unit; and a sequence information linking unit that links the secondary base sequence information having the common base sequence through the common base sequence. It is said.
- the base sequence of the polynucleotide can be determined based on the data relating to the tunnel current.
- Electrode pair The electrode pair shown in FIG. 1 was formed using a nano-machined mechanical fracture joining method (MCBJ) (Tsutsui, M., Shoji, K., Taniguchi, M., Kawai, T., Formation and self-breaking mechanism of stable atom-sized junctions. See Nano Lett. 8, 345-349 (2007)). Below, the manufacturing method of an electrode pair is demonstrated easily.
- MBJ nano-machined mechanical fracture joining method
- Nanoscale gold bonding is performed using standard electron beam lithography and lift-off technology using an electron beam lithography system (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., catalog number: JSM6500F).
- Polyimide manufactured by Industrial Summit Technology, catalog number: Pyre- A pattern was formed on a flexible metal substrate (phosphor bronze substrate) coated with (Ml).
- the polyimide under the bonding was removed by etching based on the reactive ion etching method using a reactive ion etching apparatus (manufactured by Samco, catalog number: 10NR). Then, by bending the metal substrate, a nanoscale gold bridge having a structure bent at three points was produced. Such bending of the substrate was performed using a piezo actuator (manufactured by CEDRAT, catalog number: APA150M).
- the bridge was pulled and a part of the bridge was broken to form an electrode pair (gold electrode).
- a resistance of 10 k ⁇ is connected in series under a programmed junction pulling speed by a resistance feedback method.
- Vb DC bias voltage
- the bridge was further pulled, and the size of the gap (distance between the electrodes) generated by the breakage was set to be the length of the target nucleotide molecule (about 1 nm).
- the electrode pair was immersed in Milli-Q water in which the nucleotide or polynucleotide was dissolved, and the tunnel current generated when the nucleotide or polynucleotide was trapped between the electrode pair was measured.
- the nucleotide or polynucleotide concentration in Milli-Q water was 0.10 ⁇ M.
- a tunneling current flowing between an electrode pair having an interelectrode distance of 0.80 nm is converted into a logarithmic amplifier (Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 (10) at 10 kHz under a DC bias voltage of 0.4V. , 3816, manufactured by Daiwa Giken Co., Ltd.) and PXI 4071 digital multimeter (National Instruments). Each sample was measured until 200 or 1000 pulses were detected, and these pulses were analyzed.
- dAMP deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate
- CMP deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate sodium salt: Sigma-Aldrich
- DGMP DGMP
- dTMP Thimidylic acid disodium salt: Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.
- TCI ribonucleoside monophosphate
- rAMP ribonucleoside monophosphate
- rCMP cytidine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt: TCI
- rGMP Guanosine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt hydrate: TCI
- rUMP uridine 5'-
- TCI monophosphate disodium salt hydrate
- each of the deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate or ribonucleotide monophosphate was added to Milli-Q water so that the final concentration was 0.10 ⁇ M to prepare a measurement solution.
- a voltage of 0.4 V was applied between the nanogap electrodes in a state where the measurement solution was filled in the space between the electrodes, and a tunnel current generated between the electrodes at this time was measured.
- deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate or ribonucleoside monophosphate present between the electrodes is performing Brownian motion (the temperature of the measurement solution was about 25 ° C.).
- FIG. 2 (a) shows tunneling current data measured over time when a measurement solution containing dGMP is used. As shown in FIG. 2A, a plurality of tunnel current pulses were observed with time. The magnitude of the tunnel current was about 10 pA to about 100 pA.
- FIG. 2B illustrates one of a plurality of tunnel current pulses shown in FIG.
- each pulse can be defined by Ip (maximum current value) and td (pulse duration).
- Ip maximum current value
- td pulse duration
- a conductance (Ip / V) histogram was prepared using about 1000 pulses for each deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate and each ribonucleoside monophosphate. A Gaussian distribution was used to create the conductance (Ip / V) histogram.
- G value peak value of conductance (Ip / V) histogram
- DCMP 60 pS
- dTMP 39 pS
- rGMP 123 pS
- rAMP 92 pS
- rCMP 64 pS
- rUMP 50 pS.
- the highest occupied molecular orbital energy is -5.7 eV for guanine, -5.9 eV for adenine, and -6.1 eV for cytosine.
- Thymine was -6.6 eV and uracil was -6.9 eV.
- the order of molecular orbital energies is the same as the order of relative G values described above. This indicates that the method for determining the type of nucleic acid monomer based on the tunnel current can specify the type of molecule based on the energy level (particularly, the HOMO energy level).
- Table 2 shows another test result measured under the same experimental conditions.
- nucleic acid sequence of DNA oligomer > ⁇ 3.
- a similar test was performed using a DNA oligomer (specifically, TGT, GTG, ATA, CAC, or GAG) instead of the nucleic acid monomer. went.
- td pulse duration
- FIG. 3 (a) shows a DNA oligomer tunneling current pulse that appears over time.
- the DNA oligomer filed a pulse group having a relative G value at substantially the same level as dGMP.
- Fig. 3 (d) to Fig. 3 (f) show the results of automatically extracting electrical signals. In these figures, a clear pulse with three plateau peaks is observed.
- the first position and the third position have low plateau-like peaks indicating T, and G is indicated at the second position. A pulse with a high plateau peak is detected.
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Abstract
Description
本発明のポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する方法は、以下の第1工程~第6工程を包含している。つまり、
・第1工程:ポリヌクレオチドを、電極対の間を通過させる工程。
・第2工程:ポリヌクレオチドが電極対の間を通過したときに生じるトンネル電流の複数のパルスを検出するとともに、当該複数のパルスの各々について、最大電流値とパルス持続時間とを測定する工程。
・第3工程:複数のパルスの最大電流値の間の大小の順番と、個々のヌクレオチド(参照ヌクレオチドと呼ぶ)と電極対を形成している金属とのエネルギー準位差に起因した電子状態に対応する参照電流値の間の大小の順番と、を比較することによって、上記複数のパルスの各々を特定の種類のヌクレオチドに対応付けた一次塩基配列情報を作成する工程。
・第4工程:複数のパルスの中から、パルス持続時間が連続しているパルスからなるパルス群を抽出するとともに、一次塩基配列情報の中から、上記パルス群に対応する複数の二次塩基配列情報を抽出する工程。
・第5工程:複数の二次塩基配列情報の少なくとも2つの二次塩基配列情報の間で共通している塩基配列を検索する工程。
・第6工程:共通している塩基配列を介して、当該共通している塩基配列を有している二次塩基配列情報同士を繋ぎ合わせる工程。
第1工程は、ポリヌクレオチドを、電極対の間を通過させる工程である。
第2工程は、ポリヌクレオチドが電極対の間を通過したときに生じるトンネル電流の複数のパルスを検出するとともに、当該複数のパルスの各々について、最大電流値とパルス持続時間とを測定する工程である。
第3工程は、複数のパルスの最大電流値の間の大小の順番と、個々のヌクレオチド(参照ヌクレオチドと呼ぶ)と電極対を形成している金属とのエネルギー準位差に起因した電子状態に対応する参照電流値の間の大小の順番と、を比較することによって、複数のパルスの各々を特定の種類のヌクレオチドに対応付けた一次塩基配列情報を作成する工程である。
第4工程は、複数のパルスの中から、パルス持続時間が連続しているパルスからなるパルス群を抽出するとともに、上記一次塩基配列情報の中から、上記パルス群に対応する複数の二次塩基配列情報を抽出する工程である。
1=P(A)+P(T)+P(G)+P(C)
この場合、最も値が高いP(X)(Xは、A、T、GまたはC)と、トンネル電流とを対応付ければよい。つまり、トンネル電流は、塩基分子Xに由来するものであると判定すればよい。
第5工程は、複数の二次塩基配列情報の少なくとも2つの二次塩基配列情報の間で共通している塩基配列を検索する工程である。つまり、第5工程は、ポリヌクレオチドの全長の塩基配列情報が断片化された情報である二次塩基配列情報の中から、二次塩基配列情報同士を繋ぎ合わせる箇所を検索する工程である。
第6工程は、上述した共通している塩基配列を介して、当該共通している塩基配列を有している上記二次塩基配列情報同士を繋ぎ合わせる工程である。当該工程によって、ポリヌクレオチド(全長または部分長)の塩基配列を決定することができる。
〔2-1.各構成について〕
本実施の形態のポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する装置は、本発明のポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する方法を実施するための装置である。
図6に、装置100の動作のフローの一例を示す。なお、当該フローは一例であって、本発明はこれに限定されない。
図1に示す電極対を、ナノ加工機械的破断接合法(MCBJ)を用いて形成した(Tsutsui, M., Shoji, K., Taniguchi, M., Kawai, T., Formation and self-breaking mechanism of stable atom-sized junctions. Nano Lett. 8, 345-349(2007)参照)。以下に、電極対の作製方法を簡単に説明する。
電極対を、ヌクレオチドまたはポリヌクレオチドが溶解したMilli-Q水に浸して、ヌクレオチドまたはポリヌクレオチドが電極対の間に捕捉されたときに生じるトンネル電流を測定した。なお、Milli-Q水におけるヌクレオチドまたはポリヌクレオチドの濃度は、何れも0.10μMであった。
上記電極対の間を、4種類のデオキシリボヌクレオシド一リン酸(dAMP(2’-deoxyadenosine-5’-monophosphate:Sigma-Aldrich)、dCMP(2’-deoxycytidine-5’-monophosphate sodium salt:Sigma-Aldrich)、dGMP(2’-deoxyguanosine-5’-monophosphate sodium salt hydrate:Sigma-Aldrich)、dTMP(Thymidylic acid disodium salt:Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.(TCI)))および4種類のリボヌクレオシド一リン酸(rAMP(2’-adenosine-5’-monophosphate disodium salt:Oriental yeast)、rCMP(cytidine 5’-monophosphate disodium salt:TCI)、rGMP(Guanosine 5’-monophosphate sodium salt hydrate:TCI)、rUMP(uridine 5’-monophosphate disodium salt hydrate:TCI))の各々を個別に通過させ、このときに電極対の間に生じるトンネル電流を測定するとともに、当該トンネル電流のパルスの最大電流値とパルス持続時間とを測定した。また、別の試料としてメチルシトシン、メチルアデニン、オキソグアニンについても測定した。
上述した<3.参照ヌクレオチドの最大電流値およびパルス持続時間の測定>の試験において、核酸モノマーの代わりにDNAオリゴマー(具体的には、TGT、GTG、ATA、CAC、または、GAG)を用いて、同様の試験を行った。
dGMPおよびDNAオリゴマー(具体的には、GGG)についてトンネル電流のパルス(約1000パルス)についてtd(パルス持続時間)を測定するとともに、当該tdの分布を観察した。
上述した<5.パルス持続時間の解析>の試験において、DNAオリゴマーの代わりに「5’-UGAGGUA-3’」(以下、miRNAとも呼ぶ)を用いて、同様の試験を行った。
20 電極対
30 測定部
40 一次塩基配列情報作成部
50 二次塩基配列情報抽出部
60 共通配列検索部
70 配列情報連結部
80 データ格納部
100 装置
Claims (16)
- ポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する方法であって、
上記ポリヌクレオチドを、電極対の間を通過させる第1工程と、
上記ポリヌクレオチドが上記電極対の間を通過したときに生じるトンネル電流の複数のパルスを検出するとともに、当該複数のパルスの各々について、最大電流値とパルス持続時間とを測定する第2工程と、
上記複数のパルスの最大電流値の間の大小の順番と、個々のヌクレオチドと上記電極対を形成している金属とのエネルギー準位差に起因した電子状態に対応する参照電流値の間の大小の順番と、を比較することによって、上記複数のパルスの各々を特定の種類のヌクレオチドに対応付けた一次塩基配列情報を作成する第3工程と、
上記複数のパルスの中から、上記パルス持続時間が連続しているパルスからなるパルス群を抽出するとともに、上記一次塩基配列情報の中から、上記パルス群に対応する複数の二次塩基配列情報を抽出する第4工程と、
上記複数の二次塩基配列情報の少なくとも2つの二次塩基配列情報の間で共通している塩基配列を検索する第5工程と、
上記共通している塩基配列を介して、上記共通している塩基配列を有している上記二次塩基配列情報同士を繋ぎ合わせる第6工程と、を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 上記第3工程では、更に、上記最大電流値と、個々のヌクレオチドに対応する参照電流値とを比較することによって、上記複数のパルスの各々を特定の種類のヌクレオチドに対応付けた一次塩基配列情報を作成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記参照電流値は、ヌクレオチドを個別に上記電極対の間を通過させたときに生じるトンネル電流の複数のパルスの最大電流値のうちの最頻値であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 上記電極対は金電極であり、
上記参照電流値の大小の順番は、上記ヌクレオチドがDNAである場合には、dTMP<dCMP<dAMP<Methyl dAMP<dGMP<Oxo-dGMP<Methyl dCMPであり、上記ヌクレオチドがRNAである場合には、rUMP<rCMP<rAMP<rGMPであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。 - 上記第6工程では、上記第5工程で検索された共通している塩基配列の配列情報を三次塩基配列情報として複数抽出し、該三次塩基配列情報同士を繋ぎ合わせることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 上記第5工程にて検索される上記共通している塩基配列は、少なくとも10個の二次塩基配列情報の間で共通しているものであることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 上記第4工程では、1ms以上の時間の間、上記パルス持続時間が連続しているパルスからなるパルス群に対応する複数の二次塩基配列情報を抽出することを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 上記電極対は、電極間の距離が一定に保たれているものであり、
上記第4工程では、確率統計的な手法によって上記二次塩基配列情報を抽出することを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - ポリヌクレオチドが通過可能な電極間距離を有する電極対と、
上記ポリヌクレオチドが上記電極対の間を通過したときに生じるトンネル電流の複数のパルスを検出するとともに、当該複数のパルスの各々について、最大電流値とパルス持続時間とを測定する測定部と、
上記複数のパルスの最大電流値の間の大小の順番と、個々のヌクレオチドと上記電極対を形成している金属とのエネルギー準位差に起因した電子状態に対応する参照電流値の間の大小の順番と、を比較することによって、上記複数のパルスの各々を特定の種類のヌクレオチドに対応付けた一次塩基配列情報を作成する一次塩基配列情報作成部と、
上記複数のパルスの中から、上記パルス持続時間が連続しているパルスからなるパルス群を抽出するとともに、上記一次塩基配列情報の中から、上記パルス群に対応する複数の二次塩基配列情報を抽出する二次塩基配列情報抽出部と、
上記複数の二次塩基配列情報の少なくとも2つの二次塩基配列情報の間で共通している塩基配列を検索する共通配列検索部と、
上記共通している塩基配列を介して、上記共通している塩基配列を有している上記二次塩基配列情報同士を繋ぎ合わせる配列情報連結部と、を備えていることを特徴とするポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する装置。 - 上記一次塩基配列情報作成部は、更に、上記最大電流値と、個々のヌクレオチドに対応する参照電流値とを比較することによって、上記複数のパルスの各々を特定の種類のヌクレオチドに対応付けた一次塩基配列情報を作成するものであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のポリヌクレオチドの塩基配列を決定する装置。
- 上記参照電流値は、ヌクレオチドを個別に上記電極対の間を通過させたときに生じるトンネル電流の複数のパルスの最大電流値のうちの最頻値であることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の装置。
- 上記電極対は金電極であり、
上記参照電流値の大小の順番は、上記ヌクレオチドがDNAである場合には、dTMP<dCMP<dAMP<Methyl dAMP<dGMP<Oxo-dGMP<Methyl dCMPであり、上記ヌクレオチドがRNAである場合には、rUMP<rCMP<rAMP<rGMPであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の装置。 - 上記配列情報連結部は、上記共通配列検索部で検索された共通している塩基配列の配列情報を三次塩基配列情報として複数抽出し、該三次塩基配列情報同士を繋ぎ合わせるものであることを特徴とする請求項9~12の何れか1項に記載の装置。
- 上記共通配列検索部にて検索される上記共通している塩基配列は、少なくとも10個の二次塩基配列情報の間で共通しているものであることを特徴とする請求項9~13の何れか1項に記載の装置。
- 上記二次塩基配列情報抽出部は、1ms以上の時間の間、上記パルス持続時間が連続しているパルスからなるパルス群に対応する複数の二次塩基配列情報を抽出するものであることを特徴とする請求項9~14の何れか1項に記載の装置。
- 上記電極対は、電極間の距離が一定に保たれているものであり、
上記二次塩基配列情報抽出部は、確率統計的な手法によって上記二次塩基配列情報を抽出するものであることを特徴とする請求項9~15の何れか1項に記載の装置。
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| EP (1) | EP2833126A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6343148B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20140138526A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103492865B (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2833368A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013147208A1 (ja) |
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| WO2015170783A1 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-12 | Quantum Biosystems Inc. | Devices and methods for adjustable nanogap electrodes |
| WO2015170784A1 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-12 | Osaka University | Nanogap electrodes with dissimilar materials |
| US9535033B2 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2017-01-03 | Quantum Biosystems Inc. | Sample analysis method |
| US9644236B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2017-05-09 | Quantum Biosystems Inc. | Biomolecule sequencing devices, systems and methods |
| JP2018510329A (ja) * | 2015-02-05 | 2018-04-12 | プレジデント・アンド・フェロウズ・オブ・ハーバード・カレッジ | 流体通路を含むナノポアセンサ |
| US10202644B2 (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2019-02-12 | Quantum Biosystems Inc. | Method and device for identifying nucleotide, and method and device for determining nucleotide sequence of polynucleotide |
| US10261066B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2019-04-16 | Quantum Biosystems Inc. | Nano-gap electrode pair and method of manufacturing same |
| US10438811B1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2019-10-08 | Quantum Biosystems Inc. | Methods for forming nano-gap electrodes for use in nanosensors |
| WO2020218489A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | トンネル電流を使用したマイクロrna解析 |
| US12091712B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2024-09-17 | Illumina Cambridge, Ltd. | Systems and methods for measurement and sequencing of bio-molecules |
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| EP2694671B1 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2021-01-06 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Nanopore sensor comprising a device for measuring the local electrical potential |
| JP6282036B2 (ja) | 2012-12-27 | 2018-02-21 | クオンタムバイオシステムズ株式会社 | 物質の移動速度の制御方法および制御装置 |
| DE102014217014A1 (de) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Sequenzierung von Nukleinsäuren mittels Tunnelstrommessungen |
| CA3000942A1 (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2017-04-13 | Quantum Biosystems Inc. | Devices, systems and methods for nucleic acid sequencing |
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| WO2011108540A1 (ja) | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-09 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | ヌクレオチドを識別する方法および装置、ならびにポリヌクレオチドのヌクレオチド配列を決定する方法および装置 |
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| JPWO2020218489A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | ||
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140138526A (ko) | 2014-12-04 |
| US20140055150A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
| CA2833368A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
| EP2833126A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
| JP6343148B2 (ja) | 2018-06-13 |
| EP2833126A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| CN103492865A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
| CN103492865B (zh) | 2018-12-28 |
| JPWO2013147208A1 (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
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