WO2013030062A1 - Solarmodul und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Solarmodul und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013030062A1 WO2013030062A1 PCT/EP2012/066331 EP2012066331W WO2013030062A1 WO 2013030062 A1 WO2013030062 A1 WO 2013030062A1 EP 2012066331 W EP2012066331 W EP 2012066331W WO 2013030062 A1 WO2013030062 A1 WO 2013030062A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar module
- module according
- prepreg
- polyurethane polymer
- aliphatic
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/81—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/8141—Unsaturated isocyanates or isothiocyanates masked
- C08G18/815—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/8158—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/8175—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates masked with unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen with unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with esters of acrylic or alkylacrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C08L75/16—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar module comprising a first layer, a solar cell arranged above the first layer and a second layer arranged above the solar cell.
- the invention further relates to the use of such a solar module and a method for its production.
- a solar module comprises a framed composite of a glass sheet, a transparent plastic layer, monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar cells and a backside encapsulation.
- the glass pane serves as a front cover for protection against mechanical and weather influences. It must have the highest transparency in order to minimize absorption losses in the optical spectral range and thus efficiency losses.
- a glass sheet of toughened safety glass (ESG) is used, which has a high resistance to temperature fluctuations.
- the solar cells are embedded in the transparent plastic layer.
- EVA ethyl vinyl acetate
- silicone rubber ethyl vinyl acetate
- the solar cells made of silicon are electrically interconnected by soldering tapes.
- the back of the composite is formed from a weather-resistant plastic composite film, for example, polyvinyl fluoride or polyester.
- the production of a solar element usually begins with the glass. On the appropriately cleaned glass an EVA film is applied. The connected solar cells are positioned on the disc with the EVA foil. Then everything is covered with another EVA film and the backsheet. During a lamination process at about 150 ° C, the EVA film melts, flows into the spaces between the soldered solar cells and is thermally crosslinked. From the previously milky EVA film, a clear, three-dimensionally networked and no longer fusible plastic layer is formed, in which the solar cells are now embedded and firmly connected to the glass pane and the backsheet. A formation of air bubbles, which lead to reflection losses, is avoided by a lamination under vacuum.
- the back of the module made of composite foil, protects the solar cell and the potting material from moisture and oxygen. Moisture or oxygen can cause corrosion of the metal contacts and chemical degradation of the EVA embedding material.
- Solar elements can also be used in the field of lightweight aircraft.
- An example of this are solar laminates, which are a composite of transparent barrier films and two layers a cured epoxy prepreg represent. Crystalline solar cells are encapsulated between the epoxy peptides. The production of such a solar laminate begins with the presentation of the barrier film. On this film, a first layer of epoxy prepreg is placed. Subsequently, the solar cells soldered to strings are positioned and electrically connected. After another layer of epoxy prepreg and another barrier film has been applied, the scrim is cured under temperature and reduced pressure (remove trapped air) and no longer separably connected.
- EP 1 081 179 A2 discloses a film-type photocurable resin compound comprising a photocurable resin compound (i) containing as an essential component at least one unsaturated resin (A) selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, a vinylurethane resin and an acrylic resin, a photopolymerization initiator (B) which is not activated by irradiation with light having a wavelength of 420 nm or more, and a tackifier (C) containing a thermoplastic resin powder as an active component; and a transparent light absorption film (ii) whose transmittance for light having a wavelength of 420 nm or less is 10% or less; wherein the photocurable resin compound is covered with the transparent light absorption film.
- A unsaturated resin
- B photopolymerization initiator
- C tackifier
- WO 2000/23493 A1 relates to a process for the production of technical molded parts, articles of daily use and articles based on a polyurethane material of (meth) acrylate preferably containing isocyanate and hydroxyl groups with a content of reactive double bonds of - determinable by DSC method at least 0.5 mmol / g, wherein produced in a first process stage, a mixture of all starting components and after known methods of plastics technology, in particular by glazing, pressing, rolling or extruding, brought into a desired shape and simultaneously or subsequently a non-radically initiated polyaddition reaction (Urethane reaction) is subjected, so that it is a polyurethane material in the form of a flexible, optionally elastic, and deformable without material removal, preform body is produced.
- a polyurethane material of (meth) acrylate preferably containing isocyanate and hydroxyl groups with a content of reactive double bonds of - determinable by DSC method at least 0.5
- the preform body is subjected to a further, preferably mechanical, shaping and a substantially emission-free curing by radical polymerization of the free double bonds.
- the publication also relates to the products produced by this process and to their various uses, optionally directly on site, for the production of high-strength moldings and composite elements, in particular for applications in the fields of medicine (eg surgery, orthopedics, dental medicine), technology (eg civil engineering, construction, vehicle construction, insulation technology, measuring and lighting technology), household, cosmetics and visual arts.
- WO 01/55240 A1 relates to a process for the preparation of radically postcrosslinked polymers.
- one or more compounds (a) which are reaction products of epoxidized fatty acid esters and / or epoxidized triglycerides with acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid are converted by reaction with aliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates into the corresponding polyurethanes (a *) and the polyurethanes (a *) prepared in this way are subsequently subjected to radical crosslinking in a second stage in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator (b).
- the polymers thus obtained are referred to as excellent matrix materials for composites.
- US 2004/0235977 A1 discloses a UV-curable formulation for repair of composite materials comprising an acrylic oligomer, an acrylic polymer and a photoinitiator.
- the formulation may contain glass fibers.
- the photoinitiator may be a combination of a bis-acylphosphine oxide and an ⁇ -hydroxyketone.
- the formulation can cure quickly, for example in about 20 minutes.
- the glass transition temperature of the cured formulation may be above 150 ° C.
- the lamination process is carried out for the production of solar modules based on epoxy prepregs under reduced pressure and elevated temperature.
- the curing of the prepreg composite takes several hours and is the production time determining process step.
- the present invention has therefore set itself the task of developing a material and a method that allows a much faster production of lightweight solar laminates.
- a solar module comprising a first layer, a solar cell arranged above the first layer and a second layer arranged above the solar cell, wherein the first and / or the second layer comprise a fiber composite material which is thermally and by means of electromagnetic radiation crosslinked polyurethane polymer and wherein the material of the fibers of the fiber composite material is transparent at least in the visible light region.
- the fiber composite material of the first and / or second layer comprises a polyurethane polymer, which crosslinks both thermally and by means of electromagnetic radiation, ie, cured.
- the electromagnetic radiation is UV light with a Wavelength between 100 nm and 420 nm.
- the polyurethane polymer can also be characterized as a so-called “dual cure” system.
- the advantage of a "dual cure” system lies in the shorter processing time until the cured resin over the conventional epoxy resin systems.
- the fibers of the fiber composite material may be in the form of a woven, laid, knitted or nonwoven fabric. Furthermore, it is also possible that they are present in isolated form. However, a fiber fabric is preferred. Suitable diameters for the individual fibers are, for example,> 1 ⁇ to ⁇ 100 ⁇ .
- glass fibers come into consideration.
- the material of the fibers of the fiber composite material is transparent at least in the visible light range.
- a transparency in the range of visible light is understood to mean that for light of the wavelength of> 380 nm to ⁇ 780 nm, the average transmittance is> 80%.
- the average transmittance is> 88%.
- glass fibers would be fundamentally suitable under the conditions mentioned, while carbon fibers would not be suitable.
- the material of the fibers of the fiber composite material is also transparent in the region of ultraviolet light. This is to be understood that for light of the wavelength of> 200 nm to ⁇ 380 nm, the average transmittance is> 80%>.
- the average transmittance is> 88%>.
- the transmittance can be measured with a suitable spectrometer with a photometer ball in accordance with the standards ASTM E 01348 / ISO 13468 / ASTM D 1003 (lamp type and observer D65 10 °).
- solar cells include commercially available mono- or polycrystalline silicon cells, thin-film cells (for example amorphous silicon), semiconductor cells (for example CdTe, CIS, GaAs), organic solar cells or dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and the like.
- thin-film cells for example amorphous silicon
- semiconductor cells for example CdTe, CIS, GaAs
- organic solar cells for example dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and the like.
- DSSC dye-sensitized solar cells
- the first and second layers directly contact the solar cell.
- further layers such as protective layers or barrier layers
- further layers are glass layers or other transparent materials.
- further layers for example protective layers or barrier layers, to be applied to the side of the first and / or the second layer facing away from the solar cell.
- An advantage of this lies in better mechanical properties of the composite. The difference between the thermal expansion to the glass or to the solar cell would be lower than with elastomeric (EVA) systems. Furthermore, the fiber structure would stabilize the cells during deposition. Slipping is thus prevented.
- the other of the two layers may also be a protective layer or a barrier layer.
- the polyurethane polymer is an aliphatic polyurethane polymer.
- the aliphatic polymers preferably entirely without aromatic monomers, ensure good transparency and lightfastness.
- the polyurethane polymer is obtained from the reaction of a mixture comprising a linear aliphatic polyesterpolyol, a first, aliphatic urethane (meth) acrylate having an OH number of ⁇ 10 mg KOH / g (DIN 53240) and a second, aliphatic isocyanate group-containing urethane (meth) acrylate.
- Preferred linear polyester polyols are polycarbonate polyols.
- suitable linear, aliphatic polycarbonate polyols are polycarbonates containing such hydroxyl groups, preferably polycarbonatediols, with number-average molecular weights M n of from 400 to 8000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 600 to 3000 g / mol. These are obtainable by reaction of carbon dioxide, carbonic acid derivatives, such as diphenyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or phosgene, with polyols, preferably diols.
- diols examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bishydroxymethylcyclohexane, 2- Methyl-l, 3-propanediol, 2,2,4-Trimethylpentandiol-l, 3, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols, bisphenol A and lactone-modified diols of the aforementioned kind.
- the diol component contains 40 to 100 wt .-% of hexanediol, preferably 1,6-hexanediol and / or hexanediol derivatives.
- hexanediol derivatives are based on hexanediol and have ester or ether groups in addition to terminal OH groups.
- Such derivatives are obtainable by reaction of hexanediol with excess caprolactone or by etherification of hexanediol with itself to di- or trihexylenglykol.
- polyether-polycarbonate diols instead of or in addition to pure polycarbonate diols, it is also possible to use polyether-polycarbonate diols. Hydroxyl-containing polycarbonates are preferably built linear.
- suitable second aliphatic isocyanate group-containing urethane (meth) acrylates are those compounds which are prepared from (meth) acryloyl-containing alcohols and di- or polyisocyanates. Production methods for urethane (meth) acrylates are basically known and described e.g. in DE-A-1 644 798, DE-A-2 115 373 or DE-A-2 737 406.
- the molar ratio of NCO groups of the diisocyanates is or polyisocyanates to OH groups of the (meth) acryloyl-containing alcohols and optionally of the OH groups of the ester group-containing diol, generally 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.8, preferably from 1: 0.3 to 1: 0, 6th It is also possible to use a mixture of a urethane (meth) acrylate which does not contain free NCO groups with a urethane (meth) acrylate having free isocyanate groups, as long as this mixture satisfies the abovementioned ratio of NCO groups to OH- Corresponds to groups of their building blocks.
- esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with polyhydric alcohols containing free hydroxyl groups are meant esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with dihydric alcohols, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl or 2-, 3- or 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate and any mixtures of such compounds.
- n is an integer or fractional number from greater than 2 to 4, preferably 3, and where per mole of said alcohols is from (n-0.6) to (n-2.2), preferably from (n-) 0.8) to (n-1.2), more preferably of (n-1) mol of (meth) acrylic acid are used.
- These compounds or product mixtures include, for example, the reaction products of glycerol, trimethylolpropane and / or pentaerythritol, of low molecular weight alkoxylation of such alcohols, such as ethoxylated or propoxylated trimethylolpropane, such as the adduct of ethylene oxide with trimethylolpropane OH number 550 mg KOH / g or any mixtures of such at least trihydric alcohols with dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol with (meth) acrylic acid in said molar ratio.
- These compounds generally have a molecular weight of from 116 to 1000, preferably from 116 to 750 and more preferably from 116 to 158 g / mol.
- reaction products of these monohydric (meth) acryloyl-containing alcohols with ⁇ -caprolactone can be used.
- hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl or 2-, 3- or 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate with ⁇ -caprolactone.
- These compounds generally have a molecular weight of from 230 to 3000, preferably from 230 to 1206 and particularly preferably from 344 to 572 g / mol.
- Preferred di- or polyisocyanates are butylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate), di (isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane, isocyanatomethyl-1,8 - Octane diisocyanate or derivatives thereof with urethane, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, uretdione, Iminooxadiazindion gleich and mixtures thereof.
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate
- di (isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane isocyan
- the addition reaction of the isocyanate-containing constituent with the alcohol-containing constituent to the urethane (meth) acrylate can be accelerated in a manner known per se by means of suitable catalysts, such as, for example, tin octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate or tertiary amines.
- suitable catalysts such as, for example, tin octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate or tertiary amines.
- the resulting, free NCO group-containing urethane (meth) acrylate can be stabilized against premature polymerization, usually by adding suitable inhibitors and antioxidants such as phenols, hydroquinones, optionally also quinones such as 2.5-di-tert-butylquinone. These inhibitors are added in amounts of 0.001 to 0.3 wt% each during or subsequent to the preparation.
- Suitable first, aliphatic urethane (meth) acrylates having an OH number of ⁇ 10 mg KOH / g can be obtained analogously to the above-described urethane (meth) acrylates, wherein the molar ratios of the reactants are chosen so that possible few opposite Isocyanate-reactive groups are present in the end product. This is expressed by the indicated OH number, which not only covers OH groups but also amino groups, etc., and is preferably ⁇ 5 mg KOH / g, more preferably ⁇ 1 mg KOH / g.
- Such binders are described, for example, in PKT Oldring (Ed.), Chemistry & Technology of UV & EB Formulations For Coatings, Inks & Paints, Vol. 2, 1991, SITA Technology, London pp. 31-235.
- the linear aliphatic polycarbonate polyol is a polycarbonate-polyester polyol having a hydroxyl content of ⁇ 4% and an equivalent weight of> 450 to ⁇ 1000, more preferably having an equivalent weight of> 450 to ⁇ 550.
- the first aliphatic urethane acrylate contains allophanate structures.
- the preparation of such allophanate urethane acrylates is described, for example, in EP 1645582 or EP 2031003.
- products which are formed using monomeric diisocyanates very particularly preferred are those in which hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is used.
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- hydroxy-bearing (meth) acrylic acid ester those already mentioned above are also suitable.
- hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates and reaction products of these hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates with ⁇ -caprolactone are suitable.
- the second aliphatic isocyanate group-containing urethane (meth) acrylate has an ester-containing diol having an average molecular weight of> 176 g / mol to ⁇ 2000 g / mol in an amount of> 1% by weight to ⁇ 65% by weight. , based on the amount of other constituents of the urethane (meth) acrylate, as a constituent.
- the ester-containing diol may be both a constituent of the (meth) acryloyl-containing alcohols, constituent of the polyisocyanates and further constituent.
- Preferred starting materials are 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and polyesterdiols having an average molecular weight of 176 to 2,000, preferably 350 to 950, particularly preferably 500 to 800 g / mol.
- polyester diols which are composed of diols and dicarboxylic acids.
- Suitable diols for the preparation of the polyester diols are, for example, dimethylolcyclohexane, ethanediol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-butanediol and neopentyl glycol.
- Suitable dicarboxylic acids are, for example, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid, cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as hexahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid and their anhydrides and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids which are preferably used, such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid and their anhydrides.
- polyester diols of ⁇ -caprolactone of the stated molecular weight range are particularly preferably used, which have been prepared in a manner known per se from a diol of the type exemplified above as starter molecule and ⁇ -caprolactone.
- starter molecule 1,6-hexanediol.
- ⁇ -caprolactonediols which are started on 1,6-hexanediol and which have a very narrow oligomer distribution, which can be achieved by using boron trifluoride etherate or organic tin compounds as catalyst in the polymerization.
- These very particularly preferred ester diols consist of more than 50 wt .-% of molecules in a molecular weight range of 460 to 802 g / mol.
- the liquid mixture for the preparation of the PU polymer expediently contains photoinitiators.
- photoinitiators Basically suitable are all commercially available photoinitiators, in particular a-hydroxyphenyl ketones.
- the NCO-free component of the liquid mixture for preparing the PU polymer contains adhesion improvers.
- adhesion improvers have acid groups, preference is given to products having carboxyl or phosphoric acid residues, particular preference is given to products having (meth) acryloyl and carboxyl groups or (meth) acryloyl and phosphoric acid groups.
- the refractive index n D 20 of the polyurethane polymer is> 95% to ⁇ 105% of the refractive index n D 20 of the material of the fibers.
- this refractive index is in a range of> 98% to ⁇ 102% of the refractive index n D 20 of the material of the fibers, more preferably from> 99% to ⁇ 101%, and most preferably from> 99.5% to ⁇ 100.5 %.
- the fibers are present in a proportion of> 5% by volume) to ⁇ 70% by volume in the fiber composite material of the first and / or the second layer. Preferably, this content is> 20% by volume) to ⁇ 50% by volume>.
- the fibers are present in the fiber composite material in the form of a fabric.
- the basis weight of the fabric of the fibers may, for example, be in a range of> 15 g / m 2 to ⁇ 500 g / m 2 .
- the first and the second layer enclose the solar cell. In this way, the solar cell is protected from mechanical and environmental influences.
- this further comprises one or more barrier layers for reducing the passage of water and / or oxygen.
- Suitable barrier layers include polyvinyl fluoride and polyester films as well as glass layers. Such barrier layers can protect the solar cells and in particular their contacts from corrosion.
- the invention also relates to the use of a solar module according to the invention for the production of wings for aircraft, propellers for aircraft and / or propellers for wind turbines.
- a further subject of the present invention is a method for producing a solar module according to the invention, comprising the steps:
- Forming a crosslinked polyurethane polymer is capable
- step (iv) disposing the solar cell between the first prepreg and the second prepreg; and (v) applying electromagnetic radiation to the prepreg or prepregs of step (iii) such that a crosslinked polyurethane polymer is obtained from the reaction mixture.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by using two prepregs with a "dual cure" polyurethane system (preferably the same system).
- the prepregs are heated according to step (iii).
- This has the background that an increase in viscosity of the reaction mixture is to be effected in order to obtain a readily processible semifinished product.
- the heating can be carried out for example to a temperature of> 50 ° C to ⁇ 100 ° C.
- the duration of the heating may be, for example,> 5 minutes to ⁇ 2 hours.
- a catalyst for the NCO / OH reaction may optionally be added.
- step (iv) the solar cell is laminated, wherein the solar cell is contacted either directly from the previously prepared and treated prepregs or else one or more intermediate layers may also be provided on one side or on both sides of the solar cell.
- step (v) for the final cross-linking of the polymer is expediently carried out by means of UV radiation, for example at 254-420 nm.
- the result is a solar module laminate, which can be produced in a much shorter time than with the previous, based on epoxy prepregs.
- a vacuum may be applied prior to final cross-linking in step (v) to remove interfering air pockets in the laminate. It is also possible to create an overpressure for this purpose. This can be done for example by means of a pressure bag. Preferably, the printing bag is transparent to allow UV radiation to pass through. Then, a curing of the prepreg can be done with applied pressure.
- the polyurethane polymer is an aliphatic polyurethane polymer.
- the reaction mixture comprises a linear aliphatic polycarbonate polyester, a first aliphatic urethane acrylate and a second isocyanate group-containing urethane acrylate.
- the fibers are in the form of a fabric. Again, reference is made to avoid repetition on the comments on the solar module.
- the present invention will be further described by, but not limited to, the following examples.
- Desmophen® C 1100 Solvent-free, linear, aliphatic polycarbonate polyester polyol with a hydroxyl content (DIN 53240/2) of 3.3 ⁇ 0.3% and an equivalent weight of approx. 500
- Desmolux® VP LS 2265 Unsaturated aliphatic urethane acrylate without reactive thinner having an OH group content of ⁇ 0.3%, containing polyether structures
- Desmolux® XP 2740 Unsaturated aliphatic urethane acrylate without reactive thinner having an OH group content of ⁇ 0.3%, containing allophanate structures
- Desmolux® XP 2683/1 Unsaturated aliphatic urethane acrylate without reactive thinner having an OH group content of ⁇ 0.3%, containing polyester structures
- Desmolux® VP LS 2396 Urethane acrylate containing isocyanate groups without reactive thinner having an NCO group content (DIN EN ISO 1 909) of approx. 7.5%
- Ebecryl® 168 adhesion promoter (meth / acylated acid derivative)
- Refractory indices nD at 589 nm and transmittances were determined from the thermally and photochemically cured paints, as well as glass fiber fabrics impregnated with the paints and thermally and photochemically cured (also HexForce® 00106 1270 TF952 CC BT from Hexcel, basis weight 25 g / m 2 ) certainly.
- Refractive indices were measured either with an Abbe refractometer or with a transmitted light interference microscope.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201280041370.9A CN103748127A (zh) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-08-22 | 太阳能组件及其制造方法 |
| US14/240,954 US9412893B2 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-08-22 | Solar module and process for production thereof |
| HK14110463.1A HK1197077A1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-08-22 | Solar module and method for producing same |
| DE112012003531.3T DE112012003531B4 (de) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-08-22 | Solarmodul und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011053030.4 | 2011-08-26 | ||
| DE102011053030A DE102011053030A1 (de) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-08-26 | Solarmodul und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013030062A1 true WO2013030062A1 (de) | 2013-03-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2012/066331 Ceased WO2013030062A1 (de) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-08-22 | Solarmodul und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9412893B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN103748127A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102011053030A1 (de) |
| HK (1) | HK1197077A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2013030062A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2831923B1 (de) * | 2012-03-27 | 2019-07-31 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verwendung von uv-strahlenhärtbaren polyurethanharzen zur herstellung von solarlaminaten |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2014332287B2 (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2017-01-12 | Transitions Optical, Inc. | Photochromic optical article having allophanate protective coating and process for making same |
| PL3006181T3 (pl) | 2014-09-08 | 2022-04-11 | Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation | Sposób hermetyzacji ogniw fotowoltaicznych i hermetyzowane moduły |
| CN106299000B (zh) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-06-12 | 老虎表面技术新材料(苏州)有限公司 | 光伏组件用封装材料及该封装材料的制备方法 |
| EP3597389A1 (de) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-22 | PARAT Beteiligungs GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung eines flächenhaften bauelementes mit integrierten solarzellen und bauelement mit integrierten solarzellen |
| AT522993B1 (de) * | 2019-09-18 | 2023-05-15 | Lenzing Plastics Gmbh & Co Kg | Photovoltaikelement |
| KR20220065778A (ko) * | 2019-09-19 | 2022-05-20 | 헨켈 아게 운트 코. 카게아아 | 광경화성 (메트)아크릴레이트 조성물 |
| FR3130687A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif fonctionnel en structure multicouche dont l’une des couches comprend un matériau composite comportant une résine en polyuréthane thermodurcissable et des fibres de verre et procédé de fabrication d’un tel dispositif fonctionnel |
| CN115466565B (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-11-28 | 江苏天合蓝途新能源科技有限公司 | 一种光伏组件封装用涂层组合物、封装用复合材料的制备方法及光伏组件 |
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- 2012-08-22 US US14/240,954 patent/US9412893B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2831923B1 (de) * | 2012-03-27 | 2019-07-31 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verwendung von uv-strahlenhärtbaren polyurethanharzen zur herstellung von solarlaminaten |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140209171A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
| DE112012003531B4 (de) | 2023-02-02 |
| CN103748127A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
| DE112012003531A5 (de) | 2014-05-22 |
| US9412893B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 |
| HK1197077A1 (en) | 2015-01-02 |
| DE102011053030A1 (de) | 2013-02-28 |
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