WO2013018162A1 - 電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018162A1 WO2013018162A1 PCT/JP2011/067477 JP2011067477W WO2013018162A1 WO 2013018162 A1 WO2013018162 A1 WO 2013018162A1 JP 2011067477 W JP2011067477 W JP 2011067477W WO 2013018162 A1 WO2013018162 A1 WO 2013018162A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
- H01M4/662—Alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/40—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling foils which present special problems, e.g. because of thinness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
- B22D25/04—Casting metal electric battery plates or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode current collector used for a secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor and the like, and more particularly to an aluminum alloy foil used for a positive electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery. Furthermore, it is related with the aluminum alloy foil used for the electrode material for negative electrodes of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a lithium ion secondary battery having a high energy density is used as a power source for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers.
- the electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode plate, a separator, and a negative electrode plate.
- As the positive electrode material an aluminum alloy foil that is excellent in electric conductivity, has no influence on the electric efficiency of the secondary battery, and generates less heat is used as a support.
- An active material mainly composed of a lithium-containing metal oxide such as LiCoO 2 is applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy foil.
- an active material having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m is applied to both sides of an aluminum alloy foil of about 20 ⁇ m, and drying is performed to remove the solvent in the active material.
- compression processing is performed by a press machine.
- press working the process of “compressing with a press” is referred to as press working.
- the positive electrode plate manufactured in this way is laminated with the separator and the negative electrode plate, and then wound and stored in a case. After being molded, it is stored in a case.
- the aluminum alloy foil used for the positive electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery is required to have high strength because of problems such as occurrence of breakage during application of the active material and breakage at the bent portion during winding. .
- a heat treatment of about 100 ° C. to 180 ° C. is performed. Since it becomes easy to generate
- the adhesion between the active material and the surface of the aluminum alloy foil is lowered, there is a problem in that peeling progresses during repeated use of charge and discharge and the capacity of the battery is reduced.
- lithium ion secondary batteries used for aluminum alloy foils used for positive electrode materials of lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the electrical conductivity is a physical property value representing the ease of passing electricity in the substance, and indicates that the higher the electrical conductivity, the easier it is for electricity to pass.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries used in automobiles, power tools, and the like are required to have larger output characteristics than lithium ion secondary batteries such as mobile phones and laptop computers used for consumer use.
- the electrical conductivity is low, when a large current flows, the internal resistance of the battery increases, which causes a problem that the output voltage of the battery decreases.
- 3003 alloy is used as an aluminum alloy foil for a high-strength lithium ion secondary battery.
- the 3003 alloy is characterized by high strength because elements such as Si, Fe, Mn, and Cu are mainly added. In particular, due to the solid solution and fine precipitation of Mn, the strength reduction during the heat treatment is small. However, since the solid solution Mn lowers the electrical conductivity, the electrical conductivity of the 3003 alloy is very low compared to an aluminum alloy having an Al purity of 99% or more. That is, it is difficult for the 3003 alloy to satisfy both the high strength and the high conductivity required for the aluminum alloy foil for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an aluminum alloy foil for a battery current collector having a tensile strength of 98 MPa or more.
- Patent Document 2 proposes an aluminum alloy foil for a lithium ion secondary battery electrode current collector having a tensile strength of 200 MPa or more.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for preventing peeling from an active material without increasing plastic strength during press working by increasing the strength of an aluminum alloy foil.
- it since it is an alloy to which Mn, Cu, and Mg are added as main elements, high electrical conductivity cannot be satisfied.
- Patent Document 4 proposes an aluminum alloy plate having a solid solution amount of Fe of less than 50 ppm, a plate thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm, and a tensile strength of 145 to 200 MPa.
- application to the electrode current collector is difficult within the range of the plate thickness.
- the amount of solid solution of Fe is small, the strength is greatly reduced when heat treatment is performed at 120 to 160 ° C. for 15 minutes to 24 hours.
- an aluminum alloy foil for an electrode current collector that has satisfactory characteristics in both strength and conductivity cannot be obtained.
- This invention is made
- the present inventors examined aluminum alloy foil used for the positive electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery, regulated the components to an appropriate range, and ingot homogenization treatment and hot rolling in the manufacturing process. By optimizing the temperature conditions and controlling the solid solution precipitation state of the element, it was found that high strength can be maintained even after the heat treatment in the drying step after application of the active material, while maintaining high electrical conductivity. .
- Fe 0.1 to 0.5 mass% (hereinafter simply referred to as%), Si: 0.01 to 0.3%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.2%, Mn Electrode collector containing 0.01% or less, balance Al and inevitable impurities, tensile strength of 220 MPa or more, 0.2% proof stress of 180 MPa or more, and conductivity of 58% IACS or more Aluminum alloy foil for use.
- the second invention is the aluminum for electrode current collector as described above, wherein the solid solution amount of Fe is 100 ppm or more, the solid solution amount of Si is 80 to 1800 ppm, and the solid solution amount of Cu is 80 to 1500 ppm. Alloy foil.
- the tensile strength after the heat treatment is 190 MPa or more, and the 0.2% proof stress is 160 MPa or more.
- the aluminum alloy foil for an electrode current collector as described above.
- a fourth invention is a method for producing an aluminum alloy foil for an electrode current collector as described above, wherein Fe: 0.1 to 0.5%, Si: 0.01 to 0.3%, Cu: 0.00.
- An aluminum alloy ingot containing 01 to 0.2%, Mn: 0.01% or less, the balance being Al and inevitable impurities is held at 550 to 620 ° C. for 1 to 20 hours, and the starting temperature is 500 ° C. or more.
- a method for producing an aluminum alloy foil for an electrode current collector comprising hot rolling at an end temperature of 255 to 300 ° C.
- the first to fourth inventions can be combined as appropriate.
- the points that were particularly important in completing the present invention were (1) performing the homogenization heat treatment at 550 to 620 ° C. for 1 to 20 hours, (2) setting the hot rolling start temperature to 500 ° C. or higher, (3) To satisfy the three temperature conditions of setting the end temperature of hot rolling to 255 to 300 ° C. at the same time, and when one of these conditions is not satisfied, the strength and conductivity In both cases, it is impossible to obtain an aluminum alloy foil for an electrode current collector having excellent characteristics. Only when these temperature conditions are satisfied, it has been clarified that an aluminum alloy foil having high strength and high conductivity in which Fe, Si, and Cu are sufficiently dissolved can be obtained. Of these three conditions, it is particularly important that the end temperature of hot rolling is 255 to 300 ° C. When the end temperature of hot rolling is outside this range, there arises a problem that the production efficiency of the aluminum foil is deteriorated and the strength of the aluminum foil is lowered.
- the aluminum alloy foil for electrode collectors including the aluminum alloy foil for batteries can be provided.
- composition of the aluminum alloy foil for lithium ion batteries according to the present invention is as follows: Fe: 0.1 to 0.5%, Si: 0.01 to 0.3%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.2%, Mn: It contains 0.01% or less, and consists of the balance Al and inevitable impurities.
- Si is an element that improves the strength when added, and is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.3%. If the amount of Si added is less than 0.01%, the strength is not improved.
- the Al bullion used normally contains Si as an impurity, and high purity bullion is used to regulate to less than 0.01%. is there.
- the amount of Si added exceeds 0.3%, a large amount of Al—Fe—Si compound is present inside and on the surface of the aluminum alloy foil, which increases pinholes, which is not preferable.
- Fe is an element that improves the strength when added, and is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5%. If the added amount of Fe is less than 0.1%, the strength is not improved. On the other hand, if the amount of Fe exceeds 0.5%, a large amount of Al—Fe compound or Al—Fe—Si compound is present inside and on the surface of the aluminum alloy foil, which is not preferable because pinholes are increased.
- Cu is an element that improves the strength when added, and is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2%. If the amount of Cu added is less than 0.01%, the amount of Cu solid solution decreases, so the strength decreases. On the other hand, if the amount of Cu added exceeds 0.2%, the work curability becomes high, so that breakage during foil rolling is likely to occur.
- Mn is contained even in a trace amount, Mn is dissolved in the Al alloy and the conductivity is greatly reduced, so that it is restricted to 0.01% or less. If it exceeds 0.01%, it is difficult to maintain high conductivity, which is not preferable.
- this material contains inevitable impurities such as Cr, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ti, B, V, and Zr. These inevitable impurities are preferably 0.02% or less individually, and the total amount is preferably 0.15% or less.
- the solid solution amount is preferably 100 ppm or more. If the solid solution amount of Fe is less than 100 ppm, the contribution to strength improvement is small.
- the upper limit of the solid solution amount of Fe is not particularly specified, but if the solid solution amount of Fe is excessively increased, the decrease in conductivity is increased, so 300 ppm or less is preferable.
- the solid solution amount is preferably 80 to 1800 ppm. If the solid solution amount of Si is less than 80 ppm, the contribution to strength improvement is small, and a high-purity metal is used, so that it is difficult to realize economically. If it exceeds 1800 ppm, the work curability becomes too high, and breakage is likely to occur during foil rolling.
- the solid solution amount is preferably 80 to 1500 ppm.
- the contribution to strength improvement is small. If it exceeds 1500 ppm, the work hardenability becomes too high, so that breakage is likely to occur during foil rolling.
- the movement of dislocations can be achieved by optimizing the ingot homogenization treatment and the temperature conditions during hot rolling, and by dissolving each element more in solid solution. Suppressed, higher strength can be achieved. Furthermore, since the amount of solid solution is increased, work hardening is also improved, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy foil can be further increased by cold rolling and foil rolling.
- the base plate tensile strength after the final cold rolling is 220 MPa or more, and the 0.2% proof stress is 180 MPa or more. If the tensile strength is less than 220 MPa and the 0.2% proof stress is less than 180 MPa, the strength is insufficient, and breakage and cracks are likely to occur due to the tension applied during application of the active material. In addition, it also causes problems such as medium elongation, which adversely affects productivity.
- the manufacturing process of a positive electrode plate has a drying process after active material application in order to remove the solvent in an active material.
- heat treatment is performed at a temperature of about 100 to 180 ° C.
- This heat treatment may soften the aluminum alloy foil and change its mechanical properties, so the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy foil after the heat treatment become important.
- dislocations are activated and easily moved by heat energy from the outside, and the strength decreases during the recovery process. In order to prevent a decrease in strength during the recovery process during heat treatment, it is effective to suppress the movement of dislocations by solid solution elements and precipitates in the aluminum alloy.
- the tensile strength after the heat treatment is 190 MPa or more and the 0.2% proof stress is 160 MPa or more.
- the homogenization treatment conditions and the hot rolling conditions are controlled. If the tensile strength after such heat treatment is less than 190 MPa and the 0.2% proof stress is less than 160 MPa, medium elongation tends to occur during the press processing after the drying step, so that wrinkles are generated during winding and the active material It is not preferable because it is easy to peel off or break when slitting.
- the conductivity is 58% IACS or higher.
- the conductivity indicates the solid solution state of the solute element.
- the electrode collector of the present application is used for a lithium ion secondary battery, if the electrical conductivity is less than 58% IACS, the battery capacity decreases when used at a high current value such that the discharge rate exceeds 5C, which is not preferable.
- 1 C is a current value at which discharge is completed in one hour after a constant current discharge is performed on a cell having a nominal capacity value.
- an aluminum alloy ingot having the above alloy composition is produced by the following steps.
- An aluminum alloy having the above composition can be obtained by melt casting by a conventional method and then obtaining an ingot, and is produced by a semi-continuous casting method or a continuous casting method.
- the cast aluminum alloy ingot is homogenized at 550 to 620 ° C. for 1 to 20 hours. When the homogenization temperature is less than 550 ° C. or less than 1 hour, elements such as Si and Fe are not sufficiently dissolved, and the strength is not preferable.
- the ingot When the temperature exceeds 620 ° C., the ingot is locally melted, or a very small amount of hydrogen gas mixed during casting comes out to the surface, which is not preferable because the surface of the material tends to swell. Further, when the homogenization time exceeds 20 hours, the effect is saturated, resulting in a decrease in productivity and an increase in cost.
- Hot rolling After the homogenization treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling and foil rolling are performed to obtain an aluminum alloy foil having a foil thickness of 6 to 30 ⁇ m.
- Hot rolling starts at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher after the homogenization treatment is completed. If the starting temperature of hot rolling is less than 500 ° C., the amount of precipitation of elements such as Si and Fe increases, and it becomes difficult to secure a solid solution amount for improving the strength. In particular, the amount of Fe dissolved in the solid has a great influence in order to maintain high strength. Since Fe is likely to precipitate as an Al 3 Fe, Al—Fe—Si based intermetallic compound in the temperature range of 350 to 500 ° C., it is necessary to shorten the time required in this temperature range as much as possible. In particular, the required time in the temperature range of 350 to 500 ° C. in the hot rolling is preferably within 20 minutes.
- the end temperature of hot rolling is 255 to 300 ° C.
- the end temperature during hot rolling can be determined by changing the line speed and adjusting the processing heat generation and cooling conditions.
- the hot-rolled aluminum plate is wound up on the outlet side of the hot rolling mill to be cooled as a coil.
- the end temperature of hot rolling exceeds 300 ° C., recrystallization of aluminum inside the coil proceeds during cooling, so that the accumulated strain decreases and the strength decreases.
- a more preferable temperature range is 255 to 285 ° C.
- cold rolling is performed after the hot rolling is completed, it is preferable not to perform intermediate annealing before or during the cold rolling.
- the intermediate annealing is performed, the strain accumulated by the hot rolling and the cold rolling before the intermediate annealing is released, and the strength is reduced. Further, Fe dissolved during the homogenization treatment and hot rolling is precipitated, and the amount of Fe solution decreases, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy foil after the final cold rolling and the temperature from 120 to 160 ° C. for 15 minutes to The strength after heat treatment for 24 hours decreases.
- the thickness of the aluminum alloy foil after final cold rolling is 6-30 ⁇ m. When the thickness is less than 6 ⁇ m, pinholes are easily generated during foil rolling, which is not preferable. If it exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the volume and weight of the electrode current collector closed to the same volume will increase, and the volume and weight of the active material will decrease. In the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, this leads to a decrease in battery capacity, which is not preferable.
- An aluminum alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 was melt cast by a semi-continuous casting method to produce an ingot having a thickness of 500 mm. Next, after this ingot was chamfered, homogenization treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1, and after the homogenization treatment, hot rolling was performed to obtain a plate thickness of 3.0 mm. In Examples 1 to 4 and 6 to 14, cold rolling and foil rolling were continuously performed without performing intermediate annealing, and an aluminum alloy foil having a foil thickness of 12 ⁇ m was obtained. In Example 5, after hot rolling, cold rolling was performed to 0.8 mm, and intermediate annealing was performed at 490 ° C. for 4 hours. Thereafter, cold rolling and foil rolling were continuously performed to obtain an aluminum alloy foil having a foil thickness of 12 ⁇ m. Comparative examples 15 to 24 were also manufactured in the same manufacturing process as in the above example.
- the positive electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured with each aluminum alloy foil.
- PVDF serving as a binder was added to an active material mainly composed of LiCoO 2 to form a positive electrode slurry.
- a positive electrode slurry was applied to both surfaces of the aluminum alloy foil having a width of 30 mm, dried at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then a roller press machine. To increase the density of the active material.
- ⁇ Tensile strength> The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy foil cut in the rolling direction was measured using an Instron type tensile tester AG-10kNX manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The measurement conditions were a test piece size of 10 mm ⁇ 100 mm, a distance between chucks of 50 mm, and a crosshead speed of 10 mm / min.
- the aluminum alloy foil after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes is cut out in the rolling direction and has the same tensile strength as above. It was measured.
- As for the tensile strength 220 MPa or more was accepted and less than 220 MPa was rejected.
- the tensile strength after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes was determined to be 190 MPa or more, and less than 190 MPa was rejected.
- ⁇ Conductivity> The electrical conductivity was determined by measuring the electrical resistivity value by the four probe method and converting it to electrical conductivity. 58% IACS or more was accepted and less than 58% IACS was rejected.
- ⁇ Solution amount> The amount of Fe and Cu dissolved is 1.0g of aluminum alloy foil and 50mL of phenol decomposed by heating to about 200 ° C. After adding 100mL of benzyl alcohol as a solidification preventive material, the intermetallic compound is separated by filtration. The filtrate was measured by ICP emission analysis. The intermetallic compound separated by the filtration was dissolved in a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, and the amount of Si deposited as the intermetallic compound was measured by ICP emission analysis. The solid solution amount of Si was obtained by subtracting the precipitated Si amount from the initial Si content.
- ⁇ Pinhole density> The aluminum alloy foil rolled to 12 ⁇ m was coiled with a width of 0.6 m and a length of 6000 m, and the number of pinholes was measured with a surface inspection machine. By dividing the measured number of pinholes by the total surface area, the number of pinholes per 1 m 2 of unit area was calculated and used as the pinhole density. A pinhole density of less than 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 pieces / m 2 was accepted, and a pinhole density of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 pieces / m 2 or more was rejected.
- Example 1 there was no occurrence of breakage or active material peeling in the active material application step, high electrical conductivity, and good evaluation results were obtained.
- Example 5 in which the intermediate annealing was performed, the electrical conductivity was sufficiently high, but the strength was slightly lower than in the other examples.
- strength of aluminum alloy foil becomes higher by making hot rolling completion temperature into 285 degrees C or less from the comparison of Example 9 and 10.
- Comparative Example 15 since the amount of Si was large, the electrical conductivity was not sufficient, the work curability was too high, cutting occurred during foil rolling, and many pinholes were generated.
- Comparative Example 16 since the amount of Fe was large, the electrical conductivity was not sufficient and many pinholes were generated.
- Comparative Example 17 since the Fe amount and Fe solid solution amount are small, the strength and strength after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes are insufficient, and the active material Cutting and peeling of the active material occurred in the coating process.
- Comparative Example 18 since the amount of Cu and the amount of Cu solid solution were large, the work curability was too high, and breakage occurred during foil rolling.
- Comparative Example 19 the conductivity decreased because of the large amount of Mn.
- Comparative Example 20 since the amount of Cu and the amount of solid solution of Cu were small, the strength and strength after 24 hours at 120 ° C. were insufficient, and breakage and peeling of the active material occurred in the active material coating process.
- Comparative Example 21 since the hot rolling start temperature is low, the amount of Fe solid solution is low, and the strength and strength after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes. Insufficient cuts and peeling of the active material occurred in the active material application process.
- Comparative Example 22 since the homogenization treatment temperature is low, the amount of Fe solid solution is low, the strength and the strength after heat treatment at 120 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
リチウムイオン二次電池の電極材は、正極板、セパレータおよび負極板で構成される。正極材には電気伝導性に優れ、二次電池の電気効率に影響せず、発熱が少ないという特徴を有するアルミニウム合金箔が支持体として使用されている。アルミニウム合金箔表面にはリチウム含有金属酸化物、たとえばLiCoO2を主成分とする活物質を塗布する。製造方法としては、20μm程度のアルミニウム合金箔に、100μm程度の厚さの活物質を両面に塗布し、活物質中の溶媒を除去する乾燥を実施する。さらに、活物質の密度を増大させるために、プレス機にて圧縮加工を施す。(以下、この「プレス機にて圧縮加工を施す」工程をプレス加工と呼ぶ。)このようにして製造された正極板はセパレータ、負極板と積層された後、捲回し、ケースに収納するための成形を行った後、ケースに収納される。
特許文献3には、アルミニウム合金箔を高強度化することでプレス加工時に塑性変形をせず、活物質との剥離を防止する方法が示されている。しかし、主要元素としてMn、Cu、Mgを添加した合金であるため、高い導電率を満足することはできない。
特許文献4には、Feの固溶量が50ppm未満であり、板厚が0.1~2mmで引張強さが145~200MPaのアルミニウム合金板が提案されている。しかし、上記板厚の範囲内では、電極集電体への適用は困難である。また、Feの固溶量が少ないために、120~160℃で15分~24時間の熱処理を行った際には、強度が大きく低下してしまう。
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔について、高い導電率を有しつつ、乾燥工程後の強度も高い電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔を提供することを目的とする。
また、第1~第4の発明は、適宜組み合わせ可能である。
これらの3つの条件のうち特に重要なのは、熱間圧延の終了温度を255~300℃にすることである。熱間圧延の終了温度がこの範囲外であると、アルミニウム箔の生産効率が悪化したり、アルミニウム箔の強度が低下したりするという問題が生じる。
本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池用アルミニウム合金箔の組成は、Fe:0.1~0.5%、Si:0.01~0.3%、Cu:0.01~0.2%、Mn:0.01%以下を含有し、残部Al及び不可避的不純物からなる。
アルミニウムに固溶したFeは、アルミニウムの強度を向上させる。その固溶量は、100ppm以上とすることが好ましい。Feの固溶量が100ppm未満では、強度向上への寄与は少ない。Feの固溶量の上限は特に規定しないが、Feの固溶量が多くなりすぎると導電率の低下が大きくなるため、300ppm以下が好ましい。
Fe、Si、Cuのみが主に添加されているアルミニウム合金では、鋳塊の均質化処理と熱間圧延時の温度条件を最適化し、各元素をより多く固溶させることで、転位の移動が抑制されて、より高強度を達成することができる。さらに、固溶量が増加することで、加工硬化性も向上するために、冷間圧延と箔圧延により、アルミニウム合金箔の強度をより高くすることができる。
正極板の製造工程は、活物質中の溶媒を除去する目的で活物質塗布後に乾燥工程がある。この乾燥工程では100~180℃程度の温度の熱処理が行われる。この熱処理により、アルミニウム合金箔は軟化して機械的特性が変化する場合があるため、熱処理後のアルミニウム合金箔の機械的特性が重要となる。100~180℃の熱処理時には、外部からの熱エネルギーにより、転位が活性化されて移動し易くなり、回復過程で強度が低下する。熱処理時の回復過程での強度低下を防ぐには、アルミニウム合金中の固溶元素や析出物によって、転位の移動を抑制することが有効である。特に、Fe、Si、Cuのみが主に添加されているアルミニウム合金では、Fe固溶量による効果が大きい。つまり、鋳塊の均質化処理温度を高温化させることで、Feをより多く固溶させ、熱間圧延時にはこれらの固溶したFeをできるだけ析出させずに、高い固溶量を維持することで、熱処理後の強度低下を抑制することができる。
導電率は58%IACS以上とする。導電率は溶質元素の固溶状態を示す。本願電極集電体をリチウムイオン二次電池に用いる場合、導電率が58%IACS未満では、放電レートが5Cを超えるような高い電流値で使用する際に、電池容量が低下するため、好ましくない。なお、1Cとは公称容量値の容量を有するセルを定電流放電して、1時間で放電終了となる電流値のことである。
本発明では上記合金組成のアルミニウム合金鋳塊を以下の工程で製造する。
前記組成を有するアルミニウム合金は、常法により溶解鋳造後、鋳塊を得ることができ、半連続鋳造法や連続鋳造法により製造される。鋳造したアルミニウム合金鋳塊は、550~620℃で1~20時間の均質化処理を行う。
均質化処理温度が550℃未満あるいは1時間未満の保持時間では、Si、Fe等の元素が十分に固溶せず、強度が低下するので好ましくない。温度が620℃を超えると局部的に鋳塊が溶融したり鋳造時に混入した極僅かの水素ガスが表面に出て材料表面に膨れが生じ易くなったりするため好ましくない。また、均質化処理時間が20時間を超えると効果が飽和し、生産性の低下やコストアップとなる。
熱間圧延の終了温度を255℃未満とするには、加工発熱の発生を抑制するためにライン速度を大きく低下させることが必要となり、生産性が低下してしまうため好ましくない。熱間圧延の終了温度が300℃を超えると、冷却中にコイル内部のアルミニウムの再結晶が進行するために、蓄積されたひずみが減少し強度が低下してしまう。より好ましい温度域は、255~285℃である。
圧延方向に切り出したアルミニウム合金箔の引張強さを、島津製作所製インストロン型引張試験機AG-10kNXを使用して測定した。測定条件は、試験片サイズを10mm×100mm、チャック間距離50mm、クロスヘッド速度10mm/分とした。また、乾燥工程を想定し、120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後のアルミニウム合金箔についても、圧延方向に切り出し、上記と同じく引張強さを測定した。引張強さは、220MPa以上を合格とし、220MPa未満を不合格とした。120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の引張強さは、190MPa以上を合格とし、190MPa未満を不合格とした。
上記と同じく、引張試験を実施して、応力/ひずみ曲線から0.2%耐力を求めた。
0.2%耐力は、180MPa以上を合格とし、180MPa未満を不合格とした。120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の0.2%耐力は、160MPa以上を合格とし、160MPa未満を不合格とした。
導電率は、四端子法にて電気比抵抗値を測定し、導電率に換算して求めた。58%IACS以上を合格とし、58%IACS未満を不合格とした。
FeおよびCuの固溶量は、アルミニウム合金箔1.0gとフェノール50mLを、約200℃に加熱して分解して、固化防止材としてベンジルアルコール100mLを添加後、金属間化合物をろ過にて分離し、ろ液をICP発光分析にて測定した。
上記ろ過にて分離された金属間化合物を、フッ酸と硝酸と塩酸の混合溶液で溶解し、ろ液をICP発光分析によって、金属間化合物として析出しているSi量を測定した。Siの固溶量は、初期のSi含有量から、析出しているSi量を差し引くことで得た。
12μmまで箔圧延されたアルミニウム合金箔を、巾0.6mで長さ6000mのコイル状とし、表面検査機にてピンホールの個数を測定した。測定されたピンホール数を全表面積で除すことで、単位面積1m2当たりのピンホール数を算出し、ピンホール密度とした。ピンホール密度が2.0×10-3個/m2未満を合格、ピンホール密度が2.0×10-3個/m2以上を不合格とした。
活物質塗布工程において塗布した正極材に、切れが発生したか否かを目視で観察した。切れが発生しなかった場合を合格とし、発生した場合を不合格とした。
活物質剥離の有無は、目視で観察を行った。剥離が発生しなかった場合を合格とし、一部分でも剥離が発生した場合を不合格とした。
比較例16では、Fe量が多いために、導電率が十分でなく、ピンホールも多く発生した。
比較例17では、Fe量及びFe固溶量が少ないために、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例18では、Cu量及びCu固溶量が多いために、加工硬化性が高くなりすぎて、箔圧延時に切れが発生した。
比較例19では、Mn量が多いために、導電率が低下した。
比較例20では、Cu量及びCu固溶量が少ないために、強度及び120℃で24時間を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例21では、熱間圧延開始温度が低いために、Fe固溶量が低く、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例22では、均質化処理温度が低いために、Fe固溶量が低く、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例23では、均質化処理時の保持時間が短いために、Fe固溶量が十分でなく、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例24では、熱間圧延終了の温度が高いために、熱間圧延後のアルミニウム板が再結晶し、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
Claims (4)
- Fe:0.1~0.5mass%(以下、単に%と記す。)、Si:0.01~0.3%、Cu:0.01~0.2%、Mn:0.01%以下を含有し、残部Alと不可避的不純物から成り、引張強さが220MPa以上、0.2%耐力が180MPa以上、導電率が58%IACS以上を特徴とする電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔。
- Feの固溶量が100ppm以上、Siの固溶量が80~1800ppm、Cuの固溶量が80~1500ppmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔。
- 120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分間の何れの熱処理を行った場合でも熱処理後の引張強さが190MPa以上、0.2%耐力が160MPa以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔。
- 請求項1~3の何れか1つに記載の電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔の製造方法であって、Fe:0.1~0.5%、Si:0.01~0.3%、Cu:0.01~0.2%、Mn:0.01%以下を含有し、残部Alと不可避的不純物からなるアルミニウム合金鋳塊を550~620℃で1~20時間保持し、開始温度が500℃以上、終了温度が255~300℃で熱間圧延することを特徴とする電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔の製造方法。
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| EP11870485.7A EP2738851B1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Aluminum alloy foil for electrode collectors and production method therefor |
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| US14/235,653 US9543588B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | Aluminum alloy foil for electrode collectors and production method therefor |
| CN201180072485.XA CN103748714B (zh) | 2011-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | 电极集电体用铝合金箔及其制造方法 |
| KR1020147004357A KR101946933B1 (ko) | 2011-07-29 | 2011-07-29 | 전극 집전체용 알루미늄 합금호일 및 제조 방법 |
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| WO2013146369A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-03 | 古河スカイ株式会社 | 電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔およびその製造方法 |
| WO2013161726A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-10-31 | 古河スカイ株式会社 | 電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔、その製造方法及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| US9698426B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2017-07-04 | Uacj Corporation | Aluminum alloy foil for electrode current collector, method for manufacturing same, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP2014205886A (ja) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社Uacj | 電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔及びその製造方法 |
| US9947917B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2018-04-17 | Uacj Corporation | Aluminum alloy foil for current collector of electrode, and manufacturing method thereof |
| EP3061839A4 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-11-16 | Uacj Corp | ALUMINUM ALLOY FOIL FOR AN ELECTRODE STREAM COLLECTOR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| JPWO2015060300A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-03-09 | 株式会社Uacj | 電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔及びその製造方法 |
| WO2015149175A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | Universite Du Quebec A Chicoutimi | Aluminum alloy composition and method |
| US11203805B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2021-12-21 | Universite Du Quebec A Chicoutimi | Aluminum alloy composition and method |
| JP2018076590A (ja) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-05-17 | 株式会社Uacj | 電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔及びその製造方法 |
| JP2021504584A (ja) * | 2017-11-21 | 2021-02-15 | ハイドロ アルミニウム ロールド プロダクツ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングHydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH | リチウムイオン蓄電池の製造のための電池電極箔 |
| JP2021504585A (ja) * | 2017-11-21 | 2021-02-15 | ハイドロ アルミニウム ロールド プロダクツ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングHydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH | リチウムイオン蓄電池の製造のための高強度電池電極箔 |
| JP7042920B2 (ja) | 2017-11-21 | 2022-03-28 | スペイラ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | リチウムイオン蓄電池の製造のための高強度電池電極箔 |
| JP7312760B2 (ja) | 2017-11-21 | 2023-07-21 | スペイラ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | リチウムイオン蓄電池の製造のための電池電極箔 |
| WO2022168852A1 (ja) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103748714A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
| EP2738851A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
| JP5816285B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
| KR101946933B1 (ko) | 2019-02-12 |
| KR20140051321A (ko) | 2014-04-30 |
| US9543588B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
| EP2738851A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| JPWO2013018162A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| EP2738851B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
| CN103748714B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
| US20140178709A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
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