WO2013018734A1 - 二酸化炭素固定経路を導入した微生物 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素固定経路を導入した微生物 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an acetyl-CoA producing microorganism and a substance production method using the same.
- Acetyl CoA is one of the most important intermediates in the metabolic pathway of microorganisms.
- Various metabolites are produced via acetyl CoA.
- Examples of such substances produced via acetyl CoA include, for example, amino acids such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine; Organic acids such as propionic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, citric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methacrylic acid and poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid; isopropyl alcohol, Alcohols such as ethanol and butanol; acetone, polyglutamic acid, and the like are also known.
- amino acids such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-leucine, and L-i
- acetyl CoA is produced using sugars such as glucose as a carbon source.
- Sugar is first converted into pyruvate via metabolic pathways called glycolysis such as the Emden-Meyerhof pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway, and pentose-phosphate pathway. Thereafter, it is converted to acetyl CoA by the action of pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate-formate lyase and the like.
- carbon dioxide and formic acid are produced as by-products, and the carbon derived from the sugar is partially lost. For this reason, some investigations for refixing carbon dioxide to increase the yield of acetyl CoA have been conducted.
- the reductive TCA circuit is a circuit found in anaerobic bacteria and microaerobic bacteria including green sulfur bacteria. It consists of 11 enzymes, and is a CO 2 -fixing enzyme (acetyl CoA carboxylase, 2 -Oxoglutarate synthase), which produces pyruvate from CO 2 by a reverse reaction of the normal TCA cycle. Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, the path found in anaerobic microorganisms such as acetic acid producing bacteria, consists 9 enzymes, reducing the formic acid on CO 2 and coenzyme by like formate dehydrogenase and CO dehydrogenase, finally acetyl CoA Convert to.
- CO 2 -fixing enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase, 2 -Oxoglutarate synthase
- the 3-hydroxypropionic acid circuit is a circuit found in the genus Chloroflexus, and is composed of 13 kinds of enzymes. CO 2 is fixed by the action of acetyl CoA (propionyl CoA) carboxylase, via malonyl CoA, etc. Produces acetyl CoA.
- the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle is a pathway existing in archaea and the like, which fixes CO 2 by the reaction of pyruvate synthase, acetyl CoA (propionyl CoA) carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, 4-hydroxybutyryl CoA, etc. To produce acetyl CoA.
- 2011/099006 pamphlet proposes a circuit for fixing CO 2 via a carbonic acid fixing reaction on acetyl CoA or a reduction reaction of malonyl CoA.
- German Offenlegungsschrift 102007059248 proposes the production of acetyl CoA by a route similar to the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle.
- the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle goes through dehydration reactions such as the dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl CoA and the dehydration of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. There is a problem of competing with.
- the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle, 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle, and reductive TCA cycle the produced acetyl-CoA is converted into another substance in the circuit by the action of malonyl-CoA synthase or pyruvate synthase. Therefore, it is not necessarily efficient from the viewpoint of production of acetyl CoA.
- the present invention provides a microorganism useful for efficiently producing acetyl CoA using carbon dioxide, and a method for producing a useful metabolite derived from acetyl CoA and acetyl CoA using the microorganism.
- the present invention is as follows.
- Microorganisms that do not have any of the following (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), and (a), (b), (c), and (d) It is composed of malate thiokinase, malyl-CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, and hydroxypyruvate reductase without imparting any of them or without exerting their functions
- A a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid
- B a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvate
- C a carbon
- the microorganism is an Escherichia bacterium, and the activity of at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase possessed by the Escherichia bacterium is inactivated or reduced [1] to [ 6]
- Acetyl-CoA producing microorganism [9] The microorganism according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the microorganism is an Escherichia bacterium, and the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia is imparted or enhanced with a thiolase activity, a CoA transferase activity, an acetoacetate decarboxylase activity, and an isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to one.
- microorganism according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the microorganism is a Pantoea bacterium, and the activities of fumarate hydratase A and fumarate hydratase C possessed by the Pantoea bacterium are inactivated or reduced.
- Acetyl-CoA producing microorganism.
- malate thiokinase the amino acid corresponding to amino acid No. 144 of mtkB derived from Methylobacterium extroense is isoleucine, asparagine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine, glutamine or proline, and / or 244.
- Acetyl CoA according to any one of [1] to [11], wherein malate thiokinase wherein the second amino acid is glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, asparagine, tyrosine, lysine or arginine Production microorganisms.
- a method for producing acetyl CoA comprising producing acetyl CoA from a carbon source material using the acetyl CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [1] to [12].
- a method for producing acetone comprising producing acetone from a carbon source material using the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to [9] or [12].
- a method for producing isopropyl alcohol comprising producing isopropyl alcohol from a carbon source material using the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to [9] or [12].
- a method for producing glutamic acid comprising producing glutamic acid from a carbon source material using the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to [5], [10], [11] or [12].
- the present invention it is possible to provide a microorganism useful for efficiently converting carbon dioxide into acetyl CoA and a method for producing acetyl CoA and useful metabolites using the microorganism.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to the present invention includes (a), (b), (b), (b), (c), (d), and (e) which do not have any of the following. c) and (d) are not imparted, or do not exert their functions when imparted, malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, And an acetyl-CoA producing microorganism having an acetyl-CoA production circuit obtained by imparting at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of hydroxypyruvate reductase.
- a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid (B) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvate. (C) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA. (D) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid. (E) At least one selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase.
- acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism having an acetyl-CoA production circuit that can be converted into CoA can be provided.
- any of the following (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) is not imparted to a microorganism which does not have, or even if it is imparted, its function is not exhibited, and malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase CO 2 can be converted to acetyl CoA by imparting at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, and hydroxypyruvate reductase It is what I found.
- A a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid
- B a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvate
- C a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA
- D a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid
- E At least one selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase.
- acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism that converts this CO 2 into acetyl-CoA, and further imparting a predetermined enzyme activity to the microorganism, acetyl-CoA and useful derived from acetyl-CoA are used.
- Metabolites such as isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, citric acid, itaconic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, (poly-) 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methacrylic acid , (Poly) glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline, leucine, isoleucine, proline and the like can be produced efficiently.
- the present invention proposes the simplest and practical acetyl-CoA production circuit that fixes CO 2 and converts it to acetyl-CoA (FIG. 1).
- the acetyl-CoA production circuit shown in FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the acetyl-CoA production circuit in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “circuit of FIG. 1”).
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, at least one selected from the group consisting of pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glyoxylate Carboligase, at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxypyruvate isomerase, hydroxypyruvate reductase and 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, glycerate 2-kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase and glycerate 3- It consists of 8 to 10 enzymes, at least one selected from the group consisting of kinases, and enolase, and (phosphoenol) pyruvate carboxylase is carbonate-fixed.
- This (phosphoenol) pyruvate carboxylase belongs to a class of highly active carbonic acid-fixing enzymes.
- the specific activity of RubisCO used in photosynthesis of plants and the like is known to be about 3 U to 20 U / mg (J. Biol. Chem. 274 (8) 5078-82 (1999), Anal. Biochem. 153 (1) 97-101 (1986)), (phosphoenol) pyruvate carboxylase has been reported up to 30 U / mg in Escherichia coli and 100-150 U / mg in high (J.
- circuit of FIG. 1 is 8 to 10, which is the simplest as compared with the known acetyl-CoA production circuit, and the number of enzymes to be imparted to the microorganism is small.
- the circuit of FIG. 1 does not include an enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA. Therefore, the circuit of FIG. 1 can be said to be an ideal circuit for fixing CO 2 and converting it to acetyl CoA.
- the circuit is independent of the glycolytic system, so that it can be freely combined with glycolytic systems of various routes.
- the pentose / phosphate pathway is frequently used for substance production because of the high production of NADPH (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-510411), but is independent of this circuit and can be easily combined.
- malate dehydrogenase mdh
- 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase glxR
- hydroxypyruvate reductase ycdW
- NADH or NADPH
- Malate thiokinase mtk
- glxK glycerate 3-kinase
- glycerate 2-kinase glycerate 2-kinase
- pyc pyruvate carboxylase
- Table 1 shows a balance equation of a route for consuming oxygen during fermentation in the fermentation route using acetyl CoA as an intermediate.
- a reduced coenzyme such as NADH
- the reduced coenzyme produced can be consumed by the circuit shown in FIG. 1 instead of oxygen, the reducing power produced during fermentation can be effectively utilized in the acetyl-CoA production circuit and produced by fixing CO 2. It is expected that it can be converted into a thing.
- the reduced coenzyme here is a coenzyme involved in redox, such as NADH, NADPH, FADH 2 , FMNH 2 , and reduced quinone coenzyme, and a coenzyme that is in a reduced state.
- NADH or NADPH Preferably NADH.
- the oxidized coenzyme is an oxidized form of a reduced coenzyme, and refers to, for example, NAD + , NADP + , FAD, FMN, oxidized quinone coenzyme, preferably NAD + or NADP + , more preferably NAD +. Point to.
- a reducing power may be applied by adding a substance capable of producing the reducing power or applying energy from the outside.
- a substance capable of producing the reducing power for example, using highly reduced substances (for example, hydrogen, sulfites, alcohols, paraffin, etc.) as substrates, directly supplying reducing energy by electroculture, supplying reducing power by biological photochemical reaction, etc.
- highly reduced substances for example, hydrogen, sulfites, alcohols, paraffin, etc.
- Such means can also be considered.
- the reducing power can be replenished from the outside, it is possible to drive the proposed carbonic acid fixation pathway even in the case of fermentation that does not generate reduced coenzyme as shown in Table 1.
- carbon dioxide (CO 2) fixed in the present invention, refers to the conversion of CO 2 that is supplied from the CO 2 and external occurring in glucose metabolism to organic compounds.
- CO 2 may be HCO 3 — .
- carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fixation may be referred to as “carbonic acid fixation”.
- the term “process” is not limited to an independent process, and is included in the term if the intended purpose of the process is achieved even when it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. .
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified. Means the total amount.
- inactivation means an enzyme measured by any existing measurement system (unless otherwise specified, “enzyme” in this specification includes “factor” which does not exhibit enzyme activity alone).
- the activity in the microorganism before inactivation is defined as 100, the activity is 1/10 or less.
- the “reduction” of the enzyme activity in the present invention refers to a state in which the activity of the enzyme is significantly reduced as compared with the state before the treatment by the gene recombination technique of the gene encoding the enzyme.
- the term “enhancement” of “activity” in the present invention broadly means that various enzyme activities in microorganisms before the enhancement increase after the enhancement. There are no particular limitations on the method of strengthening as long as the activity of various enzymes possessed by the microorganism is increased, strengthening by an enzyme gene introduced from outside the cell, strengthening by enhancing expression of the enzyme gene in the cell, and combinations thereof. Can be mentioned.
- the enhancement by an enzyme gene introduced from outside the cell is carried out by introducing a gene encoding an enzyme having a higher activity than the host-derived enzyme into the cell from outside the host microorganism by gene recombination technology. Add the enzyme activity of the introduced enzyme gene or replace this enzyme activity with the enzyme activity inherent in the host, and further increase the number of host-derived enzyme genes or extracellular enzyme genes to 2 or more And combinations thereof.
- the enhancement by enhancing the expression of the enzyme gene in the microorganism includes specifically introducing a base sequence that enhances the expression of the enzyme gene into the microorganism from outside the microorganism of the host microorganism, and the enzyme possessed by the host microorganism on the genome. Enhancing the expression of an enzyme gene by substituting the promoter of the gene with another promoter, and combinations thereof can be mentioned.
- “Providing” “activity” in the present invention broadly means that an enzyme gene is introduced from the outside to give a target enzyme activity to a microorganism that cannot find the target enzyme gene.
- the method of impartation is not particularly limited as long as the activity of the target enzyme is given to the microorganism, and includes transformation with a plasmid carrying the enzyme gene, introduction of the enzyme gene into the genome, and combinations thereof. it can.
- the promoter used in “enhancement” or “giving” of “activity” is not particularly limited as long as it can express a gene, but a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter can be used.
- KEGG Knowhouse of Genes and Genomes; http://www.genome.jp/kegg/
- NCBI Reference is made to the genetic information of each strain registered in National Center for Biotechnology Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/). In the present invention, only the gene information of each strain registered in KEGG or NCBI is used.
- the enzyme activity can be imparted, for example, by introducing a gene encoding the enzyme into the cell from the outside of the host bacterium by gene recombination technology.
- the introduced enzyme gene may be the same or different from the host cell.
- the phrase “by gene recombination technology” or the like means that a change in the nucleotide sequence is caused by the insertion of another DNA into the nucleotide sequence of the native gene, or the substitution, deletion or combination of a part of the gene Any occurrences may be included, for example, may be obtained as a result of mutation.
- a microorganism in which the activity of a factor or an enzyme is inactivated refers to a microorganism whose native activity is impaired by some method from outside the cell to inside the cell.
- These microorganisms can be produced, for example, by destroying a gene encoding the protein or enzyme (gene disruption).
- the gene disruption includes a mutation in the base sequence of the gene, insertion of another DNA, and deletion of a certain part of the gene so that the function of the gene cannot be exhibited. Can be mentioned.
- the gene cannot be transcribed into mRNA, and the structural gene is not translated.
- the amino acid sequence of the translated structural protein is mutated or deleted, and the original function cannot be exhibited.
- the gene-disrupted strain can be produced by any method as long as a disrupted strain that does not express the enzyme or protein is obtained.
- Various methods of gene disruption have been reported (natural breeding, addition of mutagen, UV irradiation, irradiation, random mutation, transposon, site-specific gene disruption), but only certain genes can be disrupted Thus, gene disruption by homologous recombination is preferred.
- the method by homologous recombination is described in J. Org. Bacteriol. 161, 1219-1221 (1985) and J. MoI. Bacteriol. , 177, 1511-1519 (1995) and Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 97, 6640-6645 (2000). These methods and their applications can be easily implemented by engineers in the same industry.
- the “host” means a microorganism that is in a state where the effects of the present invention can be exhibited as a result of introducing one or more genes from outside the microorganism.
- the “host” in the present invention has the ability to produce acetyl CoA from a carbon source material by using any means, regardless of whether or not it originally has the ability to produce acetyl CoA from a carbon source material. Means a possible microorganism.
- the “host” in the present invention may have a production path for useful metabolites.
- the “useful metabolite” in the present invention means a general term for main metabolites in the metabolic pathway of microorganisms, including alcohols, amino acids, organic acids and terpenes.
- the microorganism may be any microorganism that can have the ability to produce a useful metabolite by using any means regardless of whether or not it has the ability to produce a useful metabolite.
- “useful metabolite derived from acetyl CoA” means a generic name of useful metabolites produced via acetyl CoA on the metabolic pathway.
- the alcohol include isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, butanol and the like.
- amino acids include L-glutamic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, L-leucine, L-proline and the like.
- organic acids examples include 3-hydroxybutyric acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid, polyglutamic acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methacrylic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, Examples include butyric acid, caproic acid, and mevalonic acid.
- terpenes examples include isoprene, squalene, steroids and carotenoids. Besides these, for example, acetone and the like can be mentioned.
- a microorganism that can have the ability to produce a useful metabolite derived from acetyl CoA by using any means regardless of whether or not it has the ability to produce a useful metabolite derived from acetyl CoA. That's fine.
- the “production of acetyl CoA” means conversion of some substance to acetyl CoA on the metabolic pathway.
- Acetyl-CoA is a metabolic intermediate that is rapidly converted into various substances on the metabolic pathway, so the apparent amount of acetyl-CoA does not always increase, but the substance derived from acetyl-CoA is labeled with CO 2.
- the effect can be indirectly grasped, for example, by detecting the yield of acetyl-CoA and increasing the sugar yield of the substance derived from acetyl-CoA.
- Factors involved in the conversion are various (coenzyme amount, substrate mass, metabolic change due to feedback inhibition, etc.), but the amount of acetyl CoA produced is not necessarily proportional to the amount of all acetyl CoA-derived substances. If the production route from acetyl CoA to a specific substance is strengthened or originally strong (for example, in the case of the following isopropyl alcohol-producing microorganism or glutamic acid-producing microorganism), the conversion efficiency after acetyl CoA is an external factor. Therefore, the production efficiency of the substance can be regarded as an index of acetyl-CoA production efficiency.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to the present invention includes (a), (b), (b), (b), (c), (d) and a microorganism not having any of (e) below. c) and (d) are not imparted, or do not exert their functions when imparted, malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, And an acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism having an acetyl-CoA production circuit obtained by imparting at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of hydroxypyruvate reductase.
- A a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid
- B a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvate
- C a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA
- D a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid
- E At least one selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism is preferably provided with enzyme activities of malate thiokinase and malyl CoA lyase, and provided with enzyme activities of malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase and glyoxylate carboligase. More preferably, the enzyme activity of malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase and / or hydroxypyruvate reductase is imparted. Is more preferable.
- the term “(native) does not have” in the present invention means that the host microorganism does not originally have in nature.
- the “carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid” in this specification refers to the following circuits (1) to (7).
- FIG. Of International Publication No. 2011/099006 pamphlet. 1 is a circuit in which acetyl CoA shown in 1 is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, propionyl CoA, malic acid, and malyl CoA.
- FIG. Of WO 2011/099006 is a circuit in which acetyl CoA shown in 1 is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, propionyl CoA, malic acid, and malyl CoA.
- FIG. 2011/099006 A circuit in which acetyl CoA shown in 4A is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, malonic acid semialdehyde, ⁇ -alanine, malic acid, malyl CoA (3) FIG. In WO 2011/099006 .
- FIG. 8 is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, malonic semialdehyde or hydroxypropionic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, malyl CoA (5) International Publication No. 2011/099006 FIG. Circuit in which acetyl CoA shown in 9A, 9B or 9C is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, hydroxypropionic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, malyl CoA (6) International Publication No. 2011/099006 FIG.
- FIG. 1 A circuit in which acetyl CoA shown in 9D or 9F is converted back into acetyl CoA via malonyl CoA, hydroxypropionic acid, methylmalonyl CoA, malic acid, malyl CoA (7) International Publication No. 2011/099006 pamphlet
- FIG. A circuit in which acetyl CoA shown in 17 is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, malonic acid semialdehyde or hydroxypropionic acid, methylmalonyl CoA, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, malic acid, malyl CoA.
- the carbonic acid fixation circuit of (1) to (7) above has an enzyme reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid. These reactions are catalyzed by malonic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase or malonyl CoA reductase (WO 2011/099006). Such reduction reaction of carboxylic acid or its (thio) ester such as reduction of succinyl CoA and malonyl CoA is generally difficult as an enzyme reaction, and it is desirable to avoid as much as possible as a fermentation route. (Atsumi et al., Nature, 451, (3), 86-89, 2008; Yim et al., Nat. Chem. Biol., 7, 445-452, 2011).
- the “carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvic acid” in the present specification refers to the following circuits (8) to (10).
- FIG. 1 is converted to acetyl CoA again via pyruvic acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid, malic acid, malyl CoA (9)
- FIG. 1 of WO 2011/099006 pamphlet Circuit in which acetyl CoA shown in 9M is converted to acetyl CoA again via pyruvic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, and malyl CoA
- the carbonic acid fixing circuits of (8) to (10) have an enzyme reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvic acid in common. Pyruvate synthase catalyzes this reaction (WO 2011/099006 pamphlet).
- the synthesis reaction of pyruvic acid by pyruvate synthase requires a strong reducing power via ferredoxin, and the reaction is slow, and since it is weak against oxygen, the reaction does not proceed under extreme anaerobic conditions.
- the “carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzyme reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA” in the present specification refers to FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2011/099006.
- Crotonyl CoA carboxylase-reductase or methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethyl malonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA.
- Crotonyl CoA carboxylase-reductase has a high Km for carbonate (14 mM; PNAS 104 (25) 10631-10636, (2007)) and cannot be expected to have activity in a low concentration range.
- the substrate crotonyl-CoA is produced from 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA by dehydration.
- such an enzyme usually has a sufficient rate of hydration in the reverse reaction under an aqueous environment. I can't expect.
- methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase has a reported specific activity that is not very high (0.2-0.6 U / mg; Arch Biochem Biophys. 310 (1) 64-75 (1994)), as above.
- the “carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzyme reaction from CO 2 to formic acid” refers to FIG. 5.
- That "no carbonate fixing circuit is functioning" is test using labeled CO 2, is not detected label from CO 2 in material derived from metabolites or their metabolites in the circuit or the circuit It can be indirectly grasped by, for example, no increase in the sugar yield of the substance derived from the metabolite.
- the acetyl-CoA production circuit constructed in the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism is a pathway including malate thiokinase, malyl-CoA lyase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, glyoxylate carboligase, or 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase.
- An example of such an acetyl CoA production circuit is shown in FIG.
- the acetyl-CoA production circuit does not have an enzyme that consumes acetyl-CoA, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase or pyruvate synthase.
- carbon dioxide is first subjected to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc), pyruvate carboxylase (pyc), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck), and the like. Alternatively, it binds to pyruvic acid and is converted to oxaloacetic acid. Oxaloacetic acid is converted to malic acid by the action of malate dehydrogenase (mdh). Malate is converted to malyl-CoA (malate CoA) by the action of malate thiokinase (mtk).
- ppc phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
- pyc pyruvate carboxylase
- pck phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Malyl CoA (Colic acid malate) is converted to acetyl CoA and glyoxylic acid by the action of malyl CoA lyase (Mcl).
- Glyoxylic acid is converted to 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid by the action of glyoxylic acid carboligase (gcl).
- 3-hydroxy-2-oxopropionic acid is converted to glyceric acid by the action of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid reductase (glxR) or hydroxypyruvine by the action of hydroxypyruvate isomerase (hyi).
- glyceric acid After being converted to an acid, it is converted to glyceric acid by the action of hydroxypyruvate reductase (ycdW).
- Glyceric acid is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by the action of glycerate 3-kinase (glxK), or converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by the action of glycerate 2-kinase (garK).
- 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate by the action of phosphoglycerate mutase (gpm).
- 2-Phosphoglyceric acid is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by the action of enolase (eno).
- eno phosphoenolpyruvate
- the enzyme activity imparted to the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism may be any enzyme as long as the acetyl-CoA production circuit is functionally constructed as a result of imparting, within the scope described in this specification, depending on the host microorganism. It can be selected appropriately. Since a part of the enzyme on the circuit of FIG. 1 is not retained, it is necessary to provide a deficient enzyme in a microorganism in which a closed circuit is not formed by any route of FIG. Among bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia, for example, Escherichia coli does not have malate thiokinase and malyl CoA lyase.
- Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis do not have malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glyoxylate carboligase, at least malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glyoxylate carboligase may be added.
- coryneform bacteria for example, Corynebacterium glutamicum does not have malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, and hydroxypyruvate reductase.
- At least malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase and / or hydroxypyruvate reductase may be added.
- the enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA refers to an enzyme that converts acetyl-CoA as a substrate to another substance, excluding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase, which are used in the circuit of the present invention.
- an acetyl CoA carboxylase that is classified into enzyme number 6.4.1.2 and converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA, according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, Examples include pyruvate synthase which is classified under the number 1.2.7.1 and converts acetyl CoA to pyruvate.
- the circuit including the enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA refers to a closed circuit in which acetyl CoA returns to acetyl CoA again through the circuit by the enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA.
- a substance converted by an enzyme that consumes acetyl-CoA is converted into another product without returning to acetyl-CoA (for example, when converted into isopropyl alcohol as a final product in the isopropyl alcohol production route) ), Since it is not a closed circuit, it is not included in the “circuit including an enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA”.
- the closed circuit refers to a path starting from an arbitrary substance on the circuit, converted to another substance via the circuit, and finally converted to the same substance as the first.
- the malate thiokinase is classified into enzyme number 6.2.1.9 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and binds malic acid and CoA to form malyl CoA. It is a general term for enzymes that convert to. During the reaction, one molecule of ATP is consumed and one molecule of ADP and phosphoric acid are produced. This enzyme is composed of a large subunit of about 400 amino acids and a 300 amino acid small subunit. On genes, they usually exist in the order of large subunit, small subunit. In this patent, for convenience, the large subunit is referred to as mtkB and the small subunit is referred to as mtkA. As the specific activity of this enzyme, for example, an example of 2.5 U / mg for a purified enzyme has been reported (Anal Biochem. 227 (2), 363-367 (1995)).
- This enzyme is an assimilation pathway of C1 carbon sources such as methane (J. Bacteriol. 176 (23), 7398-7404 (1994)) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid pathway (Arch. Microbiol., 151, 252-256 (1989). )), And is characterized by the presence of malyl-CoA lyase in the vicinity of the genome.
- C1 carbon sources such as methane (J. Bacteriol. 176 (23), 7398-7404 (1994)
- 3-hydroxypropionic acid pathway (Arch. Microbiol., 151, 252-256 (1989). )
- malyl-CoA lyase in the vicinity of the genome.
- Such an enzyme can be preferably used.
- An example of activity evaluation with a purified enzyme is known as malate thiokinase derived from Methylobacterium extroxen, but there is little contrast between the actual sequence and activity, and an example where activity and sequence were evaluated simultaneously Is the only enzyme derived from the Methylobacterium extratrogen AM1 strain (Genbank Accession Number AAA62654 and AAA62655) (J. Bacteriol. 176 (23), 7398-7404 (1994)).
- a gene is cloned and introduced into the same methylobacterium exotroen to evaluate the activity. However, when we actually synthesized and evaluated this sequence, no activity was observed.
- AAA62655 when comparing the sequence of AAA62655 with the malate thiokinase sequence (SEQ ID NO: 126) derived from Methylobacterium exotroens newly obtained in the present invention, AAA62655 has a large deletion (36 amino acids) of the carboxylic acid terminal. Since it is abnormally short compared to other malate thiokinase sequences (for example, FIG. 3), it is considered that an erroneous inactive sequence is described.
- the present invention is practically the first example in which malate thiokinase was actually cloned, expressed from a heterologous microorganism, and the activity and the sequence were reported.
- Malate thiokinase is derived, for example, from the genus Methylobacteria (SEQ ID NOs: 70 and 71), such as Methylobacterium extorquens, Hyphomicrobium methylovolum, Hyphomicrobium.
- Hyphomicrobium such as Hyphomicrobium denitrificans, derived from the genus Rhizobium such as Rhizobium sp NGR234, and derived from the genus 107 of Granulibacter bethesdensis And 108
- Nitrosomonas Europia (Nitro) omonas europaea) from Nitrosomonas such, Methylococcus Kyapusuratasu (Methylococcus capsulatus) from Methylococcus genus such include those derived from gamma-proteobacteria field.
- amino acid sequences derived from Hyphomicrobium SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 74, 110 and 111 and amino acid sequences derived from Rhizobium (SEQ ID NOs: 75 and 76) are particularly preferable.
- Amino acid sequences derived from the genus Nitrosomonas SEQ ID NOs: 113 and 114
- amino acid sequences derived from the genus Methylococcus SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 117
- amino acid sequences derived from the gamma proteobacteria for example, SEQ ID NOs: 118 and 119. Is done.
- Malate thiokinase from SEQ ID NO: 73, 74 and 110 and 111, Malate thiokinase from Rhizobium (SEQ ID NO: 75 and 76) and Malate thiokinase from genus Nitrosomonas (SEQ ID NO: 113 and 114) have a homology of 65% to 80%.
- malate thiokinase (SEQ ID NOs: 116 and 117) derived from Methylococcus has 70% to 80% homology with malate thiokinase (eg, SEQ ID NOs: 118 and 119) derived from gamma proteobacteria.
- Malate thiokinase having 70% or more homology in each amino acid sequence and having malate thiokinase activity with respect to tothiokinase is preferably used for producing useful products derived from acetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA of the present invention. it can.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B The alignment results of malate thiokinase shown in the Examples are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B (MtkB: large subunit of mtk) (hereinafter, FIGS. 2A and 2B are collectively referred to as “FIG. 2”), and FIGS. 3A and 3B. (MtkA: mtk small subunit) (Hereinafter, FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are collectively referred to as “FIG. 3”). As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, it was revealed that malate thiokinase generally has a consensus sequence with high homology conserved between the same amino acids or similar amino acids.
- Methylobacterium Extruence (denoted as Me in FIGS. 2 and 3), Rhizobium sp with high enzyme activity (denoted as Rh in FIGS. 2 and 3), Hyphomicrobium methylovolum (FIGS. 2 and 3)
- Hme Hyhomicrobium denitrificans
- Nitrosomonas europia (indicated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 as Ne)
- Methylococcus capsuleatus see figure) 2 and FIG. 3)
- malate thiokinase derived from gamma proteobacteria (indicated as “gam” in FIGS. 2 and 3) are divided into four groups from the first group to the fourth group shown below. 2 and 3, each group is indicated by four symbols “. + ##”.
- the first group is Methylobacterium Extorcence, with high enzyme activity Rhizobium sp Are sites having different sequences, and are indicated by the symbol “.” In FIGS. The position of the sequence is described according to the amino acid SEQ ID NO of Methylobacterium extremens.
- MtkB 18th histidine, proline or lysine, 21st arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid or alanine, 26th tyrosine or histidine, 29th glutamic acid, alanine or arginine, 34th arginine or valine 36th arginine, serine or glutamic acid, 42nd arginine, threonine, valine or glycine, 44th valine, 66th aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine or leucine, 67th histidine, lysine or glutamic acid, 74 Th aspartic acid or glutamic acid, 75th serine, phenylalanine, alanine or glutamic acid, 80th threonine, lysine Histidine, 84th histidine or proline, 89th glutamine, alanine, glycine or lysine, 92
- MtkA (FIG. 3), the 16th phenylalanine, the 19th lysine, arginine, glutamic acid or glutamine, the 20th isoleucine or histidine, the 30th arginine or aspartic acid, the 46th glutamine, threonine or serine, the 47th Alanine, serine, lysine or arginine, 49th leucine or proline, 51st methionine, arginine or leucine, 67th aspartic acid or glutamic acid, 68th alanine or valine, 71st valine or isoleucine, 74th proline 90th isoleucine, 93rd cysteine, alanine or isoleucine, 94th valine, 119th aspartic acid, alanine or seri 121th methionine, serine or cysteine, 124th isoleucine, threonine or leucine, 137th
- the second group is a consensus sequence characteristic of all Rhizobium sp. It is indicated by the symbol “+”
- the position of the characteristic consensus sequence is described according to the amino acid SEQ ID NO of Hyphomicrobium methyloborum. Examples include the 43rd valine, 120th isoleucine, 143th isoleucine, 192nd alanine, 230th glutamic acid, 232rd arginine, 248th glycine and 255th aspartic acid of MtkB (FIG. 2).
- MtkA (FIG. 2).
- the third group is a consensus sequence characteristic of Rhizobium sp, Hyphomicrobium methylobolum, Hyhomicrobium denitrificans and Nitrosomonas europia, and is indicated by the symbol “#” in FIGS.
- the position of the characteristic consensus sequence is described according to the amino acid SEQ ID NO of Hyphomicrobium methyloborum. MtkB (FIG.
- the fourth group is a consensus sequence characteristic of Methylococcus capsulatus and gamma proteobacteria and is indicated by the symbol “*” in FIGS.
- the position of the characteristic consensus sequence is described along the amino acid SEQ ID NO of Methylococcus capsulatus. MtkB (Fig.
- MtkA (Fig. 3), 4th phenylalanine, 5th valine, 6th asparagine, 8th histidine, 9th serine, 11th valine, 12th isoleucine, 20th histidine, 28th alanine 30th arginine, 33th threonine, 56th leucine, 60th aspartic acid, 72nd aspartic acid, 73th valine, 91st isoleucine, 96th arginine, 97th valine, 102nd Alanine, 107th valine, 111th isoleucine, 114th glutamine, 117th arginine, 119th glycine, 121st aspartic acid, 129th threonine, 130th proline, 134th threonine, 137 Th glutamic acid, 1 8th cysteine, 139th lysine, 140th valine, 163rd asparagine, 168th glutamic acid, 175th
- malate thiokinase gene a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding malate thiokinase obtained from each of the above-described organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. can do.
- Preferred are those derived from the genus Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium Extorcus (SEQ ID NOs: 110 and 111), Hyphomicrobium, Hyphomicrobium such as Hyphomicrobium denitrificans, etc.
- acetyl-CoA preferably from the genus Hyphomicrobium (SEQ ID NOs: 61 and 62, SEQ ID NOs: 86 and 87), from Rhizobium (for example, SEQ ID NO: 63), from the genus Granulibacter (SEQ ID NO: 81 and 82), derived from the genus Nitrosomonas (SEQ ID NOs: 91 and 92), derived from the genus Methylococcus (SEQ ID NOs: 96 and 97), and the DNA having the base sequence (SEQ ID NOs: 102 and 103) derived from the gamma proteobacteria genus Is done.
- SEQ ID NOs: 61 and 62, SEQ ID NOs: 86 and 87 from Rhizobium (for example, SEQ ID NO: 63), from the genus Granulibacter (SEQ ID NO: 81 and 82), derived from the genus Nitrosomonas (SEQ ID NOs
- the base sequence of a gene derived from the genus Hyphomicrobium (SEQ ID NOs: 63 and 64, SEQ ID NOs: 86 and 87), and the base sequence of a gene derived from Rhizobium with optimized codons (for example, SEQ ID NO: 63), nitroso
- the nucleotide sequence of the gene derived from the genus Monas (SEQ ID NOs: 91 and 92), the nucleotide sequence of the gene derived from the genus Methylococcus (SEQ ID NO: 96 and 97), and the nucleotide sequence of the gene derived from the gamma proteobacteria (SEQ ID NOs: 102 and 103) Illustrated.
- the malyl CoA lyase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.3.24 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (IUB) enzyme committee, and produces glyoxylic acid and acetyl CoA from malyl CoA. It is an enzyme.
- Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium extorquens
- Hyphomicrobium such as Hyphomicrobium methylobolum, Hyhomicrobium denitificans, Chloroflexus aurantix, etc.
- From the genus Chloroflexus from the genus Nitrosomonas such as Europia, and from the genus Methylococcus such as Methylococcus capsuleatus.
- amino acid sequences derived from the genus Methylobacterium SEQ ID NO: 69
- amino acid sequences derived from the genus Hyphomicrobium SEQ ID NOs: 72 and 109
- amino acid sequences derived from the genus Nitrosomonas SEQ ID NO: 112
- an amino acid sequence derived from the genus Methylococcus SEQ ID NO: 115
- As the specific activity of malyl-CoA lyase for example, there is a report of 28.1 U / mg as a purified enzyme in Methylobacterium extroense (Biochem. J. 139, 399-405, (1974)).
- malyl CoA lyase gene a DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding malyl CoA lyase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. can do. Suitable examples include those derived from the genus Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium Extorcence, those derived from the genus Hyphomicrobium such as Hyphomicrobium methyloborum, Hyhomicrobium denitificans, Chloroflexus Examples thereof include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from the genus Chloroflexus such as Aurantax.
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from the genus Methylobacterium and a gene derived from the genus Hyphomicrobium is particularly preferable.
- a particularly preferred base sequence of a gene derived from the genus Methylobacteria an example of a base sequence of a gene derived from Methylobacterum extrugens (SEQ ID NO: 66) as an example of a base sequence of a gene derived from Hyphomicrobium are examples of the base sequence of the gene derived from Hyphomicrobium methyloborum (SEQ ID NO: 60), the base sequence of the gene derived from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans (SEQ ID NO: 85), and the base sequence of the gene derived from the genus Nitrosomonas.
- the acetyl CoA carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 6.4.1.2 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and converts acetyl CoA and CO 2 to malonyl CoA. It refers to the generic name of enzymes.
- the malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase is classified into enzyme number 1.2.1.18 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, from malonyl CoA to malonate semialdehyde. And the generic name of the enzyme that converts.
- the malonyl CoA reductase is a generic term for enzymes that convert malonyl CoA into malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid.
- the crotonyl CoA carboxylase-reductase is classified into enzyme number 1.3.1.85 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and converts crotonyl CoA to ethylmalonyl CoA. It refers to the generic name of enzymes.
- the methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 6.4.1.4 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (IUB) enzyme committee, and converts crotonyl CoA to glutaconyl CoA.
- the pyruvate synthase is classified into the enzyme number 1.2.7.1 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and is an enzyme that converts acetyl-CoA to pyruvate. Refers generically.
- the activity of at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of lactate dehydrogenase, malate synthase, and fumarate hydratase is preferably inactivated or reduced. Thereby, acetyl CoA can be produced more efficiently.
- malate synthase is a reaction that converts acetyl CoA and glyoxylate into malate, and malate thiol. This is a reverse reaction of the reaction by kinase and malyl CoA lyase, and the reaction of returning acetyl CoA and glyoxylic acid back to malic acid is prevented or reduced, which leads to an improvement in the yield of acetyl CoA.
- fumarate hydratase among the enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase, malate synthase, and fumarate hydratase, which can be targets for inactivation or reduction of activity, from the viewpoint of production efficiency of acetyl CoA.
- malic acid can be prevented from being converted into other substances such as fumaric acid and the amount thereof can be prevented, leading to an improvement in the yield of acetyl CoA.
- lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.18 according to the International Biochemical Union (IUB) enzyme committee report, and converts pyruvate into lactic acid, or A generic term for enzymes that perform the reverse conversion.
- aceA The isocitrate lyase (aceA) is classified into enzyme number 4.1.3.1 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee. It is a generic term for enzymes that convert to.
- the malate synthase (aceB and glcB) is classified into enzyme number 2.3.3.9 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and acetyl CoA and glyoxylic acid are A generic term for enzymes that convert malic acid into CoA.
- Malate synthase may have a plurality of isomers in the genome depending on the microorganism. Many E. coli have genes with two names, aceB and glcB, so both are described in this patent. In Pantoea ananatis and Corynebacterium glutamicum, there is one kind of gene corresponding to aceB or glcB, but in this patent, it is described as aceB for convenience.
- the fumarate hydratase (fum) is classified into enzyme number 4.2.1.2 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and converts malic acid to fumaric acid. It refers to the generic name of enzymes.
- Fumarate hydratase may have a plurality of isomers in the genome depending on the microorganism. For example, Escherichia coli possesses three types of fumarate hydratase: fumA, fumB, and fumC. Pantoea Ananatis owns fumA and fumC. Corynebacterium glutamicum has fumC.
- the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.1.31 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee.
- a generic term for enzymes that convert to acetic acid and phosphoric acid For example, Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum, Hyphomicrobium genus Bacteria, Starkeya novaella and other Starkella genus bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas sp. And other Rhodopseudomonas sp. Genus Streptomyces coelicolor genus Streptomyces coelicolores Is mentioned.
- the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene is a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a synthesis synthesized based on the known base sequence.
- DNA sequences can be used.
- Preferred examples include Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, and Hyphomicrobium methyllobum hyphophores.
- the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is an enzyme number 4.1.1.32, an enzyme number 4.1.1.38, an enzyme according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (IUB) enzyme committee.
- No. 4.1.1.49 which is a generic term for enzymes that convert phosphoenolpyruvate and carbon dioxide into oxaloacetate.
- enzyme number 4.1.1.32 is a reaction for converting GDP to GTP
- enzyme number 4.1.1.38 is a reaction for converting phosphate to pyrophosphate
- enzyme number 4.1.1.49. Is accompanied by a reaction to convert ADP to ATP.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Actinobacillus such as Actinobacillus succinogenes
- bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium such as Mycobacterium smegmatis
- bacteria belonging to the genus Trypanosoma brucei such as Trypanosoma bruce Can be mentioned.
- the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (pck) is synthesized based on DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a known base sequence thereof. Synthetic DNA sequences can be used. Preferable examples include Actinobacillus succinogenes and the like, Actinobacillus genus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and other Mycobacterium genus, Trypanosoma bruceo tropiob rioceum trypium The thing derived from genus bacteria is mentioned.
- the pyruvate carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 6.4.1.1 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and converts pyruvate and carbon dioxide into oxaloacetate. It refers to the generic name of enzymes.
- ATP is consumed and ADP and phosphoric acid are produced.
- Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, Mycobacterium bacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis The thing of origin is mentioned.
- the pyruvate carboxylase gene is a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence Can be used.
- Preferred examples include Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium such as Mycobacterium smegmatis. Examples thereof include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacteria.
- the malate dehydrogenase is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.37 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, using NADH as a coenzyme, from oxaloacetate to apple.
- the malate dehydrogenase gene (mdh) DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding malate dehydrogenase obtained from each of the above-described organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. can do.
- Preferable examples include DNA having the base sequence of genes derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum
- Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli
- Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the glyoxylate carboligase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.1.47 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and two molecules of glyoxylic acid are converted into two molecules of glyoxylic acid.
- the reaction involves decarboxylation of one molecule of carbon dioxide. Examples include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Rhodococcus bacteria such as Rhodococcus josti.
- the glyoxylate carboligase gene (gcl) is a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding glyoxylate carboligase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence Can be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a genus Rhodococcus such as Rhodococcus josti or a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli.
- the 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.60 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee. Used as a general term for enzymes that convert 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid to glyceric acid. Examples include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and those derived from Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
- the 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase gene (glxR) is a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a known one thereof A synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the base sequence of can be used. Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli.
- the hydroxypyruvate isomerase is classified into enzyme number 5.3.1.22, based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid.
- the generic term for enzymes that isomerize into hydroxypyruvic acid examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the hydroxypyruvate isomerase gene (hyi) is a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding hydroxypyruvate isomerase obtained from each of the aforementioned derived organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence Can be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having the base sequence of genes derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the hydroxypyruvate reductase is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.1.81 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and uses NADH or NADPH as a coenzyme.
- a generic term for enzymes that convert pyruvate to glycerate examples thereof include those derived from Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the hydroxypyruvate reductase gene is a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence Can be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the glycerate 3-kinase is classified into enzyme number 2.7.1.31 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and glyceric acid is converted into 3-phosphoglyceric acid. And the generic name of the enzyme that converts.
- One molecule of ATP is consumed and one molecule of ADP and phosphoric acid are produced. Examples include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and those derived from Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
- the glycerate 3-kinase gene (glxK) in the present invention is synthesized based on DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding glycerate 3-kinase obtained from each of the aforementioned derived organisms or a known base sequence thereof. Synthetic DNA sequences can be used. Preferable examples include DNA having the base sequence of genes derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the glyceric acid 2-kinase is classified into enzyme number 2.7.1.165 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and glyceric acid is converted into 2-phosphoglyceric acid. And the generic name of the enzyme that converts. One molecule of ATP is consumed and one molecule of ADP and phosphoric acid are produced. Examples include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and those derived from Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
- the glycerate 2-kinase gene (garK) in the present invention is synthesized based on DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding glycerate 2-kinase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a known base sequence thereof. Synthetic DNA sequences can be used. Preferable examples include DNA having the base sequence of genes derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the phosphoglycerate mutase is classified into enzyme number 5.4.2.1 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate.
- a generic term for enzymes that convert to acid examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding a phosphoglycerate mutase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence can be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having the base sequence of genes derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the enolase is classified into enzyme number 4.2.1.11 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee and converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. It refers to the generic name of enzymes. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the enolase gene (eno) DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding enolase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence can be used. .
- Preferable examples include DNA having the base sequence of genes derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum
- Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli
- Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the pyruvate kinase is classified into enzyme number 2.7.1.40 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee. Pyruvate and ATP are converted from phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP. It refers to the generic name of the enzyme that is produced. Examples include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- pyruvate kinase gene a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding pyruvate kinase obtained from each of the aforementioned derived organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. can do.
- Preferable examples include DNA having the base sequence of genes derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism may have a pathway for producing other metabolites using acetyl-CoA as a raw material in addition to a pathway for converting acetyl-CoA into a useful metabolite, or the other metabolism Enzymatic activity associated with the pathway for producing the product may be enhanced.
- the useful metabolite derived from acetyl CoA can be generated from the carbon source material and carbon dioxide, and the productivity of the useful metabolite derived from acetyl CoA can be improved.
- the microorganism used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not have any of the following (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e).
- (A) a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid (B) a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvate, (C) a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA, (D) a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid, (E) At least one selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase.
- microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae or microorganisms belonging to coryneform bacteria include microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae or microorganisms belonging to coryneform bacteria. Specific examples include microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia bacteria and Pantoea bacteria, microorganisms belonging to coryneform bacteria such as Corynebacterium bacteria and Brevibacterium bacteria, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes, etc. It is done. Examples of microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae include bacteria belonging to the genus Enterobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Providencia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Morganella, Erwinia, etc.
- Corynebacterium bacteria include Corynebacterium glutamicum.
- the Escherichia bacterium is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Escherichia coli.
- Specific examples of Escherichia coli include Escherichia coli W3110 (ATCC 27325) and Escherichia coli MG1655 (ATCC 47076) derived from the prototype wild type K12 strain.
- Enterobacter bacteria examples include Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter aerogenes, and the like. Specifically, a strain exemplified in European Patent Application Publication No. 952221 can be used. A representative strain of the genus Enterobacter is Enterobacter agglomerans ATCC 12287 strain.
- Pantoea ananatis Pantoea stewartii
- Pantoea agglomerans Pantoea citrea
- Pantoea Ananatis AJ13355 strain (FERM BP-6614)
- Pantoea Ananatis AJ13356 strain (FERM BP-6615)
- these strains are described as Enterobacter agglomerans in European Patent Application Publication No. 09522121, they are currently reclassified into Pantoea ananatis by 16S rRNA base sequence analysis and the like as described above. Has been.
- the coryneform bacterium of the present invention refers to the genus Corynebacterium, the genus Brevibacterium, the microbacteria um, or the microbacterium um This refers to microorganisms belonging to In addition, microorganisms (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 41, 255 (1991)) that have been classified as Brevibacterium but have been reclassified as Corynebacterium, and related bacteria. Examples include microorganisms belonging to the genus Brevibacterium. Examples of coryneform bacteria are listed below.
- Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum ATCC 13870 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum ATCC 15806, Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATCC21511, Corynebacterium carnae ATCC 15991, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13020, 13032, 13060, Corynebacterium Lilium ATCC 15990, Corynebacterium merasecola ATCC 17965, Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes AJ12340 (FERM BP-1539), Corynebacterium herculis ATCC 13868, Brevibacterium divalicatam ATCC 14020, Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 140826AT, 2418 (FERM BP-2205), Brevibacterium immariophilum ATCC 14068, Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13869, Brevibacterium roseum ATCC 13825
- an acetyl CoA-producing microorganism in which thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, and acetoacetate decarboxylase activity are imparted or enhanced to the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia is preferable as the acetyl CoA-producing microorganism in the present invention. It is mentioned as one aspect.
- an acetyl CoA-producing microorganism in which thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, acetoacetate decarboxylase activity, and isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity are imparted to or enhanced by the bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia is also included in the present invention. Is a preferred embodiment of the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism.
- the thiolase is classified into enzyme number 2.3.1.9 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and catalyzes a reaction for producing acetoacetyl CoA from acetyl CoA.
- a generic term for enzymes As such, for example, Clostridium acetobutylicum (Clostridium acetobutylicum), Clostridium beijerinkii (Clostridium beijerinckii) genus Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli sp. .) Bacteria, Zogroa bacteria such as Zoogloea ramigera, Rhizobium sp.
- Bacteria, Bradyrizobium japonicum, etc. (Candida tropicali ), Caulobacter crecentus, etc., Streptomyces collinus, Streptomyces genus, Enterococcus faecalis, etc. Can be mentioned.
- thiolase gene DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding thiolase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence can be used.
- Preferable examples include Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beigerinki, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Halobacteria species, Zogroa bacteria such as Zugroa lamigera, Rhizobium species bacteria, Brady Bradyrizobium bacteria such as Rhizobium japonica, Candida bacteria such as Candida tropicalis, Caulobacter bacteria such as Caulobacter crescentus, Streptomyces genus bacteria such as Streptomyces colinas, Enterococcus faecalis
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Enterococcus bacteria such as.
- More preferable examples include those derived from prokaryotic organisms such as Clostridium bacteria and Escherichia bacteria, and particularly preferably a DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli. is there.
- the acetoacetate decarboxylase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.1.4 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and catalyzes a reaction for producing acetone from acetoacetate. It refers to the generic name of enzymes.
- Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium acetobutylicum
- Clostridium beijerinkii Clostridium beijerinkiii
- other Clostridium bacteria Bacillus polymyxa (Bacillus polymyxa) and other bacteria such as Bacillus polymyxa.
- acetoacetate decarboxylase gene a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding acetoacetate decarboxylase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. be able to.
- Preferable examples include those derived from Clostridium bacteria and those derived from Bacillus bacteria. Examples thereof include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Bacillus polymixa. Particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
- acetoacetate decarboxylase gene DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding acetoacetate decarboxylase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms can be used.
- Preferable examples include those derived from Clostridium bacteria and those derived from Bacillus bacteria. Examples thereof include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Bacillus polymixa. Particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
- the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.180 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and catalyzes a reaction for producing isopropyl alcohol from acetone.
- a generic term for enzymes As such a thing, the thing derived from Clostridium bacteria, such as Clostridium beijerinckii (Clostridium beijerinckii), is mentioned, for example.
- isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms can be used.
- Preferable examples include those derived from Clostridium bacteria, for example, DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium begerinki.
- the CoA transferase is classified into enzyme number 2.8.3.8 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and catalyzes a reaction for producing acetoacetate from acetoacetyl CoA. It refers to the generic name of enzymes.
- Clostridium acetobutylicum (Clostridium acetobutylicum), Clostridium beijerinkii (Clostridium beijerinkiii) and other Clostridium bacteria, Roseburia intestinalis (Roseburia intestinalis) bacteria, Faucaribacterium prasnitzii and other bacteria, Coprococcus genus, Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma, Escherichia coli and other Escherichia coli They include those derived from.
- CoA transferase gene DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding a CoA transferase obtained from each of the above-described organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence can be used. Suitable examples include Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum, Roseburia bacteria such as Roseburia intestinalis, Facalibacteria bacteria such as Fakaribacterium plausents, Coprococcus bacteria, Trypanosoma brucei, etc. DNA having the base sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Trypanosoma cerevisiae and Escherichia coli is exemplified.
- More preferable examples include those derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium and Escherichia, and particularly preferred are DNAs having the base sequences of genes derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum and Escherichia coli. *
- the four types of enzymes are preferably derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of Clostridium bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, and Escherichia bacteria, from the viewpoint of enzyme activity, and in particular, acetoacetate decarboxylase More preferably, the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase is derived from a Clostridium bacterium, and the CoA transferase activity and the thiolase activity are derived from an Escherichia bacterium.
- the above four types of enzymes are preferably derived from any one of Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beigelinki or Escherichia coli, and acetoacetate decarboxylase is an enzyme derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum. More preferably, the CoA transferase and the thiolase are each an enzyme derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli, and the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme derived from Clostridium begerinki.
- the acetoacetate decarboxylase activity is derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum
- the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase Sex is derived from Clostridium beijerinckii, and particularly preferably CoA transferase activity and thiolase activity is derived from Escherichia coli.
- the CoA transferase genes (atD and atoA) derived from E. coli and the thiolase gene (atoB) form an operon on the E. coli genome in the order of atoD, atoA, and atoB (Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 169 pp 42-52 Lauren Sallus Jenkins et al.), It is possible to simultaneously control the expression of the CoA transferase gene and the thiolase gene by modifying the promoter of atoD.
- the promoter responsible for the expression of both enzyme genes is compared with other promoters from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient isopropyl alcohol production ability. It is preferable to enhance the expression of both enzyme genes by substitution or the like.
- the promoter used for enhancing the expression of CoA transferase activity and thiolase activity include the aforementioned Escherichia coli-derived GAPDH promoter.
- acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism that produces other metabolites using acetyl-CoA as a raw material
- Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production system hereinafter referred to as “isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli”
- isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli is used as a host.
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli may be any Escherichia coli as long as introduction and modification of each gene imparting isopropyl alcohol-producing ability is possible. More preferably, it can be Escherichia coli preliminarily imparted with the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol, whereby isopropyl alcohol can be produced more efficiently.
- an isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli for example, acetoacetic acid decarboxylase activity, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, CoA transferase activity, and thiolase activity described in International Publication No. 2009/008377 pamphlet are imparted.
- Examples include isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli that can produce isopropyl alcohol.
- microorganisms described in International Publication No. 2009/094485, International Publication No. 2009/094485, International Publication No. 2009/046929, International Publication No. 2009/046929 are also examples of isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli. Can be mentioned.
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli is an Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production pathway and refers to an Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production ability introduced by a gene recombination technique.
- Such an isopropyl alcohol production system may be any as long as it allows the target Escherichia coli to produce isopropyl alcohol.
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to the present invention preferably has four kinds of enzyme activities from the outside of the cell, such as acetoacetate decarboxylase activity, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, CoA transferase activity, and thiolase activity described above.
- pIPA / B strain or pIaaa / B strain described in WO2009 / 008377 can be exemplified as an example of isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production system.
- the Escherichia coli contains CoA transferase activity and thiolase activity enhanced by enhancing the expression of each gene on the genome of the Escherichia coli.
- Enhancement of acetate decarboxylase activity includes strains in which the expression of each gene is enhanced with a plasmid (sometimes referred to herein as pIa / B :: toDAB strain).
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli of the present invention has the activity of the transcription repressing factor GntR inactivated, and maintains or enhances the isopropyl alcohol production system and the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol accompanying the inactivation of the activity of GntR.
- Isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli provided with an auxiliary enzyme group having an enzyme activity pattern may be used. Thereby, isopropyl alcohol can be produced at a higher rate.
- auxiliary enzyme group in the present invention refers to one or two or more enzymes that affect the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol.
- each enzyme activity of the auxiliary enzyme group is inactivated, activated or strengthened, and the “enzyme activity pattern of the auxiliary enzyme group” in the present invention is obtained only by inactivating the activity of GntR.
- the improved isopropyl alcohol production produced refers to the enzyme activity pattern of each enzyme that can be maintained or increased, including one or a combination of two or more enzymes.
- the enzyme activity pattern of the auxiliary enzyme group preferably, the following patterns can be mentioned: (1) maintenance of wild-type glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Pgi) activity, glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (Zwf) activity and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd) activity; (2) inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Pgi) activity and enhancement of glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (Zwf) activity; (3) Inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Pgi) activity, enhancement of glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (Zwf) activity, and inactivation of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd) activity .
- the enzyme activity pattern of the auxiliary enzyme group of (3) is more preferable from the viewpoint of the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol.
- the auxiliary enzyme group and its enzyme activity pattern are not limited to these, but include inactivation of GntR activity, and the auxiliary enzyme group and its enzyme activity pattern that can increase the amount of isopropyl alcohol produced in isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli. Any of these are included in the present invention.
- the auxiliary enzyme group does not necessarily need to be composed of a plurality of enzymes, and may be composed of one enzyme.
- the GntR refers to a transcription factor that negatively regulates an operon involved in gluconic acid metabolism via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
- the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Pgi) is classified into enzyme number 5.3.1.9 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and D-glucose- A generic term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of producing D-fructose-6-phosphate from 6-phosphate.
- the glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (Zwf) is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.149 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee.
- -A generic term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of producing D-glucono-1,5-lactone-6-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate examples include Aspergillus genus such as Dinococcus radiophilus, Aspergillus aceticus, Aspergillus aculeata, Aspergillus aculetus, etc.
- Acetobacter genus such as Acetobacter hansenii, Thermotoga genus such as Thermotoga maritima, Cryptococcus neoformans D. )of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginos etc.
- Pseudomonas genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae C Examples include those derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli.
- the glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (Zwf) gene was synthesized based on DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding a thiolase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a known base sequence thereof. Synthetic DNA sequences can be utilized. Preferable examples include Dinococcus genus bacteria such as Dinococcus radiophilus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus aceticus, and Aspergillus aceticus b.
- Acetobacter species such as Hansenii
- Thermotoga species such as Thermotoga maritima
- Cryptococcus neoformans such as Cryptococcus neoformans
- Dicchosterium diacodeum Pseudomonas fluescens Pseudomonas aeruginos and other Pseudomonas genus
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as E. coli. List those derived from prokaryotes such as Bacillus and Escherichia Can, particularly preferred is a DNA having the nucleotide sequence of a gene derived from Escherichia coli.
- the phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd) is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.144 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and 6-phospho-D-glucone.
- I.U.B. International Biochemical Union
- 6-phospho-D-glucone A generic term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of producing D-ribulose-5-phosphate and CO 2 from an acid.
- the activities of these enzymes in the present invention are those that are introduced from outside the cell into the cell, or the enzyme gene is strengthened by strengthening the promoter activity of the enzyme gene possessed by the host bacterium on the genome or by replacing it with another promoter. It can be expressed.
- E. coli with enhanced enzyme activity refers to E. coli with enhanced enzyme activity by some method.
- These Escherichia coli for example, introduce a gene encoding the enzyme and protein into the cell from outside the cell using a gene recombination technique similar to that described above, or the host Escherichia coli possesses in the genome.
- the enzyme gene can be produced by strengthening the promoter activity of the enzyme gene to be replaced or by strongly replacing the promoter gene with another promoter, or by using a combination of these methods.
- the promoter of the gene applicable to the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli is not particularly limited as long as it can control the expression of any of the above genes, but is a strong promoter that functions constantly in microorganisms and in the presence of glucose. However, promoters that are less susceptible to expression suppression are preferred. Specifically, a promoter of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as GAPDH) and a promoter of serine hydroxymethyltransferase can be exemplified.
- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- serine hydroxymethyltransferase serine hydroxymethyltransferase
- the promoter in the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli means a site where RNA polymerase having sigma factor binds and initiates transcription.
- the GAPDH promoter derived from Escherichia coli is described in base numbers 397 to 440 in the base sequence information of GenBank accession number X02662.
- lactate dehydrogenase (LdhA) may be destroyed. Thereby, since the production of lactic acid is suppressed even under culture conditions in which oxygen supply is restricted, isopropyl alcohol can be produced efficiently. Culture conditions with limited oxygen supply are generally 0.02 vvm to 2.0 vvm (vvm; aeration volume [mL] / liquid volume [mL] / hour [minute] when only air is used as a gas. ), which means a rotational speed of 200 to 600 rpm.
- the lactate dehydrogenase (LdhA) refers to an enzyme that generates D-lactic acid and NAD from pyruvate and NADH.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism can have only thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, and acetoacetate decarboxylase activity in the isopropyl alcohol production system when producing acetone. That is, when acetone is produced using the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism, those having no isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity can be used.
- Another example of a pathway for producing other metabolites using acetyl CoA as a raw material is a pathway for producing glutamic acid from acetyl CoA.
- a microorganism having a pathway for efficiently producing glutamic acid hereinafter sometimes referred to as “glutamic acid-producing microorganism”
- glutamic acid-producing microorganism a microorganism having a pathway for efficiently producing glutamic acid
- a microorganism can be mentioned as a suitable example of a microorganism having a pathway for producing the other metabolite, or a microorganism having enhanced enzyme activity related to the pathway for producing the other metabolite.
- glutamic acid-producing microorganisms include the microorganisms described above having the ability to produce L-amino acids.
- Specific examples of glutamic acid-producing microorganisms include Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia bacteria and Pantoea bacteria, and coryneform bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum.
- the microorganisms of the present invention are examples thereof. It is not limited.
- the glutamic acid-producing bacterium may be any microorganism as long as it can introduce and change each gene that imparts glutamic acid-producing ability. More preferably, it can be a Pantoea bacterium or a coryneform bacterium previously imparted with the ability to produce glutamate, whereby glutamate can be produced more efficiently.
- the method for imparting glutamic acid-producing ability to a microorganism includes, for example, modification so that the expression of a gene encoding an enzyme involved in L-glutamic acid biosynthesis is increased and / or overexpressed.
- L-glutamate biosynthetic enzymes include glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconite hydratase, citrate synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, enolase, phosphoglyceromutase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, fructose-2-phosphate
- glutamic acid-producing bacteria examples include glutamic acid-producing bacteria described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-278643.
- L-glutamic acid accumulating ability under acidic conditions As an L-glutamic acid-producing bacterium, the ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid in an amount exceeding the saturation concentration of L-glutamic acid in a liquid medium when cultured under acidic conditions (hereinafter referred to as L-glutamic acid accumulating ability under acidic conditions) May be used). For example, by obtaining a strain having improved resistance to L-glutamic acid under a low pH environment by the method described in European Patent Publication No. 1078989, the ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid in an amount exceeding the saturation concentration can be imparted. it can.
- microorganisms having an ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid under acidic conditions are specifically Pantoea ananatis AJ13356 strain (FERM BP-6615) and AJ13601 strain (FERM BP-7207) (European Patent Application Publication No. 0952211). For example).
- Pantoea Ananatis AJ13356 was established by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Institute of Industrial Science, Biotechnology Institute of Technology (current name: National Institute for Product Evaluation Technology, Patent Biological Depositary Center (IPOD, NITE), postal code) Deposit number FERM P-16645 at Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 1-chome, 1st 305-866, Ibaraki Prefecture, and transferred to an international deposit based on the Budapest Treaty on January 11, 1999, with accession number FERM BP -6615 is assigned. The strain was identified as Enterobacter agglomerans at the time of its isolation and was deposited as Enterobacter agglomerans AJ13355. ) (See Examples below).
- strains AJ13356 and AJ13601 derived from AJ13355 which will be described later, are similarly deposited with the depository organization as Enterobacter agglomerans, but are described as Pantoea ananatis in this specification.
- AJ13601 received the accession number FERM P- at the Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (currently known as the National Institute for Product Evaluation Technology, Patent Biological Depositary Center (IPOD, NITE)).
- No. 17156 transferred to an international deposit based on the Budapest Treaty on July 6, 2000, and assigned the accession number FERMBP-7207.
- a method for imparting resistance to an organic acid analog or a respiratory inhibitor, or a method for imparting sensitivity to a cell wall synthesis inhibitor can also be mentioned.
- a method of imparting monofluoroacetic acid resistance Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-113209
- a method of imparting adenine resistance or thymine resistance Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-0665198
- a method of weakening urease Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-038088
- a method for imparting malonic acid resistance Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- Such resistant bacteria include the following strains. Brevibacterium flavum AJ3949 (FERMBP-2632; see JP-A-50-113209) Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ11628 (FERM P-5736; see JP-A-57-065198) Brevibacterium flavum AJ11355 (FERM P-5007; see JP-A-56-1889) Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ11368 (FERM P-5020; see JP 56-1889 A) Brevibacterium flavum AJ11217 (FERM P-4318; see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- microorganisms having L-glutamine producing ability include bacteria having enhanced glutamate dehydrogenase activity, bacteria having enhanced glutamine synthetase (glnA) activity, and bacteria having a disrupted glutaminase gene (European Patent Application Publication Nos. 1229121 and 1424398). Issue description). Enhancement of glutamine synthetase activity can also be achieved by disruption of glutamine adenylyltransferase (glnE) or PII regulatory protein (glnB).
- glnE glutamine adenylyltransferase
- glnB PII regulatory protein
- a strain having a mutant glutamine synthetase belonging to the genus Escherichia and having a glutamine synthetase at position 397 of the glutamine synthetase substituted with another amino acid residue can be exemplified as a suitable L-glutamine-producing bacterium (US Patent Application) (Publication No. 2003-0148474).
- Brevibacterium flavum AJ11573 (FERM P-5492; JP 56-161495) Brevibacterium flavum AJ11576 (FERM BP-10381; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-161495) Brevibacterium flavum AJ12212 (FERM P-8123; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-202694)
- microorganisms that produce proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine and polyglutamic acid are described in JP 2010-41920 A.
- Microorganisms that produce acetic acid, (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, citric acid, and butyric acid are described in the Fermentation Handbook (Kyoritsu Shuppan).
- Examples of microorganisms that produce 4-aminobutyric acid include microorganisms in which glutamic acid decarboxylase is introduced into glutamic acid-producing microorganisms, as disclosed in JP2011-167097A.
- microorganisms that produce 4-hydroxybutyric acid include microorganisms in which glutamic acid decarboxylase, aminotransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase are introduced into glutamic acid-producing microorganisms as disclosed in JP-A-2009-171960. It is done.
- microorganisms that produce 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid include microorganisms that have introduced the pathways described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 and International Publication No. 2008/145737.
- microorganisms that produce 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid include microorganisms that have introduced the routes described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 and International Publication No. 2009/156214.
- microorganisms that produce 3-aminoisobutyric acid and methacrylic acid include microorganisms into which the route described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 is introduced.
- the microorganism in the present invention is a microorganism that has constructed the acetyl-CoA production pathway of FIG. 1 by providing at least both malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase. For this reason, microorganisms naturally having malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase are excluded from the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism of the present invention.
- microorganisms that naturally have Mtk and mcl include methane-utilizing bacteria such as methylobacterium exotroenz. These microorganisms have not developed vector systems suitable for methane-utilizing bacteria, and technology for modifying genome genes of methane-utilizing bacteria. Have difficulty. In addition, these microorganisms often grow slowly and are not suitable for producing useful metabolites.
- the method for producing acetyl CoA, acetone, isopropyl alcohol or glutamic acid is to produce acetyl CoA, acetone, isopropyl alcohol or glutamic acid as a target product from a carbon source material using the acetyl CoA producing microorganism. including. That is, in the acetyl-CoA production method, the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and a carbon source material are brought into contact and cultured (hereinafter referred to as a culturing step), and a target product obtained by the contact (acetyl-CoA, acetone, isopropyl).
- recovery process Alcohol or glutamic acid
- the acetyl-CoA production method since the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and the carbon raw material are brought into contact with each other and cultured, the carbon source material is assimilated by the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and the carbon dioxide is fixed and the object is efficiently obtained.
- the product can be produced.
- the carbon source material is not particularly limited as long as it contains a carbon source that can be assimilated by microorganisms, but is preferably a plant-derived material.
- the plant-derived material refers to organs such as roots, stems, trunks, branches, leaves, flowers, seeds, plant bodies containing them, degradation products of these plant organs, and further plant bodies, plant organs, or their degradation Among the carbon sources obtained from the products, those that can be used as a carbon source by microorganisms in culture are also included in plant-derived materials.
- Carbon sources included in such plant-derived materials generally include sugars such as starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, and arabinose, and herbaceous degradation products and cellulose hydrolysates that contain a large amount of these components. And combinations thereof, and also glycerin or fatty acids derived from vegetable oils may be included in the carbon source in the present invention.
- Examples of the plant-derived raw material can preferably include crops such as cereals, corn, rice, wheat, soybeans, sugar cane, beet, cotton, and the like, and combinations thereof.
- crops such as cereals, corn, rice, wheat, soybeans, sugar cane, beet, cotton, and the like, and combinations thereof.
- the product, juice, pulverized product, etc. are not particularly limited. Moreover, the form of only the above-mentioned carbon source may be sufficient.
- Contact between the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and the plant-derived material in the culturing step is generally performed by culturing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism in a medium containing the plant-derived material.
- the contact density between the plant-derived raw material and the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism varies depending on the activity of the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism.
- the initial sugar concentration in terms of glucose is used as the total mass of the mixture as the concentration of the plant-derived raw material in the medium.
- the initial sugar concentration can be preferably 15% by mass or less.
- Each of these other components may be added in an amount usually added to the microorganism medium, and is not particularly limited.
- the medium used for culturing acetyl-CoA-producing microorganisms usually contains carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic ions, inorganic trace elements required by microorganisms to produce desired products, nucleic acids, vitamins, etc. There is no particular limitation as long as the medium is used.
- the culture conditions in the culture step for example, pH 4-9 under aerobic conditions, preferably pH 6-8, temperature 20 ° C.-50 ° C., preferably 25 ° C.-42 ° C. And culturing while appropriately controlling the temperature.
- the amount of gas flow into the mixture is not particularly limited. However, when only air is used as the gas, generally 0.02 vvm to 2.0 vvm (vvm; aeration capacity [mL] / liquid capacity [mL] ] / Hour [min]), 50 to 600 rpm, preferably 0.1 vvm to 2.0 vvm, more preferably 0.1 vvm to 1.0 vvm from the viewpoint of suppressing physical damage to E. coli. .
- the culture process can be continued from the start of the culture until the carbon raw material in the mixture is consumed or until the activity of the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism is lost.
- the duration of the culturing step varies depending on the number and activity of acetyl-CoA producing microorganisms in the mixture and the amount of the carbon source material, but is generally 1 hour or longer, preferably 4 hours or longer.
- the culture period can be continued indefinitely. it can.
- the conditions used for normal culture may be applied as they are.
- the method for recovering the target product accumulated in the culture solution is not particularly limited. For example, after removing the cells from the culture solution by centrifugation, etc., distillation or membranes under conditions according to the type of the target product are used. A method of separating the target product by a conventional separation method such as separation can be employed.
- the acetyl-CoA production method according to the present invention may include a pre-culture step for bringing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism to be used into an appropriate number of bacteria or / and an appropriate active state before the culture step.
- the pre-culture process may be a culture under normal culture conditions according to the type of acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism used in the acetone production method is an acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism having the thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, and acetoacetate decarboxylase activity described above as a preferred embodiment of the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism. It is preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- the acetyl CoA producing microorganism used in the isopropyl alcohol producing method is an acetyl CoA producing microorganism having the thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, acetoacetate decarboxylase activity and isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity described above as a preferred embodiment of the acetyl CoA producing microorganism. It is preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency of isopropyl alcohol.
- the culturing step of culturing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism while supplying gas into the mixture containing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and the carbon source material preferably, the culturing step of culturing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism while supplying gas into the mixture containing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and the carbon source material, And a target product recovery step of separating and recovering isopropyl alcohol or acetone produced by the culture from the mixture.
- acetyl-CoA producing microorganisms are cultured while supplying gas to the mixture (aeration culture).
- the produced isopropyl alcohol or acetone is released into the mixture and is evaporated from the mixture.
- the produced isopropyl alcohol or acetone can be easily separated from the mixture.
- the produced isopropyl alcohol or acetone is continuously separated from the mixture, an increase in the concentration of isopropyl alcohol or acetone in the mixture can be suppressed.
- isopropyl alcohol or acetone produced in the culture step and separated from the mixture is recovered.
- Any recovery method may be used as long as it can collect gaseous or droplets of isopropyl alcohol or acetone evaporated from the mixture by normal culture. Examples of such a method include storing in a commonly used collecting member such as a sealed container, etc. Among them, isopropyl alcohol or acetone is captured from the viewpoint of recovering only isopropyl alcohol or acetone with high purity. It is preferable to include a contact between the trapping liquid for the separation and isopropyl alcohol or acetone separated from the mixture.
- isopropyl alcohol or acetone can be recovered as a form dissolved in a capture liquid or a mixture.
- a recovery method include the method described in International Publication No. 2009/008377.
- the recovered isopropyl alcohol or acetone can be confirmed using ordinary detection means such as HPLC.
- the recovered isopropyl alcohol can be further purified as necessary. Examples of such a purification method include distillation.
- the isopropyl alcohol production method or acetone production method may further include a dehydration step in addition to the recovery step. Dehydration of isopropyl alcohol or acetone can be performed by a conventional method.
- FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2009/008377 As an apparatus applicable to a production method of isopropyl alcohol or acetone that can be recovered as a form dissolved in a capture liquid or a mixture, for example, a production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2009/008377 can be given.
- an infusion tube for injecting gas from the outside of the apparatus is connected to a culture tank containing a culture medium containing microorganisms to be used and plant-derived raw materials, and aeration can be performed on the culture medium.
- the trap tank in which the trap liquid as a capture liquid is accommodated is connected to the culture tank via a connecting tube.
- the gas or liquid moved to the trap tank comes into contact with the trap liquid and bubbling occurs.
- isopropyl alcohol or acetone produced by aeration culture in the culture tank is evaporated by aeration and easily separated from the culture medium, and is supplemented by the trap liquid in the trap tank.
- isopropyl alcohol or acetone can be continuously and conveniently produced in a more purified form.
- the glutamic acid production method includes producing glutamic acid as a target product from a carbon source material using the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism. That is, in the glutamic acid production method, the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and a carbon source material are brought into contact with each other and cultured (hereinafter, culture step), and a target product (glutamic acid) obtained by the contact is collected ( Hereinafter, a recovery step) is included.
- the glutamic acid production method since the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and the carbon raw material are brought into contact and cultured, the carbon source material is assimilated by the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism, and the target production is efficiently performed while fixing carbon dioxide. Can produce things.
- a normal medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts, and other organic micronutrients such as amino acids and vitamins as necessary can be used.
- Either synthetic or natural media can be used. Any type of carbon source and nitrogen source may be used as long as the strain to be cultured is available.
- the carbon source material saccharides such as glucose, glycerol, fructose, sucrose, maltose, mannose, galactose, starch hydrolysate, molasses can be used, other organic acids such as acetic acid and citric acid, alcohols such as ethanol, etc. It can be used alone or in combination with other carbon sources.
- ammonia, ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium acetate, nitrates, and the like can be used.
- Organic micronutrients include amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, nucleic acids, and peptone, casamino acids, yeast extracts, soybean protein breakdown products, etc. containing these, and auxotrophic mutations that require amino acids for growth. When using a strain, it is preferable to supplement the required nutrients.
- inorganic salts phosphates, magnesium salts, calcium salts, iron salts, manganese salts and the like can be used.
- Cultivation is preferably performed with aeration while controlling the fermentation temperature at 20 to 45 ° C. and the pH at 3 to 9.
- an inorganic or organic acidic or alkaline substance, ammonia gas or the like can be used for pH adjustment. By culturing for about 10 to 120 hours under such conditions, L-amino acids are accumulated in the culture solution or in the cells.
- the target L-amino acid is L-glutamic acid
- it is generated and accumulated while precipitating L-glutamic acid in the medium using a liquid medium adjusted to conditions under which L-glutamic acid is precipitated. Incubation can also be performed.
- conditions under which L-glutamic acid precipitates include pH 5.0 to 4.0, preferably pH 4.5 to 4.0, more preferably pH 4.3 to 4.0, and particularly preferably pH 4.0. Can do.
- the pH is preferably 5.0 to 4.0, more preferably 4.5 to 4.0. More preferably, it is 4.3 to 4.0.
- cultivation by the said pH may be the whole period of culture
- the method for collecting L-amino acid from the culture solution after completion of the culture may be performed according to a known recovery method. For example, it is collected by removing microbial cells from the culture solution and then concentrating crystallization or ion exchange chromatography.
- L-glutamic acid precipitated in the culture solution can be collected by centrifugation or filtration. In this case, L-glutamic acid dissolved in the medium may be crystallized and then isolated together.
- Examples of methods for producing proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine, acetic acid, (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, citric acid, butyric acid, and polyglutamic acid include, for example, the fermentation handbook (Kyoritsu Shuppan) The methods described are mentioned.
- Examples of the method for producing 4-aminobutyric acid include a production method using a microorganism in which glutamic acid decarboxylase is introduced into a glutamic acid-producing microorganism as disclosed in JP2011-167097A.
- a microorganism for producing 4-hydroxybutyric acid for example, as disclosed in JP 2009-171960, a production method using a microorganism in which glutamic acid decarboxylase, aminotransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase are introduced into a glutamic acid-producing microorganism Is mentioned.
- Examples of the method for producing 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid include microorganisms introduced with the routes described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 and International Publication No. 2008/145737.
- Examples of the method for producing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid include microorganisms into which the routes described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 and International Publication No. 2009/156214 are introduced.
- Examples of the method for producing 3-aminoisobutyric acid and methacrylic acid include microorganisms into which the route described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 is introduced.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome-enhanced strain>
- the entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain is known (GenBank accession number U00096), and the gene encoding the CoA transferase ⁇ subunit of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as atoD) Base sequences have also been reported. That is, atoD is described in 232469-3232131 of the genome sequence of Escherichia coli MG1655 described in GenBank accession number U00096.
- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase derived from Escherichia coli described in 397-440 in the base sequence information of GenBank accession number X02662 as the base sequence of the promoter necessary for expressing the above gene Promoter sequences
- genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was amplified by PCR using the template and primers of CGCTCAATTGCAAATTGACACGATTCCG (SEQ ID NO: 1) and ACAGAATTCGCTATTTTGTTAGGATAAAAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- a DNA fragment encoding the GAPDH promoter of about 100 bp was obtained by digestion with restriction enzymes MfeI and EcoRI.
- the resulting DNA fragment was mixed with plasmid pUC19 (GenBank accession number X02514) digested with restriction enzyme EcoRI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase, and ligase was used for binding, followed by Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell ( Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain transformants that grow on LB agar plates containing ampicillin 50 ⁇ g / mL.
- the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was used as a template, and CGAATTCGCTGGTGGAACATATGAAAACAAAAATTGATGATACATTACAAGAC (SEQ ID NO: 3) and GCGGTAACTCTATTTTGCTCTCTCCTGTGAAACG (SEQ ID NO: 4) were used as primers.
- CGAATTCGCTGGTGGAACATATGAAAACAAAAATTGATGATACATTACAAGAC SEQ ID NO: 3
- GCGGTAACTCTATTTTGCTCTCTCCTGTGAAACG SEQ ID NO: 4
- This DNA fragment was mixed with pUCgapP previously digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and KpnI, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 was prepared using the primers of GCTCTAGATGCTGAAATCCCACTAGTCTGTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 5) and TACTGCAGCGTTCCAGCACCTTATCAACC (SEQ ID NO: 6), which were prepared based on the gene information of the 5 'vicinity region of atoD of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain. An about 1.1 kbp DNA fragment was amplified by PCR as a template.
- the fragments obtained above were digested with restriction enzymes PstI and XbaI, XbaI and KpnI, respectively, and this fragment was temperature-sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610) [Hashimoto-Gotoh, T .; , Gene, 241, 185-191 (2000)] mixed with fragments obtained by digestion with PstI and KpnI, ligated with ligase, transformed into DH5 ⁇ strain, and chloramphenicol 10 ⁇ g / ml The transformant which grows at 30 degreeC on the LB agar plate containing was obtained. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 30 ° C.
- Example 2 ⁇ Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome enhancement, production of pgi gene deletion strain>
- the entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 is known (GenBank accession number U00096), and the base sequence of a gene encoding Escherichia coli phosphoglucose isomerase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as pgi) has also been reported. (GenBank accession number X15196).
- pgi-L fragment Preparation of genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain (ATCC7000092) (Hereinafter sometimes referred to as pgi-L fragment).
- pgi-R fragment a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as pgi-R fragment).
- pgi-R fragment SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that two fragments, a 5 ′ upstream vicinity fragment and a 3 ′ downstream vicinity fragment, of the gene encoding pgi were correctly inserted into pTH18cs1.
- the obtained plasmid was digested with XbaI, and then blunt-ended with T4 DNA polymerase. This DNA fragment was ligated with T4 DNA ligase to the pUC4K plasmid (GenBank accession number X06404) (Pharmacia) digested with EcoRI and the kanamycin resistance gene further blunt-ended with T4 DNA polymerase. did.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells to obtain transformants that grew at 30 ° C. on LB agar plates containing chloramphenicol 10 ⁇ g / ml and kanamycin 50 ⁇ g / ml.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the kanamycin resistance gene was correctly inserted between the 5 ′ upstream neighboring fragment and the 3 ′ downstream neighboring fragment of the gene encoding pgi, and pTH18cs1-pgi and did.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 strain can be obtained from the American Type Culture Collection.
- the prepared pTH18cs1-pgi was transformed into B :: atoDAB prepared in Example 1, and cultured overnight at 30 ° C. on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and 50 ⁇ g / ml of kanamycin. Got.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing kanamycin 50 ⁇ g / ml and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight. Next, a part of this culture solution was applied to an LB agar plate containing kanamycin 50 ⁇ g / ml to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium containing kanamycin 50 ⁇ g / ml for 24 hours at 30 ° C., and further applied to an LB agar plate containing kanamycin 50 ⁇ g / ml to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 strain and Escherichia coli B strain can be obtained from American Type Culture Collection.
- Example 3 ⁇ Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome enhancement, pgi gene deletion, preparation of gntR gene deletion strain>
- the entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain is known (GenBank accession No. CP000819), and the base sequence encoding GntR is GenBank accession No.
- the genome sequence of Escherichia coli B strain described in CP000819 is described in 3509184 to 3510179.
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain (GenBank accession No. CP000819) was prepared, and the resulting genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with a primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13 to obtain about 1.0 kb.
- the DNA fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “gntR-L fragment”).
- gntR-L fragment a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 14 and SEQ ID NO: 15 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as gntR-R fragment).
- gntR-LR fragment This gntR-LR fragment was separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, digested with EcoRI, mixed with an EcoRI digest of temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610), reacted with T4 DNA ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ .
- a transformant that was transformed into a competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and grown on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol was obtained.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the gntLR fragment was correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and this plasmid was designated as pTH18cs1-gntR.
- the plasmid pTH18cs1-gntR thus obtained was transformed into the Escherichia coli B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi strain prepared in Example 2, and cultured overnight at 30 ° C. on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol.
- a transformant was obtained.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- a part of this culture solution was applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and further applied to an LB agar plate to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- Example 4 ⁇ Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome enhancement, pgi gene deletion, gntR gene deletion, gnd gene deletion strain>
- pgi gene deletion, gntR gene deletion, gnd gene deletion strain In order to clone the region close to the base sequence of the gene encoding phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (gnd), CGCCATATGAATGGCGGCGGCGGGGGCCGGTGGG (SEQ ID NO: 16), TGGGCTCTGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATGGATGGG (SEQ ID NO: 16)
- oligonucleotide primers Four kinds of oligonucleotide primers were synthesized.
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 16 has an NdeI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side
- the primers of SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18 have a SacI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 19 has a BamHI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- a genomic DNA (GenBank accession No. CP000819) of Escherichia coli B strain was prepared, and a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17 (hereinafter referred to as gnd-). Sometimes called L fragment).
- gnd-R fragment a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as gnd-R fragment).
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that two fragments of the 5 ′ upstream neighboring fragment and the 3 ′ downstream neighboring fragment of the gene encoding gnd were correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and pTH18cs1-gnd and did.
- the thus obtained plasmid pTH18cs1-gnd was transformed into the Escherichia coli B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR strain prepared in Example 3 and applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. Cultured overnight to obtain transformants. The obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight. Next, a part of this culture solution was applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C. The obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and further applied to an LB agar plate to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- Example 5 ⁇ Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome enhancement, pgi gene deletion, gntR gene deletion, gnd gene deletion, ldhA gene deletion strain>
- ldhA D-lactate dehydrogenase
- GGAATTTCGACCATCGCTTACGGTCAATTTG SEQ ID NO: 20
- GAGCGGCCAAGAAAGACTTCTCCTGATGCTGTGA SEQ ID NO: TCG 22
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain (accession No. CP000819) is prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA is used as a template, and PCR is performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21 to obtain about 1.0 kb DNA
- the fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as ldhA-L fragment).
- an about 1.0 kb DNA fragment was amplified by PCR with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 22 and SEQ ID NO: 23 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as ldhA-R fragment).
- DNA fragments were separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, and a DNA fragment of about 2.0 kb was obtained by performing PCR with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 23 using the ldhA-L and ldhA-R fragments as templates.
- was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as ldhA-LR fragment).
- the ldhA-LR fragment was separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, digested with EcoRI, mixed with an EcoRI digest of the temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610), reacted with T4 DNA ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ .
- a transformant that was transformed into a competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and grown on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol was obtained.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the ldhA-LR fragment was correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and this plasmid was designated as pTH18cs1-ldhA.
- the plasmid pTH18cs1-ldhA thus obtained was transformed into the Escherichia coli B strain B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd prepared in Example 4 and applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol. Cultivated overnight at 0 ° C. to obtain a transformant. The obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- Example 6 ⁇ AtoD genome enhancement, pgi gene deletion, gntR gene deletion, gnd gene deletion, ldhA gene deletion, production of aceBA gene deletion strain>
- aceBA isocitrate lyase and malate synthase
- 4 types of oligonucleotide primers shown in GGAATTCCAGGCAGGTATCAATAAATAAC SEQ ID NO: 27 were synthesized.
- the primers of SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 27 each have an EcoRI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain (accession No. CP000819) was prepared, and the resulting genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 24 and SEQ ID NO: 25 to obtain about 1.0 kb of DNA.
- the fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as aceBA-L fragment).
- aceBA-R fragment a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 26 and SEQ ID NO: 27 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as aceBA-R fragment).
- DNA fragments are separated and recovered by agarose electrophoresis, and a DNA fragment of about 2.0 kb is obtained by performing PCR with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 24 and SEQ ID NO: 27 using the aceBA-L and aceBA-R fragments as templates.
- was amplified hereinafter sometimes referred to as aceBA-LR fragment.
- the aceBA-LR fragment was separated and recovered by agarose electrophoresis, digested with EcoRI, mixed with an EcoRI digest of the temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610), reacted with T4 DNA ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ .
- a transformant that was transformed into a competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and grown on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol was obtained.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the aceBA-LR fragment was correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and this plasmid was designated as pTH18cs1-aceBA.
- the thus obtained plasmid pTH18cs1-aceBA was transformed into Escherichia coli B strain B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd ⁇ ldhA prepared in Example 5, and an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol. And cultured overnight at 30 ° C. to obtain transformants.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- a part of this culture solution was applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and further applied to an LB agar plate to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- Example 7 ⁇ AtoD genome enhancement, pgi gene deletion, gntR gene deletion, gnd gene deletion, ldhA gene deletion, aceBA gene deletion, glcB gene deletion strain>
- glcB GGAATTCCAGGAGAAAGGGCTGGCACGGG (SEQ ID NO: 28), CTTTTTGACGCCTGTTTTATCTCCTCGTCTTGAC (SEQ ID NO: AGA 30), 4 types of oligonucleotide primers shown in GGAATTCCGTCCATCATGCTCACCAGCC (SEQ ID NO: 31) were synthesized.
- the primers of SEQ ID NOs: 28 and 31 each have an EcoRI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain (accession No. CP000819) was prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29 to obtain about 1.0 kb DNA.
- the fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as glcB-L fragment).
- glcB-R fragment a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 31 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as glcB-R fragment).
- DNA fragments were separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, and PCR was carried out with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 31 using the glcB-L and glcB-R fragments as templates to obtain a DNA fragment of about 2.0 kb.
- glcB-LR fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as glcB-LR fragment).
- This glcB-LR fragment was separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, digested with EcoRI, mixed with an EcoRI digest of temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610), reacted with T4 DNA ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ .
- a transformant that was transformed into a competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and grown on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol was obtained.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the glcB-LR fragment was correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and this plasmid was designated as pTH18cs1-glcB.
- the plasmid pTH18cs1-gclB thus obtained was transformed into the Escherichia coli B strain, B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd ⁇ ldhA ⁇ aceBA strain prepared in Example 6, and containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol.
- the LB agar plate was cultured overnight at 30 ° C. to obtain a transformant.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- Example 8 ⁇ AtoD genome enhancement, pgi gene deletion, gntR gene deletion, gnd gene deletion, ldhA gene deletion, aceBA gene deletion, glcB gene deletion, production of fumAC gene deletion strain>
- CGCCATATGATCGCCACGCGCGGGGATTTTTC SEQ ID NO: 32
- CGAGCTCTGTTCTCTCACTTG33 ATGAGCTCTCTGCAACACATACAGTGGCAG SEQ ID NO: 34
- CGGGATCCCACTACCGGCACGATGGTCAAG SEQ ID NO: 35
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 32 has an NdeI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- the primers of SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 34 each have a SacI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 35 has a BamHI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain (accession No. CP000819) is prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA is used as a template, and PCR is performed with a primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 32 and SEQ ID NO: 33 to obtain about 1.0 kb of DNA.
- the fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a fumA-L fragment).
- a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a fumC-R fragment).
- the plasmid pTH18cs1-fumAC thus obtained was transformed into the Escherichia coli B strain, B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd ⁇ ldhA ⁇ aceBA ⁇ glcB strain prepared in Example 7, and chloramphenicol 10 ⁇ g / ml was cultured overnight at 30 ° C. on an LB agar plate containing a transformant to obtain a transformant.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- B atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd ⁇ ldhA ⁇ aceBA ⁇ glcB ⁇ fumAC
- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase derived from Escherichia coli described in 397 to 440 in the base sequence information of GenBank accession number X02662 Promoter sequence (sometimes referred to as GAPDH).
- GAPDH promoter the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was used as a template to amplify the DNA fragment by PCR using CGAGCTCACATATGCAATGATTGACACGATTCCCG (SEQ ID NO: 36) and CGCGCGCATGCCTTTTGTTTAGTGGAATAAAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 37).
- a DNA fragment corresponding to the GAPDH promoter of about 110 bp was obtained by digestion with SphI.
- the obtained DNA fragment and the plasmid pBR322 (GenBank accession number J01749) were mixed with fragments obtained by digesting with restriction enzymes NdeI and SphI, ligated with ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (Toyoto) Spinning Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid pBRgapP was recovered from the obtained cells.
- Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-593 genomic DNA was used as a template, AATATGCATGCTGTGTGGAACATTAGGAAGTTTTGCAATGCTATAGPCR (AG No. 38), and ACGGTTAGTATA
- the DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes SphI and SalI to obtain an isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase fragment of about 1.1 kbp.
- the resulting DNA fragment and the fragment obtained by digesting plasmid pUC119 with restriction enzymes SphI and SalI were mixed, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell, and 50 ⁇ g / ml of ampicillin. Transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing mL were obtained. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that IPAdh was correctly inserted. I was named.
- a fragment containing IPAdh obtained by digesting plasmid pUC-I with restriction enzymes SphI and EcoRI and a fragment obtained by digesting plasmid pBRgapP with restriction enzymes SphI and EcoRI are mixed and ligated using ligase.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cells were transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing ampicillin 50 ⁇ g / mL. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that IPAdh was correctly inserted. I was named.
- Clostridium acetobutyricum ATCC824 genomic DNA was used as a template, and ACGCGTCGACGCTGGTGGAACATGTTAAAGGATGGAAGTAATTTAACAAATTAGC (SEQ ID NO: 40) and GCTCTTAGTAGTACTAC Digestion with enzymes SalI and XbaI gave an acetoacetate decarboxylase fragment of about 700 bp.
- the obtained DNA fragment and the previously prepared plasmid pGAP-I were digested with restriction enzymes SalI and XbaI, mixed and ligated using ligase, and then transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain.
- the resulting transformant was transformed to grow on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin.
- the obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that adc was correctly inserted. Named.
- the genomic DNA of the Escherichia coli B strain (GenBank accession No. CP000819) was used as a template for GCTCTAGGACGGAGAAAGTCTTATGGCCGCATGACGCAGACGAGG (SEQ ID NO: 42)
- the resulting DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes BamHI and XbaI to obtain an about 1500 bp glucose 6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase fragment.
- the resulting DNA fragment and the previously prepared plasmid pIa were mixed with the fragments obtained by digesting the restriction enzymes XbaI and BamHI, ligated using ligase, and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell, A transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin was obtained.
- the obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the resulting plasmid was designated as pIaz.
- Example 10 ⁇ Preparation of plasmid pMWKGC> Using pBRgapP as a template, the DNA fragment containing CCGCTCGAGCATATGCTGTCGCAATGATTGACACG (SEQ ID NO: 44) and GCTATTCCATATGCAGGGTTATTGTTCCATGAGC (SEQ ID NO: 45) is amplified by PCR, and the resulting DNA fragment is oxidized by T4 PolyTaCl A DNA fragment was obtained.
- a plasmid pMW119 (GenBank accession number AB005476) was treated with restriction enzymes AatII and NdeI, and the resulting DNA fragment was blunted with KOD plus DNA polymerase (Takara) to thereby obtain a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pMW119.
- a DNA fragment containing the GAPDH promoter and a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pMW119 were mixed and ligated using ligase, then transformed into an Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell and applied to an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin. A growing transformant was obtained. The obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid pMWG was recovered from the obtained cells.
- the DNA fragment obtained by PCR using pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession No. AB019610) as a template and amplified by PCR with TCGGCCACGTAAGAGGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 46) and CGGGTCGAATTTGCTTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 47) was obtained.
- TCGGCCACGTAAGAGGTTCC SEQ ID NO: 46
- CGGGTCGAATTTGCTTTCG SEQ ID NO: 47
- CCGCTCGAGCATATGCTGTCGCAATGATTGACACG SEQ ID NO: 50
- GCTATCCATATGCAGGGTTATTGTTCCATGAGC SEQ ID NO: 51
- Example 11 ⁇ Construction of Methylobacterium Extrosequence IAM12632-derived Malate Thiokinase Expression Plasmid> Methylobacterium extratroens IAM12632 was purchased from the IAM Culture Collection of the Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Tokyo. IAM12632 was cultured in medium number 352 of NBRC, and chromosomal DNA was obtained using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen).
- pMWGKC_mtk (Mex) _mcl contains the gene sequence of mcl (SEQ ID NO: 66) derived from Methylobacterium extroense, the gene sequence of mtkA (SEQ ID NO: 67), and the gene sequence of mtkB (SEQ ID NO: 68).
- Mcl amino acid sequence of Mcl
- MtkA-derived amino acid sequence amino acid sequence of Mcl
- mtkA amino acid sequence amino acid sequence of Mcl
- mtkB amino acid sequence amino acid sequence of Mcl
- SEQ ID NO: 70 amino acid sequence of MtkA-derived amino acid sequence
- mtkB amino acid sequence amino acid sequence of MtkA-derived amino acid sequence
- Hyphomicrobium methylobolum NBRC14180 was purchased from NBRC (Biological Resource Division, Biotechnology Headquarters, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation). NBRC14180 was cultured in NBRC medium No. 233, and chromosomal DNA was obtained using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Inc.).
- a primer (SEQ ID NO: 56) was prepared by referring to the N-terminal DNA sequence of NBRC 14180 serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (GenBank Accession No. D13739).
- the homology was compared using the homology search tool of NCIBM (National Biotechnology Information Center).
- a primer (SEQ ID NO: 57) was prepared with reference to the highly homologous amino acid sequence.
- PCR was performed using the above chromosomal DNA as a template.
- the amplified fragment was ligated to DNA obtained by digesting pUC19 with SmaI, and a part of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene was cloned from the serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase gene derived from hyphomicrobium methylobolum NBRC 14180. The sequence of the clone was confirmed, and further primers (SEQ ID NOs: 58 and 59) were prepared.
- telomere sequence was obtained using the primers of SEQ ID NOs: 60 and 61 obtained above, and the amplified DNA was cleaved with EcoRI and XbaI. DNA fragments containing the mcl and mtk genes were obtained. Then, the above-mentioned plasmid pMWGKC_mtk (Mex) _mcl was cleaved with EcoRI and XbaI, and a fragment of about 4.3 kb containing mcl was recovered and ligated with a DNA fragment containing Hyclobium mcl and mtk genes.
- pMWWGC_mcl Hme
- pMWGKC_mcl Hme
- mtkA SEQ ID NO: 61
- mtkB SEQ ID NO: 62
- amino acid sequence of Hyclobium methylobolum-derived mcl is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, and SEQ ID NO: 74, respectively.
- Example 13 ⁇ Construction of Rhizobium sp NGR234-derived malate thiokinase expression plasmid> Based on the amino acid sequence information of the malate thiokinase beta subunit (GenBank Accession No. ACP26381) and succinyl CoA synthetase alpha subunit (GenBank Accession No. ACP26382) of Rhizobium sp NGR234 was fully synthesized (SEQ ID NO: 63). The obtained gene was cleaved with NdeI and XbaI and ligated with pMWGKC which was similarly cleaved with a restriction enzyme.
- pMWGKC_mtk The obtained plasmid was designated as pMWGKC_mtk (Rhi).
- PCR was carried out using the chromosome DNA of Methylobacterium troentros as a template and using the primers of SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 65, and the amplified DNA was cut with XbaI and HindIII to smooth the ends, pMWGKC_mtk (Rhi) was ligated with a gene which was cut with XbaI and smoothed.
- a gene in which mtk and mcl genes were introduced in the same direction was named pMWGKC_mtk (Rhi) _mcl.
- the amino acids of Rtkb sp-derived mtkA and mtkB are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 75 and SEQ ID NO: 76, respectively.
- Example 14 ⁇ Preparation of malate thiokinase and malyl CoA lyase-introduced isopropyl alcohol production strain>
- the competent cells of E. coli B strain (atoDAB, ⁇ pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC) prepared in Example 8 were transformed with the plasmid pIaz prepared in Example 9 and each expression plasmid of mtk and mcl, and 25 mg / L chlorampheny.
- the strains smeared and grown on LB agar medium containing 100 mg / L ampicillin were named as follows (see Table 2).
- strain numbers described in Table 2 mean strains obtained by introducing pIaz and the plasmids described in Table 2 into E. coli B strain (atoDAB, ⁇ pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC).
- Example 15 ⁇ Verification of introduction of 13 C-labeled CO 2 into isopropyl alcohol> 100 ml of LB liquid medium was prepared in a 500 ml baffled Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. After adding ampicillin to the medium at a final concentration of 50 ⁇ g / ml and adding chloramphenicol to a concentration of 34 ⁇ g / ml, one strain of the carbonic acid fixation pathway introduced strain of Table 2 was inoculated at 30 ° C. and 130 rpm. For about 20 hours. Only the cells were separated from the culture solution by centrifugation (5000 G ⁇ 15 minutes), and then the cells were resuspended in 10 ml of physiological saline to obtain cell suspensions.
- the obtained culture solution was filtered under reduced pressure using a filter holder for vacuum filtration (ADVANTEC, KGS-47) in which a hydrophilic PTFE membrane filter (ADVANTEC, H050A047A, pore size 0.5 ⁇ M, diameter 47 mm) was set. Separated into supernatant and cells.
- the membrane filter to which the bacterial cells adhered was immediately immersed in 1.6 mL methanol (LC / MS grade) cooled to ⁇ 20 ° C. and stirred, and then allowed to stand at ⁇ 20 ° C. for 1 hour. After 1 hour, 1.6 mL of chloroform (HPLC grade) cooled to ⁇ 20 ° C. and 0.64 mL of pure water cooled to 4 ° C. were added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 seconds by vortexing. Thereafter, the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 4 ° C. to obtain a methanol extract of bacterial cells. This was analyzed by LC-MS / MS, and the molecular weight distribution of acetyl CoA in the cells was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, the molecular weight distribution of acetyl CoA was converted as M + 0, M + 1, and M + 2 with respect to the mass spectral peak molecular weights: 808, 809, and 810, respectively
- the MT-2 strain has a lower proportion of isopropyl alcohol or ethanol (M + 0) into which 13 C has not been introduced, compared with commercially available isopropyl alcohol or ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol or ethanol (in which 1 atom of 13 C is introduced) (The ratio of M + 1) was high (Tables 4 and 5). Therefore, it was found that 13C- labeled carbonic acid-derived carbon was also introduced into isopropyl alcohol and ethanol in the MT-2 strain.
- M + 0 isopropyl alcohol or ethanol
- Example 16 ⁇ Measurement of glyoxylic acid production activity using malic acid as substrate>
- the above mtk and mcl expression strains were cultured in 2 mL of LB medium containing 25 ⁇ g / ml chloramphenicol and 100 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin.
- the crude enzyme solution was extracted by the method shown below.
- the cells in the logarithmic growth phase were collected by centrifugation, washed with 200 mM MOPS-K buffer (pH 7.7), dissolved in the same buffer, and sonicated. Centrifugal supernatant (12,000 rpm, 2 min) was used as a crude enzyme extract.
- the protein concentration of the crude enzyme solution is determined by reacting the crude enzyme solution and BSA of known concentration for preparing a calibration curve with Quick Start Bradford Dye Reagent (BioRad), color development, and UV plate reader (Molecular Devices, spectra max 190). OD595nm was measured, and the protein concentration was determined from the calibration curve.
- the enzyme activity in the solution was determined by the following procedure. MOPS-K buffer pH 7.7, 3.5 mM phenylhydrazine, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 3 mM ATP, 0.3 mM CoA, 10% by mass Crude enzyme solution was mixed on a microwell, incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then used as a background. The time course of OD324 mM was measured with a UV plate reader, and then (S) -L-sodium malate solution pH 7.5 was added to a final concentration of 5 mM, and the time course of OD324 mM was measured.
- glyoxylic acid was added to the above buffer and allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes, and OD324 mM was measured to prepare a calibration curve for glyoxylic acid.
- the value of the enzyme activity was converted into the consumption rate of glyoxylic acid from the calibration curve of glyoxylic acid by subtracting the slope of background from the slope of OD324 mM after the addition of (S) -L-sodium malate. Then, the enzyme activity per protein was determined by dividing the consumption rate of glyoxylic acid by the protein concentration (Table 6). As shown in Table 6, enzyme activity was confirmed for all of MT-1 to MT-3. Among them, the MT-2 strain and the MT-3 strain were found to have higher enzyme activity than the MT-1 strain. In contrast, no enzyme activity was observed in the control.
- Example 17 ⁇ Number of viable cells and plasmid retention of malate thiokinase and malyl CoA lyase-introduced strain>
- 30 mL of M9 minimal medium and LB medium containing 50 g / L glucose and 30 ⁇ g / ml chloramphenicol, 100 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin were prepared.
- the mtk and mcl expression strains were inoculated into M9 minimal medium or LB medium, sealed with a silicon stopper, and cultured at 30 ° C. and 100 rpm for 24 hours.
- the culture broth was diluted with water, 100 ⁇ L was applied to an LB plate not containing antibiotics, and the total viable cell count was measured. Further, the diluted culture solution was applied to an LB plate containing 30 ⁇ g / ml chloramphenicol, and the number of bacteria retaining mtk (smt)) and mcl-carrying plasmid was measured. As shown in Table 7, it was found that MT-2 and MT-3 had a higher proportion of the total viable count in the culture solution than the MT-1 strain, and grew well. Moreover, the plasmids carrying mtk and mcl were stably maintained in each of the MT-1 to 3 strains.
- Granulacter bethesdensis genomic DNA (BAA-1260D-5) was purchased from ATCC. PCR was performed using Granctacter Bethesdensis genomic DNA as a template and CCCTGAGGAGGGTCCCAAGAGATGGACGTCCATGAGTACCCA (SEQ ID NO: 77) and GCTCTAGATCAGGCTGCCTGACGCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 78) as primers, to obtain a granuactor mtk fragment.
- PCR was performed using GGAATTCACAAAAAAGGATAAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 79) and TGGTACTCATGACGTCTCCATCTTGGACCCTTCTCAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 80) as primers and m Obtained. PCR was carried out using the obtained Granular Bacter mtk fragment and Hyphomicrobium mcl fragment as templates, and SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 78 as primers. A DNA fragment containing was obtained.
- the fragment obtained by digestion with EcoRI and XbaI was ligated with the plasmid obtained by digesting the plasmid pMWGCC prepared in Example 10 with EcoRI and XbaI.
- the obtained plasmid was designated as pMWWGC_mcl (Hme) _mtk (Gb).
- pMWWGKC_mcl (Hme) _mtk (Gb) contains the gene for mtkA (SEQ ID NO: 81) and the gene for mtkB (SEQ ID NO: 82) derived from Granulibacter bethesdensis. Further, the amino acid sequence of mtkA derived from Granulibacter bethesdensis and the amino acid sequence of mtkB are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 107 and SEQ ID NO: 108, respectively.
- Hyphomicrobium denitrificans DSM1869 was purchased from DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Germany). DSM1869 was cultured in DSM medium number 803, and chromosomal DNA was obtained using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen).
- pMWWGC_mcl Hde
- _mtk Hde
- pMWGKC_mcl Hde
- _mtk Hde
- 87 a gene of mtkB
- amino acid sequence of Hyclobium denitrificans-derived mcl is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 110, and SEQ ID NO: 111, respectively.
- Example 20 ⁇ Construction of nitrosomonas europia NBRC14298-derived malate thiokinase expression plasmid> Nitrosomonas europaea NBRC14298 was purchased from NBRC (Biological Resource Center, NITE). NBRC14298 was cultured in medium number 829 of NBRC, and chromosomal DNA was obtained using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen).
- Nitrosomonas europia genomic DNA was used as a template, and GCGGGGGAATTCACAAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGAGTCATACCCTGTATGAACCCAAAACACC (SEQ ID NO: 88) and CAGGCGTCTAGTAGTAGTAGTCCGGCCAGAACTTTTGGCAGG were used as primers, and nitro was used as a primer.
- the fragment obtained by digestion with EcoRI and XbaI was ligated with the plasmid obtained by digesting the plasmid pMWGKC_mcl (Hme) _mtk (Hme) _mcl prepared in Example 12 with EcoRI and XbaI.
- pMWWGC_mcl Ne
- _mtk Ne
- pMWGKC_mcl Ne
- _mtk Ne
- pMWGKC_mcl Ne
- _mtk Ne
- 92 mtkB
- amino acid sequence of mcl derived from nitrosomonas europia is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, and SEQ ID NO: 114, respectively.
- Methylococcus capsulatus ATCC 33009D-5 was purchased from ATCC. Using Methylococcus capsuleatus genomic DNA as a template, PCR was carried out using GGAATTCCATATGCTGTTTAAAAATCTCTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 93) and GCTCTAGATCAGAATCTATTCCGTGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 94) as primers to obtain a mcl-mtk fragment of Methylococcus.
- the fragment obtained by digestion with NdeI and XbaI and the plasmid obtained by digesting the plasmid pMWKC or pMWGC prepared in Example 10 with NdeI and XbaI were ligated.
- the obtained plasmid was designated as pMWGKC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) or pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc).
- pMWGKC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) or pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) is a gene sequence of Mcl from Methylococcus caplatas (SEQ ID NO: 95), a gene sequence of mtkA (SEQ ID NO: 96), and a gene sequence of mtkB (sequence) No. 97).
- the amino acid sequence of Methylococcus caplatus-derived mcl, the amino acid sequence of mtkA, and the amino acid sequence of mtkB are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 115, SEQ ID NO: 116, and SEQ ID NO: 117, respectively.
- Example 22 ⁇ Construction of uncultured gamma proteobacteria GenBank: AP011641.1-derived malate thiokinase expression plasmid>
- a gamma proteobacterium-derived mtk was designed based on the amino acid sequence of GenBank: AP011641.1, and the following DNA fragment (SEQ ID NO: 98) was prepared by DNA synthesis. .
- PCR was carried out using GTTGAACGAGGGAGATCCGCCATGAACATTCACGAATACA (SEQ ID NO: 99) and GCTCTAGATTTAGCCGAAAACTGCAGATCC (SEQ ID NO: 100) as primers to obtain a gtk proteobacterium mtk fragment.
- pMWKGCC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) or pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) prepared in Example 21 was used as a template, SEQ ID NO: 93 and TGATTATTCGTGGAATGTTCTGGACGGATCTCCTCGTTCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 101) was used as a primer, A fragment was obtained.
- PCR was performed using SEQ ID NO: 93 and SEQ ID NO: 100 as primers to obtain a DNA fragment containing methylococcus mcl and gamma proteobacterial mtk fragment gene. It was.
- the fragment obtained by digestion with NdeI and XbaI and the plasmid obtained by digesting the plasmid pMWGKC prepared in Example 10 with NdeI and XbaI were ligated.
- the obtained plasmid was designated as pMWWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (gamma).
- pMWGKC_mcl (Mc) _mtk contains an uncultured gamma proteobacterium-derived mtkA gene (SEQ ID NO: 102) and an mtkB gene (SEQ ID NO: 103). Further, the amino acid sequence of mtkA derived from uncultured gamma proteobacteria and the amino acid sequence of mtkB are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 118 and SEQ ID NO: 119, respectively.
- Example 23 ⁇ Malate kinase and malyl CoA lyase introduced isopropyl alcohol production atoD genome enhancement, pgi gene deletion, gntR gene deletion, gnd gene deletion, ldhA gene deletion, fumAC gene deletion, aceBA gene deletion, glcB gene deletion Stock production>
- the competent cells of E. coli B strain (atoDAB, ⁇ pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC) prepared in Example 8 were transformed with the plasmid pIaz prepared in Examples 18 to 22 and mtk and mcl expression plasmids, respectively.
- strains smeared and grown on LB agar medium containing lambphenicol and 100 mg / L ampicillin were named as follows (see Table 8).
- the strain numbers described in Table 8 mean strains obtained by introducing pIaz and the plasmids described in Table 2 into E. coli B strain (atoDAB, ⁇ pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC).
- Example 24 ⁇ Measurement of glyoxylic acid production activity using malic acid as substrate>
- the enzyme activity per protein was determined by the same method as in Example 16 (Table 9). As shown in Table 9, enzyme activity was confirmed in any of MT-4 to MT-8, and the enzyme activity was higher than that in the MT-1 strain. Among them, the MT-5 strain, the MT-6 strain, the MT-7 strain and the MT-8 strain were found to have the same or higher activity as the MT-2 and MT-3 strains shown in Example 16. It was. In contrast, no enzyme activity was observed in the control.
- Example 25 ⁇ Strengthen the atoD genome, create aceB gene deletion strain>
- GGAATTCATTCAGCTGTTGCGCATCGATTC SEQ ID NO: 24
- GTTATGTGGTGGGTCGTGCAGCTCTCCG SEQ ID NO: 1014
- 4 types of oligonucleotide primers shown in GGAATTCCAGTTGAACGACGGCGAGCAG SEQ ID NO: 106 were synthesized.
- the primers of SEQ ID NO and each have an EcoRI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain (accession No. CP000819) was prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 24 and SEQ ID NO: 106 to obtain about 1.0 kb of DNA.
- the fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the aceB-L fragment). Further, a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 105 and SEQ ID NO: 106 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as aceBR fragment).
- aceB-LR fragment was separated and recovered by agarose electrophoresis, digested with EcoRI, mixed with an EcoRI digest of temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610), reacted with T4 DNA ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ .
- a transformant was obtained by transforming into a competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and growing on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the aceB-LR fragment was correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and this plasmid was designated as pTH18cs1-aceB.
- the plasmid pTH18cs1-aceB thus obtained was transformed into Escherichia coli B strain B :: atoDAB prepared in Example 1, and cultured overnight at 30 ° C.
- Example 26 ⁇ AtoD genome enhancement, aceB gene deletion, production of glcB gene deletion strain>
- the plasmid pTH18cs1-gclB prepared in Example 7 was transformed into the Escherichia coli B strain, B :: atoDAB ⁇ aceB strain prepared in Example 25, and placed on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. Then, a transformant was obtained. The obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- B glcB gene deletion strain
- Example 27 ⁇ Strengthening of atoD genome, production of ldhA gene deletion strain>
- the plasmid pTH18cs1-ldhA prepared in Example 5 was transformed into the Escherichia coli B strain, B :: atoDAB prepared in Example 1, and overnight on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. After culturing, a transformant was obtained. The obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- Example 28 ⁇ Preparation of pBRgapP, pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) / B strain, pBRgapP, pMWGC / B strain> E. coli B strain competent cells were transformed with the plasmid pBRgapP prepared in Example 2 and the plasmid pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) or pMWGC prepared in Example 21, and 25 mg / L chloramphenicol. The strain was smeared and grown on an LB agar medium containing 100 mg / L ampicillin.
- Example 29 ⁇ Preparation of pIa, pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) / B :: atoDAB strain, pIa, pMWGC / B :: atoDAB strain>
- the plasmid pIa prepared in Example 9 and the plasmid pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) or pMWGC prepared in Example 21 were added to the competent cells of E. coli B strain (B :: atoDAB) prepared in Example 1.
- the transformed strain was smeared and grown on an LB agar medium containing 25 mg / L chloramphenicol and 100 mg / L ampicillin.
- Example 30 ⁇ Preparation of pIa, pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) / B :: atoDAB ⁇ aceB strain, pIa, pMWGC / B :: atoDAB ⁇ aceB strain>
- the competent cell of E. coli B strain (B :: atoDAB ⁇ aceB) prepared in Example 25 the plasmid pIa prepared in Example 9 and the plasmid pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) prepared in Example 21 or pMWGC was transformed, and a strain grown on LB agar medium containing 25 mg / L chloramphenicol and 100 mg / L ampicillin was obtained.
- Example 31 ⁇ Preparation of pIa, pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) / B :: atoDAB ⁇ aceB ⁇ glcB strain, pIa, pMWGC / B :: atoDAB ⁇ aceB ⁇ glcB strain>
- the plasmid pIa prepared in Example 9 and the plasmid pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) prepared in Example 21 were used in competent cells of the E. coli B strain prepared in Example 26 (B :: atoDAB ⁇ aceB ⁇ glcB).
- pMWGC was transformed, and a strain grown by smearing on an LB agar medium containing 25 mg / L chloramphenicol and 100 mg / L ampicillin was obtained.
- Example 32 ⁇ Preparation of pIa, pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) / B :: atoDAB ⁇ ldhA strain, pIa, pMWGC / B :: atoDAB ⁇ ldhA strain>
- B competent cell of Escherichia coli B strain
- the plasmid pIa prepared in Example 9 and the plasmid pMWGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) prepared in Example 21 pMWGC was transformed, and a strain grown on LB agar medium containing 25 mg / L chloramphenicol and 100 mg / L ampicillin was obtained.
- Example 33 ⁇ Production of isopropyl alcohol>
- isopropyl alcohol was produced using the production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of WO2009 / 008377.
- the culture tank used was made of 3 liters of glass, and water (trap water) as a trap liquid was injected into the trap tank in an amount of 9 L per tank, and two units were connected and used.
- Table 10 shows a list of strains used for isopropyl alcohol production evaluation.
- each evaluation strain was inoculated in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of LB Broth, Miller culture solution (Difco244620) containing 25 mg / L chloramphenicol and 100 mg / L ampicillin. Stirring culture was performed at 30 ° C. and 120 rpm. 45 mL of the preculture was transferred to a 3 L culture tank (culture device BMS-PI manufactured by ABLE) containing 900 g of a medium having the composition shown below, and cultured.
- a 3 L culture tank culture device BMS-PI manufactured by ABLE
- Culturing was performed under atmospheric pressure with an aeration rate of 0.45 L / min, a stirring speed of 490 rpm, a culture temperature of 30 ° C., and a pH of 7.0 (adjusted with an NH 3 aqueous solution).
- a 50 wt / wt% aqueous glucose solution was added at a flow rate of 20 g / L / hour.
- a 50 wt / wt% aqueous glucose solution was added at a flow rate of 20 g / L / hour as appropriate so that glucose did not remain in the culture tank.
- the production amount of isopropyl alcohol of the control strain was 33.2 g / 30 h
- the production amount of the mtk introduced strain was 34.6 g / 30 h
- the production amount of acetone was 6.0 g / 30 h in the control strain (vec / atoDAB) and 8.8 g / 30 h in the mtk introduced strain (mtk_mcl / atoDAB). From this, it was found that the amount of isopropyl alcohol and acetone produced was improved when mtk + mcl was introduced.
- the yield of isopropyl alcohol to sugar at 30 h was 15.8% for the control strain (vec / atoDAB), 16.5% for the mtk + mcl-introduced strain (mtk_mcl / atoDAB), and the yield of sugar to isopropyl alcohol and acetone was
- the control strain (vec / atoDAB) showed 18.6%
- the mtk + mcl introduced strain mtk_mcl / atoDAB
- AtoDAB ⁇ ldhA it was shown that the strain into which mtk + mcl was introduced was improved in both isopropyl alcohol and acetone production and sugar yield as in atoDAB.
- atoDAB ⁇ ldhA, atoDAB ⁇ aceB, and atoDAB ⁇ aceB ⁇ glcB the yield of sugar was improved in the strains into which mtk + mcl was introduced over the control strain (vec) of each strain, so that mtk + mcl improved acetyl CoA and acetyl CoA. It is thought that the useful substances derived from the plant increased efficiently.
- Table 12 shows by-products.
- Example 34 ⁇ Construction of plasmid pGAPS>
- the plasmid pIC156 (Steinemetz et. Al., Gene, 1994, 142 (1): 79-83) was used as a template, and CCCGCGTACCCGTATAATAGATAGATATGTATGTAGTGTATGTAGTGTATGTATGTATGTATGTATGTATGTATGTATGTGTGTGTGTGTG ) And the resulting DNA fragment was phosphorylated with T4 Polynucleotide Kinase (Toyobo) to obtain a DNA fragment containing a spectinomycin resistance gene.
- T4 Polynucleotide Kinase Toyobo
- the plasmid pGAP is treated with PvuI, the DNA fragment is blunted with Toyobo blunting high, ligated with the DNA fragment containing the aforementioned spectinomycin resistance gene, transformed into a competent cell of Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain, A transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 120 ⁇ g / mL of tinomycin was obtained. The obtained colony was cultured overnight in an LB liquid medium containing 120 ⁇ g / mL of spectinomycin, and the resulting plasmid was named pGAPS.
- PCR was performed using the chromosomal DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain as a template to obtain about 3 kb. Then, PCR was carried out using the chromosomal DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain as a template using the 124 obtained above and the primer of SEQ ID NO: 125 to obtain an amplified DNA of about 1.1 kb. Amplified DNAs were each cut and ligated with PstI.
- This plasmid was cleaved with restriction enzymes ClaI and HindIII, and a DNA fragment of about 4 kb containing pGAPS and gcl genes was recovered.
- the DNA fragment was blunt-ended, self-ligated, transformed with Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ , cultured on an LB agar plate containing 120 ⁇ g / mL spectinomycin, and the grown bacteria were 120 ⁇ g / mL spectino.
- a transformant was obtained by culturing in an LB liquid medium containing mycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the resulting transformant to obtain plasmid pGAPS_gcl.
- Plasmid RSFCPG was removed from Pantoea ananatis AJ13601 (patent deposited strain BP-7207). Plasmid RSFCPG is a tetracycline-resistant plasmid having glutamate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, which are enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis reaction of L-glutamic acid (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-333769).
- Pantoea ananatis AJ417 (patent deposited strain BP-8646) was transformed by CaCl 2 method (Molecular Cloning, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor press, 2001) and cultured in LB medium containing 10 ⁇ L / mL tetracycline Then, Pantoea Ananatis AJ417 / RSFCPG (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PA strain) was obtained.
- Example 37 ⁇ Preparation of Pantoea ananatis aceB gene deletion strain>
- the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic DNA of Pantoea ananatis AJ13355 (patent deposited strain BP-6614) is publicly known (GenBank accession number AP012032), and the gene encoding pantoea ananatis malate synthase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PAaceB) (GenBank accession number NC — 017531) has also been reported.
- GACTCTAGAGGATCCCCGGGATGACAGACTCGGTTATCAACAGTGAATTACTTTTCAG SEQ ID NO: 128, GACGGGACGGCGGCTTTGTTGGCTTCCGCGTTATGAAAAAAGTAGAGAGC (SEQ ID NO: 129), TTGAGACACAACGTGGCTTTCCCAGCAAGGACAGCGCGCGCAATGAATG (SEQ ID NO: 130), ATGACCATGATTACGAATTCTCAGGGAAGCAGGCGGTAGCCTGGCAGAGTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 131), shown in Four kinds of oligonucleotide primers were synthesized.
- TTTTTCATAACGCGGAAGCCAACAAAGCCGCCGTCCCGTCAAGTCAGC SEQ ID NO: 132
- CGCGCGCTGTCCTGTCTGGAGAAGCCACGTTGGTTCTCCAAAATCTCTGATG2 Oligonucleotide which is a synthetic sequence with the nucleotide number
- a genomic DNA of Pantoea ananatis AJ417 strain was prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 128 and SEQ ID NO: 129 to amplify a DNA fragment containing a sequence near the aceB gene. (Hereinafter sometimes referred to as PAaceB-L fragment).
- PCR was performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 130 and SEQ ID NO: 131 to amplify a DNA fragment containing a sequence in the vicinity of the aceB gene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PAaceB-R fragment).
- a plasmid pUC4K carrying the kanamycin resistance gene was subjected to PCR with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 132 and SEQ ID NO: 133 to amplify a DNA fragment containing the kanamycin resistance gene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as KanR fragment).
- KanR fragment a DNA fragment containing the kanamycin resistance gene
- the plasmid pUC18 was treated with EcoRI and XmaI to prepare a pUC18 fragment.
- PAaceB-L fragment, PAaceB-R fragment, KanR fragment, and pUC18 fragment were recovered, and the fragments were mixed, treated with In-fusion HD cloning kit (Invitrogen), and Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ (NEB5 ⁇ New England Biolabs) competent cells were transformed and cultured on LB plates containing 30 ⁇ L / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed by DNA sequencing that the sequence aceB front partial sequence_kanamycin resistance gene_aceB rear partial sequence was constructed in the pUC18 vector.
- PCR with GCCCGCGAATTCCCCGAAAAGTGCCACCCTGACGTCTAAGAAACC (SEQ ID NO: 134) and ATGACCATGATTTACGAATTCCAGGGAAGCAGCGCGGTAGCCCTGGCAGATCTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 135) is performed with DNA.
- a plasmid with no was obtained.
- Pantoea ananatis AJ417 strain was transformed and cultured on an LB plate containing 30 ⁇ L / mL kanamycin. About the obtained colony, it was confirmed by genomic PCR and DNA sequencing that the aceB gene was correctly deleted.
- the obtained strain is transformed with RSFCPG by the CaCl 2 method, cultured in LB medium containing 10 ⁇ L / mL tetracycline, and may be abbreviated as Pantoea ananatis AJ417 strain aceB gene deletion strain (PA ⁇ aceB strain). Named).
- Example 38 ⁇ Preparation of Pantoea Ananatis fumA gene deletion strain> Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 (ATCC 23857) genomic DNA was prepared, and the resulting genomic DNA was used as a template, amplified by PCR using the primers AGTCTAGAGATCCTTTTACCACCCATCAC (SEQ ID NO: 136) and AGTCTGAAGTCGATAAACAGCCAAATT (SEQ ID NO: 137). The fragment was digested with restriction enzyme XhoI to obtain a DNA fragment containing about 2.0 kbp of sacB gene.
- the obtained DNA fragment and plasmid pHSG298 (Takara) were digested with restriction enzyme XhoI, further mixed with alkaline phosphatase-treated DNA fragment, ligated with ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd.) DNA-903) was transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to obtain a plasmid pHSG-sacB in which a DNA fragment containing the sacB gene was inserted into pHSG298.
- GCAACGTTGGCCTCTCATCT SEQ ID NO: 138
- CGGGATCCAACACCGCGCGGAAAAACA SEQ ID NO: 139
- GGGGATCCGTTAACGCAGGCTGAC SEQ ID NO: 140
- a genomic DNA of Pantoea ananatis AJ417 strain was prepared, and a DNA fragment of about 0.7 kb was amplified by PCR using the obtained genomic DNA as a template and a primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 138 and SEQ ID NO: 139 (hereinafter referred to as “the DNA fragment”) sometimes referred to as the fumA-L fragment).
- the DNA fragment sometimes referred to as the fumA-L fragment.
- a DNA fragment of about 0.9 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 140 and SEQ ID NO: 141 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as fumA-R fragment).
- psacB-PAfumA is a plasmid that can replicate in Pantoea ananatis.
- a psacB-PAfumA is used as a template, CTTTACACTTTATGCTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 142), and a SacI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- a DNA fragment of about 5 kbp was amplified by PCR using a primer pair of TTGAGCTCGAGAGGTCGTCCTCGGTGA (SEQ ID NO: 143). This DNA fragment was digested with SacI and ligated using ligase to obtain plasmid pPAfumA.
- the obtained pPAfumA contains a fumA-L fragment, a fumA-R fragment, a sacB gene, and a kanamycin resistance gene, and has no origin of replication.
- Pantoea ananatis AJ417 was transformed with pPAfumA by electroporation and applied to an LB agar medium containing 40 ⁇ g / ml kanamycin.
- the single cross strain obtained in the above medium was liquid cultured overnight in LB medium, and the culture solution was applied to LB agar medium containing 10% (W / V) sucrose. Next, clones showing kanamycin sensitivity and sucrose-containing medium growth were selected from the clones obtained in the above medium.
- a strain was obtained, which was selected by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 138 and SEQ ID NO: 141, which resulted in an amplification of about 1.5 kbp fragment due to deletion of the fumA gene.
- the strain was named Pantoea ananatis AJ417 strain fumA gene deletion strain (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PA ⁇ fumA strain).
- Example 39 ⁇ Preparation of pantoea ananatis fumA gene deletion, fumC gene deletion strain>
- TCGCCATGATGCGTCTGTGTG SEQ ID NO: 144
- CGGGATCCGAACTTAGCGGTCATCGTGTG SEQ ID NO: 145
- CGGATCTGGATG No. 146 oligonucleotide primers shown in TGATGCCGACAATATACGC
- a genomic DNA of Pantoea ananatis AJ417 strain was prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA was used as a template, and a DNA fragment of about 0.8 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 144 and SEQ ID NO: 145 (hereinafter referred to as “DNA fragment”). sometimes referred to as a fumC-L fragment).
- DNA fragment sometimes referred to as a fumC-L fragment
- a DNA fragment of about 0.7 kb was amplified by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 146 and SEQ ID NO: 147 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a fumC-R fragment).
- DNA fragments were separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, the fumC-L fragment and the fumC-R fragment were each digested with BamHI, ligated with ligase, and then 5′-terminal phosphorylated with T4 polynucleotide kinase. Went.
- This DNA fragment and pHSG-sacB prepared in Example 38 were digested with BamHI, blunt-ended with T4 DNA polymerase, and then further mixed with alkaline phosphatase-treated DNA fragment, which were combined using ligase. Thereafter, Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were transformed to obtain transformants that grew at 30 ° C.
- kanamycin sensitivity and growth of sucrose-containing medium were carried out in the same manner as in Example 38 except that the plasmid pPAfumA used in Example 38 was changed to pPAfumC and the Pantoea ananatis AJ417 strain used for transformation was changed to the PA ⁇ fumA strain. Clones that showed sex were selected. Furthermore, from the chromosomal DNA of these clones, a strain was obtained by PCR using the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 138 and SEQ ID NO: 141, whereby amplification of an approximately 1.5 kbp fragment was obtained due to deletion of the fumC gene.
- the obtained strain was transformed with RSFCPG by the CaCl 2 method, cultured in LB medium containing 10 ⁇ L / mL tetracycline, and pantoea ananatis fumA gene deletion strain (hereinafter referred to as PA ⁇ fumAC strain). Named).
- Example 40 ⁇ Construction of Pantoea Ananatis Evaluation Stock> Using the Pantoea ananatis PA strain, PA ⁇ aceB strain, PA ⁇ fumAC strain, prepared in Examples 36, 37, and 39, pGAPS in Example 34, pGAPS_gcl in Example 35, pMWGKC in Example 10, and PMWGKC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) of Example 21 was transformed by the CaCl 2 method or the electroporation method.
- Example 41 ⁇ Verification of introduction of 13 C-labeled CO 2 into glutamic acid by Pantoair strain>
- the target Pantoea strain was precultured in LB medium containing 30 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol, 120 ⁇ g / mL spectinomycin, 15 ⁇ g / mL tetracycline at 220 rpm and 30 ° C.
- the cells were collected from the precultured solution by centrifugation (5000 rpm, 5 minutes).
- the pre-cultured cells were added after adjusting so that the OD was in the range of 1-5. After sealing, the cells were cultured at 30 ° C. and 220 rpm for 1 day. The culture solution is periodically sampled, and the cells are removed by centrifugation (12,000 rpm, 3 minutes).
- the supernatant is filtered through a hydrophilic PTFE membrane filter (MILLIPORE, MSGVN2B50) to obtain a culture sample.
- MILLIPORE hydrophilic PTFE membrane filter
- Strains used as culture samples are summarized in Table 13.
- an appropriate amount of the sample is dried by freeze-drying or vacuum drying, and then 500 ⁇ L of MTBSTFA + 1% TBDMSCl (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, 375934) and 500 ⁇ L of dryDMF In addition, the mixture was heated at 80 ° C.
- the molecular weight 432 is a structure composed of the most abundant isotopes of all atoms, and the molecular weights 433 and 434 are considered to be structures further including one and two neutrons.
- Peaks having molecular weights of 432, 433, and 434 are [M + 0], [M + 1], and [M + 2], respectively, [M + 1] / [M + 0] is an x-axis, and [M + 2] / [M + 0] is a y-axis.
- the analysis results are shown in FIG.
- 13 C derived from NaH 13 CO 3 is introduced into only one of the 1st and 5th carbons of glutamic acid via oxaloacetic acid, and thus has a value on the stated baseline.
- the reference line was obtained by the following formula.
- x (x 0 ⁇ x 0 ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ ) / (1 ⁇ )
- y (y 0 ⁇ y 0 ⁇ ⁇ + x 0 ⁇ ⁇ ) / (1- ⁇ )
- ⁇ represents the ratio of 13 C isotopes of CO 2 -derived carbon (position 1 or position 5) in glutamic acid ⁇ 13 C / ( 13 C + 12 C) ⁇ .
- x and y indicate the coordinates of an arbitrary point on the reference line.
- x 0 , y 0 is the ratio of 12 C in the isotope ratio of carbon derived from CO 2 in glutamic acid (carbon at the 1st or 5th position of glutamic acid), and other atoms are natural
- 13 C derived from NaH 13 CO 3 is fixed by carbonic acid fixing enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc), pyruvate carboxylase (pyc), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck), Via oxaloacetic acid, it is introduced into only one of the 1st and 5th carbons of glutamic acid.
- ppc phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
- pyc pyruvate carboxylase
- pck phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- the control strain (PA / vec) was plotted on the reference line, and 13 C introduction via acetyl CoA was not observed.
- introduction of 13 C via acetyl CoA was not observed even in the introduced strain (PA / mtk_mcl) of only mtk + mcl. Since Pantoea ananatis does not have gcl, it is considered that the reaction did not proceed because gtkoxylic acid had no place only by the addition of mtk and mcl. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it was shown that CO 2 is converted to acetyl CoA not only by introducing mtk and mcl but also by connecting the pathway after gcl.
- Example 42 ⁇ Glutamic acid production by Pantoair strain> The amount of glutamic acid and the amount of by-products in the culture solution of Example 41 were measured.
- HPLC Waters 2695
- NN-814 Showa Denko
- UV / Vis detector Waters 2489
- glucose and other products in the filtrate an HPLC (Waters 2695) equipped with a ULTRON PS-80H (Shinwa Kako) column and an RI detector (Waters 2414) were used. The results are shown in Tables 14 and 15.
- the succinic acid and acetic acid decreased, and the total amount of by-products was greatly decreased when the aceB gene disrupted strain (PA ⁇ aceB / mtk_mcl / gcl) was compared with the strain before disruption (PA / mtk_mcl / gcl).
- PA ⁇ aceB / mtk_mcl / gcl the aceB gene disrupted strain
- PA mtk_mcl / gcl the amount of succinic acid decreased significantly, but the amount of acetic acid increased and the total amount of by-products decreased compared to that before the disruption (PA / mtk_mcl / gcl). did.
- Example 43 ⁇ Preparation of plasmid pCASET> pHSG298 (Takara) was used as a template to amplify the DNA fragment with the restriction enzyme XhoI by PCR amplification using the primers CCGCTCGAGTGACTCATACCACGGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 148) and CGCCTCGAGGCAAACCACTTCTTCACGAG (SEQ ID NO: 149). Thereafter, Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cells (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) were transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained cells, and the plasmid in which the XhoI recognition sequence was inserted into pHSG298 was named pHSG298-XhoI.
- the PCR fragment was amplified by PCR using the primers of ATCATCCAGCTGTCAGGGCAGCCATCGGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 150) and ATCCCCGGGAATTCTGTT (SEQ ID NO: 151) using pKK223-3 (Pharmacia) as a template, and the resulting DNA fragment was restricted with the restriction enzymes PvuII and PvuII Digestion with SmaI yielded a DNA fragment encoding the approximately 0.2 kbp tac promoter.
- the obtained DNA fragment was digested with the plasmid pHSG298-XhoI with the restriction enzyme PvuII, further mixed with about 2.4 kbp DNA fragment treated with alkaline phosphatase, ligated with ligase, and then competed with Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain.
- a cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and the pHSG298-XhoI lac promoter was replaced with the tac promoter to obtain a plasmid pHSGT1 in which the direction of the tac promoter was the same as the original lac promoter.
- pHSG298 was digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and ClaI to obtain a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kbp containing the multi-cloning site of pHSG298. .
- the obtained DNA fragment and plasmid pHSGT1 were digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and ClaI, mixed with about 1.7 kbp DNA fragment treated with alkaline phosphatase, ligated using ligase, and then competed with Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain.
- a cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to obtain a plasmid pHSGT2 in which a multi-cloning site of pHSG298 was linked downstream of the tac promoter.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and a plasmid in which a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pCASE1 and repA and repB was inserted into the XhoI recognition site of pHSGT2 was named pCSET.
- pCSET a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pCASE1 and repA and repB was inserted into the XhoI recognition site of pHSGT2
- Example 44 ⁇ Construction of plasmid pCASEL>
- the DNA fragment obtained by digesting the DNA fragment (SEQ ID NO: 152) containing the replication origin of pCASE1 and repA and repB (SEQ ID NO: 152) synthesized in Example 43 with the restriction enzyme XhoI and the plasmid pHSG298-XhoI prepared in Example 43 Is digested with restriction enzyme XhoI, further mixed with a DNA fragment treated with alkaline phosphatase, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ , and grown on an LB agar plate containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin. A conversion was obtained.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and a plasmid in which a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pCASE1 and repA and repB was inserted into the XhoI recognition site of pHSG298-XhoI was named pCASEL.
- pCASEL a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pCASE1 and repA and repB was inserted into the XhoI recognition site of pHSG298-XhoI
- the direction of pCASE1-derived repA was opposite to the pHSG298-derived lac promoter.
- Example 45 ⁇ Construction of Mtk and mcl expression plasmids derived from Methylococcus cappus latus> Using pMWKGC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) as a template, GGAATTCACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGGCTGTCCAAGAACCGTTCTAC (SEQ ID NO: 153) and CGAATTCTCAGAATCTATTCCGTGTTCTG (SEQ ID NO: 154) were used as a primer pair of m. The primers of SEQ ID NOs: 153 and 154 have an EcoRI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side. This DNA fragment and plasmid pCASET were cut with EcoRI and ligated.
- DNA sequencing confirms that the mcl-mtk fragment has been inserted in a direction suitable for expression by the promoter of the plasmid, and this plasmid was designated as pCASET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) and pCASEL_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc). Named.
- Example 46 ⁇ Construction of mtk expression plasmid derived from Granulibacter bethesdensis, Nitrosomonas europia, Hyhomicrobium methyloborum> pmWGKC_mcl (Hme) _mtk (Gb), pMWGKC_mcl (Hme) _mtk (Hme) _mcl, and pMWGKC_mcl (Ne) _mtk (Ne), respectively, dam ⁇ / dcm ⁇ Competent E.
- coli (New England Biolabs) is transformed and grown in LB medium containing 30 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol, and then the plasmid is recovered, cleaved with restriction enzymes EcoRI and XbaI, and contains about mtk and mcl. A 3 kb DNA fragment was recovered.
- the plasmid pCASEL is cleaved with restriction enzymes EcoRI and XbaI, ligated with a DNA fragment containing mtk and mcl, and vectors pCASEL_mcl (Hme) _mtk (Gb), pCASEL_mcl (Hme) for expressing mtk and mcl in Corynebacterium ) _Mtk (Hme), pCASEL_mcl (Ne) _mtk (Ne).
- the company owns mtk of Granulibacter Bethesdensis, Nitrosomonas Europia and Hyhomicrobium methyloborum.
- the corynebacterium plasmids produced so far are summarized in Table 16.
- Example 47 ⁇ Measurement of mtk activity in Corynebacterium> Using the plasmids prepared in Example 45 and Example 46, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13012 strain was transformed by electroporation, applied to an LB agar medium containing 15 ⁇ g / mg kanamycin, and 1 at 30 ° C. Incubated for ⁇ 4 days. The grown strain was cultured in an LB liquid medium containing 15 ⁇ g / mg kanamycin at 30 ° C. for 1 to 4 days, and the cells were collected by centrifugation.
- the cells were suspended in MOPS-K buffer pH 7.7, and crushed with a bead shocker (Yasui Kikai Co., Ltd., MB5000) using suspended 0.1 mm glass beads. Using the centrifugal supernatant (13,000 rpm, 2 min) as the mutant crude enzyme extract, the cell activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 16. The results are shown in Table 17.
- NBRC16295 ⁇ Construction of mtk, mcl, gcl, and glxR expression plasmids for Corynebacterium> Rhodococcus josti NBRC16295 was purchased from NBRC (Biological Resource Division, Biotechnology Headquarters, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation). NBRC16295 was cultured in NBRC medium number 802, and genomic DNA was obtained using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen).
- PCR was performed using CGAGCTCAAGCTTACAAAAAGAGATAAAAACAATGAGCACCATTGCATTCCATCG (SEQ ID NO: 155) CGGGATCCCTAGTCCCAGCAGCATGAGAG (SEQ ID NO: 156) to obtain a Rhodococcus glxR-gcl 15 fragment.
- the fragment obtained by digestion with SacI and BamHI was ligated with the plasmid obtained by digesting pCSET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) with SacI and BamHI.
- This plasmid was designated as pCASET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) _glxR (Rj) _gcl (Rj).
- Example 49 ⁇ Establishment of an evaluation strain for glutamate production and 13 C introduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum> Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM1412 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “CG strain”)
- CG strain Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM1412
- the plasmid constructed in Examples 43, 45 and 48 was used for transformation by electroporation. Each strain was applied to an LB agar medium containing 15 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin, and the grown strain was used as an evaluation strain. These strains are summarized in Table 18.
- Example 50 ⁇ Verification of introduction of 13C-labeled CO2 into glutamic acid by Corynebacterium strain> The target microorganism strain was cultured in 2 mL of LB liquid medium containing 15 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin at 30 ° C. and 280 rpm until sufficient growth was observed.
- the cells were collected from the precultured solution by centrifugation (5000 rpm, 5 minutes). For 2 mL of Corynebacterium containing 100 mM sodium bicarbonate ( 13 C labeled), 20 g / L glucose, 1.5% (w / v) Tween 60 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 15 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin A minimum medium (however, the Biotin final concentration was changed to 2 ⁇ g / L) was prepared, and the precultured cells were adjusted and added so that the OD was in the range of 1-5. After sealing, the cells were cultured at 30 ° C. and 150 rpm for 1-2 days.
- the culture solution is periodically sampled, the cells are removed by centrifugation (MILLIPORE 12,000 rpm, 3 minutes), and the supernatant is filtered through a hydrophilic PTFE membrane filter (MILLIPORE, MSGVN2B50). It was.
- the 13C analysis of the cultured sample was performed in the same manner as in Example 41. That is, the peak areas of MWs 432, 433, and 434 at the time of GC-MS analysis are [M], [M + 1], and [M + 2], respectively, the horizontal axis is [M + 1] / [M], and the vertical axis is [M + 2] / [M] is shown.
- the baseline was calculated according to the method described in Example 41.
- Example 51 ⁇ Glutamic acid production test by Corynebacterium strain> The amount of glutamic acid and the amount of by-products in the culture solution of Example 50 were measured. Glutamic acid, glucose, and other organic compounds in the culture were analyzed in the same manner as in Example 42. The results are shown in Table 19 and Table 20.
- the strain to which mtk + mcl + gcl + glxR was added (CG / mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR) showed higher sugar yield than the control strain (CG / vec) or the introduced strain with only mtk + mcl (CG / mtk_mcl).
- the amount of by-products when comparing the mtk + mcl + gcl + glxR-introduced strain (CG / mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR) and the control strain (CG / vec), unexpectedly, lactic acid was mainly decreased, and the total amount of by-products was also decreased. I understood.
- the introduced strain with only mtk + mcl (CG / mtk_mcl) was almost the same as the control strain with respect to the amount of by-products.
- Example 52 ⁇ Improvement of activity by introducing a mutation into the malate thiokinase gene derived from Methylobacterium extorques> pMWWGKC_mtk (Mex) _mcl was used as a template, PCR was performed with a primer pair having the sequence number shown in Table 21, treated with restriction enzyme DpnI to decompose the template, and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells, and chloram A transformant growing on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL of phenicol was obtained. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 30 ° C.
- the activity values of the mtkB Q244E mutation and the mtkB L144I mutation were improved as compared to those before the introduction of the mutation.
- the activity was improved in A, L, I, M, N, Y, K, and R.
- the activity was improved by mutation of N, D, K, R, H, Q, and P.
- CO 2 can be converted to acetyl CoA.
- substances derived from acetyl CoA such as isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and glutamic acid can also be efficiently produced.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 下記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれをも有していない微生物に、(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)のいずれも付与せず、または付与してもその機能を発揮せずに、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られたアセチルCoA生産回路を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物;
(a)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e)マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼとからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
[2] ホスホエノールピルビン酸またはピルビン酸が、オキサロ酢酸を経由し、さらにマレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼにより得られた2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸がさらに2-ホスホグリセリン酸を経由して再びホスホエノールピルビン酸に変換されるアセチルCoA生産回路を有する[1]に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[3](f)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、またはホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、またはホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一種と、
(g)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼと、
(h)マレートチオキナーゼと、
(i)マリルCoAリアーゼと、
(j)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼと、
(k)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、またはヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一種と、
(l)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ、またはホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ及びグリセリン酸3-キナーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一種と、
(m)エノラーゼと、
からなるアセチルCoA生産回路を有する[1]又は[2]に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[4] 微生物が、腸内細菌科に属する微生物又はコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[5] 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌若しくはパントエア属細菌である腸内細菌科に属する微生物、又は、コリネバクテリウム属細菌であるコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[6] 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌が有する乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼの活性が不活化または低減された[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[7] 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌が有する、イソクエン酸リアーゼ及びリンゴ酸シンターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの酵素の活性が不活化又は低減された[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[8] 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌に、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性及びアセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性が付与または強化された[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[9] 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌に、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性及びイソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性が付与または強化された[1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[10] 微生物が、パントエア属細菌であり、パントエア属細菌が有する、フマル酸ヒドラターゼA及びフマル酸ヒドラターゼCの活性が不活化または低減された[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[11] 微生物が、パントエア属細菌であり、パントエア属細菌が有するリンゴ酸シンターゼの活性が不活化または低減された[1]~[5]及び[10]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[12] マレートチオキナーゼにおいて、メチロバクテリウム・エクストロクエンス由来のmtkBの144番のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸がイソロイシン、アスパラギン、アスパラギン酸、リジン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、グルタミンもしくはプロリン、及び/又は244番目のアミノ酸がグルタミン酸、アラニン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、メチオニン、アスパラギン、チロシン、リジンもしくはアルギニンであるマレートチオキナーゼを用いることを特徴とする[1]~[11]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[13] [1]~[12]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からアセチルCoAを生産することを含むアセチルCoA生産方法。
[14] [9]又は[12]に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からアセトンを生産することを含むアセトン生産方法。
[15] [9]又は[12]に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からイソプロピルアルコールを生産することを含むイソプロピルアルコール生産方法。
[16] [5]、[10]、[11]又は[12]に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からグルタミン酸を生産することを含むグルタミン酸生産方法。
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(e)マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼとからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
すなわち本発明とは、CO2をアセチルCoAへと変換するために種々検討した結果、上述のように、下記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれをも有していない微生物に、(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)のいずれも付与せず、または付与してもその機能を発揮せずに、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することによりCO2をアセチルCoAへと変換できることを見出したものである。
(a)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e)マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼとからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
図1に記載のアセチルCoA生産回路は、本発明におけるアセチルCoA生産回路の好ましい一態様を示す(以下、「図1の回路」と称する場合がある。)。
図1の回路の収支としては、ホスホエノールピルビン酸を出発物質とする場合、「ホスホエノールピルビン酸+2CoA+CO2+3NAD(P)H+3ATP→2アセチルCoA+3NAD(P)++3ADP」である。
また、ピルビン酸を出発物質とする場合、「ピルビン酸+2CoA+CO2+3NAD(P)H+4ATP→2アセチルCoA+3NAD(P)++4ADP」となる。
すなわち、図1の回路は、CO2を固定してアセチルCoAへと変換する際、ホスホエノールピルビン酸(もしくはピルビン酸)、NAD(P)H、ATP、の供給を必要とする。
本発明において、組成物中の各成分の量について言及する場合、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本発明における酵素活性の「低減」とは、当該酵素をコードする遺伝子の遺伝子組換え技術により、それらの処理を行う前の状態よりも有意に当該酵素の活性が低下している状態を指す。
強化の方法としては、微生物が有している各種酵素の活性が高まれば、特に制限はなく、細胞外から導入された酵素遺伝子による強化、細胞内の酵素遺伝子の発現増強による強化及びこれらの組み合わせを挙げることができる。
微生物内の酵素遺伝子の発現増強による強化としては、具体的には、酵素遺伝子の発現を増強する塩基配列を宿主微生物の微生物外から微生物内に導入すること、宿主微生物がゲノム上に保有する酵素遺伝子のプロモーターを他のプロモーターと置換することによって酵素遺伝子の発現を強化させること、及びこれらの組み合わせを挙げることができる。
「活性」の「強化」もしくは「付与」で用いられるプロモーターとしては、遺伝子を発現できるものであれば特に制限はないが、構成型プロモーターもしくは誘導型プロモーターを使用することができる。
なお、本発明における「宿主」とは、本来、炭素源材料からアセチルCoAを生産する能力を有するか否かに関わらず、何らかの手段を用いることにより炭素源材料からアセチルCoAを生産する能力を有し得る微生物を意味する。
(a)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e)マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼとからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
ここで、本発明における「(生来)有していない」とは、宿主微生物が天然界において本来的に有していないことを意味する。
(1)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.1に示されたアセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、プロピオニルCoA、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(2)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.4Aに示されたアセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、マロン酸セミアルデヒド、β-アラニン、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(3)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.4B、16又は18に示されたアセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、(R)-乳酸又は(S)-乳酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(4)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.8に示されたアセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、マロン酸セミアルデヒド又はヒドロキシプロピオン酸、ピルビン酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(5)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.9A、9B又は9Cに示されたアセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、2-ケトグルタル酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(6)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.9D又は9Fに示されたアセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、メチルマロニルCoA、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(7)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.17に示されたアセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、マロン酸セミアルデヒド又はヒドロキシプロピオン酸、メチルマロニルCoA、ピルビン酸、オキサロ酢酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(8)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.1に示されたアセチルCoAがピルビン酸、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、オキサロ酢酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(9)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.7C、7D又は7Eに示されたアセチルCoAがピルビン酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
(10)国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.9Mに示されたアセチルCoAがピルビン酸、2-ケトグルタル酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路
本明細書における「クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路」とは、国際公開第2011/099006号パンフレットのFIG.9H又は9Jに示されたアセチルCoAがクロトニルCoA、エチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoA、オキサロ酢酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路を指す。
上記のクロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの変換を触媒するのがクロトニルCoAカルボキラーゼ-レダクターゼ又はメチルクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼである。クロトニルCoAカルボキラーゼ-レダクターゼは、炭酸塩に対するKmが高く(14mM; PNAS 104(25)10631-10636、(2007))、低濃度域での活性が見込めない。また、基質であるクロトニルCoAは3-ヒドロキシブチリルCoAから脱水反応により生産されるが、このような酵素は通常水中環境下だと逆反応の水和反応が優勢であるため、十分な速度が見込めない。また、メチルクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼは、報告されている比活性がそれほど高くない(0.2-0.6U/mg; Arch Biochem Biophys. 310(1) 64-75 (1994))上に、上記同様、基質であるクロトニルCoAの生産に十分な速度が見込めないという問題もある。
本明細書におけて、炭酸固定回路を「付与してもその機能を発揮せずに(しない)」とは、対象酵素遺伝子を見出せない微生物に対して、活性を持つ酵素遺伝子を外部から導入し、対象となる酵素の活性は与えるが、炭酸固定回路が機能していないことを指す。「炭酸固定回路が機能してしない」ことは、ラベルされたCO2を用いた試験で、回路中の代謝産物またはそれら代謝産物に由来する物質にCO2由来のラベルが検出されない、もしくは回路中の代謝産物に由来する物質の対糖収率等の上昇が見られない等により間接的に把握することができる。
図1の回路上の酵素を一部保有しないために、図1のいずれの経路でも閉じられた回路が形成されない微生物においては、不足となる酵素を付与する必要がある。エシェリヒア属細菌のうち、たとえば大腸菌は、マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼを保有しないため、少なくとも、両酵素を付与すればよい。
また、パントエア属細菌、たとえばパントエア・アナナティスは、マレートチオキナーゼ、およびマリルCoAリアーゼ、およびグリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼを保有しないため、少なくとも、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼを付与すればよい。
また、コリネ型細菌のうち、たとえばコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムは、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼを保有しないため、少なくとも、マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼと、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼと、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及び/又はヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼを付与すればよい。
マレートチオキナーゼは、例えば、メチロバクテリウム・エクストルクエンス(Methylobacterium extorquens)等のメチロバクテリウム属由来(配列番号70及び71)、ハイホマイクロビウム・メチロボラム(Hyphomicrobium methylovolum)、ハイホマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス(Hyphomicrobium denitrificans)等のハイホマイクロビウム属由来、リゾビウム・エスピー(Rhizobium sp)NGR234等のリゾビウム属由来、グラニュリバクター ベセスデンシス(Granulibacter bethesdensis)等のグラニュリバクター属由来(配列番号107及び108)、ニトロソモナス ユーロピア(Nitrosomonas europaea)等のニトロソモナス属由来、メチロコッカス キャプスラタス(Methylococcus capsulatus)等のメチロコッカス属由来、ガンマプロテオバクテリア界由来のものが挙げられる。
ハイホマイクロビウム属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ(配列番号73、74及び110及び111)、リゾビウム属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ(配列番号75及び76)及びニトロソモナス属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ(配列番号113及び114)は、65%~80%の相同性を有する。また、メチロコッカス属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ(配列番号116、117)は、ガンマプロテオバクテリア界由来のマレートチオキナーゼ(例えば配列番号118、119)と70%~80%の相同性を有する。
本発明において開示されているハイホマイクロビウム属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ、リゾビウム属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ、ニトロソモナス属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ、メチロコッカス属由来のマレートチオキナーゼ、ガンマプロテオバクテリア界由来のマレートチオキナーゼに対し、それぞれのアミノ酸配列において70%以上のホモロジーを持ち、かつマレートチオキナーゼ活性を有するマレートチオキナーゼは、本発明のアセチルCoA及びアセチルCoAに由来する有用な産物の生産に好適に使用できる。
MtkA(図3)では、16番目のフェニルアラニン、19番目のリジン、アルギニン、グルタミン酸もしくはグルタミン、20番目のイソロイシンもしくはヒスチジン、30番目のアルギニンもしくはアスパラギン酸、46番目のグルタミン、スレオニンもしくはセリン、47番目のアラニン、セリン、リジンもしくはアルギニン、49番目のロイシンもしくはプロリン、51番目のメチオニン、アルギニンもしくはロイシン、67番目のアスパラギン酸もしくはグルタミン酸、68番目のアラニンもしくはバリン、71番目のバリンもしくはイソロイシン、74番目のプロリン、90番目のイソロイシン、93番目のシステイン、アラニンもしくはイソロイシン、94番目のバリン、119番目のアスパラギン酸、アラニンもしくはセリン、121番目のメチオニン、セリンもしくはシステイン、124番目のイソロイシン、スレオニンもしくはロイシン、137番目のアラニンもしくはシステイン、151番目のアルギニン、バリンもしくはアスパラギン、155番目のバリン、171番目のアラニン、アルギニンもしくはリジン、193番目のリジン、アルギニンもしくはバリン、195番目のメチオニン、バリンもしくはイソロイシン、197番目のグルタミン酸、グルタミン、アルギニンもしくはリジン、223番目のアラニンもしくはグリシン、224番目のロイシンもしくはアルギニン、226番目のアラニン、230番目のメチオニン、259番目のフェニルアラニン、アラニンもしくはグルタミン酸、267番目のバリンもしくはメチオニン、271番目のグルタミン酸もしくはリジン、273番目のアラニン、システインもしくはロイシン、280番目のスレオニンもしくはアスパラギン、282番目のセリンもしくはアラニン、294番目のアラニン、リジン、グルタミン、グリシンもしくはグルタミン酸、295番目のメチオニン、グルタミン、アルギニン、ロイシンもしくはヒスチジンが挙げられる。
これらのアミノ酸配列を1つ以上有するマレートチオキナーゼは、酵素活性の観点からより好適である。
MtkB(図2)の43番目のバリン、120番目のイソロイシン、143番目のイソロイシン、192番目のアラニン、230番目のグルタミン酸、232番目のアルギニン、248番目のグリシン及び255番目のアスパラギン酸が挙げられる。
MtkA(図3)では16番目のフェニルアラニン、74番目のプロリン、90番目のイソロイシン、94番目のバリン、155番目のバリン、226番目のアラニン及び230番目のメチオニンが挙げられる。
これらの特徴的な共通配列、及び全体的に保存された共通配列以外の相同性のない部分には、変異が入っていても良い。これらのアミノ酸配列を有するマレートチオキナーゼは、酵素活性の観点からさらに好適である。
MtkB(図2)の29番目のグルタミン酸、34番目のアルギニン、68番目のイソロイシン、83番目のヒスチジン、91番目のロイシン、95番目のロイシン、103番目のイソロイシン、111番目のフェニルアラニン、141番目のアスパラギン酸、182番目のグリシン、183番目のシステイン、252番目のバリン、299番目のリジン、345番目のバリン、354番目のグルタミン酸、357番目のアルギニン及び374番目のアラニンが挙げられる。
MtkA(図3)では20番目のイソロイシン、68番目のアラニン、93番目のシステイン、121番目のメチオニン、123番目のロイシン、137番目のアラニン、224番目のロイシン、236番目のアラニン、237番目のチロシン、238番目のイソロイシン、261番目のグルタミン酸、267番目のバリン、270番目のロイシン、271番目のリジン、275番目のバリン、277番目のイソロイシン、280番目のスレオニン及び282番目のセリンが挙げられる。
これらの特徴的な共通配列、及び全体的に保存された共通配列以外の相同性のない部分には、変異が入っていても良い。これらのアミノ酸配列を有するマレートチオキナーゼは、酵素活性の観点からさらに好適である。
MtkB(図2)の2番目のアスパラギン、15番目のチロシン、18番目のプロリン、26番目のチロシン、28番目のアスパラギン酸、34番目のバリン、36番目のグルタミン酸、38番目のイソロイシン、53番目のグリシン、60番目のバリン、6364番目のアラニン、65番目のセリン、67番目のグルタミン酸、74番目のアスパラギン酸、76番目のメチオニン、114番目のイソロイシン、119番目のグルタミン、122番目のスレオニン、128番目のグルタミン酸、132番目のグルタミン酸、136番目のバリン、143番目のリジン、145番目のバリン、147番目のグルタミン酸、153番目のイソロイシン、160番目のシステイン、162番目のリジン、163番目のバリン、166番目のアラニン、167番目のイソロイシン、173番目のロイシン、174番目のメチオニン、176番目のグルタミン、179番目のアルギニン、180番目のロイシン、181番目のメチオニン、184番目のイソロイシン、194番目のロイシン、195番目のグルタミン、203番目のイソロイシン、204番目のバリン、205番目のグリシン、211番目のロイシン、218番目のフェニルアラニン、219番目のアスパラギン、237番目のロイシン、239番目のグルタミン酸、240番目のグルタミン酸、245番目のバリン、246番目のグルタミン酸、249番目のグリシン、253番目のアスパラギン、256番目のアラニン、277番目のアラニン、281番目のヒスチジン、298番目のグルタミン酸、299番目のリジン、302番目のアスパラギン、304番目のシステイン、306番目のイソロイシン、330番目のイソロイシン、334番目のロイシン、336番目のグルタミン、340番目のセリン、341番目のロイシン、370番目のフェニルアラニン、375番目のアスパラギン、377番目のアスパラギン酸、378番目のアスパラギン酸、381番目のアラニン及び386番目のイソロイシンが挙げられる。
MtkA(図3)では4番目のフェニルアラニン、5番目のバリン、6番目のアスパラギン、8番目のヒスチジン、9番目のセリン、11番目のバリン、12番目のイソロイシン、20番目のヒスチジン、28番目のアラニン、30番目のアルギニン、33番目のスレオニン、56番目のロイシン、60番目のアスパラギン酸、72番目のアスパラギン酸、73番目のバリン、91番目のイソロイシン、96番目のアルギニン、97番目のバリン、102番目のアラニン、107番目のバリン、111番目のイソロイシン、114番目のグルタミン、117番目のアルギニン、119番目のグリシン、121番目のアスパラギン酸、129番目のスレオニン、130番目のプロリン、134番目のスレオニン、137番目のグルタミン酸、138番目のシステイン、139番目のリジン、140番目のバリン、163番目のアスパラギン、168番目のグルタミン酸、175番目のロイシン、191番目のスレオニン、192番目のアスパラギン酸、194番目のバリン、195番目のスレオニン、196番目のバリン、199番目のアラニン、210番目のバリン、221番目のバリン、222番目のアラニン、224番目のアラニン、225番目のアルギニン、227番目のアラニン、260番目のグルタミン酸、263番目のスレオニン、266番目のアラニン、268番目のメチオニン、269番目のアスパラギン酸、270番目のアラニン、272番目のグルタミン酸、274番目のロイシン、277番目のチロシン、280番目のアルギニン、281番目のアスパラギン、283番目のアラニン、285番目のイソロイシン、290番目のロイシン、291番目のアルギニン、292番目のアラニン、295番目のグルタミン酸が挙げられる。
これらの特徴的な共通配列、及び全体的に保存された共通配列以外の相同性のない部分には変異が入っていても良い。
これらのアミノ酸配列を有するマレートチオキナーゼは、酵素活性の観点から最も好適である。
好適なものとしては、メチロバクテリウム・エクストルクエンス等のメチロバクテリウム属由来(配列番号110及び111)、ハイホマイクロビウム メチロボラム、ハイホマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス等のハイホマイクロビウム属由来、リゾビウム エスピー NGR234等のリゾビウム属由来、グラニュリバクター ベセスデンシス等のグラニュリバクター属由来、ニトロソモナス ユーロピア等のニトロソモナス属由来、メチロコッカス キャプスラタス等のメチロコッカス属由来、ガンマプロテオバクテリア界由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
アセチルCoAの生産効率の観点から、好ましくはハイホマイクロビウム属由来(配列番号61及び62、配列番号86及び87)、リゾビウム属由来(例えば、配列番号63)、グラニュリバクター属由来(配列番号81及び82)、ニトロソモナス属由来(配列番号91及び92)、メチロコッカス属由来(配列番号96及び97)、ガンマプロテオバクテリア界由来の遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号102及び103)を有するDNAが例示される。
特に好ましくはハイホマイクロビウム属由来遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号63及び64、配列番号86及び87)、及びコドンを最適化したリゾビウム属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列(例えば、配列番号63)、ニトロソモナス属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号91及び92)、メチロコッカス属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号96及び97)、ガンマプロテオバクテリア界由来の遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号102及び103)が例示される。
アセチルCoAの生産効率の観点から、特に好ましくはメチロバクテリウム属由来のアミノ酸配列(配列番号69)ハイホマイクロビウム属由来のアミノ酸配列(配列番号72及び109)、ニトロソモナス属由来のアミノ酸配列(配列番号112)、メチロコッカス属由来のアミノ酸配列(配列番号115)が例示される。
マリルCoAリアーゼの比活性としては、たとえば、メチロバクテリウム・エクストロクエンスにおいて、精製酵素として28.1U/mgという報告がある(Biochem. J. 139, 399-405, (1974))。
好適なものとしては、メチロバクテリウム・エクストルクエンス等のメチロバクテリウム属由来、ハイホマイクロビウム・メチロボラム、ハイホマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス等のハイホマイクロビウム属由来、クロロフレクサス・アウランチアクス等のクロロフレクサス属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。アセチルCoAの生産効率の観点から、特に好ましくはメチロバクテリウム属由来の遺伝子、及びハイホマイクロビウム属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
特に好ましいメチロバクテリウム属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列の一例としては、メチロバクテリウム・エクストルクエンス由来遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号66)ハイホマイクロビウム属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列の一例としては、ハイホマイクロビウム・メチロボラム由来遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号60)、ハイホマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス由来遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号85)、ニトロソモナス属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列の一例としては、ニトロソモナス ユーロピア由来遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号90)、メチロコッカス属由来の遺伝子の塩基配列の一例としては、メチロコッカス キャプスラタス由来遺伝子の塩基配列(配列番号95)が挙げられる。
前記マロン酸セミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼとは、国際生化学連合(I.U.B.)酵素委員会報告に準拠した、酵素番号1.2.1.18に分類され、マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒドへと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
前記マロニルCoAレダクターゼとは、マロニルCoAをマロン酸セミアルデヒドもしくは3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸へと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
前記クロトニルCoAカルボキラーゼ-レダクターゼは、国際生化学連合(I.U.B.)酵素委員会報告に準拠した、酵素番号1.3.1.85に分類され、クロトニルCoAをエチルマロニルCoAへと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
前記メチルクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼは、国際生化学連合(I.U.B.)酵素委員会報告に準拠した、酵素番号6.4.1.4に分類され、クロトニルCoAをグルタコニルCoAへと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
前記ピルビン酸シンターゼは、国際生化学連合(I.U.B.)酵素委員会報告に準拠した、酵素番号1.2.7.1に分類され、アセチルCoAをピルビン酸へと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
するDNAが例示される。
前記リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼの遺伝子(mdh)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム等のコリネバクテリウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、パントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
前記グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼの遺伝子(gcl)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるグリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、ロドコッカス・ジョスティ等のロドコッカス属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
前記2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼの遺伝子(glxR)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られる2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
前記ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼの遺伝子(hyi)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム等のコリネバクテリウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、パントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
例えば、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、およびパントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
前記ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼの遺伝子(ycdW)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、およびパントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
本発明におけるグリセリン酸3-キナーゼの遺伝子(glxK)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるグリセリン酸3-キナーゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム等のコリネバクテリウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、パントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
本発明におけるグリセリン酸2-キナーゼの遺伝子(garK)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるグリセリン酸2-キナーゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム等のコリネバクテリウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、パントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
前記ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼの遺伝子(gpm)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム等のコリネバクテリウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、パントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
前記エノラーゼの遺伝子(eno)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるエノラーゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム等のコリネバクテリウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、パントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
前記ピルビン酸キナーゼの遺伝子(pyk)としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるピルビン酸キナーゼをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム等のコリネバクテリウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌、パントエア・アナナティス等のパントエア属細菌由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。
(a)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e)マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼとからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
腸内細菌科に属する微生物としては、エンテロバクター属、エルビニア属、エシェリヒア属、クレブシエラ属、パントエア属、プロビデンシア属、サルモネラ属、セラチア属、シゲラ属、モルガネラ属、エルウィニア属等に属する菌が挙げられる。中でも、有用な代謝産物を効率的に生産できるという観点から、エシェリヒア属又はパントエア属に属する微生物が好ましい。
コリネバクテリウム属細菌としては、例えばコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムなどが挙げられる。
近年、エンテロクター属に属する菌には、パントエア・アグロメランス(Pantoea agglomerans)又はパントエア・ディスパーサ(Pantoea dispersa)等に再分類されているものがある(International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, July 39(3) 337-345 (1989))。
また、エルビニア属に属する菌にはパントエア・アナナス(Pantoea ananas)、パントエア・スチューアルティに再分類されているものがある(International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 43(1), 162-173 (1993))。
エンテロバクター属細菌としては、エンテロバクター・アグロメランス(Enterobacter agglomerans)、エンテロバクター・アエロゲネス(Enterobacter aerogenes)等が挙げられる。具体的には、欧州特許出願公開952221号明細書に例示された菌株を使用することが出来る。エンテロバクター属の代表的な株として、エンテロバクター・アグロメランスATCC12287株が挙げられる。
・パントエア・アナナティスAJ13355株(FERM BP-6614)(欧州特許出願公開0952221号明細書)
・パントエア・アナナティスAJ13356株(FERM BP-6615)(欧州特許出願公開0952221号明細書)
尚、これらの菌株は、欧州特許出願公開0952221号明細書にはエンテロバクター・アグロメランスとして記載されているが、現在では、上記のとおり、16S rRNAの塩基配列解析などにより、パントエア・アナナティスに再分類されている。
また、これまでブレビバクテリウム属に分類されていたが、その後コリネバクテリウム属に再分類されている微生物(Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 41, 255(1991))、および類縁菌であるブレビバクテリウム属に属する微生物も挙げられる。以下にコリネ型細菌の例を列挙する。
例えば、コリネバクテリウム・アセトアシドフィラム、コリネバクテリウム・アセトグルタミカム、コリネバクテリウム・アルカノリティカム、コリネバクテリウム・カルナエ、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム、コリネバクテリウム・リリウム、コリネバクテリウム・メラセコーラ、コリネバクテリウム・サーモアミノゲネス、コリネバクテリウム・ハーキュリス、ブレビバクテリウム・ディバリカタム、ブレビバクテリウム・フラバム、ブレビバクテリウム・インマリオフィラム、ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタム、ブレビバクテリウム・ロゼウム、ブレビバクテリウム・サッカロリティカム、ブレビバクテリウム・チオゲニタリス、コリネバクテリウム・アンモニアゲネス、ブレビバクテリウム・アルバム、ブレビバクテリウム・セリヌム、ミクロバクテリウム・アンモニアフィラムが挙げられる。
コリネバクテリウム・アセトアシドフィラム ATCC13870、コリネバクテリウム・アセトグルタミカム ATCC15806、コリネバクテリウム・アルカノリティカム ATCC21511、コリネバクテリウム・カルナエ ATCC15991、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム ATCC13020、13032、13060、コリネバクテリウム・リリウム ATCC15990、コリネバクテリウム・メラセコーラ ATCC17965、コリネバクテリウム・サーモアミノゲネス AJ12340(FERM BP-1539)、コリネバクテリウム・ハーキュリス ATCC13868、ブレビバクテリウム・ディバリカタム ATCC14020、ブレビバクテリウム・フラバム ATCC13826、ATCC14067、AJ12418(FERM BP-2205)、ブレビバクテリウム・インマリオフィラム ATCC14068、ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタム(コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム)ATCC13869、ブレビバクテリウム・ロゼウム ATCC13825、ブレビバクテリウム・サッカロリティカム ATCC14066、ブレビバクテリウム・チオゲニタリス ATCC19240、ブレビバクテリウム・アンモニアゲネス ATCC6871、ATCC6872、ブレビバクテリウム・アルバム ATCC15111、ブレビバクテリウム・セリヌム ATCC15112及びミクロバクテリウム・アンモニアフィラム ATCC15354を包含する。
また、微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌である場合には、エシェリヒア属細菌に、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性及びイソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性が付与または強化されたアセチルCoA生産微生物も、本発明におけるアセチルCoA生産微生物の好ましい一態様として挙げられる。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム(Clostridium acetobutylicum)、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)等のエシェリヒア属細菌、ハロバクテリウム種(Halobacterium sp.)細菌、ズーグロア・ラミゲラ(Zoogloea ramigera)等のズーグロア属細菌、リゾビウム種(Rhizobium sp.)細菌、ブラディリゾビウム・ジャポニカム(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)等のブラディリゾビウム属細菌、カンジダ・トロピカリス(Candida tropicalis)等のカンジダ属細菌、カウロバクター・クレセンタス(Caulobacter crescentus)等のカウロバクター属細菌、ストレプトマイセス・コリナス(Streptomyces collinus)等のストレプトマイセス属細菌、エンテロコッカス・ファカリス(Enterococcus faecalis)等のエンテロコッカス属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム(Clostridium acetobutylicum)、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌、バチルス・ポリミクサ(Bacillus polymyxa)等のバチルス属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム(Clostridium acetobutylicum)、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌、ローセブリア・インテスチナリス(Roseburia intestinalis)等のローセブリア属細菌、ファカリバクテリウム・プラウセンツ(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)等ファカリバクテリウム属細菌、コプロコッカス(Coprococcus)属細菌、トリパノソーマ・ブルセイ(Trypanosoma brucei)等のトリパノソーマ、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli:大腸菌)等エシェリヒア属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
より好ましくは、イソプロピルアルコール生産能が予め付与された大腸菌であることができ、これにより、より効率よくイソプロピルアルコールを生産させることができる。
このようなイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌としては、例えば国際公開第2009/008377号パンフレットに記載されているアセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、及びチオラーゼ活性を付与され、植物由来原料からイソプロピルアルコールを生成しうるイソプロピルアルコール生成大腸菌などを挙げることができる。その他、国際公開第2009/094485号パンフレット、国際公開第2009/094485号パンフレット、国際公開第2009/046929号パンフレット、国際公開第2009/046929号パンフレットに記載の微生物も、イソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌の例として挙げられる。
本発明におけるイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌は、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性及び前述したチオラーゼ活性の4種類の酵素活性が、細胞外から付与されていることが好ましい。
(1)グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Pgi)活性、グルコース-6-リン酸-1-デヒドロゲナーゼ(Zwf)活性及びホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(Gnd)活性の野生型の維持、
(2)グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Pgi)活性の不活性化と、グルコース-6-リン酸-1-デヒドロゲナーゼ(Zwf)活性の強化、
(3)グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Pgi)活性の不活性化と、グルコース-6-リン酸-1-デヒドロゲナーゼ(Zwf)活性の強化と、ホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(Gnd)活性の不活性化。
なかでも、上記(3)の補助酵素群の酵素活性パターンがイソプロピルアルコール生産能の観点からより好ましい。
前記グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Pgi)とは、国際生化学連合(I.U.B.)酵素委員会報告に準拠した酵素番号5.3.1.9に分類され、D-グルコース-6-リン酸からD-フルクトース-6-リン酸を生成する反応を触媒する酵素の総称を指す。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、ディノコッカス・ラジオフィラス(Deinococcus radiophilus)等のディノコッカス属菌、アスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)、アスペルギルス・アキュリタス(Aspergillus aculeatus)等のアスペルギルス属菌、アセトバクター・ハンセニー(Acetobacter hansenii)等のアセトバクター属菌、サーモトガ・マリチナ(Thermotoga maritima)等のサーモトガ属菌、クリプトコッカス ネオフォルマンス(Cryptococcus neoformans)等のクリプトコッカス属菌、ディクチョステリウム・ディスコイデウム(Dictyostelium discoideum等)のディクチョステリウム属菌、シュードモナス・フルオセセンス(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、シュードモナス・エルギノーサ(Pseudomonas aeruginos等のシュードモナス属、サッカロミセス・セレビジエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)等のサッカロミセス属、バチルス・メガテリウム(Bacillus megaterium)等のバチルス属菌、エシェリヒア・コリ等のエシェリヒア属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
称を指す。
前記乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(LdhA)とは、ピルビン酸とNADHからD-乳酸とNADを生成する酵素を指す。
グルタミン酸生産微生物の具体例としては、エシェリヒア属細菌やパントエア属細菌などの腸内細菌科属菌、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムなどのコリネ型細菌等が挙げられるが、本発明の微生物はこれらの例に限定されない。
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ3949 (FERMBP-2632;特開昭50-113209号公報参照)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11628 (FERM P-5736;特開昭57-065198号公報参照)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11355(FERM P-5007;特開昭56-1889号公報参照)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11368(FERM P-5020;特開昭56-1889号公報参照)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11217(FERM P-4318;特開昭57-2689号公報参照)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11218(FERM P-4319;特開昭57-2689号公報参照)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11564(FERM P-5472;特開昭56-140895公報参照)
ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11439(FERM P-5136;特開昭56-35981号公報参照)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムH7684(FERM BP-3004;特開平04-88994号公報参照)
・ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタムAJ11426(FERM P-5123;特開平56-048890号公報参照)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11440(FERM P-5137;特開平56-048890号公報参照)
・ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタムAJ11796(FERM P-6402;特開平58-158192号公報参照)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11576 (FERM BP-10381;特開昭56-161495号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバム AJ12212 (FERM P-8123;特開昭61-202694号公報)
4-アミノ酪酸を製造する微生物としては、たとえば、特開2011-167097号公報のように、グルタミン酸生産微生物にグルタミン酸脱炭酸酵素を導入した微生物が挙げられる。
4-ヒドロキシ酪酸を製造する微生物としては、たとえば、特開2009-171960号公報のように、グルタミン酸生産微生物に、グルタミン酸脱炭酸酵素、アミノ基転移酵素、アルデヒド脱水素酵素、を導入した微生物が挙げられる。
2-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸を製造する微生物としては、たとえば、国際公開第2009/135074号パンフレットや国際公開第2009/156214号パンフレット記載の経路を導入した微生物が挙げられる。
3-アミノイソ酪酸、メタクリル酸を製造する微生物としては、たとえば、国際公開第2009/135074号パンフレット記載の経路を導入した微生物が挙げられる。
前記アセチルCoA生産方法によれば、前記アセチルCoA生産微生物と炭素原材料とを接触させて培養するので、前記アセチルCoA生産微生物により炭素源材料が資化され、二酸化炭素を固定しながら、効率よく目的生産物を生産することができる。
前記植物由来原料としては、根、茎、幹、枝、葉、花、種子等の器官、それらを含む植物体、それら植物器官の分解産物を指し、更に植物体、植物器官、またはそれらの分解産物から得られる炭素源のうち、微生物が培養において炭素源として利用し得るものも、植物由来原料に包含される。
前記植物由来原料とアセチルCoA生産微生物との接触密度は、アセチルCoA生産微生物の活性によって異なるが、一般に、培地中の植物由来原料の濃度として、グルコース換算で初発の糖濃度を混合物の全質量に対して20質量%以下とすることができ、アセチルCoA生産微生物の耐糖性の観点から好ましくは、初発の糖濃度を15質量%以下とすることができる。この他の各成分は、微生物の培地に通常添加される量で添加されればよく、特に制限されない。
前記イソプロピルアルコール生産方法において用いられるアセチルCoA生産微生物としては、アセチルCoA生産微生物の好ましい一態様として前述したチオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性及びイソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物であることが、イソプロピルアルコールの生産効率の観点から好ましい。
なお、本方法における混合物とは、宿主となる微生物の培養に一般的に用いられる基本培地を主体とすればよい。培養条件については、前述した事項がそのまま適用される。
回収されたイソプロピルアルコール又はアセトンが水溶液の状態である場合には、本イソプロピルアルコール生産方法又はアセトン生産方法は、回収工程に加えて、脱水工程を更に含んでいてもよい。イソプロピルアルコール又はアセトンの脱水は、常法により行なうことができる。
また、培養槽には、連結管を介して、捕捉液としてのトラップ液が収容されたトラップ槽が連結されている。このとき、トラップ槽へ移動した気体又は液体がトラップ液と接触してバブリングが生じる。
これにより、培養槽で通気培養により生成したイソプロピルアルコール又はアセトンは、エアレーションによって蒸散して培地から容易に分離される共に、トラップ槽においてトラップ液に補足される。この結果、イソプロピルアルコール又はアセトンを、より精製された形態で連続的に且つ簡便に生産することができる。
前記グルタミン酸生産方法によれば、前記アセチルCoA生産微生物と炭素原材料とを接触させて培養するので、前記アセチルCoA生産微生物により炭素源材料が資化され、二酸化炭素を固定しながら、効率よく目的生産物を生産することができる。
窒素源としては、アンモニア、硫酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、りん酸アンモニウム、酢酸アンモニウム等のアンモニウム塩または硝酸塩等が使用することができる。
有機微量栄養素としては、アミノ酸、ビタミン、脂肪酸、核酸、更にこれらのものを含有するペプトン、カザミノ酸、酵母エキス、大豆たん白分解物等が使用でき、生育にアミノ酸などを要求する栄養要求性変異株を使用する場合には要求される栄養素を補添することが好ましい。
無機塩類としてはりん酸塩、マグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩、鉄塩、マンガン塩等が使用できる。
4-アミノ酪酸を製造する方法としては、たとえば、特開2011-167097のように、グルタミン酸生産微生物にグルタミン酸脱炭酸酵素を導入した微生物による生産方法が挙げられる。
4-ヒドロキシ酪酸を製造する微生物としては、たとえば、特開2009-171960号公報のように、グルタミン酸生産微生物に、グルタミン酸脱炭酸酵素、アミノ基転移酵素、アルデヒド脱水素酵素を導入した微生物による生産方法が挙げられる。
2-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸を製造する方法としては、たとえば、国際公開第2009/135074号パンフレットや国際公開第2009/156214号パンフレット記載の経路を導入した微生物が挙げられる。
3-アミノイソ酪酸、メタクリル酸を製造する方法としては、たとえば、国際公開第2009/135074号パンフレット記載の経路を導入した微生物が挙げられる。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化株の作製>
エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number U00096)、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株のCoAトランスフェラーゼ αサブユニットをコードする遺伝子(以下、atoDと略することがある)の塩基配列も報告されている。すなわちatoDはGenBank accession number U00096に記載のエシェリヒア・コリMG1655株ゲノム配列の2321469~2322131に記載されている。
なおエシェリヒア・コリMG1655株はアメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクションより入手することができる。
なお、エシェリヒア・コリB株(ATCC11303)は細胞・微生物・遺伝子バンクであるアメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクションより入手することができる。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失株の作製>
エシェリヒア・コリMG1655のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number U00096)、エシェリヒア・コリのホスホグルコースイソメラーゼ(以下pgiと呼ぶことがある)をコードする遺伝子の塩基配列も報告されている(GenBank accession number X15196)。pgiをコードする遺伝子(1,650bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、CAGGAATTCGCTATATCTGGCTCTGCACG(配列番号8)、CAGTCTAGAGCAATACTCTTCTGATTTTGAG(配列番号9)、CAGTCTAGATCATCGTCGATATGTAGGCC(配列番号10)及びGACCTGCAGATCATCCGTCAGCTGTACGC(配列番号11)に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号8のプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位を、配列番号9および10のプライマーは5’末端側にXbaI認識部位を、配列番号11のプライマーは5’末端側にPstI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。
なおエシェリヒア・コリMG1655株はアメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクションより入手することができる。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失、gntR遺伝子欠失株の作製>
エシェリヒア・コリB株のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession No.CP000819)、GntRをコードする塩基配列はGenBank accession No.CP000819に記載のエシェリヒア・コリB株ゲノム配列の3509184~3510179に記載されている。GntRをコードする塩基配列(gntR)の近傍領域をクローニングするため、GGAATTCGGGTCAATTTTCACCCTCTATC(配列番号12)、GTGGGCCGTCCTGAAGGTACAAAAGAGATAGATTCTC(配列番号13)、CTCTTTTGTACCTTCAGGACGGCCCACAAATTTGAAG(配列番号14)、GGAATTCCCAGCCCCGCAAGGCCGATGGC(配列番号15)に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号12および13のプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失、gntR遺伝子欠失、gnd遺伝子欠失株の作製>
ホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼをコードする遺伝子(gnd)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、CGCCATATGAATGGCGCGGCGGGGCCGGTGG(配列番号16)、TGGAGCTCTGTTTACTCCTGTCAGGGGG(配列番号17)、TGGAGCTCTCTGATTTAATCAACAATAAAATTG(配列番号18)、CGGGATCCACCACCATAACCAAACGACGG(配列番号19)に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号16のプライマーは5’末端側にNdeI認識部位を有し、配列番号17および配列番号18のプライマーは5’末端側にSacI認識部位を有している。また、配列番号19のプライマーは5’末端側にBamHI認識部位を有している。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失、gntR遺伝子欠失、gnd遺伝子欠失、ldhA遺伝子欠失株の作製>
D-乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(以下、ldhAと略することがある)をコードする遺伝子(990bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、GGAATTCGACCATCGCTTACGGTCAATTG(配列番号20)、GAGCGGCAAGAAAGACTTTCTCCAGTGATGTTG(配列番号21)、GGAGAAAGTCTTTCTTGCCGCTCCCCTGCAAC(配列番号22)、GGAATTCTTTAGCAAATGGCTTTCTTC(配列番号23)に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号20および23のプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。
<atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失、gntR遺伝子欠失、gnd遺伝子欠失、ldhA遺伝子欠失、aceBA遺伝子欠失株の作製>
イソクエン酸リアーゼおよびリンゴ酸シンターゼ(以下、aceBAと略することがある)をコードする遺伝子(2936bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、GGAATTCATTCAGCTGTTGCGCATCGATTC(配列番号24)、CGGTTGTTGTTGCCGTGCAGCTCCTCGTCATGGATC(配列番号25)、GGAGCTGCACGGCAACAACAACCGTTGCTGACTG(配列番号26)、GGAATTCCAGGCAGGTATCAATAAATAAC(配列番号27)に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号24および27のプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。
<atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失、gntR遺伝子欠失、gnd遺伝子欠失、ldhA遺伝子欠失、aceBA遺伝子欠失、glcB遺伝子欠失株の作製>
リンゴ酸シンターゼG(以下、glcBと略することがある)をコードする遺伝子(723bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、GGAATTCCAGGAGAAAGGGCTGGCACGGG(配列番号28)、CTTTTTTGACGCTATGTTTATCTCCTCGTTTTCGC(配列番号29)、GAGATAAACATAGCGTCAAAAAAGCCCCGGC(配列番号30)、GGAATTCCGTCCATCATTGCTACCAGCC(配列番号31)に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号28および31のプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。
<atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失、gntR遺伝子欠失、gnd遺伝子欠失、ldhA遺伝子欠失、aceBA遺伝子欠失、glcB遺伝子欠失、fumAC遺伝子欠失株の作製>
フマル酸ヒドラターゼAおよびフマル酸ヒドラターゼC(以下、fumACと略することがある)をコードする遺伝子(3193bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、CGCCATATGATCGCCAGCGCGCGGGATTTTTC(配列番号32)、CGAGCTCTGTTCTCTCACTTACTGCCTGG(配列番号33)、ATGAGCTCTCTGCAACATACAGGTGCAG(配列番号34)、CGGGATCCACTACGCGCACGATGGTCAAG(配列番号35)、に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号32のプライマーは5’末端側にNdeI認識部位を有している。配列番号33および34のプライマーは5’末端側にSacI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。配列番号35のプライマーは5’末端側にBamHI認識部位を有している
<プラスミドpIazの作製>
クロストリジウム属細菌のアセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼはGenBank accession number M55392に、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼはGenBank accession number AF157307に記載されている。
GAPDHプロモーターを取得するためエシェリヒア・コリMG1655株のゲノムDNAをテンプレートに用いてCGAGCTACATATGCAATGATTGACACGATTCCG(配列番号36)、及びCGCGCGCATGCTATTTGTTAGTGAATAAAAGG(配列番号37)によりPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素NdeI、SphIで消化することで約110bpのGAPDHプロモーターにあたるDNAフラグメントを得た。得られたDNAフラグメントとプラスミドpBR322(GenBank accession number J01749)を制限酵素NdeI及びSphIで消化することで得られるフラグメントを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーをアンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB液体培地にて37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドpBRgapPを回収した。
<プラスミドpMWGKCの作製>
pBRgapPをテンプレートに用いてCCGCTCGAGCATATGCTGTCGCAATGATTGACACG(配列番号44)、及びGCTATTCCATATGCAGGGTTATTGTCTCATGAGC(配列番号45)によりPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントをT4 Polynucleotide Kinase(Takara)でリン酸化することで、GAPDHプロモーターを含むDNAフラグメントを得た。また、プラスミドpMW119(GenBank accession number AB005476)を制限酵素AatII及びNdeIで処理し、得られたDNAフラグメントをKOD plus DNA polymerase(Takara)で末端を平滑化することで、pMW119の複製起点を含むDNAフラグメントを得た。GAPDHプロモーターを含むDNAフラグメントとpMW119の複製起点を含むDNAフラグメントを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセルに形質転換し、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーをアンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB液体培地において37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドpMWGを回収した。
<メチロバクテリウム エキストロクエンスIAM12632由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
東京大学分子細胞生物学研究所IAMカルチャーコレクションからメチロバクテリウム エキストロクエンス(Methylobacterium extorquens)IAM12632を購入した。IAM12632をNBRCの培地番号352で培養し、DNeasy Blood &Tissue Kit(株式会社キアゲン)を用いて染色体DNAを得た。
pMWGKC_mtk(Mex)_mclは、メチロバクテリウム エキストロクエンス由来のmclの遺伝子配列(配列番号66)、mtkAの遺伝子配列(配列番号67)、及びmtkBの遺伝子配列(配列番号68)を含む。また、メチロバクテリウム エキストロクエンス由来mclのアミノ酸配列、mtkAのアミノ酸配列、及びmtkBのアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号69、配列番号70、及び配列番号71に示すとおりである。
<ハイホマイクロビウム メチロボラム NBRC 14180由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
NBRC(独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構バイオテクノロジー本部生物遺伝資源部門)からハイホマイクロビウム メチロボラム(Hyphomicrobium methylovolum)NBRC14180を購入した。NBRC14180をNBRCの培地番号233で培養し、DNeasy Blood &Tissue Kit(株式会社キアゲン)を用いて染色体DNAを得た。
ハイホマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス(Hyphomicrobium denitrificans)のホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/300021538?from=3218417&to=3221272&report=gbwithparts)のアミノ酸配列を元にNCIBM(米国立生物工学情報センター)のホモロジー検索ツールを用いて相同性を比較した。(http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastp&BLAST_PROGRAMS=blastp&PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&SHOW_DEFAULTS=on&LINK_LOC=blasthome)
相同性の高いアミノ酸配列を参考にプライマー(配列番号57)を作製した。
pMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Hme)_mclは、ハイホマイクロビウム メチロボラム由来のmclの遺伝子配列(配列番号60)、mtkAの遺伝子(配列番号61)、及びmtkBの遺伝子(配列番号62)を含む。また、ハイホマイクロビウム メチロボラム由来mclのアミノ酸配列、mtkAのアミノ酸、及びmtkBのアミノ酸は、それぞれ配列番号72、配列番号73、及び配列番号74に示すとおりである。
<リゾビウム sp NGR234由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
リゾビウム sp(Rhizobium sp)NGR234のマレートチオキナーゼ・ベータサブユニット(GenBank Accession No. ACP26381)とスクシニルCoAシンテターゼ・アルファサブユニット(GenBank Accession No. ACP26382)のアミノ酸配列情報を基に、マレートチオキナーゼの遺伝子を全合成した(配列番号63)。得られた遺伝子をNdeIとXbaIで切断し、同様に制限酵素で切断したpMWGKCと連結した。得られたプラスミドをpMWGKC_mtk(Rhi)と命名した。また、メチロバクテリウム エキストロクエンスの染色体DNAを鋳型として、配列番号64及び配列番号65のプライマーを用いてPCRを実施し、増幅DNAをXbaIとHindIIIで切断して末端を平滑化した後、pMWGKC_mtk(Rhi)をXbaIで切断して平滑化した遺伝子と連結した。mtkとmclの遺伝子が同じ方向に導入されているものをpMWGKC_mtk(Rhi)_mclと命名した。リゾビウム sp由来mtkAのアミノ酸、及びmtkBのアミノ酸は、それぞれ配列番号75、及び配列番号76に示すとおりである。
<マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼ導入イソプロピルアルコール生産株の作製>
実施例8で作製した大腸菌B株(atoDAB,△pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC)のコンピテントセルに、実施例9で作製したプラスミドpIazと、mtk及びmclの各発現プラスミドを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗抹し生育した株をそれぞれ以下のように命名した(表2参照)。
なお、表2記載の株番号は、大腸菌B株(atoDAB,△pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC)に、pIazと表2記載のプラスミドを導入した株を意味する。
<13Cラベル化CO2のイソプロピルアルコールへの導入検証>
500mlのバッフル付き三角フラスコに100mlのLB液体培地を調製し、121℃かつ20分間のオートクレーブにより滅菌した。この培地に終濃度が50μg/mlとなるようにアンピシリンを34μg/mlとなるようにクロラムフェニコール添加した後、表2の炭酸固定経路導入株を一白金耳植菌し、30℃かつ130rpmにて約20時間培養した。遠心分離(5000G×15分)により菌体のみを培養液より分離し、続いて、10mlの生理食塩水に該菌体を再懸濁し菌体懸濁液をそれぞれ得た。
さらに、MT-2株は、市販イソプロピルアルコールやエタノールと比較して、13Cの導入されていないイソプロピルアルコールやエタノール(M+0)の割合が低く、13Cが1原子導入されたイソプロピルアルコールやエタノール(M+1)の割合が高かった(表4、表5)。したがって、MT-2株ではイソプロピルアルコールやエタノールについても、13Cラベル化された炭酸由来の炭素が導入されたことがわかった。
<リンゴ酸を基質としたグリオキシル酸生産活性測定>
上述のmtk及びmcl発現株を25μg/mlのクロラムフェニコール、100μg/mlのアンピシリンを含む2mLのLB培地で培養した。粗酵素液の抽出は以下に示す方法で行った。対数増殖期の菌体を遠心分離により回収し、200mM MOPS‐K バッファー(pH7.7)で洗浄後、同バッファーに溶解し、超音波破砕した。遠心上清(12,000rpm、2min)を粗酵素抽出液とした。
表6に示されるように、MT-1~MT-3のいずれについても、酵素活性が確認された。中でも、MT-2株及びMT-3株は、MT-1株と比較しても、酵素活性が高いことがわかった。これに対してコントロールでは、酵素活性が認められなかった。
<マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼ導入株の生菌数及びプラスミド保持率>
100mLの三角フラスコに、50g/Lのグルコース及び30μg/mlのクロラムフェニコール、100μg/mlのアンピシリンを含む30mLのM9最小培地及びLB培地を準備した。前記のmtk及びmcl発現株をM9最小培地又はLB培地に接種し、シリコン栓で密封して30℃、100rpmで24時間培養した。培養液を水で希釈して、抗生物質を含まないLBプレートに100μL塗布し、全生菌数を測定した。また、希釈した培養液を、30μg/mlのクロラムフェニコールを含むLBプレートに塗布し、mtk(smt))及びmcl保有プラスミドを保持する菌数を測定した。
表7に示されるように、MT-2およびMT-3は、MT-1株よりも、培養液中の全生菌数の割合が高く、良好に増殖していることがわかった。また、mtk、mclを保有するプラスミドは、MT-1~3株のそれぞれで、安定に保持されていた。
<グラニュリバクター ベセスデンシスBAA-1260由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
ATCCからグラニュリバクター ベセスデンシスのゲノムDNA(Granulibacter bethesdensis)BAA-1260D-5を購入した。
グラニュリバクター ベセスデンシスのゲノムDNAを鋳型として、CCCTGAGGAGGGTCCAAGAGATGGACGTCCATGAGTACCA(配列番号77)及びGCTCTAGATCAGGCTGCCTGACGCCCA(配列番号78)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、グラニュリバクターのmtkフラグメントを得た。また、実施例12で作製したpMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Hme)_mclを鋳型として、GGAATTCACAAAAAGGATAAAA(配列番号79)及びTGGTACTCATGGACGTCCATCTCTTGGACCCTCCTCAGGG(配列番号80)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、ハイホマイクロビウムのmclフラグメントを得た。得られたグラニュリバクターのmtkフラグメントとハイホマイクロビウムのmclフラグメントを鋳型として、配列番号79及び配列番号78をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、ハイホマイクロビウムのmcl及びグラニュリバクターのmtkフラグメント遺伝子を含むDNAフラグメントを得た。EcoRIとXbaIで切断し得られたフラグメントと実施例10で作製したプラスミドpMWGKCをEcoRIとXbaIで切断して得られたプラスミドを連結した。得られたプラスミドをpMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Gb)と命名した。
pMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Gb)は、グラニュリバクター ベセスデンシス由来のmtkAの遺伝子(配列番号81)、及びmtkBの遺伝子(配列番号82)を含む。また、グラニュリバクター ベセスデンシス由来mtkAのアミノ酸配列、及びmtkBのアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号107、及び配列番号108に示すとおりである。
<ハイフォマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンスDSM1869由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
DSMZ(Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Germany)からハイフォマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス(Hyphomicrobium denitrificans)DSM1869を購入した。DSM1869をDSMの培地番号803で培養し、DNeasy Blood &Tissue Kit(株式会社キアゲン)を用いて染色体DNAを得た。
ハイフォマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンスのゲノムDNAを鋳型として、ACCAGGGAATTCACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGAGCTATACCCTCTACCCAACCGTAAGC(配列番号83)及びGCCCACTCTAGATCAGGCAACTTTTTTCTGCTTGCCGAGAACC(配列番号84)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、ハイフォマイクロビウムのmcl-mtkフラグメントを得た。EcoRIとXbaIで切断し得られたフラグメントと実施例12で作製したプラスミドpMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Hme)_mclをEcoRIとXbaIで切断して得られたプラスミドを連結した。得られたプラスミドをpMWGKC_mcl(Hde)_mtk(Hde)_mclと命名した。
pMWGKC_mcl(Hde)_mtk(Hde)_mclは、ハイフォマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス由来のmclの遺伝子配列(配列番号85)、mtkAの遺伝子(配列番号86)、及びmtkBの遺伝子(配列番号87)を含む。また、ハイフォマイクロビウム デニトリフィカンス由来mclのアミノ酸配列、mtkAのアミノ酸配列、及びmtkBのアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号109、配列番号110、及び配列番号111に示すとおりである。
<ニトロソモナス ユーロピアNBRC14298由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
NBRC(Biological Resource Center, NITE)からニトロソモナス ユーロピア(Nitrosomonas europaea)NBRC14298を購入した。NBRC14298をNBRCの培地番号829で培養し、DNeasy Blood &Tissue Kit(株式会社キアゲン)を用いて染色体DNAを得た。
ニトロソモナス ユーロピアのゲノムDNAを鋳型として、GCGGGGGAATTCACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGAGTCATACCCTGTATGAACCAAAACACC(配列番号88)及びCAGGCGTCTAGATTAGAGTCCGGCCAGAACTTTTGCGACG(配列番号89)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、ニトロソモナス ユーロピアのmtkフラグメントを得た。EcoRIとXbaIで切断し得られたフラグメントと実施例12で作製したプラスミドpMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Hme)_mclをEcoRIとXbaIで切断して得られたプラスミドを連結した。得られたプラスミドをpMWGKC_mcl(Ne)_mtk(Ne)_mclと命名した。
pMWGKC_mcl(Ne)_mtk(Ne)_mclは、ニトロソモナス ユーロピア由来のmclの遺伝子配列(配列番号90)、mtkAの遺伝子(配列番号91)、及びmtkBの遺伝子(配列番号92)を含む。また、ニトロソモナス ユーロピア由来mclのアミノ酸配列、mtkAのアミノ酸配列、及びmtkBのアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号112、配列番号113、及び配列番号114に示すとおりである。
<メチロコッカス キャプスラタスATCC33009由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
ATCCからメチロコッカス キャプスラタスのゲノムDNA(Methylococcus capsulatus)ATCC33009D-5を購入した。
メチロコッカス キャプスラタスのゲノムDNAを鋳型として、GGAATTCCATATGGCTGTTAAAAATCGTCTAC(配列番号93)及びGCTCTAGATCAGAATCTGATTCCGTGTTC(配列番号94)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、メチロコッカスのmcl-mtkフラグメントを得た。NdeIとXbaIで切断し得られたフラグメントと実施例10で作製したプラスミドpMWGKCもしくはpMWGCをNdeIとXbaIで切断して得られたプラスミドを連結した。得られたプラスミドをpMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)もしくはpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)と命名した。
pMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)もしくはpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)は、メチロコッカス キャプスラタス由来のmclの遺伝子配列(配列番号95)、mtkAの遺伝子配列(配列番号96)、及びmtkBの遺伝子配列(配列番号97)を含む。また、メチロコッカス キャプスラタス由来mclのアミノ酸配列、mtkAのアミノ酸配列、及びmtkBのアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号115、配列番号116、及び配列番号117に示すとおりである。
<アンカルチャードガンマプロテオバクテリアGenBank:AP011641.1由来マレートチオキナーゼ発現プラスミドの構築>
アンカルチャードガンマプロテオバクテリア由来mtkを取得するために、GenBank:AP011641.1のアミノ酸配列をもとにガンマプロテオバクテリア由来mtkを設計し、DNA合成により以下のDNAフラグメント(配列番号98)を作製した。
作製したDNAフラグメントを鋳型として、GTTGAACGAGGAGATCGTCCATGAACATTCACGAATATCA(配列番号99)及びGCTCTAGATTAGCCAGAAACTGCAGATCC(配列番号100)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、ガンマプロテオバクテリアのmtkフラグメントを得た。また、実施例21で作製したpMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)もしくはpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)を鋳型として、配列番号93及びTGATATTCGTGAATGTTCATGGACGATCTCCTCGTTCAAC(配列番号101)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、メチロコッカスのmclフラグメントを得た。得られたガンマプロテオバクテリアのmtkフラグメントとメチロコッカスのmclフラグメントを鋳型として、配列番号93及び配列番号100をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、メチロコッカスのmcl及びガンマプロテオバクテリアのmtkフラグメント遺伝子を含むDNAフラグメントを得た。NdeIとXbaIで切断し得られたフラグメントと実施例10で作製したプラスミドpMWGKCをNdeIとXbaIで切断して得られたプラスミドを連結した。得られたプラスミドをpMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(gamma)と命名した。
pMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(gamma)は、アンカルチャードガンマプロテオバクテリア由来のmtkAの遺伝子(配列番号102)、及びmtkBの遺伝子(配列番号103)を含む。また、アンカルチャードガンマプロテオバクテリア由来mtkAのアミノ酸配列、及びmtkBのアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ配列番号118、及び配列番号119に示すとおりである。
<マレートキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼ導入イソプロピルアルコール生産atoDゲノム強化、pgi遺伝子欠失、gntR遺伝子欠失、gnd遺伝子欠失、ldhA遺伝子欠失、fumAC遺伝子欠失、aceBA遺伝子欠失、glcB遺伝子欠失株の作製>
実施例8で作製した大腸菌B株(atoDAB,△pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC)のコンピテントセルに、実施例18~22で作製したプラスミドpIazと、mtk及びmclの各発現プラスミドを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗抹し生育した株をそれぞれ以下のように命名した(表8参照)。
なお、表8記載の株番号は、大腸菌B株(atoDAB,△pgi_gntR_gnd_ldhA_aceBA_glcB_fumAC)に、pIazと表2記載のプラスミドを導入した株を意味する。
<リンゴ酸を基質としたグリオキシル酸生産活性測定>
実施例16と同様の方法により、タンパクあたりの酵素活性を求めた(表9)。
表9に示されるように、MT-4~MT-8のいずれにおいても、酵素活性が確認され、MT-1株と比較しても、酵素活性が高かった。中でも、MT-5株、MT-6株、MT-7株及びMT-8株は、実施例16にて示したMT-2及びMT-3株と同等かそれ以上に活性が高いことがわかった。これに対してコントロールでは、酵素活性が認められなかった。
<atoDゲノム強化、aceB遺伝子欠失株の作製>
リンゴ酸シンターゼ(以下、aceBと略することがある)をコードする遺伝子(1602bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、GGAATTCATTCAGCTGTTGCGCATCGATTC(配列番号24)、GTTATGTGGTGGTCGTGCAGCTCCTCGTCATGG(配列番号104)、GAGCTGCACGACCACCACATAACTATGGAG(配列番号105)、GGAATTCCAGTTGAACGACGGCGAGCAG(配列番号106)、に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。配列番号およびのプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。
エシェリヒア・コリB株のゲノムDNA(accession No.CP000819)を調製し、得られたゲノムDNAを鋳型とし、配列番号24と配列番号106のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約1.0kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下aceB-L断片と呼ぶことがある)。また、配列番号105と配列番号106のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約1.0kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下aceB-R断片と呼ぶことがある)。これらのDNA断片をアガロース電気泳動にて分離、回収し、aceB-LとaceB-R断片を鋳型に配列番号24と配列番号108のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約2.0kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下aceB-LR断片と呼ぶことがある)。このaceB-LR断片をアガロース電気泳動にて分離、回収し、EcoRIで消化し、温度感受性プラスミドpTH18cs1(GenBank accession number AB019610)のEcoRI消化物と混合し、T4DNAリガーゼで反応した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5αコンピテントセル(東洋紡績社製)に形質転換し、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに30℃で生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体からプラスミドを回収し、aceB-LR断片がpTH18cs1に正しく挿入されていることを確認し、このプラスミドをpTH18cs1-aceBとした。
こうして得られたプラスミドpTH18cs1-aceBを実施例1で作製したエシェリヒア・コリB株、B::atoDABに形質転換し、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに30℃で一晩培養し、形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体をクロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB液体培地に接種し、30℃で一晩培養した。次にこの培養液の一部をクロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに塗布し、42℃で生育するコロニーを得た。得られたコロニーをLB液体培地で、30℃で24時間培養し、更にLB寒天プレートに塗布して42℃で生育するコロニーを得た。
出現したコロニーの中から無作為に100コロニーをピックアップして、それぞれをLB寒天プレートと、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに生育させ、クロラムフェニコール感受性のクローンを選んだ。更にこれらの目的クローンの染色体DNAからPCRにより、aceB遺伝子が欠失していることで約2.0kbp断片の増幅がえられる株を選抜し、得られた株をB株atoDゲノム強化、aceB遺伝子欠失株(以下B::atoDAB△aceB)株と略することがある)と命名した。
<atoDゲノム強化、aceB遺伝子欠失、glcB遺伝子欠失株の作製>
実施例7で作製したプラスミドpTH18cs1-gclBを実施例25で作製したエシェリヒア・コリB株、B::atoDAB△aceB株に形質転換し、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに30℃で一晩培養し、形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体をクロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB液体培地に接種し、30℃で一晩培養した。次にこの培養液の一部をクロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに塗布し、42℃で生育するコロニーを得た。得られたコロニーをLB液体培地で、30℃で24時間培養し、更にLB寒天プレートに塗布して42℃で生育するコロニーを得た。
出現したコロニーの中から無作為に100コロニーをピックアップして、それぞれをLB寒天プレートと、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに生育させ、クロラムフェニコール感受性のクローンを選んだ。更にこれらの目的クローンの染色体DNAからPCRにより、aceBA遺伝子が欠失していることで約2.0kbp断片の増幅がえられる株を選抜し、得られた株をB株atoDゲノム強化、aceB遺伝子欠失、glcB遺伝子欠失株(以下B::atoDAB△aceB△glcB)株と略することがある)と命名した。
<atoDゲノム強化、ldhA遺伝子欠失株の作製>
実施例5で作製したプラスミドpTH18cs1-ldhAを実施例1で作製したエシェリヒア・コリB株、B::atoDABに形質転換し、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに30℃で一晩培養し、形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体をクロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB液体培地に接種し、30℃で一晩培養した。次にこの培養液の一部をクロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに塗布し、42℃で生育するコロニーを得た。得られたコロニーをLB液体培地で、30℃で24時間培養し、更にLB寒天プレートに塗布して42℃で生育するコロニーを得た。
出現したコロニーの中から無作為に100コロニーをピックアップして、それぞれをLB寒天プレートと、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに生育させ、クロラムフェニコール感受性のクローンを選んだ。更にこれらの目的クローンの染色体DNAからPCRにより、ldhA遺伝子が欠失していることで約2.0kbp断片の増幅がえられる株を選抜し、得られた株をatoDゲノム強化、ldhA遺伝子欠失株(以下B::atoDAB△ldhA)株と略することがある)と命名した。
<pBRgapP、pMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)/B株、pBRgapP、pMWGC/B株の作製>
大腸菌B株のコンピテントセルに、実施例2で作製したプラスミドpBRgapPと、実施例21で作製したプラスミドpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)、もしくはpMWGCを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗抹し生育した株を得た。
<pIa、pMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)/B::atoDAB株、pIa、pMWGC/B::atoDAB株の作製>
実施例1で作製した大腸菌B株(B::atoDAB)のコンピテントセルに、実施例9で作製したプラスミドpIaと、実施例21で作製したプラスミドpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)、もしくはpMWGCを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗抹し生育した株を得た。
<pIa、pMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)/B::atoDAB△aceB株、pIa、pMWGC/B::atoDAB△aceB株の作製>
実施例25で作製した大腸菌B株(B::atoDAB△aceB)のコンピテントセルに、実施例9で作製したプラスミドpIaと、実施例21で作製したプラスミドpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)、もしくはpMWGCを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗抹し生育した株を得た。
<pIa、pMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)/B::atoDAB△aceB△glcB株、pIa、pMWGC/B::atoDAB△aceB△glcB株の作製>
実施例26で作製した大腸菌B株(B::atoDAB△aceB△glcB)のコンピテントセルに、実施例9で作製したプラスミドpIaと、実施例21で作製したプラスミドpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)、もしくはpMWGCを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗抹し生育した株を得た。
<pIa、pMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)/B::atoDAB△ldhA株、pIa、pMWGC/B::atoDAB△ldhA株の作製>
実施例27で作製した大腸菌B株(B::atoDAB△ldhA)のコンピテントセルに、実施例9で作製したプラスミドpIaと、実施例21で作製したプラスミドpMWGC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)、もしくはpMWGCを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗抹し生育した株を得た。
<イソプロピルアルコールの生産>
本実施例では、WO2009/008377号パンフレット図1に示される生産装置を用いてイソプロピルアルコールの生産を行った。培養槽は3リットル容のガラス製のものを使用し、トラップ槽には、トラップ液としての水(トラップ水)を1槽あたり9Lの量で注入し、2台連結して使用した。
イソプロピルアルコール生産評価に用いた株の一覧を表10として示した。
<培地組成>
コーンスティープリカー(日本食品化工製):50g/L
Fe2SO4・7H2O:0.1g/L
K2HPO4:2g/L
KH2PO4:2g/L
MgSO4・7H2O:2g/L
(NH4)2SO4:2g/L
アデカノールLG126(旭電化工業)0.1g/L
(残部:水)
同様にatoDAB△ldhAにおいてもmtk+mclを導入した株の方がイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンの生産量、対糖収率ともにatoDABと同様に向上していることが示された。atoDAB△ldhA、atoDAB△aceB、atoDAB△aceB△glcBにおいて、対糖収率がそれぞれの株の対照株(vec)よりmtk+mclを導入した株の方が向上したことから、mtk+mclによりアセチルCoA、アセチルCoAに由来する有用物質が効率的に増加したと考えられる。
表12では副産物を示した。30hにおける対照株(vec/B)とmtk+mcl導入株(mtk_mcl/B)株を比較するとエタノール、ピルビン酸、コハク酸の量が減少しており、副産物の総量においても予想外にmtk+mcl導入株の方が対照株に対して、減少していることが分かった。同様にatoDAB、atoDAB△aceB、atoDAB△aceB△glcB、atoDAB△ldhAにおいてもmtk+mclを導入した株の方がエタノール、ピルビン酸、コハク酸、副産物の総量が対照株に対して、減少していることが示された。このことから、atoDABあるなしに関わらず、mtk+mclによる同様の効果がみられることがわかった。
atoDAB△aceB及びatoDAB△aceB△glcBではIPA及びIPAとアセトンの対糖収率は、atoDAB株と比較してほぼ同等であるが、vec、mtk導入株共に副産物の総量が減っており、特にmtk+mcl導入株において予想外に乳酸、コハク酸の蓄積が顕著に減少していた。培養液中からのイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンの回収の際、副産物が少ないと精製負荷を格段に軽減できることから、atoDAB△aceB及びatoDAB△aceB△glcBは工業上望ましい。
同様にatoDAB△ldhAにおいてもmtk+mclを導入した株の方がイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンの生産量、対糖収率ともにatoDABと同様に向上していることが示された。また上記の株すべてにおいて、対糖収率が対照株(vec)よりmtk+mclを導入した株において向上したことから、アセチルCoA、アセチルCoAに由来する有用物質が効率的に増加したと考えられる。
atoDAB△ldhAにおいては、副産物の総量が減っているのと同時にmtk+mcl導入株においてピルビン酸の蓄積が顕著に減少していた。さらにmtk+mcl導入したatoDAB△ldhAにおいてイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンの対糖収率が高いことから、効率よくグルコースとmtk+mclの経路の双方からイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンへ流れていることが示された。atoDAB△ldhAでは上記atoDAB△aceB及びatoDAB△aceB△glcBと同様に副産物が少ないことに加えてmtk+mcl導入株においてイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンの対糖収率が高い。イソプロピルアルコール、アセトンの回収の際の精製負荷の軽減と収率の向上の双方から工業的にイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンを生産する上でldhA破壊が好ましいことを示している。
B株においてはイソプロピルアルコール、アセトンの生産経路が導入されていない。酢酸が顕著に増加したことから、アセチルCoAは主として酢酸の方に流れたと考えられる。また、mtk+mcl導入株(mtk_mcl/B)において、増加したアセチルCoAは酢酸とエタノールへと流れたと予測される。このことからB株においてもmtk+mclの効果により、アセチルCoAが増加していることが示された。
<プラスミドpGAPSの構築>
スペクチノマイシン耐性遺伝子を取得するため、プラスミドpIC156(Steinmetz et. Al., Gene, 1994, 142(1):79-83)をテンプレートに用いて、CCGCGGTACCGTATAATAAAGAATAATTATTAATCTGTAGACAAATTGTGAAAGG(配列番号120)及びCTTTTGTTTATAAGTGGGTAAACCGTGAATATCGTGTTCTTTTCAC(配列番号121)によりPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントをT4 Polynucleotide Kinase(Toyobo)でリン酸化することで、スペクチノマイシン耐性遺伝子を含むDNAフラグメントを得た。それから、プラスミドpGAPをPvuIで処理し、DNA断片をToyobo blunting highで平滑化して、前述のスペクチノマイシン耐性遺伝子を含むDNAフラグメントと連結させ、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセルに形質転換し、スペクチノマイシン120μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーをスペクチノマイシン120μg/mLを含むLB液体培地にて一晩培養し、得られたプラスミドをpGAPSと命名した。
<プラスミドpGAPS_gclの作製>
エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株から、DNeasy Blood &Tissue Kit(株式会社キアゲン)を用いて染色体DNAを得た。
グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ(gcl, NCBI-GI:945394)を含むオペロンを参考にして、2種のプライマー AAGAACTCTAGAACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGGCAAAAATGAGAGCCGTTGACGCGGCAATG(配列番号122)及びGACCAGCTGCAGTCAGGCCAGTTTATGGTTAGCCATTAATTCCAGC(配列番123)を作製した。
また、2種のプライマー ACACAACTGCAGACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGAAGATTGTCATTGCGCCAGACTCTTTTAAAGAGAGCT(配列番号124)及びGCCCCCAAGCTTTCAGTTTTTAATTCCCTGACCTATTTTAATGGCGCAGGを(配列番号125)作製した。
上記で得られた配列番号122と配列番号123のプライマーを用いて、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株の染色体DNAを鋳型としてPCRを実施し約3kbのを得た。それから、上記で得られた124と配列番号125のプライマーを用いて、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株の染色体DNAを鋳型としてPCRを実施し、約1.1kbの増幅DNAを得た。増幅DNAをそれぞれPstIで切断、連結した。この連結DNAをテンプレートとして、AAGAACTCTAGAACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGGCAAAAATGAGAGCCGTTGACGCGGCAATG(配列番号126)及びGCCCCCAAGCTTTCAGTTTTTAATTCCCTGACCTATTTTAATGGCGCAGG(配列番号127)をプライマーとして用いてPCRを行い、増幅DNAを得た。この増幅DNAをXbaIとHindIIIで切断し、同様に制限酵素で切断したプラスミドpGAPSと連結した。エシェリヒア・コリDH5αを形質転換して、スペクチノマイシンを含むLB寒天プレートで培養し、得られた形質転換体からプラスミドを回収した。
このプラスミドを制限酵素ClaIおよびHindIIIで切断し、pGAPSとgclの遺伝子を含む、約4kbのDNA断片を回収した。DNA断片は、末端を平滑化後、セルフライゲーションさせてから、エシェリヒア・コリDH5αを形質転換して、120μg/mLスペクチノマイシンを含むLB寒天プレートで培養し、生育した菌を120μg/mLスペクチノマイシンを含むLB液体培地で培養して、形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体からプラスミドを回収し、プラスミドpGAPS_gclを得た。
<プラスミドパントエア・アナナティス PA株の取得>
パントエア・アナナティスAJ13601(特許寄託菌株BP-7207)からプラスミドRSFCPGを取り出した。プラスミドRSFCPGは、L-グルタミン酸の生合成反応を触媒する酵素である、グルタミン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、クエン酸シンターゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、を有する、テトラサイクリン耐性のプラスミドである(特開2001―333769号公報)。RSFCPGを用い、パントエア・アナナティスAJ417(特許寄託菌株BP-8646)をCaCl2法(Molecular Cloning, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbor press, 2001)で形質転換し、10μL/mLのテトラサイクリンを含むLB培地で培養して、パントエア・アナナティスAJ417/RSFCPG(以後PA株と略することがある)を取得した。
<パントエア・アナナティス aceB遺伝子欠失株の作製>
パントエア・アナナティスAJ13355(特許寄託菌株BP-6614)のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number AP012032)、パントエア・アナナティスのマレートシンターゼ(以下PAaceBと呼ぶことがある)をコードする遺伝子の塩基配列も報告されている(GenBank accession number NC_017531)。aceBをコードする遺伝子(1,599bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、GACTCTAGAGGATCCCCGGGATGACAGACTCGGTTATCAACAGTGAATTACTTTTCAG(配列番号128)、GACGGGACGGCGGCTTTGTTGGCTTCCGCGTTATGAAAAAAGTAGAGAGC(配列番号129)、TTGAGACACAACGTGGCTTTCCCAGCAAGGACAGCGCGCGCAATGAATG(配列番号130)、ATGACCATGATTACGAATTCTCAGGGAAGCAGGCGGTAGCCTGGCAGAGTCAG(配列番号131)、に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。
また、カナマイシン耐性遺伝子をクローニングするため、TTTTTCATAACGCGGAAGCCAACAAAGCCGCCGTCCCGTCAAGTCAGC(配列番号132)、CGCGCGCTGTCCTTGCTGGGAAAGCCACGTTGTGTCTCAAAATCTCTGATGTTACATTGC(配列番号133)、に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを2種合成した。
<パントエア・アナナティス fumA遺伝子欠失株の作製>
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168(ATCC 23857)のゲノムDNAを調製し、得られたゲノムDNAを鋳型とし、AGTCTAGAGATCCTTTTTAACCCATCAC(配列番号136)、及びAGTCTAGAAGTCGATAAACAGCAATATT(配列番号137)のプライマーを用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素XhoIで消化することで約2.0kbpのsacB遺伝子を含むDNAフラグメントを得た。得られたDNAフラグメントとプラスミドpHSG298(Takara)を制限酵素XhoIで消化し、さらにアルカリフォスファターゼ処理したDNAフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、pHSG298にsacB遺伝子を含むDNAフラグメントが挿入されたプラスミドpHSG-sacBを得た。
パントエア・アナナティス AJ417株のゲノムDNAを調製し、得られたゲノムDNAを鋳型とし、配列番号138と配列番号139のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約0.7kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下fumA-L断片と呼ぶことがある)。また、配列番号140と配列番号141のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約0.9kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下fumA-R断片と呼ぶことがある)。
これらのDNA断片をアガロース電気泳動にて分離、回収し、fumA-L断片及びfumA-R断片をBamHIでそれぞれ消化し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、T4ポリヌクレオチドキナーゼにより5’末端リン酸化処理を行った。本DNA断片と、上記pHSG-sacBをBamHIで消化し、T4DNAポリメラーゼにより平滑末端化処理を行った後、さらにアルカリフォスファターゼ処理したDNAフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5αコンピテントセル(東洋紡績社製)に形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに30℃で生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体からプラスミドを回収し、fumAをコードする遺伝子の5’上流近傍断片と3’近傍断片の2つの断片がpHSG-sacBに正しく挿入されていることを確認した。得られたプラスミドをpsacB-PAfumAと命名した。
psacB-PAfumAは、パントエア・アナナティス内で複製可能なプラスミドである。そこで、複製起点を有さずパントエア・アナナティス内で複製不能なfumA遺伝子欠失用プラスミドを得るために、psacB-PAfumAを鋳型に、CTTTACACTTTATGCTTCC(配列番号142)及び5’末端側にSacI認識部位を有するTTGAGCTCGAGAGGTCTGCCTCGTGA(配列番号143)のプライマーペアを用いたPCRにより約5kbpのDNAフラグメントを増幅した。このDNA断片をSacIで消化し、リガーゼを用いて結合することでプラスミドpPAfumAを得た。得られたpPAfumAは、fumA-L断片、fumA-R断片、sacB遺伝子、及びカナマイシン耐性遺伝子を含み、複製起点を有さない。エレクトロポレーション法により、pPAfumAを用いてパントエア・アナナティス AJ417を形質転換し、これをカナマイシン40μg/mlを含むLB寒天培地に塗布した。上記の培地で得られた一重交叉株をLB培地で一晩液体培養し、培養液を10%(W/V)スクロース含有LB寒天培地に塗付した。
次に、上記の培地で得られたクローンからカナマイシン感受性及びスクロース含有培地生育性を示したクローンを選択した。更にこれらのクローンの染色体DNAから配列番号138と配列番号141のプライマーペアを用いたPCRにより、fumA遺伝子が欠失したことで約1.5kbp断片の増幅が得られる株を選抜し、得られた株をパントエア・アナナティス AJ417株fumA遺伝子欠失株(以下PA△fumA株と略することがある)と命名した。
<パントエア・アナナティス fumA遺伝子欠失、fumC遺伝子欠失株の作製>
フマル酸ヒドラターゼ クラスII(以下fumCと呼ぶことがある)をコードする遺伝子(1,398bp)の塩基配列近傍領域をクローニングするため、TCGCCATGATGCTGCTGTG(配列番号144)、CGGGATCCGACTTAGCGTCATCGGTTG(配列番号145)、CGGGATCCGATGAAGATTGCTAACGACG(配列番号146)及びTGATGCCGACAATATTACGC(配列番号147)に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを4種合成した。
パントエア・アナナティス AJ417株のゲノムDNAを調製し、得られたゲノムDNAを鋳型とし、配列番号144と配列番号145のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約0.8kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下fumC-L断片と呼ぶことがある)。また、配列番号146と配列番号147のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約0.7kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下fumC-R断片と呼ぶことがある)。
これらのDNA断片をアガロース電気泳動にて分離、回収し、fumC-L断片及びfumC-R断片をBamHIでそれぞれ消化し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、T4ポリヌクレオチドキナーゼにより5’末端リン酸化処理を行った。本DNA断片と、実施例38で作製したpHSG-sacBをBamHIで消化し、T4DNAポリメラーゼにより平滑末端化処理を行った後、さらにアルカリフォスファターゼ処理したDNAフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5αコンピテントセル(東洋紡績社製)に形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに30℃で生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体からプラスミドを回収し、fumCをコードする遺伝子の5’上流近傍断片と3’近傍断片の2つの断片がpHSG-sacBに正しく挿入されていることを確認した。得られたプラスミドをpsacB-PAfumCと命名した。
プラスミドpsacB-PAfumAをpsacB-PAfumCと変更した以外は、実施例38と同様の方法で、複製起点を有さずパントエア・アナナティスム内で複製不能なfumC遺伝子欠失用プラスミドpPAfumCを得た。更に、実施例38で用いたプラスミドpPAfumAをpPAfumCとし、形質転換に用いたパントエア・アナナティス AJ417株をPA△fumA株とした以外は、実施例38と同様の方法で、カナマイシン感受性及びスクロース含有培地生育性を示したクローンを選択した。更にこれらのクローンの染色体DNAから配列番号138と配列番号141のプライマーペアを用いたPCRにより、fumC遺伝子が欠失したことで約1.5kbp断片の増幅が得られる株を選抜た。取得した株を、RSFCPGを用いCaCl2法で形質転換し、10μL/mLのテトラサイクリンを含むLB培地で培養してパントエア・アナナティス fumA遺伝子欠失、fumC遺伝子欠失株(以下PA△fumAC株と略することがある)と命名した。
<パントエア・アナナティス評価株の構築>
実施例36、37、および39で作製した、パントエア・アナナティスPA株、PA△aceB株、PA△fumAC株、を用い、実施例34のpGAPS、実施例35のpGAPS_gcl、実施例10のpMWGKC、および実施例21のpMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)を、CaCl2法もしくはエレクトロポレーション法で形質転換した。それぞれの株は30μg/mL クロラムフェニコール、120μg/mL スペクチノマイシン、15μg/mL テトラサイクリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗布し、生育した株を評価株とした。それらの株を表13にまとめた。
<パントエア株による13Cラベル化CO2のグルタミン酸への導入検証>
対象となるパントエア株を、30μg/mL クロラムフェニコール、120μg/mL スペクチノマイシン、15 μg/mL テトラサイクリンを含むLB培地で、220rpm、30℃の条件で前培養した。前培養液から、遠心分離(5000rpm、5分間)により菌体を回収した。それから、20g/L グルコース、30μg/mL クロラムフェニコール、120μg/mL スペクチノマイシン、15 μg/mL テトラサイクリン、を含む2mLのパントエア用最小培地(17g/L Na2HPO4・12H2O、3g/L KH2PO4、0.5g/L NaCl、1g/L NH4Cl、10mM MgSO4、10μM CaCl2、50mg/L L-lysine、50mg/L L-Methionine、pH6.0)を準備し、前培養菌体をODが1~5の範囲内になるよう調整して添加した。密栓した後、30℃、220rpmで1日間培養した。培養液は定期的にサンプリングして、遠心分離(12,000rpm、3分間)して菌体を除去し、上清を親水性PTFEメンブレンフィルター(MILLIPORE社、MSGVN2B50)でろ過し、培養サンプルとした。培養サンプルとして用いた株を表13にまとめた。
培養サンプルのグルタミン酸中の13C含量を測定する際は、適当量のサンプルを、凍結乾燥もしくは減圧乾燥などにより乾燥後、500μLのMTBSTFA+1%TBDMSCl(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製、375934)および500μLのdryDMFを加え、80℃で2時間加熱し、遠心分離(14,000rpm、5分間)して、上清をGC-MS(Agilent 7890Aおよび5975c)により分析した。誘導体化したグルタミン酸のt-ブチル基が一ヶ所外れた構造と予想される、分子量432、433、434のマススペクトルピークの面積を測定した。なお、分子量432は、すべての原子が最も豊富な同位体からなる構造で、分子量433および434は、1個および2個の中性子をさらに含む構造と考えられる。分子量が432、433、434のピークをそれぞれ[M+0]、[M+1]及び[M+2]とし、[M+1]/[M+0]の値をx軸、[M+2]/[M+0]の値をy軸として、分析結果を図4に示した。
y=(y0-y0×α+x0×α)/(1-α)
図4によると、PA/mtk_mcl_gcl株、PA△aceB/mtk_mcl_gcl株、PA△fumAC/mtk_mcl_gcl株では、基準線よりあきらかに上部の値を示した。すなわち、固定されたCO2が、アセチルCoAを経由して、グルタミン酸に導入されたと考えられる。一方、対照株(PA/vec)では、基準線上にプロットされ、アセチルCoA経由の13C導入はみられなかった。また、mtk+mclだけの導入株(PA/mtk_mcl)でも、アセチルCoA経由の13C導入は見られなかった。パントエア・アナナティスはgclを有しないため、mtkとmclの付与だけではグリオキシル酸の行き所がなく、反応が進行しなかったと考えられる。したがって、図1のように、mtkとmclの導入だけでなく、gcl以降の経路をつなぐことで、CO2がアセチルCoAへと変換されることが示された。
<パントエア株によるグルタミン酸生産>
実施例41の培養液における、グルタミン酸量および副生成物の量を測定した。培養サンプル中のグルタミン酸の定量には、NN-814(昭和電工社)カラムを装着したHPLC(Waters社 2695)とUV/Vis検出器(Waters社 2489)を用いた。ろ液中のグルコース、およびその他生成物の定量には、ULTRON PS-80H(信和化工社)カラムを装着したHPLC(Waters社 2695)とRI検出器(Waters社 2414)を用いた。結果を表14および15に示した。
副産物量に関しては、mtk+mcl+gcl導入株(PA/mtk_mcl/gcl)株と対照株(PA/vec)を比較すると、予想外なことに、コハク酸と2,3―ブタンジオール(2,3-BDO)の量が減少しており、副産物の総量においても減少することが分かった。さらに、aceB遺伝子を破壊した株(PA△aceB/mtk_mcl/gcl)と破壊前(PA/mtk_mcl/gcl)と比較すると、予想外なことに、コハク酸および酢酸が減少し、副産物総量も大きく減少することが判明した。fumAC遺伝子破壊株(PA△fumAC/mtk_mcl/gcl)においては、破壊前(PA/mtk_mcl/gcl)と比較して、コハク酸量は大幅に減少したが、酢酸量は増加し、副産物総量も減少した。培養液中からグルタミン酸を回収する際、副産物の量が少ないと、精製負荷を格段に軽減できることから、工業利用時の有用性は大きい。
なお、上記の副産物低減効果は、RSFCPGを保有しないPA株においても、同様の効果が見られた。
<プラスミドpCASETの作製>
pHSG298(Takara)をテンプレートにCGCCTCGAGTGACTCATACCAGGCCTG(配列番号148)、及びCGCCTCGAGGCAACACCTTCTTCACGAG(配列番号149)のプライマーを用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素XhoIで消化し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、pHSG298にXhoIの認識配列が挿入されたプラスミドをpHSG298-XhoIと命名した。
tacプロモーターを取得するためpKK223-3(Pharmacia)をテンプレートにATCATCCAGCTGTCAGGCAGCCATCGGAAG(配列番号150)、及びATCCCCGGGAATTCTGTT(配列番号151)のプライマーを用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素PvuII及びSmaIで消化することで約0.2kbpのtacプロモーターをコードするDNAフラグメントを得た。得られたDNAフラグメントとプラスミドpHSG298-XhoIを制限酵素PvuIIで消化し、さらにアルカリフォスファターゼ処理した約2.4kbpのDNAフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、pHSG298-XhoIのlacプロモーターがtacプロモーターに置換され、tacプロモーターの方向が元のlacプロモーターと同じ向きになっているプラスミドpHSGT1を得た。
得られたpHSGT1のtacプロモーターの下流にpHSG298のマルチクローニングサイトを連結するために、pHSG298を制限酵素EcoRI及びClaIで消化することでpHSG298のマルチクローニングサイトを含む約1.0kbpのDNAフラグメントを得た。得られたDNAフラグメントとプラスミドpHSGT1を制限酵素EcoRI及びClaIで消化し、さらにアルカリフォスファターゼ処理した約1.7kbpのDNAフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、tacプロモーターの下流にpHSG298のマルチクローニングサイトが連結されたプラスミドpHSGT2を得た。
コリネバクテリウム・カゼイ JCM 12072から単離されたpCASE1(Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2009) 81:1107-1115)の複製起点、repA及びrepBを含むDNAフラグメント(配列番号152)をDNA合成により作製した。配列を以下に示す。
CGCCTCGAGCACTGGAAGGGTTCTTCAGGGGAACCCCCGGAAACCGGGGAAACATCTGACTTGGTTAAATGTCGTATTATGAACACGCCGAGGAATGAAAACCGACCGTGCACGCTCGTGTGAGAAAGTCAGCTACATGAGACCAACTACCCGCCCTGAGGGACGCTTTGAGCAGCTGTGGCTGCCGCTGTGGCCATTGGCAAGCGATGACCTCCGTGAGGGCATTTACCGCACCTCACGGAAGAACGCGCTGGATAAGCGCTACGTCGAAGCCAATCCCGACGCGCTCTCTAACCTCCTGGTCGTTGACATCGACCAGGAGGACGCGCTTTTGCGCTCTTTGTGGGACAGGGAGGACTGGAGACCTAACGCGGTGGTTGAAAACCCCTTAAACGGGCACGCACACGCTGTCTGGGCGCTCGCGGAGCCATTTACCCGCACCGAATACGCCAAACGCAAGCCTTTGGCCTATGCCGCGGCTGTCACCGAAGGCCTACGGCGCTCTGTCGATGGCGATAGCGGATACTCCGGGCTGATCACCAAAAACCCCGAGCACACTGCATGGGATAGTCACTGGATCACCGATAAGCTGTATACGCTCGATGAGCTGCGCTTTTGGCTCGAAGAAACCGGCTTTATGCCGCCTGCGTCCTGGAGGAAAACGCGGCGGTTCTCGCCAGTTGGTCTAGGTCGTAATTGCGCACTCTTTGAAAGCGCACGTACGTGGGCATATCGGGAGGTCAGAAAGCATTTTGGAGACGCTGACGGCCTAGGCCGCGCAATCCAAACCACCGCGCAAGCACTTAACCAAGAGCTGTTTGATGAACCACTACCTGTGGCCGAAGTTGACTGTATTGCCAGGTCAATCCATAAATGGATCATCACCAAGTCACGCATGTGGACAGACGGCGCCGCCGTCTACGACGCCACATTCACCGCAATGCAATCCGCACGCGGGAAGAAAGGCTGGCAACGAAGCGCTGAGGTGCGTCGTGAGGCTGGACATACTCTTTGGAGGAACATTGGCTAAGGTTTATGCACGTTATCCACGCAACGGAAAAACAGCCCGCGAGCTGGCAGAACGTGCCGGTATGTCGGTGAGAACAGCTCAACGATGGACTTCCGAACCGCGTGAAGTGTTCATTAAACGTGCCAACGAGAAGCGTGCTCGCGTCCAGGAGCTGCGCGCCAAAGGTCTGTCCATGCGCGCTATCGCGGCAGAGATTGGTTGCTCGGTGGGCACGGTTCACCGCTACGTCAAAGAAGTTGAAGAGAAGAAAACCGCGTAAATCCAGCGGTTTAGTCACCCTCGGCGTGTTCAAAGTCCATCGTAACCAAGTCAGCTCGAGGCG
作製したDNAフラグメントを制限酵素XhoIで消化することで得られたDNAフラグメントとプラスミドpHSGT2を制限酵素XhoIで消化し、さらにアルカリフォスファターゼ処理したDNAフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、pHSGT2のXhoI認識部位にpCASE1の複製起点、repA及びrepBを含むDNAフラグメントが挿入されたプラスミドをpCASETと命名した。回収したpCASETでは、pCASE1由来repAの方向がtacプロモーターと逆向きになっていた。
<プラスミドpCASELの構築>
実施例43で合成した、pCASE1の複製起点、repA及びrepBを含むDNAフラグメント(配列番号152)を制限酵素XhoIで消化することで得られたDNAフラグメントと、実施例43で作製したプラスミドpHSG298-XhoIを制限酵素XhoIで消化し、さらにアルカリフォスファターゼ処理したDNAフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5αに形質転換し、カナマイシン25μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、pHSG298-XhoIのXhoI認識部位にpCASE1の複製起点、repA及びrepBを含むDNAフラグメントが挿入されたプラスミドをpCASELと命名した。回収したpCASELでは、pCASE1由来repAの方向がpHSG298由来lacプロモーターと逆向きになっていた。
<メチロコッカス・キャププスラタス由来mtk及びmcl発現プラスミドの構築>
pMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)を鋳型として、GGAATTCACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGGCTGTCAAGAACCGTCTAC(配列番号153)及び CGAATTCTCAGAATCTGATTCCGTGTTCCTG(配列番号154)のプライマーペアでPCRを実施し、メチロコッカスのmcl-mtkを含むDNA断片を得た。配列番号153および154のプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位を有している。このDNA断片およびプラスミドpCASETをEcoRIで切断して、両者を連結した。DNAシーケンシングにより、mcl-mtkフラグメントがプラスミドのプロモーターによる発現に適した方向に挿入されていることを確認し、このプラスミドをpCASET_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)およびpCASEL_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)と命名した。
<グラニュリバクター・ベセスデンシス、ニトロソモナス・ユーロピア、ハイホマイクロビウム・メチロボラム由来mtk発現プラスミドの構築>
pMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Gb)、pMWGKC_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Hme)_mcl、pMWGKC_mcl(Ne)_mtk(Ne)のそれぞれを用い、dam-/dcm- Competent E. coli (New England Biolabs社)を形質転換して、30μg/mL クロラムフェニコールを含むLB培地で増殖させてからプラスミドを回収し、制限酵素EcoRIおよびXbaIで切断して、mtkとmclを含む約3kbのDNA断片を回収した。それから、プラスミドpCASELを制限酵素EcoRIおよびXbaIで切断し、mtkとmclを含むDNA断片と連結させ、コリネバクテリウムでmtkおよびmclを発現させるためのベクターpCASEL_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Gb)、pCASEL_mcl(Hme)_mtk(Hme)、pCASEL_mcl(Ne)_mtk(Ne) を作製した。それぞれ、グラニュリバクター・ベセスデンシス、ニトロソモナス・ユーロピア、ハイホマイクロビウム・メチロボラムのmtkを保有する。
これまでに作製したコリネバクテリウム用プラスミドを表16にまとめた。
<コリネバクテリウムにおけるmtkの活性測定>
実施例45および実施例46で作製したプラスミドを用い、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムATCC13012株をエレクトロポレーション法で形質転換し、15μg/mgのカナマイシンを含むLB寒天培地に塗布して、30℃で1~4日培養した。生育した株を、15μg/mgのカナマイシンを含むLB液体培地で30℃で1~4日培養し、遠心分離により菌体を回収した。菌体をMOPS-K バッファー pH7.7に懸濁し、懸0.1mmグラスビーズを用い、ビーズショッカー(安井器械社、MB5000)で破砕した。遠心上清(13,000rpm、2min)を変異体粗酵素抽出液として、以後実施例16と同様の方法で菌体の活性測定を行った。結果を表17に示す。
<コリネバクテリウム用mtk、mcl、gcl、およびglxR発現プラスミドの構築>
NBRC(独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構バイオテクノロジー本部生物遺伝資源部門)からロドコッカス・ジョスティNBRC16295を購入した。NBRC16295をNBRCの培地番号802で培養し、DNeasy Blood &Tissue Kit(株式会社キアゲン)を用いてゲノムDNAを得た。このゲノムDNAを鋳型として、CGAGCTCAAGCTTACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGAGCACCATTGCATTCATCGG(配列番号155)CGGGATCCCTAGTCCAGCAGCATGAGAG(配列番号156)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、ロドコッカスのglxR-gclフラグメントを得た(配列番号157)。SacIとBamHIで切断し得られたフラグメントと、pCASET_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)をSacIとBamHIで切断して得られたプラスミドを連結した。このプラスミドをpCASET_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)_glxR(Rj)_gcl(Rj)と命名した。
<コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムにおけるグルタミン酸生産および13C導入評価株の構築>
コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムDSM1412(以後、「CG株」と呼ぶことがある。)実施例43、45、および48で構築したプラスミドを用い、エレクトロポレーション法で形質転換した。それぞれの株は15μg/mL カナマイシンを含むLB寒天培地に塗布し、生育した株を評価株とした。それらの株を表18にまとめた。
<コリネバクテリウム株による13Cラベル化CO2のグルタミン酸への導入検証>
対象となる微生物株を、15μg/mLカナマイシンを含む2mLのLB液体培地により、30℃かつ280rpmの条件で、十分な生育がみられるまで培養した。それから、100mLの羽根つき三角フラスコに、20g/Lのグルコース、および15μg/mLカナマイシンを含む10mlのコリネバクテリウム用最小培地{30g/L(NH4)2SO4、3g/L Na2HPO4、6g/L KH2PO4、2g/L NaCl、84mg/L CaCl2、3.9mg/L FeCl3、0.9mg/L ZnSO4・7H2O、0.3mg/L CuCl2・H2O、5.56mg/L MnSO4・5H2O、0.1mg/L (NH4)6MO7O24・4H2O、0.3mg/L Na2B4O7・10H2O、0.4g/L MgSO4・7H2O、40mg/L FeSO4・7H2O、500μg/L Vitamine B1・HCl、0.1g/L EDTA、10μg/L Biotin}を調整し、前述のLB液体培地による培養液を1mL添加して、十分な増殖がみられるまで1日~4日培養し、前培養液とした。前培養液から、遠心分離(5000rpm、5分間)により菌体を回収した。
100mMの炭酸水素ナトリウム(13Cラベル化)、20g/Lのグルコース、1.5%(w/v)のTween60(シグマ・アルドリッチ社製)、および15μg/mLカナマイシンを含む2mLのコリネバクテリウム用最小培地(ただしBiotin最終濃度は2μg/Lに変更)を準備し、前培養菌体をODが1~5の範囲内になるよう調整して添加した。密栓した後、30℃、150rpmで1~2日間培養した。培養液は定期的にサンプリングして、遠心分離(MILLIPORE社 12,000rpm、3分間)して菌体を除去し、上清を親水性PTFEメンブレンフィルター(MILLIPORE社、MSGVN2B50)でろ過し、培養サンプルとした。培養サンプルの13C分析は、実施例41と同様の方法で実施した。すなわち、GC-MS分析時のMW432、433、434のピーク面積を、それぞれ[M]、[M+1]、[M+2]とし、横軸は[M+1]/[M]、縦軸は[M+2]/[M]を示す。基準線は実施例41に記載の方法にしたがって計算した。
<コリネバクテリウム株によるグルタミン酸生産試験>
実施例50の培養液における、グルタミン酸量および副生成物の量を測定した。培養液中のグルタミン酸、グルコース、その他有機化合物を実施例42と同様の方法で分析した。結果を表19および表20に示す。
副産物量に関しては、mtk+mcl+gcl+glxR導入株(CG/mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR)株と対照株(CG/vec)を比較すると、予想外なことに、乳酸が主に減少しており、副産物の総量においても減少することが分かった。mtk+mclだけの導入株(CG/mtk_mcl)は、副産物量に関して対照株とほぼ同じであった。
<メチロバクテリウム・エクストルクエンス由来マレートチオキナーゼ遺伝子への変異導入による活性向上>
pMWGKC_mtk(Mex)_mclを鋳型とし、表21記載の配列番号のプライマーペアでPCRを行い、制限酵素DpnIで処理して鋳型を分解後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセルを形質転換し、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーをクロラムフェニコール10μg/mLを含むLB液体培地で30℃で一晩培養した。培養液の一部からプラスミドを回収し、DNA配列を確認して、目的の変異が正しく導入されたものを変異体サンプルとした。このサンプルをクロラムフェニコール10μg/mL含むLB液体培地で前培養後、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mL含むLB液体培地3mLに植菌し、30℃、280rpmで一晩培養した。そのうち2mLを10,000rpm、5分間遠心し、上清を除去後、2mLの10mMリン酸バッファー(pH7.0)を添加して洗浄した。この洗浄操作をさらにもう一回実施後、500μLのpH7の10mMリン酸バッファー(pH7.0)に懸濁した。懸濁液を、0.1mmグラスビーズを用い、ビーズショッカー(安井器械社、MB5000)で破砕した。遠心上清(13,000rpm、2min)を変異体粗酵素抽出液とした。
それぞれの変異体粗酵素抽出液について、[実施例16]の手法に基づき活性を評価した。結果を表21に示す。その結果、mtkBのQ244E変異、およびmtkBのL144I変異は変異導入前と比較して、活性値の向上が見られた。また、mtkBのQ244位に別のアミノ酸を導入したところ、A、L、I、M、N、Y,K、Rにおいて、活性の向上がみられた。また、mtkBのL144位に変異を導入したところ、N、D、K、R、H、Q、Pの変異により、活性の向上がみられた。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (16)
- 下記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれをも有していない微生物に、(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)のいずれも付与せず、または付与してもその機能を発揮せずに、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られたアセチルCoA生産回路を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物;
(a)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e)マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼとからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。 - ホスホエノールピルビン酸またはピルビン酸が、オキサロ酢酸を経由し、さらにマレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼにより得られた2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸がさらに2-ホスホグリセリン酸を経由して再びホスホエノールピルビン酸に変換されるアセチルCoA生産回路を有する請求項1に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- (f)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、またはホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、またはホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一種と、
(g)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼと、
(h)マレートチオキナーゼと、
(i)マリルCoAリアーゼと、
(j)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼと、
(k)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、またはヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一種と、
(l)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ、またはホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ及びグリセリン酸3-キナーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも一種と、
(m)エノラーゼと、
からなるアセチルCoA生産回路を有する請求項1又は請求項2に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。 - 微生物が、腸内細菌科に属する微生物又はコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌若しくはパントエア属細菌である腸内細菌科に属する微生物、又は、コリネバクテリウム属細菌であるコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌が有する乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼの活性が不活化または低減された請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌が有する、イソクエン酸リアーゼ及びリンゴ酸シンターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの酵素の活性が不活化又は低減された請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌に、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性及びアセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性が付与または強化された請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌であり、エシェリヒア属細菌に、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性及びイソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性が付与または強化された請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 微生物が、パントエア属細菌であり、パントエア属細菌が有する、フマル酸ヒドラターゼA及びフマル酸ヒドラターゼCの活性が不活化または低減された請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 微生物が、パントエア属細菌であり、パントエア属細菌が有するリンゴ酸シンターゼの活性が不活化または低減された請求項1~請求項5及び請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- マレートチオキナーゼにおいて、メチロバクテリウム・エクストロクエンス由来のmtkBの144番のアミノ酸に相当するアミノ酸がイソロイシン、アスパラギン、アスパラギン酸、リジン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、グルタミンもしくはプロリン、及び/又は244番目のアミノ酸がグルタミン酸、アラニン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、メチオニン、アスパラギン、チロシン、リジンもしくはアルギニンであるマレートチオキナーゼを用いることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 請求項1~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からアセチルCoAを生産することを含むアセチルCoA生産方法。
- 請求項9又は請求項12に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からアセトンを生産することを含むアセトン生産方法。
- 請求項9又は請求項12に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からイソプロピルアルコールを生産することを含むイソプロピルアルコール生産方法。
- 請求項5、請求項10、請求項11又は請求項12に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からグルタミン酸を生産することを含むグルタミン酸生産方法。
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| MY165731A (en) | 2018-04-20 |
| PL2738247T3 (pl) | 2017-05-31 |
| KR20140027541A (ko) | 2014-03-06 |
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| EP2738247A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
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| HUE032394T2 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| US9822387B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| BR112014001662A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
| PH12014500210A1 (en) | 2014-03-03 |
| JPWO2013018734A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
| TW201311889A (zh) | 2013-03-16 |
| PH12014500210B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
| TWI573869B (zh) | 2017-03-11 |
| DK2738247T3 (en) | 2017-01-09 |
| JP5922124B2 (ja) | 2016-05-24 |
| CN103703122B (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
| EP2738247B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
| EP2738247A4 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
| US20140363847A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
| BR112014001662B1 (pt) | 2021-09-14 |
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